320:... for we have witnessed for some time the sorry spectacle of people of ill-will smearing and defacing our fair city. The writing of slogans, drawing of pictures, painting and marking or inscribing on public and private property has been rampant. Indeed, even the sides of drains have been used by anti-social and anti-national elements in the name of democracy, but their crude artistic feats in effect destroy and deface what democracy has built for the people. Singapore has also recently witnessed acts of vandalism like the theft of insulating oil from electrical power stations and the wanton damage to fountains. Damaging or destroying public property which is provided for the benefit of the people must be considered extremely serious, for it is the people themselves who ultimately pay for the services and amenities provided by the Government. However, there are, regrettably, certain irresponsible persons in the community who find a cruel joy in destroying and damaging public property. In the interests of the nation, it is therefore necessary that the minority who cause damage should be dealt with severely.
1912:
554:
42:
489:, showed that Parliament had not intended to punish all acts of vandalism using paint with caning, and that in each case the court had to determine if the paint used was easily removable or not before deciding whether to sentence the defendant to caning. Chief Justice Yong Pung How rejected this submission on the ground that there was no reason to deviate from the plain meaning of the words in the Act. There was no indication in the Act of any Parliamentary intention to subject all acts of vandalism committed with paint to an
346:, having defaced public buildings with red paint. Flaunting the values of his ideology, he is quite prepared to make a martyr of himself and go to gaol. He will not pay the fine and make a demonstration of his martyrdom. But if he knows he is going to get three of the best, I think he will lose a great deal of enthusiasm, because there is little glory attached to the rather humiliating experience of having to be caned.
573:, an 18-year-old American citizen, pleaded guilty to two charges of vandalizing 18 cars by spray-painting them, damaging them using hot tar, paint remover, and hatchets, pelting eggs at them, slashing the tires of taxis, scratching and denting cars, and kicking the door of a car and bashing it with a brick between 17 and 18 September 1993 together with three accomplices. One of the cars belonged to
578:
for a non-violent offence. On the other hand, a significant number of
Americans supported the penalty, reasoning that American citizens who travelled abroad had to respect the laws of the countries that they visited, and that the United States was not tough enough on its own juvenile offenders. Following a request by
499:
Conversely, to compel the courts to admit in every vandalism case involving paint, a plethora of evidence on the delibility or otherwise of the paint used in the offence, seemed to me to be throwing the floodgates open to endless and increasingly convoluted arguments about the exact scientific degree
644:
increased the sentence to four months, calling the original sentence "manifestly inadequate", thus requiring
Fricker to serve seven months' jail altogether. He also commented that "hile some might regard graffiti as a stimulating and liberating activity that adds colour, spice and variety to a staid
389:
took the view that it was "too simplistic" to claim that the Act was aimed mainly at punishing riotous anti-national elements: "That may have been one of the more urgent objectives at the time the Act was enacted in 1966 but a reading of the relevant
Parliamentary Debates shows that the Legislature
577:
Amarjeet Singh. Fay was sentenced by a
District Court to two months' imprisonment and three strokes of the cane on each charge. The High Court later rejected an appeal against the sentence. The caning sentence provoked much controversy in the United States, and was condemned as cruel and excessive
484:
had earlier pleaded guilty before a district judge to two charges of vandalism by spraying red paint on two cars. Twenty other charges were taken into consideration for sentencing purposes, 16 of them charges of vandalism committed with paint. On appeal to the High Court, Fay's counsel argued that
472:
of not less than three strokes and not more than eight strokes of the cane. However, caning will not be imposed on a first conviction if the act carried out falls within section 2(a)(i) and "the writing, drawing, mark or inscription is done with pencil, crayon, chalk or other delible substance or
630:
train by spray-painting graffiti on it between the night of 16 May and the early hours of 17 May. The graffiti consisted of the words "McKoy Banos", said to be the signature of two anonymous "artists" who have tagged trains around the world. A Briton, Dane
Alexander Lloyd, was also named on the
217:
that criminalizes a number of different acts done in relation to public and private property, namely, stealing, destroying or damaging public property; and, without the property owner's written consent, writing, drawing, painting, marking or inscribing on property; affixing posters, placards,
635:
between
Singapore and the country where he is found. On 25 June, Fricker pleaded guilty to the charges against him and was sentenced to two months' jail for trespass and three months' jail and three strokes of the cane for vandalism, the jail terms to run consecutively. Both Fricker and the
