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arranged to create juxtapositions and lack of continuity and become increasingly complex. There are references to
Penrose's other, more cohesive, literary work but the novel does not have a singular format. The background for the works is typically of natural scenery or a landscape in which foreign elements are added, sometimes symbolically to create paradoxes. The recurring themes throughout the novel are gender ambiguity, love and prophetic writing. Lesbian love, in particular, is an important theme in much of Penrose's work, but especially in
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within the movement, such as Max Ernst, who was also notable for his use of collage as a medium. Her husband, Roland
Penrose, was a primarily visual artist who was a notable figure within the Surrealist movement while associating Valentine Penrose with other Surrealist artists. Much of Valentine Penrose's art was created using traditional art and collage images which were sourced from common publications such as journals, catalogues and books. Her portfolio includes various collages and a collage novel entitled
271:. It is said that her works stem from transgression and the reconstruction of defiance. For a female artist of her time it was unconventional for a woman to illustrate such erotic and violent works. The difference between Ernst and Penrose is that Ernst's work represents an over-dramatic dream sequence with dysfunctional and bizarre relationships whereas Penrose's illustrates the travels of two women and their erotic adventures.
384:. Lesbian love is indeed a crucial theme in the book because it recounts the romantic escape of two women and their dreamlike adventures together. In addition, the author-collagist mentions the city of "Mytilene" to evoke the Sapphic island of Lesbos. This reference to the Mediterranean shows that exoticism is an important theme of the work, but also that Penrose inscribes herself into the Sapphic tradition of
31:
298:(later Alice Rahon). They become very close and their relationship is shown in their poetry from 1936 to about 1945. It is believed that the two had a relationship while in India based on the lesbian attributes present in their work at that time. After their trip in India, they didn't see each other again.
192:. In the same year she joined the workers militia in Spain to defend the revolution. Valentine and Roland had different viewpoints on traditions in India, Eastern thought, and philosophy, which all led to a growing distance between the two. They were divorced in 1937, but met again in London during the
370:
Penrose's collage artwork utilizes formal elements of
Surrealism while disapproving of the conceptual aspects of Surrealist art, most often in relation to gender roles. She was most outspoken about the brutality and misogyny sometimes depicted by Surrealists and was highly critical of certain figures
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has been called the "archetypal surrealist book" since it uses compositional elements that are expected of
Surrealist art. The format is fragmented and uses bilingual poetry in combination with the visual imagery of the collages to create disorientation and continuous translation. The images are
229:
Valentine
Penrose first encountered surrealism in the late 1920s. Penrose was one of the first of four women to become involved in the surrealist movement. Penrose was involved in the publication of Andre Breton's inaugural issue of
274:
Penrose was interested in female mysticism, Eastern philosophy, Western mysticism, alchemy and the occult. In 1929, during a trip to Egypt, she met the
Spanish archaeologist and professor of philosophy
30:
1080:
625:
221:
Penrose was an independent woman who pushed against the social expectations set on her; as a woman she was expected to be a muse and object for male surrealist artists.
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Beth Fenn
Kearney, "'Un dimanche à Mytilène' : topographies de l'exotisme dans Dons des féminines (1951) de Valentine Penrose", Revue Postures, 2020, URL:
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554:
1063:"Les auteures surréalistes : French and Francophone Women Surrealist Writers -- Joyce Mansour, Valentine Penrose and Gisèle Prassinos"
894:
Humphreys, Karen (December 2006). "Collages
Communicants: Visual Representation in the Collage-Albums of Max Ernst and Valentine Penrose".
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236:; she was one of eight other women who were involved with the journal. Her first publication in the journal was a response to the 1929
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in India. She studied
Sanskrit while in India. In 1936 she made an extended visit to India with the poet and painter
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Valentine
Penrose wrote surrealist poetry, although she is perhaps best known for her biography of the serial killer
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and England. The marriage was never consummated. Valentine and her husband moved to Spain in 1936 during the
196:, after which she lived half her time with her ex-husband and his second wife, the American photojournalist
859:
Humphreys, Karen (2003). "The Poetics of Transgression in Valentine Penrose's "La Comtesse sanglante"".
