1397:
487:, however, they are dissimilar enough from the other Dardic languages to constitute their own branch of the Indo-Iranian language tree. There was also previously confusion on whether Wasi-wari and Prasun were the same or separate languages, but it was determined that both names referred to the same language. Although it is substantially different from the other Nuristani languages, Wasi-wari forms the northern cluster of Nuristâni languages with
1211:
360:. The native names of the language are Vâsi-vari in the Ṣupu dialect, and Vâsi-veri in the Seć dialect, but it is also known as Prasuni, Prasun, Vasi-vari, Pārūni, Pārūn, Veron, Verou, and Veruni. The population of Vâsi-gul is between 3,000-6,000, and there are approximately 8,000 native speakers within the valley and other areas, which makes it a vulnerable language.
372:
that are spoken in six villages. The upper dialect, Ṣupu-vari, is spoken in the northernmost village, Ṣupu (Shtive). The central dialect, üšüt-üćü-zumu-vari, is spoken in the middle four villages, Seć (Pronz), Üćü (Dewa), Üšüt (Kshtoki), and Zumu. The lower dialect, Uṣüt-vare, is spoken in Uṣüt
482:
Wasi-wari is part of the
Nuristani branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which show both Iranian and Indo-Aryan influences, but are otherwise not closely related. Nuristani languages were formerly considered to be
1169:
504:
Wasi-wari has eight vowels, â, u, o, i, e, ü, ö, and the unmarked vowel, a, which is pronounced as a high central vowel, . Long vowels are denoted with the IPA symbol
1438:
271:
and came back to preach Islam, but they also keep some vestiges of their indigenous pre-Islamic religion. Literacy rates are low: below 1% for people who have it as a
1052:
1162:
1467:
348:
Wasi-wari is a language spoken by the Vâsi (Prasuni) people who are located in the Pârun Valley, known as Vâsi-gul, at the beginning of the
1431:
1457:
1155:
1045:
1424:
263:
in 1896. They first followed out of intimidation, then became more devout as younger generations studied
Islamic scriptures in
373:(Pashki), the lowest village. For this article, most cited forms will be based on the Seć dialect unless specified otherwise.
1462:
1038:
168:
1009:
961:
1178:
180:
186:
1404:
230:
102:
505:
241:
107:
1285:
1075:
488:
1376:
1311:
1238:
1061:
245:
237:
112:
1216:
207:
1244:
1085:
917:
916:
Strand, R. F. (2000). Topics in Vâsi
Ethnography: Keepers of the Former Gods. Retrieved from:
905:
353:
313:
260:
1408:
1396:
1360:
1345:
1325:
1254:
1233:
1136:
1131:
1090:
993:
945:
484:
956:
Grierson, G. A. (1919). Specimens of the Dardic or Piśācha languages (including Kāshmīrī).
1332:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1280:
1275:
1119:
1095:
1080:
1004:
Grierson,G. A. (1919). Specimens of the Dardic or Piśācha languages (including Kāshmīrī).
451:
439:
406:
394:
297:
276:
233:
94:
1355:
1318:
1259:
1249:
272:
160:
1451:
1010:
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=8-2&pages=584#page/82/mode/1up
962:
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=8-2&pages=584#page/74/mode/1up
376:
One characteristic feature defining all Wasi-wari dialects is the shift of ancient
17:
1350:
1125:
929:
893:
463:
418:
384:, which was lost in intervocalic position in other Nuristani languages, such as
357:
329:
256:
215:
173:
65:
1024:
904:
Strand, R. F. (2000). Topics in Vâsi
Ethnography: Peacemaking. Retrieved from:
1206:
876:
871:
349:
153:
137:
1147:
144:
470:
458:
446:
434:
425:
413:
401:
389:
320:
304:
292:
264:
369:
1030:
977:
1197:
333:
972:
Strand, R. F. (1973). Notes on the Nūristāni and Dardic languages.