509:. Caning sentences may be imposed on juveniles above the age of seven years and under 16 years, as the Children and Young Persons Act specifically states that, notwithstanding the provisions of any other written law, no child or young person shall be sentenced by any court
342:... we have a society which, unfortunately, I think, understands only two things – the incentive and the deterrent. We intend to use both, the carrot and the stick. ... fine will not deter the type of criminal we are facing here. He is quite prepared to go to
980:
S.L.R.(R) 4 at paras. 10–12, High Court. When the decision was rendered in 1968, the relevant provision was s. 55(3) of the
Children and Young Persons Ordinance (Cap. 128, 1955 Rev. Ed.), which was identical to the CYPA, s. 37(3). For criticism, see
381:
that the original legislative intent behind the imposition of a caning penalty was to suppress violent political elements which existed in
Singapore in the 1960s which had, among other things, inscribed anti-national slogans in public places. However,
504:
The punishment imposed by the Act is expressly made subject to sections 325(1) and 330(1) of the
Criminal Procedure Code, which prohibit a caning sentence from being imposed on women, men considered by the court to be more than 50 years old, and men
631:
charge sheet, but he was not present in court and was believed to have left
Singapore for Hong Kong. A warrant of arrest for Lloyd has been issued by a court, and the authorities will seek to extradite him to stand trial in Singapore if there is an
657:. The youths had stolen spray paint cans from a parked truck and entered the rooftop of the HDB block to carry out the act. A contractor and other HDB residents complained. All five were given probation sentences and were electronically tagged.
947:) ("PC"), s. 82), and a child above seven and under 12 years may only be found guilty of an offence if he or she has attained sufficient maturity of understanding to judge the nature and consequence of his or her conduct (PC, s. 83).
544:
unless the defendant is able to prove otherwise that the person who received or retained the property knew or had reason to believe that the property was stolen public property, and also that he or she received or retained it dishonestly.
463:
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other written law, it is an offence under the Act to commit any act of vandalism, attempt to do any such act, or cause any such act to be done. Upon conviction, the penalty is a fine not exceeding
287:
depot and spray-painting a train with an accomplice, and was sentenced to five months' jail and three strokes of the cane. On appeal, the High Court increased his total jail term to seven months, leaving the caning sentence unchanged.
435:(iii) hanging, suspending, hoisting, affixing or displaying on or from any public property or private property any flag, bunting, standard, banner or the like with any word, slogan, caricature, drawing, mark, symbol or other thing; or
500:
of ease with which any particular type of paint is removed: it is the sort of absurdity virtually guaranteed to thwart the legislative intent, as stated in the preamble, of providing for "exemplary punishment for acts of vandalism".
1694:
938:
means a person who, in the absence of legal proof to the contrary, is seven years of age or above and below the age of 16 years in the opinion of the court. No child under seven years old may be charged with an offence
1973:
1441:
258:
for vandalizing cars using spray paint, and the sentence of six strokes of the cane imposed on him, provoked much controversy with both condemnation and support from Americans. Following a request by
239:
for second or subsequent convictions. Caning is also imposed for first convictions for defacing property using an indelible substance; and stealing, destroying or damaging public property. The
2237:
338:
on persons convicted for the first time of vandalism with an indelible substance, was a "departure from what is normal criminal law legislation". However, the punishment was necessary because
513:
to corporal punishment. Despite the express words reserving to the High Court the power to impose the penalty, the Court has held that caning may be imposed on a child or young person by a
1359:
1911:
1963:
2007:
1226:
455:
owned by the Government of Singapore, the government of any Commonwealth or foreign country, any statutory body or authority, or any armed force lawfully present in Singapore.
2070:
653:
Five youths were charged with vandalism for spray painting graffiti on a large wall panel on the top of the Block 85A Toa Payoh Lorong with expletives directed against the
2212:
1837:
1399:
2202:
1945:
1293:
2192:
1556:
Hyman, Irwin A.; Cavallo, Fernando; Erbacher, Theresa A.; Spanger, Joyce (1997), "Corporal Punishment in America: Cultural Wars in Politics, Religion and Science",
1451:
1261:"Singapore wants British man extradited over vandalism: Singapore authorities want to extradite Lloyd Dane Alexander for allegedly spray-painting a subway carriage"
429:(i) writing, drawing, painting, marking or inscribing on any public property or private property any word, slogan, caricature, drawing, mark, symbol or other thing;
2247:
1832:
2207:
1935:
432:(ii) affixing, posting up or displaying on any public property or private property any poster, placard, advertisement, bill, notice, paper or other document; or
1994:
2297:
75:
An Act to provide for exemplary punishment for acts of vandalism and to make special provisions in regard to certain offences relating to public property.
