772:
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205:
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Glyphs were formed within a 10 by 10 grid. The terminal shipped with a total of 288 characters in its ROM, each one formed from an 8 by 10 pixel glyph. Using only 8 of the columns left space between the characters. The characters included the 96 printable ASCII characters, 67 Display
Controls, 32 DEC
254:
The VT200 series was extremely successful in the market. Released at $ 1,295, but later priced at $ 795, the VT220 offered features, packaging and price that no other serial terminal could compete with at the time. In 1986, DEC shipped 165,000 units, giving them a 42% market share, double that of the
297:
Normally the monitor sat facing upward at about a 15 degree angle. Because it was lower than head height, the result was an especially ergonomic terminal. On the rear bottom of the case was a carrying handle that could also be used to angle the monitor more foward. An extendable post could do so to
467:
keyboard, the VT220 was a new and very popular product. IBM's design team chose to emulate its LK201 keyboard layout. Key innovations that IBM copied were the inverted-T shape of the arrow cluster, the navigation keys above it, and the numeric keypad off to its right. Eventually the popularity of
293:
before them, had been packaged in relatively large cases that provided room for expansion systems. The VT200s abandoned this concept, and wrapped the much smaller 1980s-era electronics tightly around the CRT. The result was a truncated pyramidal case with the apex at the back, only slightly larger
401:
link up to 256 character codes were available, which included a full set of
European characters. But when operating on a typical 7-bit link, only 128 were available, and only 96 of these produced display output as the rest were
413:
DEC's solution to this problem, NRCS, allowed individual characters glyphs in the base set of 96 7-bit characters to be swapped out. For instance, the
British set made a single substitution, replacing the US's hash character,
422:. The terminal included 14 such replacement sets, most of which swapped out about a dozen characters. This eliminated the need to ship 14 versions of the terminal, or to include 14 different 7-bit character sets in ROM.
340:
terminals. A standard 25-pin D-connector was also provided for RS-232. Only one of the two ports could be in use at a given time. Later DEC terminals would replace both of these with their proprietary
468:
the IBM PC would lead to the Model M layout becoming standardized by ANSI and ISO. Through those standards, minor variations of the VT220's keyboard layout have dominated keyboard design ever since.
429:(DRCS), which could be downloaded from the host computer. Data for the glyphs was sent by encoding a set of six vertical pixels into a single character code, and then sending many of these
451:
was present, it was positioned in the upper left corner of the keyboard. The VT220 moved it to the typical location for the f11 key, in the middle of the top row of keys. For users of the
358:. The VT241 is the color version of the VT240, consisting of the same V240 base unit with VR-241 color monitor. A VT240 can be upgraded to a VT241 by replacing the monitor and the cable.
719:
247:
series, providing more functionality in a much smaller unit with a much smaller and lighter keyboard. Like the VT100, the VT200 series implemented a large subset of
1671:
712:
271:
The VT220 improved on the earlier VT100 series of terminals with a redesigned keyboard, much smaller physical packaging, and a faster microprocessor, the
313:
facility. It was much smaller and lighter than the VT100s version, and connected to the terminal using a lighter and more flexible coiled cable and a
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705:
406:. This was not enough characters to handle all European languages. Most terminals solved this by shipping multiple complete character sets in
1666:
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259:. Competitors adapted by introducing similar models at lower prices, leading DEC to do the same by releasing the less-expensive $ 545
687:
382:, but added features to make it more suitable for an international market. This was accomplished by including a number of different
435:
to the terminal, which decoded them into the character set memory. In later models, the same sixel concept would be used to send
198:
1661:
1542:
509:
305:
keyboard supplied with the VT220 was one of the first full-length, low-profile keyboards available; it was developed at DEC's
251:. Among its major upgrades was a number of international character sets, as well as the ability to define new character sets.
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Special
Graphics, and a backward question mark used to represent undefined characters.
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The VT200s included the ability to make minor changes to the character set using the
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was the basic version, a text-only version with multi-lingual capabilities. The
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as well. Character graphics were a common example of these downloaded sets.
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than the CRT. This made it much easier to fit the terminal on a desk.
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328:-style connector), , an older standard originally developed for the
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even greater angles, allowing the monitor to face directly forward.
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Additionally, the VT200s allowed for another 96 characters in the
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in 1987. By that time, DEC had shipped over one million VT220s.