268:
252:
211:
75:
251:
The
Prasuni people are now mostly Muslim since the imposition of
1192:
337:
1151:
1034:
918:
http://nuristan.info/Nuristani/Vasi/VasiCulture/Zaman1.html
906:
http://nuristan.info/Nuristani/Vasi/VasiCulture/Zaman8.html
994:
http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nurestani-languages
946:
http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nurestani-languages
1412:
429:, and the pervasive lenition of initial stops, such as
275:, and between 15% and 25% for people who have it as a
1369:
1268:
1226:
1185:
1112:
1068:
179:
167:
151:
135:
130:
91:
81:
71:
61:
32:
287:The name of the language derives from its endonym
928:Strand, R. F. (2000). The Vâsi. Retrieved from:
892:Strand, R. F. (2000). The Vâsi. Retrieved from:
244:branch. Wasi-wari is the most divergent of the
988:Strand, R. F. (2010). Nurestâni languages. In
940:Strand, R. F. (2010). Nurestâni languages. In
1432:
1163:
1046:
930:http://nuristan.info/Nuristani/Vasi/vasi.html
894:http://nuristan.info/Nuristani/Vasi/vasi.html
52:
44:
8:
27:Indo-Iranian language spoken in Afghanistan
1439:
1425:
1170:
1156:
1148:
1053:
1039:
1031:
29:
328:comes from the two national languages of
974:Journal of the American Oriental Society
619:
520:
864:
469:
457:
445:
433:
424:
412:
400:
388:
319:
303:
291:
7:
1393:
1391:
1027:at the Endangered Languages Project
978:https://www.jstor.org/stable/599462
491:, so they share some similarities.
1411:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
730:chhīza (čiz (Zumu), ćšiza (Uṣüt))
368:Wasi-wari is broken up into three
210:, spoken in a few villages in the
25:
1395:
1209:
976:, 93, 297-305. Retrieved from:
714:zizh (züz (Zumu), źuzu (Uṣüt))
1:
1008:, 8 (2), 67. Retrieved from:
960:, 8 (2), 59. Retrieved from:
308:(whence the alternative name
1468:Indo-European language stubs
218:. It also goes by the name
1484:
1390:
1006:Linguistic Survey of India
958:Linguistic Survey of India
1204:
601:
575:
563:
537:
523:
229:Wasi-wari belongs to the
206:) is the language of the
42:
37:
1458:Languages of Afghanistan
1179:Languages of Afghanistan
296:, with cognates such as
1405:Indo-European languages
882:(subscription required)
53:
45:
1407:-related article is a
1377:Afghan Sign Language
990:Encyclopedia Iranica
942:Encyclopedia Iranica
634:ipin, attege (upün)
438:"wing", compared to
393:"shoe", compared to
1463:Nuristani languages
1062:Nuristani languages
746:vishilhts (višilć)
246:Nuristani languages
214:(Prasun Valley) in
1269:Minority languages
1227:Regional languages
1217:Afghanistan portal
1186:Official languages
992:. Retrieved from:
944:. Retrieved from:
18:Vasi-vari language
1420:
1419:
1385:
1384:
1241:(language family)
1145:
1144:
880:(18th ed., 2015)
854:
853:
770:astilts (âstliz)
762:setilts (setliz)
754:ushulhts (uṣulć)
738:chipults (čpulć)
626:Prasuni (Strand)
613:
612:
474:"feather, wing".