2112:
2100:
1955:
1735:
2107:
2042:
1940:
1892:
2279:
2020:
1978:
1367:
1073:
1968:
2253:
1679:
1660:
1635:
1606:
866:
practitioners were arrested by the police under the Vandalism Act for affixing 82 posters and banners about the Falungong to the wall of the
773:
669:, Andreas Von Knorre and Elton Hinz, were each sentenced to nine months' imprisonment and three strokes of the cane for breaking into SMRT's
247:
may impose a caning penalty on juvenile offenders as well. In a 1968 case, the High Court held that despite the wording of this provision, a
2166:
553:
1529:
Bahrampour, Firouzeh (1994–1995), "The Caning of Michael Fay: Can Singapore's Punishment Withstand the Scrutiny of International Law?",
1543:
Hodson, Joel (2003), "A Case for American Studies: The Michael Fay Affair, Singapore–US Relations, and American Studies in Singapore",
1342:
Elena Chong (26 June 2010), "Swiss vandal gets 5 months, 3 strokes: Vandals ordered paint, checked MRT depot, before graffiti attack",
1236:
2217:
1827:
358:
on 31 August, and came into force on 16 September 1966. As of 2010, the Act had not been amended significantly since it was enacted.
2328:
2232:
2075:
2015:
1887:
1422:
2333:
2176:
1698:
1227:"MRT vandalism: Swiss national to face charges: Suspect could faced up to 3 years jail or a $ 2000 fine for vandalism and caning"
240:
2258:
2080:
1920:
1648:
Cultural Diversity in International Standards for Criminal Sentences [thesis (Master of Laws), McGill University, 2002]
1646:
724:
514:
506:
309:
248:
154:
46:
1407:
369:, an opposition party harshly suppressed at the time, which used posters and graffiti to spread its message. In the 1994 case
2242:
1728:
1330:
1301:
624:
579:
284:
259:
2150:
536:
The Act also provides that in the case of a prosecution for dishonestly receiving stolen property under section 411 of the
1785:
1572:
426:
in the case of public property, or without the written consent of the owner or occupier in the case of private property —
2145:
2122:
1847:
1822:
1200:
232:
1260:
1897:
1780:
1231:
818:
325:
934:
The CPC, s. 329(4), states that caning shall be inflicted on a juvenile with a "light rattan"; under s. 2,
2323:
2090:
2047:
1842:
1652:
765:
383:
2227:
2127:
2057:
1882:
1869:
1859:
1721:
1446:
692:
1148:
1129:
1107:
1091:
1065:
41:
2292:
2274:
2117:
2085:
486:
206:
1294:"Warrant of arrest issued for Briton: Swiss national released on $ 100k bail; embassy says it won't interfere"
654:
2137:
1852:
1806:
1770:
1503:
1385:
838:
637:
596:
558:
473:
thing and not with paint, tar or other indelible substance or thing", or within sections 2(a)(ii) or (iii).
419:
415:
378:
362:
301:
276:
210:
95:
55:
296:
Vandalism was originally prohibited by the Minor Offences Act, which made it punishable by a fine of up to
2095:
1877:
1801:
1765:
1482:
940:
590:
537:
355:
351:
270:
244:
983:
Chan Wing Cheong (1994), "Changes to the Juvenile Justice System: Children and Young Persons Act, 1993",
574:
313:
305:
190:
180:
170:
925:) ("CPC") (formerly s. 231 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap. 68 , 1985 Rev. Ed.).
1280:
2318:
2222:
1775:
332:
251:
may sentence juveniles to caning under the Vandalism Act as that Act takes precedence over the CYPA.
229:
2197:
1190:
1181:
682:
469:
422:
or foreign country or of any statutory body or authority or of any armed force lawfully present in
335:
236:
131:
2338:
2171:
1581:
1336:
687:
452:
2065:
1702:
1675:
1656:
1631:
1602:
1476:
1217:
922:
874:
801:
Wee Toon Boon, speech during the Second Reading of the Punishment for Vandalism Bill,
769:
448:
1316:
1188:
Philip Serwell; Patricia Wilson (6 May 1994), "'Mistake' says Clinton as American is caned",
1744:
867:
616:
465:
366:
297:
872:
Zakir Hussain (16 October 2009), "Falungong man first to be arrested under 'move-on' law",
593:
273:
222:, to the property; and suspending or displaying on or from the property any flag, banner,
17:
645:
environment", such actions were "offensive to the sensibilities of the general public".
