40:
223:
504:
816:
141:
549:
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437:
348:
740:, Va., and the first standardized LSTs were floated out of their building dock in October. Twenty-three were in commission by the end of 1942. Lightly armored, they could steam cross the ocean with a full load on their own power, carrying infantry, tanks and supplies directly onto the beaches. Together with 2,000 other landing craft, the LSTs gave the troops a protected, quick way to make combat landings, beginning in summer 1943.
1085:
1043:
971:
400:
790:) and newly developed radar. Their main job was to find and follow the safe routes in to the beach, which were lanes that had been cleared of obstacles and mines. There were eight in the entire Normandy invasion (two per beach). After leading in the first wave, they were to head back out and bring in the second wave. After that, they were used as all-purpose command and control assets during the invasion.
640:
906:) that an amphibious assault might need. Therefore, specialized vessels were developed that incorporated various direct and indirect fire weapons. These included guns and rockets which could be mounted on landing craft and landing ships. As part of the final barrage before an assault, the landing area would be plastered by these types.
830:, came as a result of a British requirement for a vessel that could carry large landing craft across the seas at speed. The first LSD came from a design by Sir Roland Baker and was an answer to the problem of launching small craft rapidly. The Landing Ship Stern Chute, which was a converted train ferry, was an early attempt. Thirteen
604:
522:(ISTDC), attention turned to the means of efficiently delivering a tank to a beach in 1938. Inquires were made of the army as to the heaviest tank that might be employed in a landing operation. The army wanted to be able to land a 12-ton tank, but the ISTDC, anticipating weight increases in future tank models specified 16
580:, director of the Inter-Service Training and Development Centre (which had developed the Landing Craft Assault), gave the job to naval architect Sir Roland Baker, who within three days completed initial drawings for a 152-foot (46 m) landing craft with a 29-foot (8.8 m) beam and a shallow draft. Ship builders
284:
petrol engine drove a centrifugal pump which produced a jet of water, pushing the craft ahead or astern, and steering it, according to how the jet was directed. Speed was 5 to 6 knots (9.3 to 11.1 km/h; 5.8 to 6.9 mph) and its beaching capacity was good. By 1930, three MLC were operated by
631:
quickly set about drawing up plans for landing craft based on
Barnaby's suggestions, although with only one ramp. The result, in early 1942, was the LCT Mark 5, a 117-foot craft that could accommodate five 30-ton or four 40-ton tanks or 150 tons of cargo. This 286-ton landing craft could be shipped
85:
Specialized shipping can be divided into two types, most crudely described as ships and craft. In general, the ships carry the troops from the port of embarkation to the drop point for the assault and the craft carry the troops from the ship to the shore. Amphibious assaults taking place over short
614:
The Mark 3 had an additional 32-foot (9.8 m) midsection that gave it a length of 192 feet (59 m) and a displacement of 640 tons. Even with this extra weight, the vessel was slightly faster than the Mark 1. The Mk.3 was accepted on 8 April 1941. The Mark 4 was slightly shorter and lighter
599:
in
November 1940. It was an all-welded 372-ton steel-hulled vessel that drew only 3 feet (0.91 m) of water at the bow. Sea trials soon proved the Mark 1 to be difficult to handle and almost unmanageable in some sea conditions. The designers set about correcting the faults of the Mark 1 in the
720:
s in the US. During this meeting, it was decided that the Bureau of Ships would design these vessels. The LST(2) design incorporated elements of the first
British LCTs from their designer, Sir Rowland Baker, who was part of the British delegation. This included sufficient buoyancy in the ships'
592:. Tank tests with models soon determined the characteristics of the craft, indicating that it would make 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) on engines delivering about 700 hp (520 kW). Designated the LCT Mark 1, 20 were ordered in July 1940 and a further 10 in October 1940.
845:
door and flooding special compartments opened this area to the sea so that LCI-sized vessels could enter or leave. It took one and a half hours for the dock to be flooded down and two and half to pump it out. When flooded they could also be used as docks for repairs to small craft.
1325:
class types resemble aircraft carriers. However, the role of an amphibious assault ship is fundamentally different from that of an aircraft carrier. Its aviation facilities are not to support strike or air defense aircraft, but for hosting helicopters to support forces ashore.
