331:
47:
71:
1651:
1643:
1593:
80:
548:
1484:, VX undergoes relatively slow "aging". Aging is a time-dependent side reaction (loss of an alkoxyl group) that occurs on nerve agents after phosphorylation and renders the nerve agent-acetylcholinesterase complex highly resistant to regeneration by any known antidote. Slower aging by VX suggests it should be possible to develop more effective antidotes and treatments.
1771:
635:
1870:
suddenly became pale and delirious. The experiment was immediately terminated to preserve his life. In their conclusion, the researchers estimated that 2.12 μg/kg of VX delivered intravenously over the course of several hours would be the maximum tolerable dosage and that any more would risk death in a human subject.
553:
552:
1750:(mAchRs), so that the buildup of acetylcholine produced by loss of the acetylcholinesterase function has a reduced effect on their target receptor. 2-PAM reactivates the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE), thus reversing the effects of VX. VX and other organophosphates block AChE activity by binding to and
2233:, series 2 episode 5, a dirty bomb using VX is said to have gone off in a 'training exercise'. Artistic license is also used in this story, as VX is described as a gas, with "chlorine bonding" making it "almost indestructible." An incorrect formula is given, showing a diester rather than a thioester.
1475:
The extreme toxicity of VX is partly due to the fact that the inhibitor was designed to be an excellent structural mimic for the transition state of the natural substrate (acetylcholine) of acetylcholinesterase. VX has a very high "on-rate" to react with the target enzyme and form a stable P-O-C bond
1926:
and another AUM member, who sprinkled the nerve agent on his neck. He chased them for about 90 metres (100 yd) before collapsing, dying ten days later without ever coming out of a deep coma. Doctors in the hospital suspected at the time he had been poisoned with an organophosphate pesticide, but the
1359:
of 1993, where production and stockpiling of VX exceeding 100 grams (3.53 oz) per year is outlawed. The only exception is for "research, medical or pharmaceutical purposes outside a single small-scale facility in aggregate quantities not exceeding 10 kg (22 lb) per year per facility".
3608:
Already in 1988, the United
Nations Security Council has been informed of use of toxic weapons by Soviet-supported Cuba in Angola. Belgian toxicologists had certified that residue of chemical weapons—including sarin and VX gas—had been found in plants, water and soil where Cuban troops were alleged
1368:
VX is an odorless and tasteless chiral organophosphorous chemical with a molecular weight of 267.37 g/mol. Under standard conditions it is an amber-coloured liquid with a boiling point of 298 °C (568 °F), and a freezing point of −51 °C (−60 °F). Its density is similar to that of
1869:
Beginning in 1959, the United States Army began volunteer testing of VX in humans. Dr. Van M. Sim underwent an intravenous infusion of VX to evaluate its effects and to establish a baseline for future experimentation. After approximately 3.5 hours following initial administration of the agent, Sim
1719:
When treating VX exposure, primary consideration is given to removal of the liquid agent from the skin, before removal of the individual to an uncontaminated area or atmosphere. After this, the victim is decontaminated by washing the contaminated areas with household bleach and flushing with clean
1491:
to aid in antidote development. The X-ray structures revealed the specific parts of the VX molecule that interact with key residues and sub-sites of the target enzyme. The structural kinetic of phosphorylation followed by aging also showed an unexpected conformational change in the catalytic triad
2093:
began VX stockpile elimination using chemical neutralization in 2005. VX was hydrolyzed to much less toxic byproducts by using concentrated caustic solution, and the resulting waste was then shipped off-site for further processing. Technical and political issues regarding this secondary byproduct
1711:), measuring the concentration of the vapor or aerosol per duration of time exposed, is estimated to be 10–15 mg·min/m for VX at an exposure time of two minutes and a minute-volume of respiration of 15 L (minute-volume of 15 L corresponds to slight physical activity, i.e., slow walking).
1886:. UN toxicologists obtained trace elements of VX from soil, water, and plant samples taken from areas where Cuban troops had recently carried out counter-insurgency operations. Patients demonstrating symptoms of exposure to nerve agents first began appearing in Angolan hospitals around 1984.
1419:(ACh) into the space between the neuron and an adjacent muscle cell, the synaptic cleft. When acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, it stimulates muscle contraction. To avoid a state of constant muscle contraction, the acetylcholine is then broken down (
3956:. Report of the OPCW on the Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction in 2015 (Report). Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. November 30, 2016. p. 42
551:
2124:
into a facility to destroy those chemical weapons. The new facility, which opened in May 2009, has been working on eliminating the nearly 5,400 tonnes (5,950 short tons) of nerve agents held at the former storage complex. However, this facility only held about 14% of
3584:
Cuba's
Pursuit of Biological Weapons: Fact or Fiction? Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps, and Narcotics Affairs of the Committee of Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One hundredth and seventh Congress, Second Session, Jun5 5,
1967:. According to the authorities he was murdered by poisoning with VX which was found on his face. The authorities further reported that one of the women suspected of applying the nerve agent experienced some physical symptoms of VX-poisoning. The director of a non-
1905:
that Iraq had researched VX but had failed to weaponize the agent due to production failure. After U.S. and allied forces invaded Iraq, no VX agent or production facilities were found. However, UNSCOM laboratories detected traces of VX on warhead remnants.
1917:
synthesized 100 to 200 grams (3.5 to 7.1 oz) of VX which was used to attack three people. Two people were injured, and one 28-year-old man died, who was the first victim of VX ever documented in the world at that time. The VX victim, whom
1931:
confessed to the killing. Metabolites of VX such as ethyl methylphosphonate, methylphosphonic acid and diisopropyl-2-(methylthio)ethylamine were later found in samples of the victim's blood seven months after his murder. Unlike the cases for
2077:
released a study finding that the United States had dumped at least 112 tonnes (124 short tons) of VX into the
Atlantic Ocean off the coasts of New York/New Jersey and Florida between 1969 and 1970. This material consisted of nearly 22,000
2017:
In 1969, the U.S. government cancelled its chemical weapons programs, banned the production of VX in the United States, and began the destruction of its stockpiles of agents by a variety of methods. Early disposal included the U.S. Army's
1334:
The danger of VX, in particular, lies in direct exposure to the chemical agent persisting where it was dispersed, and not through its evaporating and being distributed as a vapor; it is not considered a vapor hazard due to its relative
1431:
by AChE. VX blocks the action of AChE, resulting in an accumulation of acetylcholine in the space between the neuron and muscle cell. On a molecular level, this leads to the ongoing stimulation and eventual fatigue of all affected
6348:
3095:
Millard, Charles B; Koellner, Gertraud; Ordentlich, Arie; Shafferman, Avigdor; Silman, Israel; Sussman, Joel L (1999). "Reaction
Products of Acetylcholinesterase and VX Reveal a Mobile Histidine in the Catalytic Triad".
2198:
within the embassy; the protagonist
Daisuke Kambe and two other characters were trapped inside the room after relocating themselves due to security reasons, and figuring out how to escape before the bomb detonates.
1792:(EMPA), a VX hydrolysis product, was measured to confirm exposure in one poisoning victim. There also exist procedures for determination of VX hydrolysis products in urine and of VX adducts to albumin in blood.
2693:
Given favorable weather conditions, the use of persistent agents such as mustard and VX may pose a threat for many days. Such agents can deny or interfere with enemy occupation of terrain or use of equipment
8689:
8678:
2102:
1694:
VX is extremely toxic. The potentially fatal dose is only slightly higher than the dose having any effect at all, and the effects of a fatal dose are so rapid that there is little time for treatment. The
6341:
1858:
for evaluation. After the evaluation was complete, several members of this class of compounds became a new group of nerve agents, the V agents. The best-known of these is probably VX, assigned the UK
9085:
3013:
Ordentlich, Arie; Barak, Dov; Sod-Moriah, Gali; Kaplan, Dana; Mizrahi, Dana; Segall, Yoffi; Kronman, Chanoch; Karton, Yishai; Lazar, Arie; Marcus, Dino; Velan, Baruch; Shafferman, Avigdor (2004).
8490:
6782:
4841:
6828:
4922:
2155:, notably with VX being ascribed corrosive powers it does not possess, permitting an early scene in which a VX victim is shown with his face melting, rather than dying through asphyxiation.
1823:) in November 1952. Further commercial research on similar compounds ceased in 1955 when its lethality to humans was discovered. The U.S. started production of large amounts of VX in 1961 at
6334:
1720:
water, followed by removal of contaminated clothing and further skin decontamination. When possible, decontamination is completed before the casualty is taken for further medical treatment.
1972:
2070:. When the convention entered force, the parties declared worldwide stockpiles of 19,586 tonnes (21,590 short tons) of VX. As of December 2015, 98% of the stockpiles had been destroyed.
2109:, which completed its stockpile destruction activities in March 2012. The Blue Grass Pilot Plant has been plagued by repeated cost over-runs and schedule slippages since its inception.
1703:), the exposure required to kill half of a tested population, as estimated for 70 kg human males via exposure to the skin is reported to be 5–10 mg (0.00035 oz), and the
1678:
Early symptoms of skin contact include local sweating and muscular twitching at the area of exposure, followed by nausea or vomiting. Early symptoms of exposure to VX vapor include
8016:
4679:
902:
1850:. It was subsequently withdrawn, as it was too toxic for safe use. The toxicity did not go unnoticed, and samples of it were sent to the British government research facility at
9111:
8021:
1631:
reactions: cleavage of either the P–O or P–S esters. Although the P–S cleavage is the dominant pathway, the product of P–O bond cleavage is the toxic phosphonic thioester
648:
3123:
Wandhammer, Marielle; Carletti, Eugénie; Van Der Schans, Marcel; Gillon, Emilie; Nicolet, Yvain; Masson, Patrick; Goeldner, Maurice; Noort, Daan; Nachon, Florian (2011).
2098:
1202:
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2416:
1299:
The substance is extremely deadly: VX fatalities occur with exposure to tens of milligram quantities via inhalation or absorption through skin. It is more potent than
554:
8638:
1762:
of AChE; this inactivates AChE and produces an inactive by-product from the remaining portion of the VX molecule. Pralidoxime (2-PAM) removes this phosphate group.
9147:
8684:
3770:
8740:
2039:
1723:
An individual known to have been exposed to a nerve agent, or who exhibits definite signs or symptoms of nerve-agent exposure is generally given the antidotes
3670:
2190:
2106:
380:
2006:(EMPTA), a chemical used in the production of VX which may also have commercial applications. Chemical weapons experts later suggested that the widely used
2304:
3975:
3866:
3595:
2978:
Chen Y (2012). "Organophosphate-induced brain damage: mechanisms, neuropsychiatric and neurological consequences, and potential therapeutic strategies".
9167:
4226:
46:
9137:
3238:
Daniel, Kelly; Kopff, Laura A.; Patterson, Eric V.; et al. (2008). "Computational studies on the solvolysis of the chemical warfare agent VX".
2706:"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. Annex on Chemicals"
1603:
which mix in-flight to form the agent prior to release. Binary VX is referred to as VX2, and is created by mixing QL with sulfur as is done in the
8760:
6973:
2382:
John H, Balszuweit F, Kehe K, Worek F & Thiermann H (2015). "Toxicokinetic
Aspects of Nerve Agents and Vesicants". In Gupta, Ramesh C. (ed.).