1623:
612:
570:
530:
481:
280:
255:
1570:
Lal, Vinay (4 June 1994), "The Flogging of Michael Fay: Culture of Authoritarianism",
2312:
386:
414:(a) without the written authority of an authorised officer or representative of the
1265:
1243:
Sujin Thomas (7 June 2010), "Briton in graffiti case may have left for Hong Kong",
814:
670:
620:
599:
Fay's caning from six to four strokes. The sentence was carried out on 5 May 1994.
582:
328:
262:
1442:"Singapore court sentences two German vandals to nine months in prison and caning"
821:), speech during the Second Reading of the Punishment for Vandalism Bill,
1390:
Elena Chong (19 August 2010), "Judge gives MRT vandal extra two months in jail",
727:), speech during the First Reading of the Punishment for Vandalism Bill,
641:
632:
608:
541:
615:, was charged in court on 5 June 2010 for having allegedly trespassed into the
517:
as the Vandalism Act takes precedence over the Children and Young Persons Act.
390:
was simultaneously concerned with containing anti-social acts of hooliganism."
1136:
968:
is a person who is 14 years or above and below the age of 16 years: s. 2.
863:
762:
Authoritarian Rule of Law: Legislation, Discourse, and Legitimacy in Singapore
66:
1350:
Elena Chong (26 June 2010), "Accused had no 'noble aim' in exposing lapses",
1198:
Philip Shenon (6 May 1994), "Singapore carries out caning of U.S. teenager",
1706:
1598:
1285:
1156:
1060:
1055:
423:
214:
1332:
Singapore sentences Swiss man to caning for spraying graffiti on subway car
1215:
Shuli Sudderuddin (6 June 2010), "Swiss charged with trespass, vandalism",
1140:
1011:), 64 (arrest by police without warrant) and 66 (arrest by private person).
279:
Fay's caning sentence from six to four strokes. In 2010, a Swiss national,
1176:
1121:
1099:
1083:
1593:
Yao, Souchou (2007), "Pain, Words, Violence: The Caning of Michael Fay",
1322:
673:
in November 2014 and vandalising a C151 train cabin by spraypainting it.
343:
1585:
666:
354:, read a third time and passed the same day. It was assented to by the
1469:
957:
529:. Thus, a person committing such an offence may be arrested without a
1074:"Singapore Journal: A flogging sentence brings a cry of pain in U.S."
586:
491:
374:
266:
1493:
1486:
944:
789:
365:
has argued that the actual target of the law was activists from the
1713:
552:
533:
by a police officer and, in some circumstances, a private person.
377:'s counsel made a similar argument, submitting briefly before the
1423:"Toa Payoh vandalism case: Teen given second chance at probation"
627:
526:
300:
50 and/or a week in jail. The Vandalism Act was introduced into
1717:
304:
as the Punishment for Vandalism Bill on 17 August 1966. At the
1273:
Sujin Thomas; Manik Mehta (8 June 2010), "Arrest order out",
1360:"SMRT vandal gets three strokes of the cane, 5 months' jail"
540:, where the stolen property is public property, it shall be
2238:
Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019
1531:
American University Journal of International Law and Policy
468:
2,000 or imprisonment not exceeding three years, and also
440:(b) stealing, destroying or damaging any public property.
640:
against the trespass sentence. On 18 August, Justice
254:
The 1994 conviction of 18-year-old American citizen
228:
In addition to a fine or jail term, the Act imposes
2267:
2248:
Third-Party Taxi Booking Service Providers Act 2015
2185:
2159:
2136:
2056:
2033:
2006:
1987:
1954:
1928:
1919:
1868:
1815:
1794:
1758:
1751:
189:
179:
169:
161:
149:
141:
130:
125:
117:
109:
101:
91:
83:
54:
34:
1838:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Tribunal
739:
737:
331:commented that the bill, which sought to impose a
283:, pleaded guilty to charges of trespassing into a
1672:The Flogging of Singapore: The Michael Fay Affair
2203:Liquor Control (Supply and Consumption) Act 2015
1511:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report
823:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report
803:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report
745:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report
729:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report
712:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report
2193:Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021
497:
340:
318:
1595:Singapore: The State and the Culture of Excess
960:) ("CYPA"), s. 37(3) (emphasis added). A
308:of the bill on 26 August, its introducer, the
2208:Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act
1729:
1056:"Whipping penalty judged too harsh – by some"
324:Taking part in the Parliamentary debate, the
8:
649:Rooftop of Block 85A Toa Payoh Lorong (2014)
2298:List of acts of the Parliament of Singapore
1281:"Briton wanted in Singapore over vandalism"
1084:"What US columnists say about Fay's caning"
788:No. 38 of 1966; now the Vandalism Act (
1925:
1755:
1736:
1722:
1714:
1400:"Fricker should 'count himself fortunate'"
557:Graffiti in a pedestrian underpass in the
525:Offences under the Act are arrestable and
406:Section 2 of the Vandalism Act defines an
235:of between three and eight strokes of the
40:
1513:(26 August 1966), vol. 25, cols. 291–305.