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Dictionnaire littéraire des femmes de langue française: De Marie de France à Marie NDiaye
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448:(Collages and poems by Valentine Penrose. One edition had additional illustrations by
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The Other Perspective in Gender and Culture: Rewriting Women and the Symbolic
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446:. Éluard, Paul (preface); Penrose, Valentine (illustrator). Les pas Perdus.
1265:"Through an Hour-glass lightly: Valentine Penrose and Alice Rahon Paalen"
1031:"Through an Hour-glass lightly: Valentine Penrose and Alice Rahon Paalen"
356:
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were greatly inspired by Alice Rohan. She also knew the surrealist poet
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593:
185:
1176:"Pablo Picasso: Valentine Penrose, Dons de FĂ©minines, Les Pas perdus"
291:
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184:(1900–1984) and joined the community of surrealists based in Paris,
375:, which incorporated her literary background in its composition.
363:(1951) combines her collages and poetry. One of her collages is
305:, always with the same lovers: Emily and Rubia. This dominates
1005:"Les deux amies / The two girlfriends (Gifts of the Feminine)"
942:
Magnifying mirrors : women, surrealism, & partnership
628:. In Makward Christiane P.; Cottenet-Hage, Madeleine (eds.).
530:. Translated by Edwards, R. Littlehampton Book Services Ltd.
177:, France. The family moved to Paris when she was very young.
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In 1925, she married the English artist, historian and poet
1274:. University of Nottingham. pp. 81–112. Archived from
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817:
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Farewell to the Muse: Love, War and the Women of Surrealism
697:. Caws, Mary Ann. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2004.
760:"Tony Penrose: 'With Picasso, the rule book was torn up'"
286:, knows as Count Galarza de Santa Clara, a master of the
169:
Valentine Boué was born in 1898 to a military family in
16:
French surrealist poet, author and collagist (1898–1978)
1040:. University of Nottingham. p. 102. Archived from
200:. This arrangement continued for the rest of her life.
693:
The Yale Anthology of Twentieth-Century French Poetry
1083:. Writers History Literature Portal. Archived from
547:
The Bloody Countess: Atrocities of Erzsébet Báthory
251:(1560-1614). Her poetry reflects her experience of
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91:
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645:"The surreal life – and loves – of Roland Penrose"
549:. Translated by Trocchi, Alexander. Solar Books.
465:— (2001). Colville, Georgiana M. M. (ed.).
153:; 1 January 1898 – 7 August 1978), was a French
1143:http://revuepostures.com/fr/articles/kearney-31
1155:"3388: Penrose, Valentine: Dons des Feminines"
667:Roland Penrose : the life of a surrealist
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611:
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320:, who wrote prefaces for her first collection
1270:. In King, Russell; McGuirk, Bernard (eds.).
1131:. New York: Irvine Studies in the Humanities.
1036:. In King, Russell; McGuirk, Bernard (eds.).
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933:
8:
834:Surrealist Women: An International Anthology
1212:"Essai Cinématographique : La Garoupe"
896:Contemporary French and Francophone Studies
339:She collaborated on a few pieces including
218:, England, in the house of her ex-husband.
1272:Reconceptions Reading Modern French Poetry
1038:Reconceptions Reading Modern French Poetry
255:, collage and painting techniques such as
29:
18:
944:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
481:(Anthology of works of Valentine Penrose)
632:(in French). Karthala. pp. 463–465.
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1003:Roush, Paula; Lusitano, Maria (2013).
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574:Penrose acted in the following films:
563:Erzsébet Báthory la Comtesse sanglante
512:Erzsébet Báthory la Comtesse sanglante
355:In the 1940s, Penrose made surrealist
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396:to just a few emblematic figures.
301:From 1937, she started writing on
35:Valentine Penrose photographed by
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1315:20th-century French women writers
1310:20th-century French women artists
1263:Colvile, Georgiana M. M. (1996).
1061:Dunwoody, Maitland (2017-05-01).
1029:Colvile, Georgiana M. M. (1996).
758:Kellaway, Kate (22 August 2010).
643:Lambirth, Andrew (25 June 2016).