256:
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system but became popular on computers due to the early use of
825:
621:
Milton
Campbell (April 1984). "The RT-11 Perspective: VT220".
386:
that could be selected among using a series of ANSI commands.
243:
did the same in color. The 200 series replaced the successful
455:
editor, in which it is heavily used, this was inconvenient.
347:
Another version of the terminal, the VT240, used DEC's own
659:"Why I Still Use a 34-Year-Old IBM Model M Keyboard"
320:
The VT200s were the last DEC terminals to provide a
27:
Computer terminal from
Digital Equipment Corporation
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693:ECMA-48 Control Functions for Coded Character Sets
463:In 1983-1984, during the design phase of the IBM
378:The VT220 was designed to be compatible with the
351:, a single-chip microcontroller version of the
547:"DEC Unveils New Design In Successor To VT100"
713:
8:
683:Kermit 95 VT220 / VT320 Function Key Mapping
646:you have to go hunt for the VT220 ESCAPE key
30:
599:"National Replacement Character Set (NRCS)"
792:
770:
720:
706:
698:
36:
29:
574:"DEC VT320 late, but low price surprises"
419:
415:
500:
1672:Computer-related introductions in 1983
397:(NRCS) concept. When operating on an
239:support to the base model, while the
7:
1636:
1329:Digital Storage Systems Interconnect
490:- VT100 / VT220 / XTerm Test Utility
410:, but there was a cost in doing so.
93: (equivalent to $ 4,000 in 2023)
1403:Dynamically Redefined Character Set
528:"VT220 Programmer Reference Manual"
427:Dynamically Redefined Character Set
1349:Synchronous Backplane Interconnect
395:National Replacement Character Set
322:20mA current loop serial interface
25:
688:VT220 workstation operating modes
545:Bartimo, Jim (21 November 1983).
282:that used white, green, or amber
1635:
1626:
1625:
1616:
1615:
572:Bright, David (31 August 1987).
199:The National Museum of Computing
1543:Maintenance Operations Protocol
278:. The VT220 was available with
644:. March 18, 1985. p. 68.
1:
1433:Mass Storage Control Protocol
729:Digital Equipment Corporation
532:Digital Equipment Corporation
508:Richard Shuford (1995–2005).
222:Digital Equipment Corporation
1523:Digital Federal Credit Union
745:(founder and CEO, 1957–1992)
224:(DEC) in November 1983. The
1667:Character-oriented terminal
1567:Sequence and Batch Language
1528:Dynamic debugging technique
365:DEC VT220 connected to the
1688:
1558:Record Management Services
1344:Standard Disk Interconnect
447:Prior to the VT220, if an
1611:
1592:The Ultimate Entrepreneur
768:
610:VT320 Soft Character Sets
35:
1255:DIGITAL Command Language
129:12 in (30 cm)
42:DEC VT220 terminal with
1581:Systems Research Center
1576:System Reference Manual
418:, with the pound sign,
1662:DEC computer terminals
1548:On-line Debugging Tool
443:Escape Key controversy
370:
209:
201:
510:"DEC Video Terminals"
369:of a modern computer.
364:
342:Modified Modular Jack
289:The VT100s, like the
207:
196:
1538:Local Area Transport
1296:National Replacement
638:"VT220 ESCAPE key".
255:closest competitor,
197:DEC VT220 in use at
1398:Digital Linear Tape
757:(VP of engineering)
167:serial printer port
32:
1621:Computers template
437:bitmapped graphics
404:control characters
371:
344:(MMJ) connectors.
218:computer terminals
210:
202:
161:20 mA current loop
87:Introductory price
1649:
1648:
952:
951:
334:Teletype Model 33
232:added monochrome
191:
190:
66:Computer terminal
16:(Redirected from
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1639:
1638:
1629:
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1619:
1618:
1413:Flip-Chip module
1306:Special Graphics
793:
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763:(CEO, 1992–1998)
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512:. Archived from
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478:ANSI escape code
134:80x24 characters
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781:Instruction set
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661:. 25 April 2020
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553:. pp. 1, 6
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276:microcontroller
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216:is a family of
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1477:Related topics
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677:External links
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627:. p. 170.
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534:. August 1984.
519:
516:on 2009-06-05.