1318:Swiss graffiti man faces Singapore caning
1141:"Readers get 'behind' flogging of vandal"
825:(26 August 1966), vol. 25, cols. 295–297.
805:(26 August 1966), vol. 25, cols. 291–292.
747:(26 August 1966), vol. 25, cols. 291–305.
2043:Singapore International Mediation Centre
1893:Presidential Council for Minority Rights
1674:, Singapore: Times Books International,
1100:"It's all invectives and not cold logic"
2280:Integrated Electronic Litigation System
2071:Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act
1475:Criminal Procedure Code 2010 (
1177:"Singapore reduces American's sentence"
1157:"'Joe Public' backs caning of American"
921:Criminal Procedure Code 2010 (
896:
894:
755:
753:
703:
316:were aware of the reasons for the bill
72:
2213:Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act
1974:Relevant and irrelevant considerations
1693:, Singapore: Department of Sociology,
1500:Fay Michael Peter v. Public Prosecutor
835:Fay Michael Peter v. Public Prosecutor
623:, a protected place, and vandalized a
371:Fay Michael Peter v. Public Prosecutor
31:
27:Statute of the Parliament of Singapore
2254:Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014
1509:"Punishment for Vandalism Bill",
1494:Cap. 341, 1985 Rev. Ed.
1487:Cap. 224, 2008 Rev. Ed.
945:Cap. 224, 2008 Rev. Ed.
790:Cap. 341, 1985 Rev. Ed.
743:"Punishment for Vandalism Bill",
714:(26 October 1966), vol. 25, col. 342.
7:
2167:Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act
1597:, Abingdon, Oxford; New York, N.Y.:
1470:Cap. 38, 2001 Rev. Ed.
1468:Children and Young Persons Act (
1358:Shaffiq Alkhatib (26–27 June 2010),
958:Cap. 38, 2001 Rev. Ed.
956:Children and Young Persons Act (
731:(17 August 1966), vol. 25, col. 190.
2108:Prevention of Human Trafficking Act
1695:Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
1691:Vandals and Vandalism in Singapore
1382:Fricker Oliver v. Public Prosecutor
2218:Newspaper and Printing Presses Act
1979:Substantive legitimate expectation
1151:from the original on 19 June 2008.
1132:from the original on 19 June 2008.
1110:from the original on 19 June 2008.
1094:from the original on 19 June 2008.
1068:from the original on 19 June 2008.
985:Singapore Journal of Legal Studies
978:Ang Chin Sang v. Public Prosecutor
964:is a person below 14 years, and a
25:
2233:Personal Data Protection Act 2012
2021:Procedural legitimate expectation
661:SMRT train at Bishan Depot (2014)
603:SMRT train at Changi Depot (2010)
2177:Administration of Muslim Law Act
1910:
1122:"Travel advisory – When in Rome"
1072:Shenon, Philip (16 March 1994).
2259:Workplace Safety and Health Act
1630:, Singapore: KRP Publications,
1558:Children's Legal Rights Journal
1225:Surekha Yadav (5–6 June 2010),
1175:William Branigin (5 May 1994),
1155:Usborne, David (3 April 1994).
1054:Stone, Andrea (10 March 1994).
710:"Assents to Bills Passed",
495:test of indelibility. He said:
2243:Silver Support Scheme Act 2015
2113:Protection from Harassment Act
2101:Section 377A of the Penal Code
1545:American Studies International
1398:Imelda Saad (19 August 2010),
241:Children and Young Persons Act
49:, photographed in January 2006
1:
1573:Economic and Political Weekly
1329:Alex Kennedy (25 June 2010),
1300:, 8 June 2010, archived from
1007:CPC, ss. 2(1) (definition of
764:, Cambridge; New York, N.Y.:
725:Minister of State for Defence
310:Minister of State for Defence
155:Minister of State for Defence
137:Punishment for Vandalism Bill
2123:Undesirable Publications Act
1936:Exclusion of judicial review
1259:Adam Gabbatt (8 June 2010),
1201:International Herald Tribune
1098:Latif, Asad (8 April 1994).