6443:
3621:
2170:
3052:
Worek, F; Aurbek, N; Thiermann, H (2007). "Reactivation of organophosphate-inhibited human AChE by combinations of obidoxime and HI 6in vitro".
8663:
8647:
3015:"Stereoselectivity toward VX is Determined by Interactions with Residues of the Acyl Pocket as Well as of the Peripheral Anionic Site of AChE†"
70:
1995:, was bombed by the U.S. in 1998 acting on information that it produced VX and that the origin of the agent was associated with both Iraq and
8054:
3560:
3185:
1195:
1975:
stated that VX fumes would have killed the suspected attackers even if they had been wearing gloves, suggesting that the VX was applied as
1928:
2912:. Washington, DC and Monterey, California: Middlebury Institute of International Studies, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies
1607:. It may also be produced by mixing with sulfur compounds, as with the liquid dimethyl polysulfide mixture (known as NM) in the canceled
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2000:
1960:
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The reaction products of acetylcholinesterase with VX before and after the "aging" reaction were solved in near atomic resolution by
9065:
5069:
5059:
3912:
3315:
1747:
576:
345:
178:
171:
2526:
1260:
VX, short for "venomous agent X", is one of the best known of the V nerve agents and originated from pesticide development work at
6453:
2242:, VX is alluded to as a nerve agent used by the government to contain a pattern which infects and kills humans and other animals.
6948:
4897:
4340:
2494:
1188:
4026:
2721:"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction"
1452:. The prolonged blockade results in flaccid paralysis of all the muscles in the body, and it is such sustained paralysis of the
8847:
6310:
4528:
4057:
2282:
1992:
1176:
1686:(pinpointing of the pupils) may be an early sign of agent exposure but is not usually used as the only indicator of exposure.
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8337:
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5786:
5595:
5349:
4179:
4110:
3399:
3268:
2010:
organophosphate insecticide could have been mistaken for EMPTA. Cuba obtained VX during the 1980s and deployed it during its
1440:
ACh receptors. This results in initial violent contractions, followed by sustained supercontraction restricted to the fluid (
1401:
1373:
value of 2.047, meaning it is relatively hydrophobic with about 100-fold more partitioning into octanol, over water. Its low
4189:
2879:
2835:
2571:
6413:
1866:(VR) coming a close second (Amiton is largely forgotten as VG). The name is a contraction of the words "venomous agent X".
7163:
5781:
5029:
4219:
3508:
3305:
2961:
2705:
1968:
1956:
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1289:
6463:
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2011:
1812:
1280:. VX has been allegedly used in warfare and has been used in several assassinations. The brother of North Korean leader
1261:
288:
6448:
4998:
3648:
1257:
liquid that is amber-like in colour. Because of its low volatility, VX persists in environments where it is dispersed.
9142:
8895:
6958:
5163:
5107:
5101:
5023:
4892:
4455:
2857:
2312:
2253:
Series, VX plays a major role, as it is used by terrorists in an attempt to kill over half of the
British government.
2067:
1910:
1567:
1449:
1356:
1316:
309:
4173:
1623:
nerve agents, VX may be destroyed by reaction with strong nucleophiles. The reaction of VX with concentrated aqueous
6458:
4167:
9172:
8730:
8715:
8203:
7643:
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6297:
6002:
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655:
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1941:
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4952:
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2126:
2117:
1704:
249:
3307:
Chemical
Warfare Agents: Biomedical and Psychological Effects, Medical Countermeasures, and Emergency Response
3175:
3125:"Structural Study of the Complex Stereoselectivity of Human Butyrylcholinesterase for the Neurotoxic V-agents"
562:
9034:
8765:
6418:
5525:
5520:
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program. The program was established as an alternative to the incineration process successfully used by the
2051:
1894:
1608:
1600:
1296:
on
February 13, 2017, by two women. He died while being rushed to hospital approximately 15 minutes later.
8569:
8549:
2168:
attack was a VX attack, prompting the four couples to contemplate a suicide pact, as well as the 2015 film
2022:(Cut Holes And Sink 'Em) program, in which old ships were filled with chemical weapons stockpiles and then
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2090:
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1976:
1824:
1639:
anion (hydroperoxidolysis) leads to exclusive cleavage of the P–S bond and a more rapid overall reaction.
1543:
1445:
1336:
1254:
775:
765:
2325:. "VX components" are displayed as an item for purchase on the computer, which is logged into Araknet, a
1063:
218:
9162:
9106:
9024:
9014:
8755:
8720:
8372:
7756:
7677:
5922:
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5158:
3671:"Intelligence Update: Chemical Warfare Agent Issues Chemical Warfare Issues During the Persian Gulf War"
2681:
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2354:
2339:
2269:
2030:
was filled with 7,380 VX rockets and scuttled in 2,200 m (7,200 ft) of water off the coast of
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1021:
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1922:
had suspected as a spy, was attacked at 7:00 am on
December 12, 1994, on the street in Osaka by
1811:
The chemists Ranajit Ghosh and J. F. Newman discovered the V-series nerve agents at the British firm
1420:
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92:
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4325:
2317:
2055:
1735:. In several nations the nerve agent antidotes are issued for military personnel in the form of an
1563:
1535:
1304:
1276:
in Germany during the 1930s. It is now one of a broader V-series of agents which are classified as
1093:
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1053:
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726:
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Controlled studies in humans have shown that minimally toxic doses cause 70–75% depression of
1320:
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1155:
696:
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2217:
2209:
2194:
features a tear gas bomb with canisters loaded with VX gas and placed inside a cabinet of a
2152:
1987:
Some countries known to possess VX are the United States, Russia, North Korea, and Syria. A
1863:
1839:
1820:
1624:
1620:
1453:
1381:
10 psi) gives it a low volatility, resulting in a high persistence in the environment.
1344:
1324:
1269:
1238:
912:
907:
897:
892:
887:
856:
758:
701:
408:
7098:
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resulted in delays, but the depot completed their VX stockpile destruction in August 2008.
1682:(runny nose) and tightness in the chest with shortness of breath (bronchial constriction).
297:
238:
147:
8842:
8600:
8590:
8585:
8367:
8170:
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5927:
5643:
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5319:
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5221:
4315:
4295:
4138:
4053:
3591:
3464:
Ghosh, R.; Newman, J.E. (January 29, 1955). "A new group of organophosphorus pesticides".
3374:
2308:, the acquisition of VX by terrorists is a major plot point in both versions of the game.
2139:
2019:
1923:
1842:, an earlier investigator of organophosphates, Ghosh found that they were quite effective
1831:
1312:
1246:
992:
675:
8616:
3953:
3905:
Weapons of mass destruction: an encyclopedia of worldwide policy, technology, and history
2522:
2273:(season 1) focuses on a chemical weapons lab in an abandoned hospital, producing VX gas.
198:
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1308:
1035:
928:
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626:
519:
79:
3348:
2749:
2548:
2486:
2137:
One of the best-known references to VX in popular culture is its use in the 1996 film
1731:(2-PAM), and in the case of convulsions an injected sedative or antiepileptic such as
9131:
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8810:
8352:
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8304:
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8175:
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5153:
5079:
4450:
4375:
4300:
3847:"U.S. says North Korea used nerve agent VX to assassinate Kim Jong Un's half-brother"
2720:
2144:
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7571:
7536:
7526:
7521:
7368:
7248:
7153:
7058:
6883:
6693:
6576:
6561:
6228:
6178:
5957:
5947:
5902:
5896:
5866:
5861:
5619:
5530:
5432:
5376:
5339:
5288:
5267:
5216:
5183:
5112:
5074:
5013:
4978:
4876:
4498:
4478:
4350:
4249:
3898:
3793:
2213:
2035:
1948:
1736:
1457:
1412:
1385:
1328:
1307:. On such exposure, these agents severely disrupt the body's signaling between the
1285:
1145:
1130:
1120:
1048:
1005:
770:
3279:
2810:
1531:-(+)-VX (where the "P" subscript highlights that the chirality is at phosphorus).
277:
3583:
2383:
1492:
suggestive of an "induced fit" between the VX molecule and acetylcholinesterase.
1384:
When weaponized, it can be dispersed as a liquid, aerosol or as a mixture with a
9049:
8917:
8800:
8495:
8402:
8342:
8286:
8261:
8231:
8218:
8152:
8142:
8117:
7960:
7798:
7718:
7662:
7556:
7501:
7403:
7168:
7068:
6943:
6898:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6665:
6626:
6571:
6556:
6536:
6521:
6238:
6213:
6168:
6031:
5992:
5856:
5851:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5776:
5695:
5684:
5674:
5386:
5117:
5008:
5003:
4937:
4646:
4636:
4621:
4593:
4575:
4556:
4547:
4439:
4260:
3504:
3332:
2991:
2584:
2184:
1952:
1851:
1801:
1759:
1755:
1740:
1728:
1668:
1604:
1582:
1424:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1234:
1230:
836:
807:
747:
689:
612:
588:
354:
InChI=1S/C11H26NO2PS/c1-7-14-15(6,13)16-9-8-12(10(2)3)11(4)5/h10-11H,7-9H2,1-6H3
3743:
2947:
2615:
2112:
In Russia, the U.S. provided support for these destruction activities with the
1476:(phosphorylation). However, compared with other highly toxic nerve agents like
364:
InChI=1/C11H26NO2PS/c1-7-14-15(6,13)16-9-8-12(10(2)3)11(4)5/h10-11H,7-9H2,1-6H3
8500:
8410:
8357:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8198:
8193:
8185:
8112:
8107:
8063:
7985:
7981:
7713:
7703:
7698:
7611:
7586:
7546:
7541:
7531:
7516:
7457:
7452:
7263:
7123:
7108:
7078:
7053:
7028:
6983:
6978:
6968:
6938:
6908:
6772:
6762:
6707:
6702:
6673:
6650:
6616:
6581:
6566:
6531:
6506:
6360:
6188:
6183:
6163:
6158:
6143:
6138:
6051:
6046:
6022:
5841:
5826:
5821:
5766:
5761:
5443:
5324:
5283:
5277:
5261:
5244:
5238:
5205:
5197:
5138:
4932:
4704:
4610:
4599:
4421:
4415:
3549:
Hawk, Kathleen Dupes; Villella, Ron; Varona, Adolfo Leyva de (July 30, 2014).
2250:
2204:
2175:
2165:
2079:
1679:
1628:
1547:
1514:
1510:
1441:
1433:
1115:
1016:
851:
846:
445:
229:
61:
3722:
3375:"ATSDR - Medical Management Guidelines (MMGs): Nerve Agents (GA, GB, GD, VX)"
2788:
2682:"Chapter 4: The Chemical Warfare Threat and the Military Healthcare Provider"
2623:
2523:"Types of Chemical Weapons: Nerve Agents [Table. Toxicological Data]"
2116:. The Initiative has been able to convert a former chemical weapons depot at
9070:
9039:
8984:
8347:
8324:
8309:
8296:
8281:
8266:
8226:
8208:
8122:
8102:
7824:
7708:
7657:
7566:
7561:
7551:
7393:
7328:
7323:
7313:
7268:
7238:
7233:
7218:
7203:
7173:
7138:
7128:
7033:
6913:
6903:
6893:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6777:
6752:
6717:
6646:
6621:
6591:
6551:
6501:
6283:
6233:
6208:
6198:
6123:
5846:
5836:
5831:
5751:
5731:
5705:
5690:
5628:
5575:
5334:
5272:
5255:
5233:
5210:
4947:
4788:
4581:
4445:
4384:
4310:
3851:
3141:
2388:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. pp. 817–856, esp. 823 .