951:, instead of personnel. The mortars were fired as a barrage onto the beach to clear mines and other obstructions. Having discharged its mortars and its duty, the LCA(HR) would leave the beach area. They were towed to the beach by larger craft, such as the LCTs that carried the
1072:
and the elevation of the launchers set accordingly. The crew then vanished below, apart from the commanding officer who retreated to a special cubbyhole, and the launch was then set off electrically. The launch could comprise the entire set or individual ranks of rockets.
488:(LCA). The result was a small steel ship that could land 200 troops, traveling from rear bases on its own bottom at a speed of up to 15 knots. The original British design was envisioned as being a "one time use" vessel which would simply ferry the troops across the
492:, and were considered an expendable vessel. As such, no troop sleeping accommodations were placed in the original design. This was changed shortly after initial use of these ships, when it was discovered that many missions would require overnight accommodations.
39:
421:. All landing craft designs must find a compromise between two divergent priorities; the qualities that make a good sea boat are opposite those that make a craft suitable for beaching. The craft had a hull built of double-diagonal
1182:
Despite all the progress that was seen during World War II, there were still fundamental limitations in the types of coastline that were suitable for assault. Beaches had to be relatively free of obstacles, and have the right
925:. LCM 1 crews were issued with Lewis guns, and many LCM 3s had .50 in (12.7 mm) Browning machine guns mounted for anti-aircraft protection. Opportunities for troops on board to use their own weapons presented themselves.
622:
When the United States entered the war in
December 1941, the U.S. Navy had no amphibious vessels at all, and found itself obliged to consider British designs already in existence. One of these, advanced by K.C. Barnaby of
2106:
615:
than the Mk.3, but had a much wider beam (38 ft 9 in (11.81 m)) and was intended for cross channel operations as opposed to seagoing use. When tested in early assault operations, like the ill-fated Allied
834:(LCM) could be launched from these ships down the chute. The Landing Ship Gantry was a converted tanker with a crane to transfer its cargo of landing craft from deck to sea - 15 LCM in a little over half an hour.
545:(13 km/h). Depending on the weight of the tank to be transported the craft might be lowered into the water by its davits already loaded or could have the tank placed in it after being lowered into the water.
636:(LST). The Mk.5 would be launched by heeling the LST on its beam to let the craft slide off its chocks into the sea, or cargo ships could lower each of the three sections into the sea where they were joined.
801:, was an amphibious (and sometimes armored) personnel carrier. These were operated by Army personnel, not naval crews and had a capacity of about three tons. The British introduced their own amphibian, the
917:, which were mounted in a light machine gun shelter on the forward-port side of the craft; these could be used both as anti-aircraft protection and against shore targets. Later models were fitted with two
495:
The first LCI(L)s entered service in 1943 chiefly with the Royal Navy and the United States Navy. Some 923 LCI were built in ten
American shipyards and 211 provided under lend-lease to the Royal Navy.
1943:
199:
135 tons and were based on London barges being 105 feet 6 inches (32.2 m) long, 21 feet (6.4 m) wide, and 7 feet 6 inches (2.3 m) deep. The engines mainly ran on
1061:"60 lb" rockets mounted on the covered-over tank deck. The full set of launchers was "in excess of" 1,000 and 5,000 reloads were kept below. The firepower was claimed to be equivalent to 80
1103:
The
Landing Craft Support (Medium) (LCS(M)), Mark 2 and Mark 3 were used by the British forces at Normandy. The crew was Royal Navy, with Royal Marines to operate the weapons: two 0.5 inch
693:, 27 vehicles and nearly 200 men (in addition to the crew) at a speed of 18 knots, it could not have the shallow draught that would have made for easy unloading. As a result, each of the three (
1247:
vessels in the 1950s and 1960s, and converted various fleet and escort carriers for the purpose of providing a helicopter amphibious assault capability. The first of the type envisaged was the
473:. Prior to July 1942, these craft were referred to as "Assault Landing Craft" (ALC), but "Landing Craft; Assault" (LCA) was used thereafter to conform with the joint US-UK nomenclature system.