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1354:TURBOchannel
1200:Digital UNIX
1031:
751:(co-founder)
663:. Retrieved
653:
645:
639:
633:
622:
616:
605:
594:
582:. Retrieved
580:. p. 16
577:
567:
555:. Retrieved
550:
540:
522:
514:the original
503:
462:
446:
430:
424:
412:
392:
388:
377:
356:minicomputer
346:
337:
319:
300:
296:
288:
270:
261:VT300 series
253:
240:
229:
225:
214:VT200 series
213:
211:
152:Connectivity
72:Release date
52:Manufacturer
1210:Programming
923:Alpha 21464
918:Alpha 21364
913:Alpha 21264
903:Alpha 21164
886:Alpha 21064
755:Gordon Bell
483:Rainbow 100
399:8-bit clean
367:serial port
317:connector.
172:Predecessor
1656:Categories
1516:HP-Interex
939:MicroPRISM
788:processors
736:Key people
665:2021-04-19
584:26 January
557:26 January
495:References
449:Escape key
273:Intel 8051
249:ANSI X.364
104:Intel 8051
1489:AltaVista
1393:DECwriter
1364:VAXBI bus
1311:Technical
1287:(Turkish)
1250:VAX MACRO
1212:languages
1098:Operating
980:VT50/VT52
960:terminals
944:StrongARM
743:Ken Olsen
330:telegraph
284:phosphors
208:DEC VT240
182:Successor
118:256 byte
116:24 KB ROM
114:16 KB RAM
91:US$ 1,295
1631:Category
1500:CPU Wars
1418:Gold key
1375:hardware
1301:RADIX 50
1240:MACRO-11
1235:MACRO-10
958:Computer
624:HARDCOPY
472:See also
374:Software
349:DEC T-11
267:Hardware
146:keyboard
46:keyboard
1641:Commons
1553:PALcode
1438:PALcode
1408:Firefly
1388:DECtape
1383:DECtalk
1334:Massbus
1281:(Greek)
1220:BASIC-8
1180:VAX/VMS
1175:TOPS-20
1123:TOPS-10
1100:systems
907:21164PC
465:Model M
307:Roxbury
126:Display
77: (
1586:TD/SMP
1506:DECnet
1494:Compaq
1373:Other
1359:Unibus
1291:Hebrew
1190:Ultrix
1185:VAXELN
1170:DSM-11
1158:RSX-11
1153:RSTS/E
1143:DOS-11
1128:RSX-15
1113:4K DMS
1108:DECsys
1084:(1994)
1078:(1993)
1072:(1990)
1070:VT1000
1066:(1990)
1050:(1987)
1034:(1983)
998:(1978)
982:(1975)
976:(1972)
970:(1970)
861:Mariah
804:LSI-11
797:PDP-11
488:Vttest
459:Legacy
432:Sixels
353:PDP-11
338:ad hoc
336:'s as
158:serial
156:RS-232
111:Memory
1603:WPS-8
1598:VT640
1571:Sixel
1563:ReGIS
1533:FX!32
1511:DECUS
1484:AdvFS
1428:LK421
1423:LK201
1339:Q-Bus
1245:MUMPS
1230:FOCAL
1225:DIBOL
1148:RT-11
1133:TSS/8
1088:VT525
1082:VT520
1076:VT510
1064:VT420
1059:VT340
1054:VT330
1048:VT320
1043:VT241
1038:VT240
1032:VT220
1027:VT180
1022:VT131
1017:VT105
1012:VT103
1007:VT102
1002:VT101
996:VT100
932:Other
896:21068
891:21066
878:Alpha
856:Rigel
416:#
380:VT100
326:Molex
303:LK201
291:VT50s
245:VT100
241:VT241
234:ReGIS
230:VT240
226:VT220
186:VT320
176:VT100
143:LK201
139:Input
120:NVRAM
44:LK201
31:VT220
18:VT240
1468:TU81
1453:RL02
1448:RK05
1443:RA90
1195:MICA
1138:OS/8
991:VT62
986:VT55
974:GT40
968:VT05
868:NVAX
844:CVAX
834:V-11
816:J-11
811:T-11
807:F-11
586:2023
559:2023
453:TECO
301:The
280:CRTs
257:Wyse
212:The
165:DE-9
62:Type
1163:IAS
1118:COS
849:SOC
826:VAX
408:ROM
131:CRT
99:CPU
56:DEC
1658::
576:.
549:.
530:.
309:,
286:.
909:)
905:(
785:,
721:e
714:t
707:v
668:.
588:.
561:.
420:£
81:)
20:)
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