2195:
2023:
1855:
1843:
1469:
1465:
1437:
1273:
1250:
1106:
3453:(11th ed.). Seal Beach, CA: Biomedical Publications. pp. 2264–65.
3160:
3073:
3038:
2999:
2641:
1889:
There was evidence of a combination of chemical agents having been used by
4170:
at Molecules of the Month, Chemistry IT Centre of the University of Oxford
2935:. European Molecular Biology Laboratory/European Bioinformatics Institute.
2730:. Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). p. 122
9044:
8901:
8890:
8387:
8362:
8314:
8256:
8087:
8082:
7991:
7693:
7626:
7581:
7511:
7479:
7378:
7358:
7348:
7213:
7133:
7063:
7048:
6933:
6928:
6833:
6767:
6712:
6636:
6586:
6516:
6496:
6292:
6193:
6102:
6067:
6012:
5967:
5881:
5791:
5741:
5624:
5613:
5590:
5580:
5560:
5455:
5422:
5416:
5406:
4806:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4409:
4268:
3748:
2326:
2148:
2066:
Worldwide, VX disposal has continued since 1997 under the mandate of the
1996:
1964:
1732:
1724:
1043:
1010:
1000:
974:
969:
964:
794:
789:
741:
575:
568:
561:
534:
4152:
3480:
1927:
cause of death was pinned down only after cult members arrested for the
1770:
9116:
8505:
8480:
8475:
8415:
8392:
8382:
8276:
7728:
7636:
7601:
7373:
7273:
7243:
7228:
7178:
7073:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6963:
6918:
6812:
6807:
6727:
6722:
6596:
6041:
6036:
5746:
5736:
5726:
5721:
5411:
5039:
4957:
4942:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4801:
4709:
4699:
4659:
4654:
4631:
4626:
4360:
3939:
3823:
2349:
2344:
2321:, American soldiers discover a computer used by apparent terrorists in
2277:
2082:, 19 bulk containers holding 640 kg (1,400 lb) each, and one
2007:
1882:
was responsible for deploying VX against Angolan insurgents during the
1830:
The discovery occurred when the chemists were investigating a class of
1655:
1632:
1559:
1555:
1542:
mixture of the two enantiomers. This entails a series of steps whereby
1539:
1428:
1101:
881:
876:
476:
264:
31:
3304:
Lukey, Brian J.; Romano, James A. Jr.; Salem, Harry (April 11, 2019).
3224:
3109:
3030:
2708:. United Nations Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
2188:, has a similar storyline. The fifth episode of the 2020 anime series
17:
8485:
7253:
7043:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6601:
6375:
6259:
5917:
5912:
5700:
4846:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4488:
4290:
4084:"In Siberia, the Death Knell of a Complex Holding a Deadly Stockpile"
3938:. U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency. March 20, 2009. Archived from
3251:
3065:
2322:
1902:
1835:
1683:
1586:
1506:
1405:
1160:
1150:
706:
209:
4027:"U.S. Chemical Weapons Disposal Slippage "No Surprise," Expert Says"
1268:
in England during the early 1950s, based on research first done by
625:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
3789:"What is the VX nerve agent that killed North Korean Kim Jong-nam?"
2460:
8911:
8533:
8430:
8425:
7631:
7353:
7343:
7193:
7088:
6438:
6203:
6118:
6077:
5359:
4763:
4758:
4748:
4587:
4570:
4523:
3211:
Yang, Yu-Chu (1999). "Chemical Detoxification of Nerve Agent VX".
2441:. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health
2058:
with the last of the VX inventory destroyed on December 24, 2008.
1988:
1933:
1846:. In 1954, ICI put one of them on the market under the trade name
1769:
1649:
1641:
1481:
1477:
1460:. Accumulation of acetylcholine in the brain also causes neuronal
1300:
959:
954:
944:
939:
841:
831:
189:
177:
170:
160:
8690:
Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives
4176:—Terrorism: Questions & Answers, Council on Foreign Relations
3503:
Kazuo K. Kimura, Bernard P. McNamara, Van M. Sim (July 1, 1960).
2467:. Interactive Learning Paradigms Incorporated. December 22, 2000
2103:
Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives
2042:
in the North Pacific with other incineration plants following at
2026:. CHASE 8 was conducted on June 15, 1967, in which the steamship
8528:
8523:
5369:
5364:
3331:
Toxicology, National Research Council (US) Committee on (1997).
1890:
1879:
1389:
466:
8620:
8036:
6330:
4208:
3771:
One suspect in Kim Jong Nam murder suffered effects of VX agent
8032:
5756:
5309:
3552:
Florida and the Mariel Boatlift of 1980: The First Twenty Days
3482:
Inside Porton Down: Britain's Secret Weapons Research Facility
2290:
2224:
1999:. The U.S. had obtained soil samples identified as containing
2286:, agent Hannah Wells is killed by VX in season 3, episode 7.
1746:
Atropine blocks a subset of acetylcholine receptors known as
8491:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
6783:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
4842:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
2811:"O-Ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate"
2299:, season 2 episode 9, a VX canister is the main plot point.
2038:
was used for VX stockpile destruction starting in 1990 with
1635:
and both reactions are slow. In contrast, reaction with the
1591:
1343:
due to these physical and biochemical characteristics. As a
314:
7896:
7809:
6829:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
4923:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
3711:"Kim Jong-nam Was Killed by VX Nerve Agent, Malaysians Say"
7865:
3869:[National synthesis of declassified intelligence]
3744:"Kim Jong-nam killing: VX nerve agent 'found on his face'"
2600:"Organophosphorus compounds and oximes: a critical review"
2097:
The remaining VX stockpile in the U.S. was treated by the
3709:
Paddock, Richard C.; Sang-hun, Choe (February 23, 2017).
1973:
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey
546:
8679:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense
2569:
Bethany Halford (September 26, 2016). "Detoxifying VX".
2549:"Nerve Agent VX | U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity"
2525:. Washington, D.C.: Federation of American Scientists .
643:
3695:
Pamela Zurer. "Japanese cult used VX to slay member".
2777:"What Is VX Nerve Agent? A Deadly Weapon, Rarely Seen"
2264:, VX gas is featured and responsible for many deaths.
2182:
on their way to Syria. Also season 5 of the TV series
1253:
research. In its pure form, VX is an oily, relatively
2906:"Dusty Agents and the Iraqi Chemical Weapons Arsenal"
1979:
that would mix to form VX only on the victim's face.
1788:
within several hours of exposure. The serum level of
9112:
Unethical human experimentation in the United States
3276:
DA PAM 385-61. Section 7-8 Self/Buddy Aid Procedures
2598:
Worek, Franz; Thiermann, Horst; Wille, Timo (2020).
2428:
2426:
1585:. Finally, this immediate precursor is reacted with
9094:
9058:
8932:
8875:
8835:
8819:
8783:
8774:
8703:
8654:
8578:
8542:
8514:
8401:
8323:
8295:
8217:
8184:
8161:
8070:
7950:
7854:
7837:
7807:
7766:
7749:
7676:
6472:
6391:
6374:
6247:
6111:
6060:
6021:
5880:
5657:
5604:
5395:
5196:
4971:
4885:
4787:
4734:
4718:
4645:
4555:
4546:
4516:
4497:
4464:
4430:
4383:
4374:
4259:
1878:In 1988, a United Nations inquiry established that
2689:Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare
2667:Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare
2158:Other references to VX are found in the 2012 film
27:Chemical compound and chemical warfare nerve agent
6393:
4134:"Vital sarin antidote missing from gas mask kits"
4111:"Molecular dynamics to combat chemical terrorism"
3867:"Synthèse nationale de renseignement déclassifié"
3777:. February 24, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
2385:Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents
2099:Blue Grass Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant
3609:to have used chemicals against Savimbi's troops.
1415:is stimulated, it releases the neurotransmitter
276:
125:-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate
3451:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
3334:Review of Acute Human-Toxicity Estimates for VX
3269:"US Army Toxic Chemical Agent Safety Standards"
550:
146:
7738:Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above
3263:
3261:
3206:
3204:
2948:"Pathophsyiology of Anticholinesterase Agents"
2899:
2897:
2493:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
2461:"Material Safety Data Sheet: Nerve Agent (VX)"
8741:Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System
8674:U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
8632:
8048:
7678:
6342:
4220:
2653:
2651:
2377:
2375:
2143:, which centers on a threatened VX attack on
2040:Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System
1323:of all the muscles in the body including the
1196:
8:
8017:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
6474:
3894:"EMPTA (O-Ethyl methylphosphonothioic acid)"
3555:. University of Alabama Press. p. 250.
3529:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2680:Takafuji, Ernest T.; Kok, Allart B. (1997).
2415:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2191:The Millionaire Detective Balance: Unlimited
8022:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
7901:Tooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein
7814:Tooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter
7768:
4185:U.S. Army's Chemical Materials Agency (CMA)
3649:"1988: Thousands die in Halabja gas attack"
2329:created by the protagonists of the series.
1901:, including VX. Hussein later testified to
8780:
8639:
8625:
8617:
8055:
8041:
8033:
7870:Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25
7851:
7763:
6388:
6349:
6335:
6327:
4552:
4380:
4227:
4213:
4205:
4054:"Nunn-Lugar Global Cooperation Initiative"
3485:, Michael Mosley, Jonathan Lyle, Rob Evans
3177:Handbook of Chemical and Biological Agents
2946:Rash, John; Elmund, Julie (July 7, 1988).
1203:
1189:
1082:
812:
666:
329:
237:
38:
3903:. In Eric Croddy; James J. Wirtz (eds.).
3628:. Lewiston–Auburn, Maine. August 26, 1988
3505:"Intravenous Administration of VX in Man"
3150:
3140:
2631:
1554:. The resulting material is reacted with
296:
4001:"Depot Confirms VX Stockpile Eliminated"
3907:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 123–24.
3098:Journal of the American Chemical Society
2305:Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield
2260:, the eighth Rizzoli and Isles novel by
2114:Nunn-Lugar Global Cooperation Initiative
1838:of substituted aminoethanethiols). Like
9178:United Kingdom chemical weapons program
8761:Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility
6974:Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate
4025:Schneidmiller, Chris (April 18, 2001).
3544:
3542:
3540:
2371:
1819:-2-diethylaminoethyl phosphonothioate (
1777:R1 = ethyl, R2 = hydrogen, R3 = methyl.
1237:, it was developed for military use in
1129:
1074:
926:
865:
815:
681:
674:
385:
350:
325:
254:
8648:United States chemical weapons program
5108:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
5102:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro)
3522:
2958:Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology
2529:from the original on November 26, 2016
2516:
2514:
2512:
2408:
2164:in which it is revealed that a nearby
2004:-ethyl hydrogen methylphosphonothioate
1951:, half-brother of North Korean leader
593:159 °C (318 °F; 432 K)
501:300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
491:−51 °C (−60 °F; 222 K)
9148:Chemical weapons of the United States
8685:U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity
7164:Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh)
6414:2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
5350:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
3787:McCurry, Justin (February 20, 2017).