276:
It weighed 16 tons and had a box-like appearance, having a square bow and stern. To prevent fouling of the propellers in a craft destined to spend time in surf and possibly be beached, a crude
2099:
812:(LCU) was used to transport equipment and troops to the shore. It was capable of transporting tracked or wheeled vehicles and troops from amphibious assault ships to beachheads or piers.
732:, and assorted landing craft. The enormous building program quickly gathered momentum. Such a high priority was assigned to the construction of LSTs that the previously laid keel of an
2092:
222:
1076:
A full reload was a very labor-intensive operation and at least one LCT(R) went alongside a cruiser and got a working party from the larger ship to assist in the process.
1022:(LCG) was another LCT conversion intended to give supporting fire to the landing. Apart from the Oerlikon armament of a normal LCT, each LCG(Medium) had two British Army
998:
early in 1942. The ramp was welded shut, and a deck built on top of the tank deck. They were equipped with several light anti-aircraft guns—a typical fitting was eight
166:
In
February 1915, orders were placed for the design of purpose-built landing craft. A design was created in four days resulting in an order for 200 'X' lighters with a
935:
Some landing craft were converted for special purposes either to provide defence for the other landing craft in the attack or as support weapons during the landing.
503:
581:
519:
369:
619:
in 1942, the lack of manoeuvring ability led to the preference for a shorter overall length in future variants, most of which were built in the United States.
335:, and were produced in large numbers. The boat was a more flexible variant of the LCPR with a wider ramp. It could carry 36 troops, a small vehicle such as a
526:
for mechanised landing craft designs. Another limit on any design was the need to land tanks and other vehicles in less than approximately 2½ feet of water.
1947:
1489:
265:
directly onto a beach. From 1924, it was used with landing boats in annual exercises in amphibious landings. A prototype motor landing craft, designed by
1342:
further expand the range of conditions under which an amphibious assault can take place and increase the speed of transfer of assets from ship to shore.
388:, and to be so shallow drafted as to be able to land them, wet only up to their knees, in eighteen inches of water. All of these specifications made the
1360:
or others hold true, and surface shipping becomes extremely dangerous during future wars of evenly matched powers (due to satellite reconnaissance and
2141:
86:
distances can also involve the shore-to-shore technique, where landing craft go directly from the port of embarkation to the assault point. Some
1502:
1476:
1238:
392:; a separate set of requirements were laid down for a vehicle and supplies carrier, although previously the two roles had been combined in the
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1634:
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2136:
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and economic stringency contributed to the delay in procuring equipment and adopting a universal doctrine for amphibious operations in the
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The method of operation was to anchor off the target beach, pointing towards the shore. The distance to the shore was then measured by
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was hastily removed to make room for several LSTs to be built in her place. The keel of the first LST was laid down on 10 June 1942 at
1463:
1394:
289:
1114:
Landing Craft
Support (Large) had armour added to its wooden hull and a turret with an anti-tank gun fitted. The LCS(L) Mark 1 had a
484:, developed in response to a British request for a vessel capable of carrying and landing substantially more troops than the smaller
368:
In the run-up to WWII, many specialized landing craft, both for infantry and vehicles, were developed. In
November 1938, the British
155:, the mass mobilization of troops equipped with rapid-fire weapons quickly rendered such boats obsolete. Initial landings during the
3041:
1877:
1711:
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and had a crew of 60. On
British examples, the operation of the craft was the responsibility of RN crew and the guns were manned by
328:
2079:
1598:
624:
530:
105:
In the days of sail, ship's boats were used as landing craft. These rowing boats were sufficient, if inefficient, in an era when
2907:
1286:
1839:
1791:
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815:
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802:
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to combat areas in three separate water-tight sections aboard a cargo ship or carried pre-assembled on the flat deck of a
91:
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132:. They transported 1,200 men in the first landing and took onboard 600 men in less than 2 hours for the second landing.
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2728:
1472:
1244:
1231:
1054:
596:
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Due to their small size, most amphibious ships were not given names and were just given serial numbers, for example,
708:
In November 1941, a small delegation from the British Admiralty arrived in the United States to pool ideas with the
140:
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2311:
1573:
1439:
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652:
577:
235:
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The first and last instances of the large use of rubber boats in amphibious operations in World War II were the
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and other vehicles in amphibious assaults upon the continent of Europe. The first purpose-built LST design was
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designation, built to support amphibious operations by carrying significant quantities of vehicles, cargo, and
600:
LCT Mark 2. Longer and wider, with 15 and 20 lb. armoured shielding added to the wheelhouse and gun tubs.