636:prosecution appealed to the
418:or of the government of any
352:Committee of the whole House
350:The bill was committed to a
1898:Singaporean nationality law
1440:Su-Lin Tan (6 March 2015),
1406:, p. 2, archived from
1366:, p. 3, archived from
1235:, p. 6, archived from
1090:. Singapore. 8 April 1994.
2355:
2048:Singapore Mediation Centre
1653:National Library of Canada
766:Cambridge University Press
2288:
2228:Payment Services Act 2019
1908:
1628:The Caning of Michael Fay
1447:The Sydney Morning Herald
1161:The Independent on Sunday
693:Criminal law of Singapore
511:other than the High Court
312:Wee Toon Boon, said that
243:("CYPA") states that the
61:
39:
18:Vandalism Act (Singapore)
2329:Singaporean criminal law
2293:Sources of Singapore law
2275:Electronic Filing System
2086:Organised Crime Act 2015
1689:Loke, Yuen Fatt (1977),
862:On 5 October 2009, five
2334:Singaporean legislation
1964:Fettering of discretion
1699:University of Singapore
1346:, pp. A1 & A12
363:American Bar Foundation
96:Parliament of Singapore
56:Parliament of Singapore
2008:Procedural impropriety
1394:, pp. A1 & A6
1221:, Singapore, p. 1
561:
502:
459:Offences and penalties
356:President of Singapore
348:
322:
2076:Internal Security Act
1969:Precedent fact errors
1888:Internal Security Act
1828:Judicial independence
1645:Braun, Felix (2004),
1289:, London, 8 June 2010
760:Jothie Rajah (2012),
665:On 5 March 2015, two
575:Judicial Commissioner
556:
314:Members of Parliament
2223:Pawnbrokers Act 2015
1670:Latif, Asad (1994),
987:: 448–456 at 452–453
480:case, the appellant
361:Jothie Rajah of the
47:Old Parliament House
2198:Income Tax Act 1947
2081:Misuse of Drugs Act
2034:Alternative dispute
1502:1 S.L.R.(R.) 1063,
1492:Vandalism Act (
1477:No. 15 of 2010
1454:on 4 September 2016
1191:The Daily Telegraph
1182:The Washington Post
923:No. 15 of 2010
837:1 S.L.R.(R) 1063,
723:Wee Toon Boon (
683:Caning in Singapore
470:corporal punishment
233:corporal punishment
126:Legislative history
1921:Administrative law
1795:Legislative branch
1752:Constitutional law
1601:, pp. 75–96,
1337:The Canadian Press
1077:The New York Times
1009:arrestable offence
688:Crime in Singapore
633:extradition treaty
625:Mass Rapid Transit
565:Michael Fay (1994)
562:
507:sentenced to death
485:the Act, properly
453:immovable property
285:Mass Rapid Transit
203:Vandalism Act 1966
35:Vandalism Act 1966
2324:1966 in Singapore
2306:
2305:
2066:Arms Offences Act
2029:
2028:
1906:
1905:
1833:Judicial officers
1681:978-981-204-530-0
1662:978-0-612-79124-4
1637:978-981-00-5747-3
1608:978-0-415-41711-2
1580:(23): 1386–1388,
1410:on 19 August 2010
1392:The Straits Times
1352:The Straits Times
1344:The Straits Times
1275:The Straits Times
1245:The Straits Times
1139:(30 March 1994).
1128:. 19 March 1994.