1669:Nerve agent § Biological effects
1303:, another nerve agent with a similar
357:Key: JJIUCEJQJXNMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
217:
197:
7:
2967:from the original on April 12, 2022.
2931:McDowall, Jennifer (November 2005).
2267:The second episode of the TV series
2129:, which were stored at seven sites.
1944:), VX was not used for mass murder.
7961:
6464:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
5439:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
4062:USSTRATCOM Center for Combating WMD
4005:U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency
3622:"Cubans using poison gas in Angola"
3511:from the original on March 26, 2017
3180:. New York: CRC Press. p. 47.
1909:In December 1994 and January 1995,
1739:such as the United States military
1264:(ICI). It was developed further at
367:Key: JJIUCEJQJXNMHV-UHFFFAOYAV
267:
119:Ethyl {sulfanyl}(methyl)phosphinate
8791:Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
5055:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
4132:Zion, Ilan Ben (August 29, 2013).
4082:Levy, Clifford J. (May 27, 2009).
2775:Doyle, Gerry (February 24, 2017).
2497:from the original on March 7, 2018
2171:Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation
1961:Kuala Lumpur International Airport
1748:muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
1294:Kuala Lumpur International Airport
435:
25:
6398:Tooltip Choline acetyltransferase
5070:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
5060:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
1646:P–S cleavage (non-toxic products)
9168:Highly-toxic chemical substances
7458:Fasciculins (green mamba toxins)
6949:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
4898:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
4341:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
4153:24 - Day 5: 12:00 p.m.-1:00 p.m.
3337:. National Academies Press (US).
2904:Croddy, Eric (October 1, 2002).
1404:. It blocks the function of the
633:
426:
420:
78:
69:
45:
9138:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
7389:Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)
7114:Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)
6311:List of chemical warfare agents
4529:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
4058:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
3129:Journal of Biological Chemistry
2572:Chemical & Engineering News
2239:Everybody's Gone to the Rapture
2012:military intervention in Angola
1993:Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory
1754:the enzyme via transfer of the
1423:) into the inactive substances
1177:List of chemical warfare agents
629:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
8338:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine
6459:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
3479:Usborne, Tim (June 28, 2016),
3425:"VX Recognition and Treatment"
2174:, in which series protagonist
2107:Army Chemical Materials Agency
1942:the attack on the Tokyo subway
1402:acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
438:
429:
414:
1:
8012:Receptor/signaling modulators
7784:Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine)
7683:Tooltip Butyrylcholinesterase
3697:Chemical and Engineering News
3430:. Physicians for Human Rights
3054:Journal of Applied Toxicology
2658:Sidell, Frederick R. (1997).
1991:pharmaceutical facility, the
1552:methyl phosphonous dichloride
117:-ethyl methylphosphonothioate
104:-ethyl methylphosphonothioate
8848:Operation Davy Jones' Locker
8751:Pine Bluff Chemical Activity
6479:Tooltip Acetylcholinesterase
5382:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
4928:Neopentylene fluorophosphate
4174:Questions and Answers for VX
3873:(in French). August 21, 2013
3820:Council on Foreign Relations
1775:Ethyl methylphosphonic acid.
1599:VX can also be delivered in
1448:and prolonged, depolarizing
1262:Imperial Chemical Industries
8896:Methylphosphonyl difluoride
7773:Tooltip Choline transporter
7719:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
6959:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
6424:4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
6409:1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
5164:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
5024:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
4893:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
3699:. 1998, Vol 76 (no. 35), 7.
3590:(Report) (First ed.).
2992:10.1016/j.neuro.2012.03.011
2585:10.1021/cen-09438-scicon001
2068:Chemical Weapons Convention
1834:compounds (organophosphate
1815:in 1952, patenting diethyl
1790:ethyl methylphosphonic acid
1605:Bigeye aerial chemical bomb
1357:Chemical Weapons Convention
619:7 μg/kg (intravenous, rat)
601:or concentration (LD, LC):
393:O=P(OCC)(SCCN(C(C)C)C(C)C)C
388:CCOP(C)(=O)SCCN(C(C)C)C(C)C
9199:
9153:Diisopropylamino compounds
8731:Edgewood Chemical Activity
8716:Anniston Chemical Activity
7622:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
6429:Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
6003:Hexamethylene diisocyanate
5471:Phenylcarbylamine chloride
4797:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
4196:Decommissioning Surplus VX
4119:Royal Society of Chemistry
3976:"App_Q_Sea_Disposal_final"
3936:"VX Destruction Milestone"
3892:Claudine McCarthy (2005).
3596:Government Printing Office
3400:"Facts About Nerve Agents"
2933:"Acetylcholine Recepetors"
2910:Nuclear Threat Initiative
2616:10.1007/s00204-020-02797-0
2249:, the twelfth book in the
2075:U.S. Department of Defense
1802:Nerve agent § History
1799:
1666:
1349:weapon of mass destruction
1245:of earlier discoveries of
1094:Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
29:
8885:3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
8695:Chemical mortar battalion
8004:
6306:
6266:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
5466:Perchloromethyl mercaptan
4877:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)
4032:Nuclear Threat Initiative
3278:. US Army. Archived from
3174:Ellison, D. Hank (2007).
2956:Colorado State University
2660:"Chapter 5: Nerve Agents"
2178:steals VX nerve gas from
2101:in Kentucky, part of the
2073:In fiscal year 2008, the
2032:Atlantic City, New Jersey
1977:two non-lethal components
1929:Tokyo subway sarin attack
1893:against the Kurds in the
1705:lethal concentration time
1627:results in two competing
1411:(AChE). Normally, when a
1347:, it is categorized as a
1315:, leading to a prolonged
737:Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
732:Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
623:
597:
528:
401:
376:
341:
130:
110:
91:
86:
77:
68:
44:
8669:U.S. Army Chemical Corps
7492:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
5978:Chloroacetophenone oxime
5963:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
5571:Trifluoroacetyl chloride
5481:Tetrachlorodinitroethane
5128:Phosphorus pentachloride
4953:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
2815:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
2220:called "VX Gas Attack".
2127:Russian chemical weapons
1971:research program of the
1862:Purple Possum, with the
1575:-diisopropylaminoethanol
1272:, a chemist working for
727:Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
30:Not to be confused with
9035:XM736 8-inch projectile
8766:Umatilla Chemical Depot
8543:Cholinergic neurotoxins
6669:+glycopyrronium bromide
6262:(variants and mixtures)
5526:Trichloronitrosomethane
5521:Trifluoronitrosomethane
5096:Methyldichlorophosphine
3142:10.1074/jbc.M110.209569
2302:In the 2003 video game
2052:Umatilla Chemical Depot
1895:Halabja chemical attack
1752:covalently inactivating
1658:product is still toxic)
1609:XM736 8-inch projectile
1601:binary chemical weapons
1534:VX is produced via the
1464:, due to activation of
1444:) of the subjunctional
1229:class, specifically, a
1064:Diphenylamincyanoarsine
9030:M687 155 mm projectile
9000:M360 105 mm projectile
8960:M121 155 mm projectile
8955:M110 155 mm projectile
8950:M104 155 mm projectile
8746:Newport Chemical Depot
8726:Deseret Chemical Depot
8664:2nd Chemical Battalion
8657:centers and institutes
6419:3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
6061:Cornea-clouding agents
5551:Phosphorus trichloride
5133:Phosphorus trichloride
4867:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
4321:Phosphorus trifluoride
3647:BBC (March 16, 1988).
3466:Chemistry and Industry
3349:"CDC | Facts About VX"
2750:"CDC | Facts About VX"
2604:Archives of Toxicology
2487:"CDC | Facts About VX"
2216:contains a song about
2091:Newport Chemical Depot
2044:Deseret Chemical Depot
1947:On February 13, 2017,
1825:Newport Chemical Depot
1778:
1758:moiety from VX to the
1659:
1647:
1596:
1544:phosphorus trichloride
1450:neuromuscular blockade
1339:. VX is considered an
1317:neuromuscular blockade
1218:is an extremely toxic
697:Cyanogen chloride (CK)
557:
9183:V-series nerve agents
9107:Dugway sheep incident
9025:M60 105 mm projectile
9015:M44 generator cluster
8756:Pueblo Chemical Depot
8721:Blue Grass Army Depot
8704:Industrial facilities
8570:Hemicholinium mustard
8550:Acetylcholine mustard
8373:Chlorophenylsilatrane
5450:Disulfur decafluoride
5251:Chlorophenylsilatrane
5159:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
3845:Onyanga-Omara, Jane.
2880:"Tx 60 | C11H26NO2PS"
2858:"Tx 60 | C11H26NO2PS"
2836:"Tx 60 | C11H26NO2PS"
2355:List of Rainbow Codes
2340:Dugway sheep incident
2084:M23 chemical landmine
2062:Stockpile elimination
1800:Further information:
1773:
1667:Further information:
1653:
1645:
1595:
1513:atom. The individual
1489:X-ray crystallography
1456:that causes death by
1355:and is banned by the
1076:Incapacitating agents
1022:Disulfur decafluoride
702:Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
556:
9059:Protective equipment
8940:BLU-80/B Bigeye bomb
8827:Operation Ranch Hand
8736:Hawthorne Army Depot
8565:Ethylcholine mustard
7980:Atracotoxins (e.g.,
7607:Tetrahydrocannabinol
6954:Diisopropylphosphate
6255:Methyl fluoroacetate
6083:Methyl cyanoacrylate
5998:Allyl isothiocyanate
5586:Uranium hexafluoride
5541:Dinitrogen tetroxide
5486:Chlorine trifluoride
4534:Selenium oxychloride
4404:Phenyldichloroarsine
4398:Methyldichloroarsine
4336:Nickel tetracarbonyl
3626:The Lewiston Journal
3285:on December 24, 2003
2920:– via NTI.org.
2435:"Substance Name: VX"
1983:Worldwide stockpiles
1674:Symptoms of exposure
1409:acetylcholinesterase
1377:of 0.09 pascals (1.3
1288:, had the substance
539:(fire diamond)
93:Preferred IUPAC name
9010:M43 BZ cluster bomb
8858:Operation Steel Box
8711:Anniston Army Depot
8516:Bicyclic phosphates
8138:Spooky toxin (SsTx)
7966:Tooltip Latrophilin
7668:Trimedoxime bromide
7597:Stercuronium iodide
7414:Tricresyl phosphate
6889:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
5943:Bromobenzyl cyanide
5711:Dimethylheptylpyran
5639:Diphenylcyanoarsine
5634:Diphenylchlorarsine
5566:Methyl vinyl ketone
5491:Perchloryl fluoride
5355:Bicyclic phosphates
5174:Trimethyl phosphite
5123:Phosphoryl chloride
4392:Ethyldichloroarsine
4366:Chloral cyanohydrin
4356:Acetone cyanohydrin
4326:Methyl cyanoformate
4155:, January 30, 2006.
4121:. January 31, 2012.
3826:on January 31, 2009
3752:. February 24, 2017
3669:CIA (May 2, 2007).
