164:
156:
40:
486:
190:
Surgery is indicated when there is inability or reluctance to perform self-dilation, or where it is performed but with failed result. The vaginoplasty is performed around the inflatable expander which maintains the neovagina against the pelvic wall after the surgery and favors the process of
529:
514:
218:
After vaginoplasty, available evidence suggests that continued self-dilation is needed to maintain the patency in periods of coital inactivity. A vaginal expander can be used regularly to prevent post-operative vaginal retraction.
114:
syndrome, in which the most common result is an absent uterus in conjunction with a deformed or missing vagina, despite the presence of normal ovaries and normal external genitalia. It is also associated with
607:
215:
seems to have the highest success rates both anatomically (99%) and functionally (96%), whereas skin graft procedures and intestinal procedures have the lowest successful outcomes (83–95%).
227:
Vaginal hypoplasia is estimated to occur in 1 in 4,000–5,000 live female births. It is often unnoticed until adolescence when pain and a lack of menstrual flow indicates the condition.
973:
600:
593:
360:"The use of a silicone-coated acrylic vaginal stent in McIndoe vaginoplasty and review of the literature concerning silicone-based vaginal stents: a case report"
195:. In this procedure, an olive-shaped pressure device is pressed towards the potential vaginal space by a thread that goes through the skin, behind the
144:
95:
Vaginal hypoplasia can vary in severity from being smaller than normal to being completely absent. The absence of a vagina is a result of vaginal
842:
858:
184:
111:
585:
183:
to lengthen the vagina. Self-dilation has a high success rate, estimated at 75%, and is usually the first-line treatment due to low
938:
628:
447:
410:
789:
766:
616:
917:
104:
620:
191:
microscopic neovascularization while reducing the risks for hematoma. One appropriate surgical variant is the
207:, where it is attached to a plate that provides counter-traction. Vaginoplasty can also be performed using a
323:
Barutçu, Ali; Akgüner, Muharrem (November 1998). "McIndoe
Vaginoplasty with the Inflatable Vaginal Stent".
163:
983:
810:
943:
820:
784:
651:
241:
140:
48:
948:
815:
643:
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Callens, N.; De
Cuypere, G.; De Sutter, P.; Monstrey, S.; Weyers, S.; Hoebeke, P.; Cools, M. (2014).
84:
533:
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661:
187:. Overall, the complication rates are significantly lower with dilation than with vaginoplasty.
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55:
805:
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459:
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64:
99:. Diagnostically, it may look similar to a vaginal obstruction such as can be caused by an
978:
724:
358:
Coskun, Ayhan; Coban, Yusuf Kenan; Vardar, Mehmet Ali; Dalay, Ahmet Cemil (10 July 2007).
196:
176:
573:
411:"Vaginoplastia: modificación de la técnica de McIndoe usando esponja de gel hemostático"
751:
699:
681:
676:
386:
359:
538:
967:
933:
756:
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431:
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204:
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80:
39:
175:, the main treatments are self-dilation methods (using intra-vaginal cylinders or
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60:
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276:"An update on surgical and non-surgical treatments for vaginal hypoplasia"
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120:
76:
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589:
413:[Vaginoplasty: modification to McIndoe techique [
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Antoniadis, N; Charles, G; Mejías, I; Pabón, R (March 2011).
127:
uterus with an obstructed uterovaginal outflow, leading to
211:
or an intestinal graft. Traction vaginoplasty such as the
123:
is absent. The situation is most urgent where there is a
75:
is the underdevelopment or incomplete development of the
16:
Birth defect in which the vagina fails to completely form
167:
ZSI 200 NS vaginal expander stretching the female vagina
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690:
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179:(vaginal stents) of increasing size) and surgical
131:. In this case prompt medical action is required.
623:congenital anomalies of the genitalia, including
119:, in which the uterus is present but the uterine
480:International Birth Defects Information System
974:Congenital disorders of female genital organs
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8:
875:
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417:] using hemostatic gel sponge].