227:
90:
may also be able to land troops and equipment directly onto shore after travelling long distances, such as the
576:
directly onto a beach, able to sustain itself at sea for at least a week, and inexpensive and easy to build.
207:(9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph). The sides of the ships were bullet proof, and was designed with a ramp on the
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2208:
1588:
1542:
1459:
1424:
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44:
31:
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922:
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447:
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in the 1960s, are currently not being designed. However, if the predictions of military experts such as
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1274:
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1097:
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999:
987:
975:
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809:
485:
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403:
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1981:
1346:, which straddle the line between aircraft and ship, have also been proposed for the role in the past.
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by carrying significant quantities of cargo, and landing troops directly onto an unimproved shore, the
2084:
1306:-class amphibious assault vessels. Helicopter amphibious assault techniques were developed further by
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of Cowes built a prototype to the Fleming design. Eight weeks later the craft was doing trials on the
3000:
2604:
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1145:
1115:
772:
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Congress provided the authority for the construction of LSTs along with a host of other auxiliaries,
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sidewalls that they would float even with the tank deck flooded. The LST(2) gave up the speed of HMS
462:
332:
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in 1920, based on their experience with the early 'beetle' armoured transport. The craft could put a
178:
1256:, which never actually saw service as an amphibious assault ship. Delays in the construction of the
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agreed to work out details for the design under the guidance of the Admiralty Experimental Works at
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301:
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became interested in setting up advanced bases in opposing countries during wartime; the prototype
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was larger, each was armed with a 3-inch gun, various smaller guns, and ten MK7 rocket launchers.
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2427:
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841:. The LSD could carry 36 LCM at 16 knots. It had a large open compartment at the back. Opening a
819:
787:
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that the Allies needed relatively large, ocean-going ships capable of shore-to-shore delivery of
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with regard to the development of ships and also including the possibility of building further
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1993:
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2401:
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2218:
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2034:
1795:
1410:
1214:). Two British light fleet carriers were pressed into service to carry helicopters, and a
1141:
713:
628:
489:
414:
381:
266:
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at only 10 knots but had a similar load while drawing only 3 feet forward when beaching.
159:
took place in unmodified rowing boats that were extremely vulnerable to attack from the
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proposed a new type of landing craft. Its specifications were to weigh less than ten
1933:
US Navy ONI 226 Allied Landing Craft and Ships, US Government Printing Office, 1944.
1352:, while proposed during the 1950s, and almost brought to actual construction by the
465:
landing craft of World War II, and the humblest vessel admitted to the books of the
17:
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1027:
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Three flotillas (of 18, 18 and 9 craft) were used at Juno, Gold and Sword beaches.
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768:
320:
189:
106:
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1042:
909:
Amphibious landing craft of WWII were generally fitted out with minimal weaponry.
2048:"Navy Light Amphibious Warship (LAW) Program: Background and Issues for Congress"
1624:
853:. The LSTs were an exception to this, since they were similar in size to a small
3010:
2849:
2748:
2624:
2579:
2467:
2316:
2301:
1357:
1311:
1057:, LCT(R), was an LCT modified to carry a large set of launchers for the British
995:
970:
616:
542:
512:
418:
262:
212:
204:
152:
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program seeks to procure 28 to 30 new light amphibious ships starting in 2023.
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2738:
2288:
2188:
2115:
1900:
The U.S. Marines and Amphibious War Its Theory and Its Practice in the Pacific
1339:
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and submarines. The United States used a 7-man Landing Craft, Rubber (Small) (
932:, on each side of the bridge structure. LSTs had a somewhat heavier armament.