2433:Chambers, Michael.
2283:Designated Survivor
2180:Chechen separatists
2147:from the island of
2056:Anniston Army Depot
2028:Cpl. Eric G. Gibson
1396:Mechanism of action
1364:Physical properties
1305:mechanism of action
1131:Riot-control (RCAs)
1059:Diphenylcyanoarsine
1054:Diphenylchlorarsine
785:Phosgene oxime (CX)
670:Part of a series on
453: g·mol
41:
9143:British inventions
9102:CB military symbol
8853:Operation Geranium
8655:Units, formations,
7485:Onchidella binneyi
6827:Organophosphates:
6316:CB military symbol
6174:Enterotoxin type B
6129:Cyclopiazonic acid
6088:N-Methylmorpholine
5983:Ethyl bromoacetate
5461:Ethyl bromoacetate
5428:Perfluoroisobutene
5169:Triethyl phosphite
4440:Levinstein mustard
4331:Iron pentacarbonyl
4200:The New York Times
4180:CDC Facts About VX
4089:The New York Times
3942:on March 27, 2009.
3715:The New York Times
3598:. 2002. p. 22
3449:R. Baselt (2017).
3240:J. Phys. Org. Chem
2781:The New York Times
2521:FAS Staff (2013).
2236:In the video game
2133:In popular culture
2048:Pine Bluff Arsenal
1938:Matsumoto incident
1779:
1697:median lethal dose
1660:
1648:
1597:
1536:transester process
1517:are identified as
1392:thickening agent.
1341:area denial weapon
1290:thrown in his face
1233:. In the class of
656:Infobox references
558:
39:
9173:Phosphonothioates
9125:
9124:
9005:M426 8-inch shell
8990:M23 chemical mine
8871:
8870:
8863:Operation Red Hat
8796:Operation Top Hat
8614:
8613:
8378:Sulfuryl fluoride
8030:
8029:
8000:
7999:
7848:
7833:
7832:
7760:
7745:
7744:
7384:Tetrachlorvinphos
7259:Pirimiphos-methyl
7209:Oxydemeton-methyl
7159:Methyl phenkapton
6385:
6324:
6323:
6134:Histrionicotoxins
6112:Biological toxins
5988:Ethyl iodoacetate
5556:Methyl isocyanate
5516:Selenoyl fluoride
5506:Mercuric chloride
5476:Tetranitromethane
5330:Sulfuryl fluoride
5315:HN3 hydrochloride
5310:HN2 hydrochloride
5305:HN1 hydrochloride
5192:
5191:
5149:Phenacyl chloride
5144:Pinacolyl alcohol
5090:Isopropyl alcohol
5085:4-Hydroxycoumarin
5019:1,8-Dibromooctane
4542:
4541:
4466:Nitrogen mustards
4279:Cyanogen chloride
3562:978-0-8173-1837-6
3404:www.health.ny.gov
3379:www.atsdr.cdc.gov
3353:emergency.cdc.gov
3225:10.1021/ar970154s
3187:978-0-8493-1434-6
3110:10.1021/ja992704i
3031:10.1021/bi0490946
2754:emergency.cdc.gov
2491:emergency.cdc.gov
1884:Angolan Civil War
1321:flaccid paralysis
1223:chemical compound
1213:
1212:
1169:
1168:
1146:Pepper spray (OC)
1006:Chloropicrin (PS)
993:Pulmonary/choking
983:
982:
664:Chemical compound
662:
661:
310:CompTox Dashboard
179:Interactive image
172:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
9190:
9158:Ethoxy compounds
8995:M34 cluster bomb
8945:M1 chemical mine
8781:
8641:
8634:
8627:
8618:
8057:
8050:
8043:
8034:
7967:
7963:
7902:
7898:
7871:
7867:
7852:
7842:
7815:
7811:
7774:
7770:
7764:
7754:
7684:
7680:
7648:Asoxime chloride
7224:Parathion-methyl
6924:Demeton-S-methyl
6480:
6476:
6399:
6395:
6389:
6379:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6328:
6298:White phosphorus
6275:post-combustion
6271:Depleted uranium
6098:Osmium tetroxide
5973:Phenacyl bromide
5536:Nitrogen dioxide
5511:Selenium dioxide
5501:Cadmium chloride
4958:Dimefox (TL-792)
4553:
4381:
4306:Hydrogen sulfide
4285:Hydrogen cyanide
4274:Cyanogen bromide
4240:chemical warfare
4229:
4222:
4215:
4206:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3902:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3822:. Archived from
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3784:
3778:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3706:
3700:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3677:on June 13, 2007
3673:. Archived from
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3589:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3546:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3273:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3252:10.1002/poc.1333
3235:
3229:
3228:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3154:
3144:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3066:10.1002/jat.1241
3049:
3043:
3042:
3025:(35): 11255–65.
3010:
3004:
3003:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2952:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2901:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2725:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2669:. p. 142ff.
2664:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2610:(7): 2275–2292.
2595:
2589:
2588:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2518:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2379:
2218:chemical weapons
2153:artistic license
2151:. The film uses
1840:Gerhard Schrader
1766:Diagnostic tests
1625:sodium hydroxide
1621:organophosphorus
1538:, which gives a
1454:diaphragm muscle
1380:
1369:water. It has a
1313:muscular systems
1270:Gerhard Schrader
1239:chemical warfare
1227:organophosphorus
1205:
1198:
1191:
1083:
837:Chlorosarin (GC)
813:
759:Nitrogen mustard
752:
667:
646:
640:
637:
636:
578:
571:
564:
549:
452:
440:
437:
431:
428:
422:
416:
409:Chemical formula
334:
333:
318:
316:
300:
280:
269:
258:
241:
221:
201:
181:
174:
150:
82:
73:
49:
42:
21:
9198:
9197:
9193:
9192:
9191:
9189:
9188:
9187:
9128:
9127:
9126:
9121:
9090:
9054:
8928:
8867:
8843:Operation CHASE
8831:
8815:
8776:
8770:
8699:
8656:
8650:
8645:
8615:
8610:
8591:Dimethylmercury
8586:Dimethylcadmium
8574:
8560:Choline mustard
8538:
8510:
8397:
8368:Phenylsilatrane
8319:
8291:
8213:
8180:
8171:Botulinum toxin
8157:
8066:
8061:
8031:
8026:
7996:
7965:
7946:
7906:Botulinum toxin
7900:
7875:Botulinum toxin
7869:
7841:
7829:
7813:
7803:
7789:Triethylcholine
7772:
7753:
7741:
7682:
7672:
7592:Rosmarinic acid
7359:Sulfotep (TEDP)
7029:Ethylsarin (GE)
6909:Cyclosarin (GF)
6879:Chlorfenvinphos
6869:Carbophenothion
6849:Azinphos-methyl
6478:
6468:
6434:Acryloylcholine
6397:
6378:
6370:
6355:
6325:
6320:
6302:
6243:
6154:Botulinum toxin
6107:
6056:
6017:
5928:Benzyl chloride
5883:
5876:
5660:
5653:
5644:Cacodyl cyanide
5606:Vomiting agents
5600:
5398:
5391:
5300:Dimethylmercury
5222:Botulinum toxin
5188:
4967:
4881:
4783:
4736:Novichok agents
4730:
4714:
4641:
4538:
4512:
4493:
4460:
4432:Sulfur mustards
4426:
4370:
4316:Carbon monoxide
4296:Cacodyl cyanide
4255:
4254:
4238:Agents used in
4233:
4198:– Article from
4164:
4159:
4151:
4147:
4139:Times of Israel
4131:
4130:
4126:
4115:Chemistry World
4109:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3981:. denix.osd.mil
3978:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3753:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3694:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3601:
3599:
3592:Washington D.C.
3587:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3548:
3547:
3538:
3521:
3514:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3488:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3135:(19): 16783–9.
3122:
3121:
3117:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2980:Neurotoxicology
2977:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2691:. p. 123.
2684:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2407:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2335:
2161:It's a Disaster
2135:
2064:
1985:
1924:Tomomitsu Niimi
1911:Masami Tsuchiya
1876:
1874:Use as a weapon
1864:Russian V-Agent
1832:organophosphate
1809:
1804:
1798:
1768:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1692:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:Medical aspects
1617:
1564:transesterified
1562:. This is then
1530:
1523:
1503:
1498:
1398:
1378:
1366:
1345:chemical weapon
1327:, and death by
1247:organophosphate
1231:thiophosphonate
1209:
1165:
1125:
1111:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1038:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1017:Diphosgene (DP)
1013:
995:
985:
984:
979:
929:Novichok agents
922:
861:
852:Cyclosarin (GF)
847:Ethylsarin (GE)
810:
800:
799:
781:
780:
761:
754:
751:(HD H HT HL HQ)
750:
749:
722:
712:
711:
692:
676:Chemical agents
665:
658:
653:
652:
651: ?)
642:
638:
634:
630:
616:
610:
583:
582:
581:
580:
573:
566:
559:
555:
547:
450:
434:
425:
419:
411:
397:
394:
389:
384:
383:
372:
369:
368:
365:
359:
358:
355:
349:
348:
337:
319:
312:
303:
283:
270:
244:
224:
204:
184:
164:
153:
140:
126:
120:
118:
106:
105:
64:
58:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9196:
9194:
9186:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9130:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9098:
9096:
9095:Related topics
9092:
9091:
9089:
9088:
9083:
9081:People sniffer
9078:
9073:
9068:
9062:
9060:
9056:
9055:
9053:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8936:
8934:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8926:
8921:
8915:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8893:
8888:
8881:
8879:
8873:
8872:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8839:
8837:
8833:
8832:
8830:
8829:
8823:
8821:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8787:
8785:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8707:
8705:
8701:
8700:
8698:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8660:
8658:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8644:
8643:
8636:
8629:
8621:
8612:
8611:
8609:
8608:
8606:Tetraethyllead
8603:
8598:
8596:Toxopyrimidine
8593:
8588:
8582:
8580:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8546:
8544:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8520:
8518:
8512:
8511:
8509:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8421:Novichok agent
8418:
8413:
8407:
8405:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8329:
8327:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8301:
8299:
8293:
8292:
8290:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8223:
8221:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8190:
8188:
8182:
8181:
8179:
8178:
8173:
8167:
8165:
8159:
8158:
8156:
8155:
8150:
8148:Zetekitoxin AB
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8074:
8072:
8068:
8067:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8052:
8045:
8037:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8005:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7994:
7989:
7974:
7973:
7956:
7954:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7944:
7941:γ-bungarotoxin
7937:β-bungarotoxin
7926:
7925:
7891:
7890:
7860:
7858:
7849:
7835:
7834:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7818:
7816:
7805:
7804:
7802:
7801:
7792:
7791:
7786:
7777:
7775:
7761:
7747:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7687:
7685:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7640:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7495:
7494:
7489:
7477:
7455:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7199:Novichok agent
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7119:Isofluorophate
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6874:Chlorethoxyfos
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6844:Azinphos-ethyl
6841:
6836:
6831:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6684:Pyridostigmine
6681:
6676:
6671:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6483:
6481:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6402:
6400:
6386:
6372:
6371:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6331:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6277:uranium oxides
6268:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6028:
6026:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6008:Crotonaldehyde
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5933:Benzyl bromide
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5886:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5872:Chlorpromazine
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5665:
5663:
5659:Incapacitating
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5622:
5617:
5610:
5608:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5546:Sulfur dioxide
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5447:
5441:
5436:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5401:
5399:choking agents
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5295:Tetraethyllead
5292:
5286:
5281:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5231:
5225:
5219:
5214:
5208:
5202:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4999:A.P.C. complex
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4710:V-sub x (GD-7)
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4568:
4561:
4559:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4507:Phosgene oxime
4503:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4436:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4378:
4376:Blister agents
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4346:Glycolonitrile
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4245:incapacitation
4242:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4193:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4163:
4162:External links
4160:
4158:
4157:
4145:
4124:
4102:
4074:
4045:
4017:
3992:
3967:
3945:
3927:
3913:
3884:
3858:
3837:
3807:
3779:
3763:
3735:
3701:
3688:
3661:
3639:
3613:
3575:
3561:
3536:
3495:
3471:
3456:
3441:
3416:
3391:
3366:
3355:. May 16, 2019
3340:
3323:
3316:
3296:
3257:
3230:
3213:Acc. Chem. Res
3200:
3186:
3166:
3115:
3104:(42): 9883–4.