414:[vaˈt͡so]
402:[vaˈt͡sa]
390:[wɘˈzɘlɘ]
354:Nuristan Province
321:[pɽaˈsju]
261:Abdur Rahman Khan
193:
192:
87:8,000 (2011)
16:(Redirected from
1475:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1399:
1392:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1149:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1032:
1012:
1002:
996:
986:
980:
970:
964:
954:
948:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
883:
869:
802:jibeze (žibeze)
620:
521:
507:
485:Dardic languages
473:
461:
449:
437:
428:
426:[oˈt͡sæ]
416:
404:
392:
356:of northeastern
323:
307:
305:[pɽaˈsỹ]
295:
236:, and is on the
189:
163:
147:
140:
97:
56:
48:
30:
21:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1365:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1264:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1181:
1176:
1146:
1141:
1108:
1064:
1059:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1003:
999:
987:
983:
971:
967:
955:
951:
939:
935:
927:
923:
915:
911:
903:
899:
891:
887:
881:
870:
866:
861:
618:
519:
514:
502:
497:
480:
471:[paˈʈæ]
462:"feather", and
459:[paˈʈy]
447:[paˈʈu]
366:
346:
293:[waˈsi]
285:
277:second language
234:language family
185:
159:
143:
136:
126:
98:
95:Language family
93:
84:
83:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1481:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1400:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1370:Sign languages
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:External links
1017:
1014:
1013:
997:
981:
965:
949:
933:
921:
909:
897:
885:
863:
862:
860:
857:
852:
851:
848:
844:
843:
842:chipegzualets
840:
836:
835:
832:
828:
827:
826:chichegzālets
824:
820:
819:
816:
812:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
796:
795:
792:
788:
787:
784:
780:
779:
776:
772:
771:
768:
764:
763:
760:
756:
755:
752:
748:
747:
744:
740:
739:
736:
732:
731:
728:
724:
723:
720:
716:
715:
712:
708:
707:
704:
700:
699:
696:
692:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
668:
667:
664:
660:
659:
656:
652:
651:
648:
644:
643:
640:
636:
635:
632:
628:
627:
624:
617:
614:
611:
610:
605:
600:
596:
595:
590:
585:
580:
577:
573:
572:
567:
562:
558:
557:
552:
547:
542:
539:
535:
534:
531:
528:
525:
518:
515:
513:
510:
501:
498:
496:
493:
479:
478:Classification
476:
435:[wiʈɘ]
365:
362:
345:
342:
284:
281:
273:first language
191:
190:
183:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
157:
149:
148:
141:
133:
132:
131:Language codes
128:
127:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
101:
99:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
62:Native to
59:
58:
40:
39:
38:Prasun, Paruni
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1480:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:(Kalasha-ala)
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
995:
991:
985:
982:
979:
975:
969:
966:
963:
959:
953:
950:
947:
943:
937:
934:
931:
925:
922:
919:
913:
910:
907:
901:
898:
895:
889:
886:
879:
878:
873:
868:
865:
858:
856:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
813:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
781:
778:nalts (nâlć)
777:
774:
773:
769:
766:
765:
761:
758:
757:
753:
750:
749:
745:
742:
741:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
725:
721:
718:
717:
713:
710:
709:
705:
702:
701:
697:
694:
693:
689:
686:
685:
681:
678:
677:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
661:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:
645:
641:
638:
637:
633:
630:
629:
625:
622:
621:
615:
609:
606:
604:
598:
597:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
578:
574:
571:
568:
566:
560:
559:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
540:
536:
532:
529:
526:
522:
516:
511:
509:
499:
494:
492:
490:
486:
477:
475:
472:
468:
465:
460:
456:
453:
448:
444:
441:
436:
432:
427:
423:
420:
415:
411:
408:
403:
399:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
371:
363:
361:
359:
355:
351:
343:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
318:
315:
311:
306:
302:
299:
294:
290:
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
240:group of the
239:
235:
232:
231:Indo-European
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
188:
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
156:
155:
150:
146:
142:
139:
134:
129:
119:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
104:
103:Indo-European
100:
96:
90:
86:
80:
77:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
57:
55:
49:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1413:expanding it
1402:
1387:
1340:
1286:Kamkata-vari
1102:
1076:Kamkata-vari
1005:
1000:
989:
984:
973:
968:
957:
952:
941:
936:
924:
912:
900:
888:
875:
867:
855:
722:wizū (vüzu)
706:leze (leza)
690:aste (âsta)
682:sete (sata)
658:chipū (čpu)
607:
602:
592:
587:
582:
569:
564:
554:
549:
544:
508:, such as .