887:
838:
648:
573:
541:-like boat with a crew of 6, could ferry a tank of 16 long tons to shore at 7
466:
352:
251:
208:
174:
2047:
1521:: Landing Ship, Infantry was previously designated as Landing Craft, Infantry
331:. Soon, the Higgins boats were developed to a final design with a ramp - the
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2743:
2558:
2452:
2432:
1215:
914:
895:
430:
336:
186:
1030:. Crewing was similar to the LCF. LCGs played a very important part in the
2037:(uneven-quality private website, but has third-party citations in support)
705:) ordered in March 1941 had a very long ramp stowed behind the bow doors.
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2718:
2589:
2228:
2183:
1211:
523:
518:
Following the successful development of the infantry carrying LCA by the
422:
373:
327:, dubbed the 'Higgins Boats', were reviewed and passed by the U.S. Naval
277:
200:
195:'X' lighters, known to the soldiers as 'beetles', carried about 500 men,
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2839:
2697:
2594:
2457:
2336:
2119:
1912:
891:
854:
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demanded an amphibious vessel capable of landing at least three 36-ton
377:
75:
71:
1218:-sized airborne assault was made. Two of the other carriers involved,
1194:
The first use of helicopters in an amphibious assault came during the
2934:
2662:
2629:
1982:
British Landing Craft of World War II » Naval Historical Society
1203:
1199:
878:; these were all larger than the U.S. design and had proper funnels.
767:
were used by British "combined operations assault pilotage parties" (
644:
589:
114:
943:
The LCA(HR) was a converted British LCA. It carried a battery of 24
533:
in May 1938 with trials completing in February 1940. Constructed of
2422:
1207:
1187:
conditions and the correct slope. However, the development of the
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814:
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The design was developed and built in the US for the USN and the
429:
HT" armour, a heat-treated steel based on D1 steel, in this case
30:
For the more specific article on the LHA, LHD and LPH ships, see
1184:
1153:
1149:
1058:
756:
676:
324:
2088:
1741:"Semper Fidelis: The History of the United States Marine Corps"
1368:
and amphibious assault submarines might deserve another look.
1026:
in armoured mountings, while LCG(L)3 and LCG(L)4 both had two
1260:
class saw other conversions made as a stopgap measure; three
627:, was for a double-ended LCT to work with landing ships. The
113:, participating mostly in small-scale campaigns in far-flung
990:(LCF) was a conversion of the LCT that was intended to give
793:
Very small landing craft, or amphibians, were designed. The
537:
and selectively clad with armour plate, this shallow-draft,
1010:. They carried two naval officers and two marine officers.
376:, to be able to carry the thirty-one men of a British Army
1946:. The Royal Marines Museum. 6 October 2011. Archived from
173:
The first use took place after they had been towed to the
1870:
The Design And Construction Of British Warships 1939-1945
1389:
Hull classification symbol § Amphibious warfare type
315:, the FMF became interested in the military potential of
170:
to take shelving beaches and a drop-down frontal ramp.
1383:
List of United States Navy hull classification symbols
280:
propulsion system was devised by White's designers. A
120:
In order to support amphibious operations during the
1872:, Vol 3 Amphibious Warfare Vessels And Auxiliaries.
1706:, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1994.
1666:, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1994.
1144:
were often used to transport amphibious troops from
994:
support to the landing. They were first used in the
857:. In addition, three British-built LSTs were named:
74:
employed to land and support ground forces, such as
3029:
2948:
2868:
2757:
2711:
2653:
2567:
2486:
2415:
2335:
2287:
2199:
1230:, were converted in the late 1950s into dedicated "
928:LCIs and LCTs carried heavier weapons, such as the
1728:The Watery Maze; the story of Combined Operations
759:during the Invasion of Sicily 1943 (World War II)
117:against less well-equipped indigenous opponents.
1420:has a hangar in addition to the helicopter deck.
1100:was used to give some firepower at close range.
246:, the combination of the negative experience at
1761:, Methuen & Co. Ltd., London 1949. pp. 3–10
667:directly onto an unimproved shore. The British
257:Despite this outlook, the British produced the
211:for disembarkation. A plan was devised to land
1152:) and a 10-man Landing Craft, Rubber (Large) (
288:The United States revived and experimented in
2100:
2018:, Rowman & Littlefield, 1 Jan 2005, p. 46
1743:, (New York City, NY: The Free Press, 1991).
1174:was nicknamed "Admiral of the Condom Fleet".