3087:
3044:
3005:
2986:(3): 391–400.
2970:
2938:
2923:
2893:
2871:
2849:
2827:
2801:
2767:
2756:. May 16, 2019
2741:
2711:
2697:
2672:
2647:
2590:
2561:
2540:
2508:
2478:
2452:
2422:
2395:978-0128004944
2394:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2360:Novichok agent
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2262:Tess Gerritsen
2134:
2131:
2063:
2060:
1984:
1981:
1899:Saddam Hussein
1897:in 1988 under
1875:
1872:
1808:
1805:
1797:
1794:
1786:cholinesterase
1767:
1764:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1691:
1688:
1675:
1672:
1664:
1661:
1654:P-O cleavage (
1616:
1613:
1528:
1521:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1468:receptors and
1462:excitotoxicity
1397:
1394:
1375:vapor pressure
1365:
1362:
1353:United Nations
1337:non-volatility
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1003:
997:
996:
991:
990:
987:
986:
981:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
936:
933:
932:
924:
923:
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
873:
870:
869:
863:
862:
860:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
823:
820:
819:
811:
806:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
779:
778:
773:
768:
762:
757:
755:
746:
744:
739:
734:
729:
723:
718:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
704:
699:
693:
688:
687:
684:
683:
679:
678:
672:
671:
663:
660:
659:
654:
632:
631:
627:standard state
624:
621:
620:
617:
608:
606:
603:
602:
595:
594:
591:
585:
584:
574:
567:
560:
545:
544:
543:
542:
540:
531:
530:
526:
525:
522:
520:Vapor pressure
516:
515:
512:
503:
502:
499:
493:
492:
489:
483:
482:
479:
473:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
455:
454:
448:
442:
441:
432:
423:
417:
412:
407:
404:
403:
399:
398:
396:
395:
392:
390:
387:
379:
378:
377:
374:
373:
371:
370:
366:
363:
362:
360:
356:
353:
352:
344:
343:
342:
339:
338:
336:
335:
327:DTXSID80866161
322:
320:
308:
305:
304:
302:
301:
293:
291:
285:
284:
282:
281:
273:
271:
263:
260:
259:
252:
246:
245:
243:
242:
234:
232:
226:
225:
223:
222:
214:
212:
206:
205:
203:
202:
194:
192:
186:
185:
183:
182:
175:
167:
165:
158:
155:
154:
152:
151:
143:
141:
136:
133:
132:
128:
127:
112:
108:
107:
96:
95:
89:
88:
84:
83:
75:
74:
66:
65:
56:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9195:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9099:
9097:
9093:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9057:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8931:
8925:
8922:
8919:
8916:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8886:
8883:
8882:
8880:
8878:
8874:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8840:
8838:
8834:
8828:
8825:
8824:
8822:
8818:
8812:
8811:Operation LAC
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8782:
8779:
8773:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8708:
8706:
8702:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8653:
8649:
8642:
8637:
8635:
8630:
8628:
8623:
8622:
8619:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8583:
8581:
8577:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8541:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8517:
8513:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8404:
8400:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8353:Methamidophos
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8333:Fenpropathrin
8331:
8330:
8328:
8326:
8322:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8305:Ibotenic acid
8303:
8302:
8300:
8298:
8294:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8272:Oenanthotoxin
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8220:
8216:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8191:
8189:
8187:
8183:
8177:
8176:Tetanospasmin
8174:
8172:
8169:
8168:
8166:
8164:
8160:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8098:Charybdotoxin
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8078:Batrachotoxin
8076:
8075:
8073:
8071:Animal toxins
8069:
8065:
8058:
8053:
8051:
8046:
8044:
8039:
8038:
8035:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8007:
8006:
8003:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7983:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7972:
7969:
7964:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7953:
7949:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7933:Bungarotoxins
7931:
7928:
7927:
7923:
7919:
7915:
7911:
7907:
7904:
7903:inactivators:
7899:
7893:
7892:
7888:
7884:
7880:
7876:
7873:
7872:inactivators:
7868:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7857:
7853:
7850:
7846:
7840:
7836:
7826:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7812:
7806:
7800:
7797:
7794:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7771:
7765:
7762:
7758:
7752:
7748:
7737:
7735:
7734:ZINC-12613047
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7681:
7675:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7577:Lactucopicrin
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7493:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7409:Trichloronate
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7184:Monocrotophos
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7149:Methamidophos
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7024:Echothiophate
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6825:Irreversible:
6823:
6822:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6689:Quilostigmine
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6679:Physostigmine
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:; Stigmines:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6547:Chloropropham
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6396:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6358:Acetylcholine
6352:
6347:
6345:
6340:
6338:
6333:
6332:
6329:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6288:its compounds
6285:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6224:Tetanospasmin
6222:
6220:
6219:T-2 mycotoxin
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6149:Batrachotoxin
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6110:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6093:Allyl alcohol
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5953:Chloroacetone
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5938:Benzyl iodide
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5892:Xylyl bromide
5890:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5680:Butyrophenone
5678:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5649:o-Dianisidine
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5496:Cadmium oxide
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:Batrachotoxin
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5228:Tetanospasmin
5226:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4499:Nettle agents
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4301:Cacodyl oxide
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4230:
4225:
4223:
4218:
4216:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4128:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4078:
4075:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4021:
4018:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3916:
3914:1-85109-490-3
3910:
3906:
3900:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3841:
3838:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3662:
3650:
3643:
3640:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3576:
3564:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3442:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3327:
3324:
3319:
3317:9780429632969
3313:
3310:. CRC Press.
3309:
3308:
3300:
3297:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3246:(4): 321–28.
3245:
3241:
3234:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3219:(2): 109–15.
3218:
3214:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2949:
2942:
2939:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2768:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2729:
2722:
2719:OPCW (2005).
2715:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2579:(38): 10–11.
2578:
2574:
2573:
2565:
2562:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:Aleppo, Syria
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2145:San Francisco
2142:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2122:Kurgan Oblast
2119:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:proliferation
1966:
1962:
1958:
1955:, died after
1954:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1920:Shoko Asahara
1916:
1915:Aum Shinrikyo
1912:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1803:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1698:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1670:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:hydroperoxide
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1524:-(−)-VX, and
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:acetylcholine
1414:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:Xylyl bromide
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Agent 15 (BZ)
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:Phosgene (CG)
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
989:
988:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
935:
934:
931:
930:
925:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
872:
871:
868:
864:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
821:
818:
814:
809:
804:
803:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
760:
756:
753:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
716:
715:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
691:
686:
685:
682:Lethal agents
680:
677:
673:
669:
668:
657:
650:
645:
628:
622:
618:
614:
605:
604:
600:
596:
592:
590:
587:
586:
579:
572:
565:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
527:
523:
521:
518:
517:
513:
511:
510:
505:
504:
500:
498:
497:Boiling point
495:
494:
490:
488:
487:Melting point
485:
484:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
468:
465:
464:
461:amber liquid
460:
457:
456:
449:
447:
444:
443:
413:
410:
406:
405:
400:
391:
386:
382:
375:
361:
351:
347:
340:
332:
328:
324:
323:
321:
311:
307:
306:
299:
295:
294:
292:
290:
287:
286:
279:
275:
274:
272:
266:
262:
261:
257:
253:
251:
248:
247:
240:
236:
235:
233:
231:
228:
227:
220:
216:
215:
213:
211:
208:
207:
200:
196:
195:
193:
191:
188:
187:
180:
176:
173:
169:
168:
166:
162:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
142:
139:
135:
134:
129:
124:
116:
109:
103:
99:
94:
90:
85:
81:
76:
72:
67:
63:
60:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
9163:Ethyl esters
8980:M139 bomblet
8975:M138 bomblet
8970:M134 bomblet
8965:M125 bomblet
8923:
8806:Project SHAD
8777:and projects
8465:
8403:Nerve agents
8219:Plant toxins
8133:Vanillotoxin
8128:Tetrodotoxin
8093:Bungarotoxin
7977:
7971:α-Latrotoxin
7959:
7929:
7894:
7863:
7821:
7795:
7780:
7724:Rivastigmine
7690:
7644:Reactivators
7617:Ungiminorine
7572:Kobophenol A
7537:Coronaridine
7527:Bulbocapnine
7522:Arisugacin A
7498:
7483:
7448:
7369:Tebupirimfos
7249:Phosphamidon
7154:Methidathion
7059:Fenitrothion
6884:Chlorpyrifos
6824:
6699:Terestigmine
6694:Rivastigmine
6656:Eptastigmine
6607:Phenmedipham
6577:Formparanate
6562:Ethiofencarb
6495:Carbamates:
6492:
6486:
6405:
6229:Tetrodotoxin
6179:Grayanotoxin
5958:Bromoacetone
5948:Thiophosgene
5903:Mace (spray)
5897:Pepper spray
5882:Lachrymatory
5867:Fluphenazine
5862:Procarbazine
5772:Sleeping gas
5620:Chloropicrin
5531:Nitric oxide
5433:Chloropicrin
5377:Cloflubicyne
5340:Oxotremorine
5289:Antillatoxin
5268:Tetrodotoxin
5217:Bungarotoxin
5113:Nitromethane
5075:Formaldoxime
5014:Cyclohexanol
4979:Acetonitrile
4726:GV (EA-5365)
4694:
4548:Nerve agents
4351:Lactonitrile
4261:Blood agents
4250:riot control
4199:
4190:VX Factsheet
4148:
4137:
4127:
4114:
4105:
4093:. Retrieved
4087:
4077:
4065:. Retrieved
4048:
4036:. Retrieved
4030:
4020:
4008:. Retrieved
3995:
3985:September 7,
3983:. Retrieved
3970:
3958:. Retrieved
3948:
3940:the original
3930:
3920:February 21,
3918:. Retrieved
3904:
3899:Google Books
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3861:
3850:
3840:
3828:. Retrieved
3824:the original
3810:
3800:February 25,
3798:. Retrieved
3794:The Guardian
3792:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3756:February 24,
3754:. Retrieved
3747:
3738:
3728:February 24,
3726:. Retrieved
3714:
3704:
3696:
3691:
3679:. Retrieved
3675:the original
3664:
3652:. Retrieved
3642:
3630:. Retrieved
3625:
3616:
3607:
3600:. Retrieved
3578:
3566:. Retrieved
3551:
3513:. Retrieved
3498:
3487:, retrieved
3481:
3474:
3465:
3459:
3450:
3444:
3434:December 14,
3432:. Retrieved
3419:
3409:December 22,
3407:. Retrieved
3403:
3394:
3384:December 22,
3382:. Retrieved
3378:
3369:
3359:December 22,
3357:. Retrieved
3352:
3343:
3333:
3326:
3306:
3299:
3289:December 15,
3287:. Retrieved
3280:the original
3275:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3216:
3212:
3193:February 21,
3191:. Retrieved
3176:
3169:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3060:(6): 582–8.