1126:Los Angeles Times
1104:The Straits Times
1088:The Straits Times
1042:Fay Michael Peter
1030:Fay Michael Peter
910:Fay Michael Peter
875:The Straits Times
851:Fay Michael Peter
775:978-1-107-01241-7
569:On 3 March 1994,
515:subordinate court
478:Fay Michael Peter
249:subordinate court
199:
198:
121:16 September 1966
16:(Redirected from
2346:
1998:unreasonableness
1946:Threshold issues
1926:
1914:
1786:Attorney-General
1759:Executive branch
1756:
1745:Law of Singapore
1738:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1709:
1684:
1665:
1640:
1617:Books and theses
1611:
1588:
1565:
1551:
1538:
1457:
1455:
1450:, archived from
1437:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1395:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1326:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1290:
1277:
1270:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1222:
1218:The Sunday Times
1212:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1185:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1152:
1133:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1095:
1080:
1069:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1018:
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1005:
999:
996:
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969:
954:
948:
932:
926:
919:
913:
907:
901:
898:
889:
886:
880:
878:
868:Esplanade Bridge
860:
854:
848:
842:
832:
826:
812:
806:
799:
793:
786:
780:
778:
757:
748:
741:
732:
721:
715:
708:
617:SMRT Corporation
521:Other provisions
408:act of vandalism
401:act of vandalism
367:Barisan Sosialis
110:Assented to
44:
32:
21:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2284:
2263:
2181:
2155:
2151:Women's Charter
2146:Matrimonial law
2132:
2052:
2035:
2025:
2002:
1983:
1950:
1915:
1902:
1864:
1848:Court of Appeal
1823:Judicial system
1816:Judicial branch
1811:
1790:
1747:
1742:
1688:
1682:
1669:
1663:
1644:
1638:
1624:Baratham, Gopal
1622:
1619:
1609:
1592:
1569:
1555:
1542:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1518:Further reading
1465:
1460:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1397:
1389:
1380:
1376:
1370:on 26 June 2010
1357:
1349:
1341:
1328:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1304:on 14 June 2010
1292:
1279:
1272:
1258:
1257:
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1024:
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1006:
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997:
993:
982:
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972:
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933:
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916:
908:
904:
899:
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887:
883:
871:
861:
857:
849:
845:
833:
829:
813:
809:
800:
796:
787:
783:
776:
759:
758:
751:
742:
735:
722:
718:
709:
705:
701:
679:
663:
651:
605:
594:Ong Teng Cheong
567:
551:
523:
461:
445:Public property
404:
396:
336:caning sentence
294:
274:Ong Teng Cheong
153:Wee Toon Boon (
92:Enacted by
79:
76:
71:
70:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2352:
2350:
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2215:
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2205:
2200:
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2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2093:
2091:Kidnapping Act
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
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1874:
1872:
1866:
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1830:
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1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1781:Prime Minister
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1686:
1680:
1667:
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1642:
1636:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1590:
1567:
1553:
1540:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1497:
1490:
1480:
1473:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1432:
1414:
1374:
1325:, 25 June 2010
1308:
1251:
1239:on 6 June 2010
1207:
1167:
1113:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1013:
1000:
991:
970:
949:
927:
914:
902:
890:
881:
855:
843:
827:
819:Prime Minister
807:
794:
781:
774:
749:
733:
716:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
690:
685:
678:
675:
662:
659:
650:
647:
613:Oliver Fricker
607:A 32-year-old
604:
601:
571:Michael P. Fay
566:
563:
550:
547:
522:
519:
482:Michael P. Fay
460:
457:
442:
441:
438:
437:
436:
433:
430:
403:
399:Definition of
397:
395:
392:
326:Prime Minister
306:second reading
293:
290:
281:Oliver Fricker
256:Michael P. Fay
197:
196:
195:26 August 1966
193:
187:
186:
185:26 August 1966
183:
181:Second reading
177:
176:
175:17 August 1966
173:
167:
166:
165:17 August 1966
163:
159:
158:
151:
147:
146:
145:Bill No. 36/66
143:
139:
138:
135:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
113:31 August 1966
111:
107:
106:
105:26 August 1966
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
87:Act 38 of 1966
85:
81:
80:
78:
77:
74:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2351:
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2327:
2325:
2322:
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2317:
2316:
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2299:
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2273:
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2255:
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2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:Charities Act
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:Religious law
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2128:Vandalism Act
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
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2079:
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2074:
2072:
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2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:Irrationality
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1899:
1896:
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1884:
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1876:
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1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1843:Supreme Court
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1808:
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1764:
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1554:
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1522:
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1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
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1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1364:Weekend Today
1361:
1354:, p. A12
1353:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1232:Weekend Today
1228:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1106:. Singapore.
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1032:, paras. 1–2.