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145:complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
83:or congenital abnormality of the female
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843:Congenital absence of the vas deferens
452:Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
419:Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
159:Inflatable vaginal expander ZSI 200 NS
47:Vaginal hypoplasia in a patient with
7:
859:Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome
14:
110:It is frequently associated with
484:
464:10.1097/00006254-196604000-00041
337:10.1097/00000637-199811000-00020
432:10.4321/S0376-78922011000100010
112:Mayer-Rokitansky-Küstner-Hauser
939:Progestin-induced virilization
1:
33:Congenital absence of vagina
790:Unilateral ovarian agenesis
1000:
767:Sertoli cell-only syndrome
203:and exits the skin in the
918:Penoscrotal transposition
325:Annals of Plastic Surgery
280:Human Reproduction Update
105:transverse vaginal septum
46:
37:
816:Mixed gonadal dysgenesis
448:"The Artificial Vagina"
171:In order to facilitate
811:Ovotesticular syndrome
377:10.1186/1471-2482-7-13
168:
160:
944:Pseudohermaphroditism
821:XY gonadal dysgenesis
785:XX gonadal dysgenesis
293:10.1093/humupd/dmu024
185:surgical invasiveness
166:
158:
103:or, less commonly, a
949:True hermaphroditism
644:Uterine malformation
493:at Wikimedia Commons
213:Vecchietti technique
193:Vecchietti technique
177:inflatable expanders
139:The main causes are
85:genitourinary system
705:Vaginal hypoplasia
662:Unicornuate uterus
652:Müllerian agenesis
560:External resources
446:I Jackson (1966),
242:Müllerian agenesis
173:sexual intercourse
169:
161:
141:Müllerian agenesis
91:Signs and symptoms
73:Vaginal hypoplasia
49:Müllerian agenesis
25:Vaginal hypoplasia
961:
960:
957:
956:
867:
866:
829:
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720:Cloacal exstrophy
710:Imperforate hymen
672:Bicornuate uterus
657:Cervical agenesis
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489:Media related to
237:Cervical agenesis
117:cervical agenesis
101:imperforate hymen
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19:Medical condition
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806:Gonadal agenesis
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715:Vaginal adenosis
667:Uterus didelphys
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65:medical genetics
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725:Vaginal atresia
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197:urinary bladder
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752:Cryptorchidism
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700:Vaginal septum
696:
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682:Arcuate uterus
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677:Uterine septum
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574:article/954110
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501:Classification
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474:External links
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458:(2): 329–331,
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286:(5): 775–801.
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984:Rare diseases
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934:Clitoromegaly
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757:Polyorchidism
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835:Vas deferens
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425:(1): 73–77.
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331:(5): 568–9.
328:
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226:
223:Epidemiology
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205:hypogastrium
192:
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181:vaginoplasty
170:
138:
125:menstruating
109:
94:
81:birth defect
72:
71:
888:Hypospadias
364:BMC Surgery
129:hematometra
30:Other names
968:Categories
903:Micropenis
893:Epispadias
762:Monorchism
545:DiseasesDB
248:References
209:skin graft
201:pubic bone
79:. It is a
61:Gynecology
913:Diphallia
569:eMedicine
370:(1): 13.
302:1355-4786
151:Treatment
56:Specialty
908:Aphallia
872:External
744:Testicle
636:Internal
625:intersex
396:17623058
310:24899229
231:See also
97:agenesis
898:Chordee
491:Vaginas
387:1947946
345:9827964
979:Vagina
735:Gonads
692:Vagina
617:Female
394:
384:
343:
308:
300:
135:Causes
121:cervix
77:vagina
927:Other
880:Penis
852:Other
799:Other
777:Ovary
550:13688
539:623.2
524:Q52.0
627:and
621:male
619:and
534:9-CM
392:PMID
341:PMID
306:PMID
298:ISSN
199:and
143:and
629:DSD
530:ICD
515:ICD
460:doi
427:doi
415:sic
382:PMC
372:doi
333:doi
288:doi
970::
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519:10
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450:,
423:37
421:.
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256:^
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63:,
609:e
602:t
595:v
532:-
517:-
507:D
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435:.
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368:7
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312:.
290::
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