290:, and made several visits to his
277:Vicente Galarza y Pérez Castañeda
830:Rosemont, Penelope, ed. (1998).
514:. Gallimard / Mercure de France.
129:
125:
799:10.7551/mitpress/6565.003.0068
669:. Edinburgh University Press.
467:Ecrits d'une femme surréaliste
316:Penrose's work was admired by
1:
838:. University of Texas Press.
791:Surrealist Painters and Poets
520:Works translated into English
225:Literary style and influences
210:She died on 7 August 1978 in
976:Forgotten Women: The Writers
940:Hubert, Renée Riese (1994).
1127:MacCannell, Juliet (1990).
624:Colvile, Georgiana (1997).
411:Penrose, Valentine (1935).
1361:
1330:People from Mont-de-Marsan
1107:"Roland Penrose Biography"
743:Chadwick, Whitney (2017).
341:London Bulletin, VVV, Dyn,
1325:French surrealist writers
1320:French surrealist artists
1305:20th-century French poets
908:10.1080/17409290601040379
626:"Penrose, Valentine Boué"
242:La Révolution surréaliste
233:La Révolution surréaliste
28:
1340:Women surrealist artists
419:(preface). Editions GLM.
979:. Octopus. p. 55.
793:, The MIT Press, 2001,
95:Poet, author, collagist
1345:People from Chiddingly
1281:on September 15, 2012.
1047:on September 15, 2012.
1010:. Fundação EDP, Lisbon
725:: CS1 maint: others (
469:. Paris: J. Losfeld.
328:(1951). The works in
1081:"Penrose, Valentine"
973:Zing Tsjeng (2018).
789:"Gisèle Prassinos",
665:King, James (2016).
592:(1937), directed by
583:(1930), directed by
528:Poems and Narrations
128: 1925;
460:. Les Mains Libres.
494:Le Nouveau Candide
444:Dons des FĂ©minines
394:Charles Baudelaire
382:Dons des féminines
377:Dons des FĂ©minines
373:Dons des FĂ©minines
361:Dons des FĂ©minines
330:Dons des féminines
326:Dons des féminines
311:Dons des FĂ©minines
157:poet, author, and
986:978-1-78840-115-9
861:The French Review
556:978-0-9714578-2-9
426:Sorts de la lueur
253:automatic writing
249:Elizabeth Báthory
190:Spanish Civil War
142:Valentine Penrose
139:
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23:Valentine Penrose
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1335:Surrealist poets
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413:Herbe Ă la lune
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322:Herbe Ă la lune
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265:Wolfgang Paalen
238:Inquiry on love
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203:She joined the
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365:The Real Women
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1276:the original
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1243:. Retrieved
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1221:. Retrieved
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1198:"L'Age d'Or"
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1180:. Retrieved
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764:The Guardian
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663:A review of
654:. Retrieved
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486:French prose
466:
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417:Éluard, Paul
412:
400:Publications
386:Renée Vivien
381:
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360:
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344:
340:
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334:André Breton
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296:Alice Paalen
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76:(1978-08-07)
1300:1978 deaths
1295:1898 births
1239:"La Garope"
1178:. Christies
585:Luis Buñuel
570:Filmography
505:. Fontaine.
345:Free Unions
324:(1935) and
318:Paul Éluard
280: [
216:East Sussex
205:French Army
100:Nationality
85:East Sussex
37:Eileen Agar
1289:Categories
600:References
590:La Garoupe
580:L'Age d'Or
458:Les Magies
303:lesbianism
212:Chiddingly
198:Lee Miller
155:surrealist
92:Occupation
81:Chiddingly
53:1898-01-01
924:191334868
916:1740-9292
873:0016-111X
721:cite book
713:182530178
257:Max Ernst
207:in 1940.
165:Biography
159:collagist
87:, England
39:(cropped)
960:28182787
367:, 1938.
357:collages
313:(1951).
288:esoteric
261:frottage
244:no. 12.
66:, France
1200:. IMDb.
881:3133083
594:Man Ray
351:Collage
186:Mougins
134:
122:
118:
1241:. IMDB
1223:31 May
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