1031:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
986:
979:
974:
971:
967:
963:
959:
953:
950:
946:
942:
937:
931:
928:
924:
918:
915:
911:
906:
903:
897:
895:
891:
885:
882:
877:
876:
869:
865:
859:
856:
852:
847:
844:
840:
836:
831:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
808:
804:
798:
795:
791:
785:
782:
777:
771:
767:
763:
756:
754:
750:
746:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
720:
717:
713:
707:
704:
698:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
676:
674:
672:
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660:
658:
656:
648:
646:
643:
639:
634:
629:
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622:
618:
614:
610:
602:
600:
598:
595:
592:
588:
584:
581:
576:
572:
564:
560:
555:
549:Notable cases
548:
546:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
520:
518:
516:
512:
508:
501:
496:
494:
493:
488:
483:
479:
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471:
467:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
439:
434:
431:
428:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:
411:
409:
402:
398:
393:
391:
388:
387:Yong Pung How
385:
384:Chief Justice
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
347:
345:
339:
337:
334:
330:
327:
321:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
291:
289:
286:
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278:
275:
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268:
264:
261:
257:
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250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
231:
226:
225:
221:
216:
212:
208:
204:
194:
192:
191:Third reading
188:
184:
182:
178:
174:
172:
171:First reading
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
150:Introduced by
148:
144:
142:Bill citation
140:
136:
133:
129:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
73:
69:
68:
60:
57:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2118:Sedition Act
2058:Criminal law
1995:
1883:Human rights
1870:Constitution
1860:State Courts
1690:
1671:
1647:
1627:
1594:
1577:
1571:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1530:
1510:
1506:(Singapore).
1499:
1452:the original
1445:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:the original
1403:
1391:
1381:
1377:
1368:the original
1363:
1351:
1343:
1331:
1317:
1311:
1302:the original
1297:
1284:
1274:
1266:The Guardian
1264:
1254:
1244:
1237:the original
1230:
1216:
1210:
1199:
1189:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1147:. New York.
1144:
1125:
1116:
1103:
1087:
1076:
1059:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1008:
1003:
994:
984:
977:
973:
966:young person
965:
961:
952:
935:
930:
917:
909:
905:
884:
873:
858:
850:
846:
841:(Singapore).
834:
830:
822:
815:Lee Kuan Yew
810:
802:
797:
784:
761:
744:
728:
719:
711:
706:
671:Bishan Depot
664:
655:ruling party
652:
621:Changi Depot
606:
583:Bill Clinton
580:US President
568:
559:Central Area
535:
527:non-bailable
524:
510:
503:
498:
490:
477:
475:
462:
444:
443:
420:Commonwealth
407:
405:
400:
370:
360:
349:
341:
329:Lee Kuan Yew
323:
319:
295:
263:Bill Clinton
260:US President
253:
227:
223:
219:
202:
200:
65:
29:
2319:1966 in law
1472:) ("CYPA").
1427:TODAYonline
1247:, p. 3
1137:Royko, Mike
912:, para. 11.
870:underpass:
853:, para. 16.
487:interpreted
2313:Categories
2250:(Repealed)
2138:Family law
2096:Penal Code
2036:resolution
1996:Wednesbury
1956:Illegality
1853:High Court
1807:Parliament
1771:Government
1651:, Ottawa:
1504:High Court
1483:Penal Code
1479:) ("CPC").
1463:References
1386:High Court
1384:SGHC 239,
1145:Daily News
941:Penal Code
839:High Court
642:V.K. Rajah
638:High Court
611:national,
538:Penal Code
416:Government
394:Provisions
379:High Court
302:Parliament
245:High Court
211:Parliament
162:Introduced
67:Long title
2339:Vandalism
2268:Procedure
1878:Elections
1802:President
1766:President
1599:Routledge
1496:) ("VA").
1489:) ("PC").
1286:The Times
1163:. London.
1061:USA Today
1020:VA, s. 7.
998:VA, s. 6.
900:VA, s. 3.
888:VA, s. 2.
864:Falungong
792:) ("VA").
591:President
424:Singapore
375:appellant
333:mandatory
271:President
230:mandatory
215:Singapore
118:Commenced
1941:Remedies
1707:32063464
1626:(1994),
1523:Articles
1323:BBC News
1269:, London
1194:, London
1149:Archived
1130:Archived
1108:Archived
1092:Archived
1066:Archived
936:juvenile
677:See also
597:commuted
587:clemency
542:presumed
277:commuted
267:clemency
84:Citation
1929:General
1776:Cabinet
1586:4401297
667:Germans
531:warrant
476:In the
449:movable
292:History
209:of the
207:statute
102:Enacted
1705:
1678:
1659:
1634:
1605:
1584:
1537:: 1075
1485: (
943: (
817: (
772:
492:ad hoc
447:means
373:, the
2186:Other
1582:JSTOR
1404:Today
1298:Today
962:child
699:Notes
609:Swiss
205:is a
134:title
2016:Bias
1703:OCLC
1676:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1564:: 36
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