503:
489:Kamkata-vari
481:
466:
454:
442:
430:
421:
409:
397:
385:
381:
377:
375:
367:
347:
344:Demographics
325:
316:
309:
300:
288:
286:
250:
242:Indo-Iranian
228:
223:
219:
212:Pārūn Valley
203:
199:
195:
194:
181:Linguasphere
152:
117:
108:Indo-Iranian
76:Pārūn Valley
51:
43:
674:ushū (vuṣ)
666:uch (vuču)
650:chhī (ćši)
530:Accusative
527:Nominative
450:"feather",
358:Afghanistan
330:Afghanistan
216:Afghanistan
208:Wasi people
66:Afghanistan
1452:Categories
1312:Ishkashimi
877:Ethnologue
859:References
818:chichegzū
810:lejjibets
512:Vocabulary
350:Pech River
1239:Nuristani
1103:Wasi-wari
1086:Kata-vari
872:Wasi-wari
834:chipegzū
698:nūh (nu)
642:lūe (lü)
533:Genitive
495:Phonology
352:basin in
314:Kata-vari
238:Nuristani
204:Vâsi-veri
200:Vâsi-vari
196:Wasi-wari
154:Glottolog
138:ISO 639-3
118:Wasi-wari
113:Nuristani
54:Vâsi-veri
46:Vâsi-vari
33:Wasi-wari
1122:(Ashkun)
1113:Southern
1105:(Prasun)
1091:Shekhani
1069:Northern
850:ochegzū
786:zū (źu)
616:Numerals
517:Pronouns
370:dialects
364:Dialects
265:Pakistan
187:58-ACB-b
161:pras1239
1361:Zemiaki
1351:Waigali
1346:Tregami
1326:Shughni
1255:Turkmen
1245:Pashayi
1234:Balochi
1137:Zemiaki
1132:Tregami
1126:Waigali
1096:Mumviri
1081:Kamviri
1025:Prasuni
794:lezaij
524:Person
464:Waigali
452:Kamviri
419:Waigali
407:Kamviri
298:Kamviri
255:by the
174:Prasuni
1341:Prasun
1333:Yidgha
1306:Pamiri
1301:Moghol
1296:Kyrgyz
1291:Khowar
1281:Brahui
1276:Ashkun
1250:Tajiki
1198:Pashto
1120:Askunu
623:Number
588:ütyöiš
550:ândeiš
500:Vowels
440:Ashkun
417:, and
395:Ashkun
386:vazala
334:Pashto
326:Pārūni
317:Přâsiu
312:) and
310:Prasun
301:Přâsü̃
259:ruler
257:Afghan
224:Paruni
220:Prasun
72:Region
1403:This
1356:Wakhi
1319:Munji
1260:Uzbek
269:India
253:Islam
1409:stub
1193:Dari
608:âsen
599:pl.
579:sg.
576:2nd
561:pl.
545:unzu
541:sg.
538:1st
467:paṭä
455:pâṭü
443:pâṭu
431:viṭa
410:vâćo
398:vâćâ
338:Dari
336:and
289:Vâsi
283:Name
267:and
874:at
847:100
603:miū
565:âsẽ
506:/:/
422:oćä
380:to
222:or
169:ELP
145:prn
1454::
839:90
831:80
823:70
815:60
807:50
799:40
791:30
783:20
775:19
767:18
759:17
751:16
743:15
735:14
727:13
719:12
711:11
703:10
583:üy
570:âs
555:am
405:,
378:*d
340:.
332:,
324:.
279:.
248:.
226:.
202:,
50:,
1440:e
1433:t
1426:v
1415:.
1171:e
1164:t
1157:v
1054:e
1047:t
1040:v
695:9
687:8
679:7
671:6
663:5
655:4
647:3
639:2
631:1
593:ĩ
382:l
198:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.