3057:
3053:
3047:
3022:
3019:Biochemistry
3018:
3008:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2954:
2941:
2926:
2914:. Retrieved
2909:
2884:. Retrieved
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2852:
2840:. Retrieved
2830:
2818:. Retrieved
2814:
2804:
2792:. Retrieved
2780:
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2753:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2727:
2714:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2675:
2666:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2499:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2464:
2455:
2445:February 24,
2443:. Retrieved
2438:
2399:. Retrieved
2384:
2316:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2294:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2256:In the book
2255:
2246:
2245:In the book
2244:
2237:
2235:
2228:
2222:
2214:Skinny Puppy
2203:
2201:
2189:
2183:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2138:
2136:
2111:
2096:
2088:
2072:
2065:
2036:Incineration
2027:
2016:
2001:
1986:
1949:Kim Jong-nam
1946:
1908:
1888:
1877:
1868:
1860:Rainbow Code
1847:
1829:
1816:
1810:
1780:
1774:
1745:
1737:autoinjector
1722:
1718:
1693:
1677:
1618:
1598:
1589:to form VX.
1572:
1568:
1533:
1525:
1518:
1504:
1486:
1474:
1458:asphyxiation
1413:motor neuron
1399:
1383:
1367:
1333:
1329:asphyxiation
1298:
1286:Kim Jong Nam
1278:nerve agents
1259:
1255:non-volatile
1249:toxicity in
1235:nerve agents
1215:
1214:
1121:Sleeping gas
1049:Chloropicrin
927:
917:
866:
816:
742:Lewisite (L)
598:
535:
508:
481:1.0083 g cm
219:ChEMBL483105
199:CHEBI:136185
131:Identifiers
122:
114:
111:Other names
101:
97:
53:
52:
36:
9086:M1135 NBCRV
9050:Weteye bomb
8918:Mustard gas
8820:Operational
8801:Project 112
8555:Catecholine
8496:Fluorotabun
8343:Bromethalin
8287:Veratridine
8262:Ginkgotoxin
8232:Bicuculline
8186:Cyanotoxins
8153:Dendrotoxin
8143:Epibatidine
8118:Poneratoxin
8064:Neurotoxins
7822:Inhibitors:
7799:Coluracetam
7781:Inhibitors:
7751:Transporter
7691:Inhibitors:
7663:Pralidoxime
7557:Cyclanoline
7507:α-Viniferin
7404:Trichlorfon
7169:Metrifonate
7084:Fosthiazate
7069:Fluorotabun
6944:Dicrotophos
6899:Crotylsarin
6743:Huperzine A
6738:Galantamine
6733:Edrophonium
6666:Neostigmine
6661:Ganstigmine
6627:Propamocarb
6572:Formetanate
6557:Ethienocarb
6537:Carbosulfan
6527:Carbetamide
6522:Carbendazim
6493:Reversible:
6406:Inhibitors:
6239:Veratridine
6214:Shiga toxin
6169:Domoic acid
6032:Thioacetone
5993:Iodoacetone
5857:Pentazocine
5852:Sevoflurane
5817:CAR-302,668
5812:CAR-302,282
5807:CAR-302,196
5802:CAR-301,060
5797:CAR-226,086
5777:Carfentanil
5675:Apomorphine
5596:Green Cross
5387:Domoic acid
5198:Neurotoxins
5118:OPA mixture
5009:Chlorosoman
5004:Chlorosarin
4938:Phospholine
4637:Crotylsarin
4622:Fluorotabun
4594:Chlorosoman
4576:Chlorosarin
4038:October 11,
3877:December 1,
3681:October 22,
3568:October 11,
2554:November 4,
2471:October 25,
2080:M55 rockets
1953:Kim Jong-un
1852:Porton Down
1783:erythrocyte
1760:active site
1756:phosphonate
1741:Mark I NAAK
1729:pralidoxime
1619:Like other
1583:phosphonite
1577:to produce
1550:to produce
1515:enantiomers
1425:acetic acid
1282:Kim Jong Un
1266:Porton Down
1243:translation
748:Mustard gas
707:Arsine (SA)
613:median dose
599:Lethal dose
589:Flash point
458:Appearance
402:Properties
100:-{2-ethyl}
9132:Categories
9020:M55 rocket
8775:Operations
8681:(USAMRICD)
8501:Chinese VX
8411:Cyclosarin
8358:Endosulfan
8325:Pesticides
8297:Mycotoxins
8247:Strychnine
8242:Picrotoxin
8237:Penitrem A
8199:Guanitoxin
8194:Anatoxin-a
8113:Huwentoxin
8108:Fasciculin
7986:versutoxin
7982:robustoxin
7856:Inhibitors
7845:modulators
7796:Enhancers:
7757:modulators
7714:Ladostigil
7704:Conodurine
7699:Affinisine
7612:Ungeremine
7587:Phosacetim
7547:Corynoline
7542:Corydaline
7532:Conodurine
7517:Affinisine
7453:Demecarium
7451:; Others:
7364:Tabun (GA)
7354:Soman (GD)
7344:Sarin (GB)
7264:Profenofos
7124:Isoxathion
7109:Guanitoxin
7079:Formothion
7054:Fenamiphos
6984:Disulfoton
6979:Dioxathion
6969:Dimethoate
6939:Dichlorvos
6773:Ladostigil
6763:Ipidacrine
6708:Ambenonium
6703:Acotiamide
6701:; Others:
6674:Phenserine
6651:Distigmine
6642:Thiodicarb
6617:Pirimicarb
6582:Methiocarb
6567:Fenobucarb
6542:Chlorbufam
6532:Carbofuran
6507:Bendiocarb
6488:Inhibitors
6382:modulators
6368:modulators
6361:metabolism
6189:Maitotoxin
6184:Guanitoxin
6164:Ciguatoxin
6159:Brevetoxin
6144:Anatoxin-a
6139:Aflatoxins
6052:Putrescine
6047:Cadaverine
6023:Malodorant
5842:Isoflurane
5827:Desflurane
5822:Benperidol
5767:Psilocybin
5762:PAVA spray
5444:Diphosgene
5397:Pulmonary/
5325:Picrotoxin
5284:Strychnine
5278:Brevetoxin
5262:Maitotoxin
5245:Guanitoxin
5239:Ciguatoxin
5206:Anatoxin-a
5139:Pinacolone
4972:Precursors
4933:Selenophos
4789:Carbamates
4705:Chinese VX
4611:Cyclosarin
4600:Ethylsarin
4571:Sarin (GB)
4422:Lewisite 3
4416:Lewisite 2
4385:Arsenicals
4192:at CBWInfo
4010:January 7,
2734:August 26,
2439:ChemIDplus
2367:References
2251:Alex Rider
2247:Nightshade
2210:industrial
2205:VIVIsectVI
2202:The album
2176:Ethan Hunt
2166:dirty bomb
1957:an assault
1844:pesticides
1690:Toxicology
1680:rhinorrhea
1629:solvolysis
1615:Solvolysis
1581:, a mixed
1558:to form a
1548:methylated
1511:phosphorus
1442:sarcoplasm
1434:muscarinic
1421:hydrolysed
1116:PAVA spray
842:Soman (GD)
832:Sarin (GB)
827:Tabun (GA)
471:odourless
446:Molar mass
298:9A4381183B
230:ChemSpider
159:3D model (
148:50782-69-9
138:CAS Number
62:enantiomer
9040:MC-1 bomb
8985:M2 mortar
8933:Munitions
8348:Crimidine
8310:Muscarine
8282:Volkensin
8267:Cicutoxin
8227:Aconitine
8209:Saxitoxin
8163:Bacterial
8123:Saxitoxin
8103:Conotoxin
7968:agonists:
7952:Enhancers
7825:Vesamicol
7709:Cymserine
7658:Obidoxime
7653:Methoxime
7567:Harmaline
7562:Cymserine
7552:Crimidine
7499:Unsorted:
7394:Triazofos
7334:Ro 3-0433
7329:Ro 3-0422
7324:Ro 3-0419
7319:Ro 3-0417
7314:Ro 3-0412
7309:Ro 3-0411
7304:Ro 3-0397
7299:Ro 3-0352
7294:Ro 3-0351
7289:Ro 3-0347
7284:Ro 3-0346
7279:Ro 3-0340
7269:Prothoate
7239:Phosfolan
7234:Phosalone
7219:Parathion
7204:Omethoate
7174:Mevinphos
7139:Malathion
7129:Leptophos
7034:Endothion
6914:Demephion
6904:Cyanophos
6894:Coumaphos
6864:Cadusafos
6859:Bensulide
6854:BAY-29952
6818:Zanapezil
6778:Minaprine
6758:Huprine Y
6753:Huprine X
6748:Huprine W
6718:Donepezil
6647:Thiofanox
6622:Promecarb
6612:Pinmicarb
6592:Metolcarb
6552:Dimetilan
6512:Bufencarb
6502:Aminocarb
6454:CM-54,903
6365:transport
6284:Plutonium
6234:Volkensin
6209:Saxitoxin
6199:Palytoxin
6124:Aconitine
5847:Halothane
5837:Bufotenin
5832:Enflurane
5752:Kolokol-1
5732:Pethidine
5706:Etoxadrol
5691:Etorphine
5687:(CS-4640)
5671:(CS-4030)
5629:glycerine
5576:Salcomine
5335:Tremorine
5273:Aconitine
5256:Palytoxin
5234:Ryanodine
5211:Saxitoxin
4948:Ro 3-0422
4719:GV agents
4582:Thiosarin
4311:Phosphine
3954:"Annex 3"
3852:USA TODAY
3723:0362-4331
3602:March 28,
3515:March 25,
3489:March 20,
2916:March 22,
2886:April 13,
2882:. PubChem
2864:April 13,
2860:. PubChem
2842:April 13,
2838:. PubChem
2820:April 27,
2809:PubChem.
2794:April 27,
2789:0362-4331
2760:April 27,
2624:0340-5761
2533:March 22,
2501:March 20,
2411:cite book
2401:March 22,
2270:Seal Team
2196:safe room
2118:Shchuchye
1936:gas (the
1856:Wiltshire
1807:Discovery
1715:Treatment
1611:program.
1501:Synthesis
1496:Chemistry
1472:release.
1470:glutamate
1466:nicotinic
1438:nicotinic
1400:VX is an
1325:diaphragm
1274:IG Farben
1251:pesticide
1220:synthetic
1156:CN (mace)
1107:Kolokol-1
9045:M47 bomb
8902:Phosgene
8891:Chlorine
8836:Disposal
8784:Research
8388:Schradan
8363:Fipronil
8315:Muscimol
8257:Rotenone
8088:Birtoxin
8083:Bestoxin
8008:See also
7992:Crotoxin
7694:Affinine
7627:BW284C51
7582:Lycorine
7512:Affinine
7502:α-Pinene
7480:Onchidal
7399:Tribufos
7379:Terbufos
7349:Schradan
7214:Paraoxon
7134:Malaoxon
7064:Fenthion
7049:Ethoprop
6934:Diazinon
6929:Dialifor
6834:Acephate
6768:Itopride
6713:Caffeine
6637:Propoxur
6587:Methomyl
6517:Carbaryl
6497:Aldicarb
6293:Polonium
6194:Modeccin
6103:Acrolein
6068:Lewisite
6013:DRC-5593
5968:Acrolein
5792:CS-27349
5742:Ibogaine
5625:Litharge
5614:Adamsite
5591:Diborane
5581:Fluomine
5561:Ethenone
5456:Acrolein
5423:Fluorine
5417:Phosgene
5407:Chlorine
4807:EA-3887A
4779:C01-A042
4774:C01-A039
4769:C01-A035
4647:V-agents
4557:G-agents
4442:(EA-229)
4410:Lewisite
4269:Cyanogen
4095:April 9,
3960:March 8,
3901:excerpt)
3830:June 12,
3775:The Star
3749:BBC News
3654:March 1,
3632:July 28,
3525:cite web
3509:Archived
3161:21454498
3082:23783538
3074:17370251
3039:15366935
3000:22498093
2962:Archived
2728:OPCW.org
2642:32506210
2527:Archived
2495:Archived
2465:ilpi.com
2333:See also
2327:dark web
2296:MacGyver
2258:Ice Cold
2149:Alcatraz
2140:The Rock
2024:scuttled
1997:Al Qaeda
1989:Sudanese
1965:Malaysia
1821:agent VG
1733:diazepam
1725:atropine
1446:endplate
1044:Adamsite
1036:Vomiting
1001:Chlorine
975:C01-A042
970:C01-A039
965:C01-A035
867:V-agents
817:G-agents
795:C01-A039
790:C01-A035
536:NFPA 704
529:Hazards
524:0.09 Pa
9117:MKULTRA
9071:M93 Fox
8506:EA-2192
8481:EA-4056
8476:EA-3990
8416:EA-3148
8393:Dimefox
8383:Mipafox
8277:Thujone
7978:Others:
7930:Others:
7866:SNAP-25
7839:Release
7729:Tacrine
7637:3152 CT
7602:Taspine
7374:Temefos
7274:R-16661
7244:Phosmet
7229:Phorate
7179:Mipafox
7144:Mazidox
7074:Fonofos
7019:EA-4352
7014:EA-3148
7009:EA-2613
7004:EA-2192
6999:EA-2098
6994:EA-2054
6989:EA-2012
6964:Dimefox
6919:Demeton
6813:Tacrine
6808:TL-1238
6728:EA-4056
6723:EA-3990
6632:Propham
6597:Miotine
6042:Skatole
6037:Allicin
5747:EA-3834
5737:EA-3580
5727:EA-3443
5722:EA-3167
5717:EA-2148
5701:CS-4297
5696:EA-2092
5685:EA-4941
5412:Bromine
5050:EA-1224
5030:EA-1250
4943:R-16661
4918:EA-2613
4913:EA-2098
4908:EA-2054
4903:EA-2012
4872:3152 CT
4862:TL-1317
4857:TL-1299
4852:TL-1238
4822:EA-4056
4817:EA-3990
4812:EA-3966
4802:EA-3887
4700:EA-1763
4660:EA-3148
4655:EA-2192
4632:EA-4352
4627:EA-1356
4361:Stibine
4067:May 23,
3152:3089521
2633:7367912
2350:EA-2192
2345:EA-1763
2318:Startup
2313:Crackle
2311:In the
2289:In the
2278:Netflix
2276:In the
2223:In the
2208:by the
2008:fonofos
1796:History
1656:EA-2192
1633:EA-2192
1560:diester
1556:ethanol
1540:racemic
1509:at its
1429:choline
1351:by the
1309:nervous
1225:in the
1102:EA-3167
882:V-sub x
877:EA-3148
720:Blister
649:what is
647: (
477:Density
265:PubChem
59:-(−)-VX
32:V-sub x
8877:Agents
8486:T-1123
7339:Ronnel
7254:Phoxim
7044:Ethion
6839:Armine
6803:TL-599
6798:T-1194
6793:T-1152
6788:T-1123
6602:Oxamyl
6376:Enzyme
6260:Napalm
6025:agents
5884:agents
5787:JB-336
5782:JB-318
5757:LSD-25
5713:(DMHP)
5661:agents
5320:A-8564
5280:(PbTX)
5230:(TeNT)
4847:TL-599
4837:T-1194
4832:T-1152
4827:T-1123
4596:(ClGD)
4578:(ClGB)
4489:TL-301
4291:Arsine
3911:
3721:
3559:
3468:: 118.
3314:
3184:
3159:
3149:
3080:
3072:
3037:
2998:
2787:
2640:
2630:
2622:
2392:
2230:Spooks
1903:UNSCOM
1848:Amiton
1836:esters
1684:Miosis
1587:sulfur
1507:chiral
1505:VX is
1406:enzyme
1241:after
884:/GD-7,
644:verify
641:
514:2.047
451:267.37
381:SMILES
210:ChEMBL
121:Ethyl
87:Names
18:VX gas
8912:Sarin
8579:Other
8534:IPTBO
8436:Tabun
8431:Soman
8426:Sarin
8252:Tutin
7810:VAChT
7632:TMTFA
7194:Naled
7099:GT-45
7089:GD-42
6439:AF64A
6248:Other
6204:Ricin
6119:Abrin
6078:KB-16
5360:IPTBO
5291:(ATX)
5264:(MTX)
5258:(PTX)
5247:(GTX)
5241:(CTX)
5224:(BTX)
5080:Nital
4886:Other
4764:A-262
4759:A-242
4754:A-234
4749:A-232
4744:A-208
4588:Soman
4584:(SGB)
4565:Tabun
4524:KB-16
4517:Other
3979:(PDF)
3871:(PDF)
3588:(PDF)
3428:(PDF)
3283:(PDF)
3272:(PDF)
3078:S2CID
2965:(PDF)
2951:(PDF)
2724:(PDF)
2685:(PDF)
2663:(PDF)
2315:show
2293:show
2280:show
2227:show
2212:band
2020:CHASE
1934:sarin
1566:with
1482:sarin
1478:soman
1371:log P
1301:sarin
960:A-262
955:A-242
950:A-234
945:A-232
940:A-230
808:Nerve
690:Blood
346:InChI
278:39793
239:36386
190:ChEBI
161:JSmol
9076:MOPP
9066:CAIS
8920:(HD)
8914:(GB)
8898:(DF)
8887:(BZ)
8601:IDPN
8529:TBPO
8524:TBPS
8204:BMAA
7962:LPHN
7897:VAMP
7679:BChE
7189:MSPI
6475:AChE
6449:BETA
6444:B115
6394:ChAT
6363:and
6286:and
5899:(OC)
5616:(DM)
5446:(DP)
5435:(PS)
5419:(CG)
5370:TBPS
5365:TBPO
5213:(TZ)
5135:(TH)
5104:(DF)
5098:(SW)
5092:(TB)
5065:DMHP
5045:DEHP
5035:DIHP
5026:(KB)
4963:MSPI
4613:(GF)
4602:(GE)
4590:(GD)
4567:(GA)
4509:(CX)
4456:CEES
4424:(L3)
4418:(L2)
4406:(PD)
4400:(MD)
4394:(ED)
4287:(AC)
4281:(CK)
4097:2010
4069:2012
4060:and
4040:2012
4012:2013
3987:2009
3962:2017
3922:2014
3909:ISBN
3879:2017
3832:2007
3816:"VX"
3802:2017
3758:2017
3730:2017
3719:ISSN
3683:2012
3656:2012
3634:2015
3604:2018
3585:2002
3570:2014
3557:ISBN
3531:link
3517:2017
3491:2018
3436:2019
3411:2019
3386:2019
3361:2019
3312:ISBN
3291:2007
3195:2014
3182:ISBN
3157:PMID
3070:PMID
3035:PMID
2996:PMID
2918:2017
2888:2017
2866:2017
2844:2017
2822:2022
2796:2022
2785:ISSN
2762:2022
2736:2016
2638:PMID
2620:ISSN
2556:2023
2535:2017
2503:2018
2473:2007
2447:2017
2417:link
2403:2017
2390:ISBN
2089:The
2054:and
1940:and
1891:Iraq
1880:Cuba
1727:and
1707:(LCt
1436:and
1427:and
1390:talc
1386:clay
1311:and
507:log
467:Odor
289:UNII
250:MeSH
7769:CHT
7039:EPN
5923:CNS
5452:(Z)
4994:AlP
4989:ATO
4484:HN3
4479:HN2
4474:HN1
4412:(L)
3248:doi
3221:doi
3147:PMC
3137:doi
3133:286
3106:doi
3102:121
3062:doi
3027:doi
2988:doi
2628:PMC
2612:doi
2581:doi
2291:CBS
2225:BBC
1963:in
1959:at
1913:of
1854:in
1813:ICI
1699:(LD
1546:is
1480:or
1388:or
1292:in
776:HN3
771:HN2
766:HN1
315:EPA
268:CID
40:VX
9134::
8924:VX
8907:QL
8471:GV
8466:VX
8461:VR
8456:VP
8451:VM
8446:VG
8441:VE
7984:,
7939:,
7920:,
7916:,
7912:,
7885:,
7881:,
7646::
7472:,
7468:,
7464:,
7449:VX
7444:VR
7439:VS
7434:VP
7429:VM
7424:VG
7419:VE
7104:GV
7094:GH
6073:CX
5918:CR
5913:CS
5908:CN
5669:BZ
5184:TG
5179:TC
5154:QL
5040:ZS
4984:AT
4695:VX
4690:VS
4685:VR
4680:VP
4675:VM
4670:VG
4665:VE
4617:GP
4606:GH
4168:VX
4136:.
4117:.
4113:.
4086:.
4056:.
4029:.
4003:.
3849:.
3818:.
3791:.
3773:.
3746:.
3717:.
3713:.
3624:.
3606:.
3594::
3539:^
3527:}}
3523:{{
3507:.
3402:.
3377:.
3351:.
3274:.
3260:^
3244:21
3242:.
3217:32
3215:.
3203:^
3155:.
3145:.
3131:.
3127:.
3100:.
3076:.
3068:.
3058:27
3056:.
3033:.
3023:43
3021:.
3017:.
2994:.
2984:33
2982:.
2960:.
2953:.
2908:.
2896:^
2813:.
2783:.
2779:.
2752:.
2726:.
2687:.
2665:.
2650:^
2636:.
2626:.
2618:.
2608:94
2606:.
2602:.
2577:94
2575:.
2511:^
2489:.
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