520:Inter-Service Training and Development Centre
425:planking. The sides were plated with "10lb. D
370:Inter-Service Training and Development Centre
8:
1833:
1831:
1789:Welding & Fabrication of Ships Structure
1545:: Amphibious Command Ship, unrelated to the
1170:in 1943 where the Battalion commander Major
1722:
1720:
1397:for a ship with a well deck depends on its
1338:(Landing Craft Air Cushioned). These large
177:and performed successfully in the 6 August
2107:
2093:
2085:
1334:One of the most recent innovations is the
1107:and a 4-inch mortar to fire smoke shells.
959:, who would complete the beach clearance.
128:built flat-bottomed landing craft, called
568:at its disposal, in 1940, Prime Minister
556:tank emerges from the Tank Landing Craft
292:between 1913 and the mid-1930s, when the
1994:"US Navy Small Landing Craft, 1940-1945"
38:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1615:
1314:and refined during training exercises.
974:Landing craft flaks were equipped with
898:could not necessarily provide all the
339:, or a corresponding amount of cargo.
273:, was built and first sailed in 1926.
203:and ran at a speed of approximately 5
147:amphibious landing, on April 25, 1915.
43:Three US amphibious warfare ships - a
2016:David M. Shoup: A Warrior Against War
1944:"Major Landing Craft of World War II"
1088:Landing Craft Support was armed with
595:The first LCT Mark 1 was launched by
461:remained the most common British and
7:
1686:, Chatham Publishing, London, 1999.
1623:Carlos Lpez Urrutia (30 June 2008).
1191:fundamentally changed the equation.
290:their approach to amphibious warfare
1124:QF 6–pdr (57 mm) anti–tank gun
775:crew) for surveying landing sites.
1395:US Navy hull classification symbol
410:of the 529th Flotilla, Royal Navy.
364:Specialized infantry landing craft
25:
2055:Federation of American Scientists
1840:"The Tin Armada: Saga of the LCT"
1730:, Holt, New York, 1961. pp. 38-43
957:specialist vehicles and equipment
913:crews were issued with .303 inch
786:vessels, carrying only the crew (
499:Specialized vehicle landing craft
329:Bureau of Construction and Repair
2080:In-depth look at various classes
1653:New Vanguard, Osprey Publishing
1599:List of amphibious warfare ships
939:Landing Craft Assault (Hedgehog)
564:Although the Royal Navy had the
319:'s design of a powered, shallow-
215:from pontoons in support of the
1915:. Combinedops.com. 9 March 1943
1475:: Landing Platform Helicopter (
1163:in 1942 and the landing of the
610:off the coast of England, 1944.
78:, on enemy territory during an
27:Ship used in amphibious warfare
2214:Anti-submarine warfare carrier
1442:: Landing Helicopter Assault (
1431:has a full-length flight deck.
1046:Landing Craft Gun carried two
949:Hedgehog anti-submarine weapon
765:Landing Craft Navigation (LCN)
659:A further development was the
1:
2132:Naval ship classes in service
1572:: Landing Craft Repair Ship (
1566:: Auxiliary Personnel Assault
1350:Amphibious assault submarines
2600:Harbour defence motor launch
1547:Landing Craft, Control (LCC)
671:in 1940 demonstrated to the
304:officially evolved into the
2883:Ballistic missile submarine
2729:Mine countermeasures vessel
2028:Submarine aircraft carriers
1462:: Landing Helicopter Dock (
1245:landing platform helicopter
1178:Early Cold War developments
1055:Landing Craft Tank (Rocket)
982:to defend against aircraft.
780:Landing Craft Control (LCC)
311:In 1939, during the annual
3086:
3070:Amphibious warfare vessels
2930:Submarine aircraft carrier
2312:Pre-dreadnought battleship
2122:in 19th and 20th centuries
1996:. Ibiblio.org. 25 May 2006
1913:"Accessed 18th March 2008"
1386:
886:It was soon realized that
404:Royal Navy Beach Commandos
298:United States Marine Corps
219:, but this was abandoned.
29:
2825:General stores issue ship
2494:Amphibious transport dock
2269:Merchant aircraft carrier
2259:Interdiction Assault Ship
2127:
1488:: Landing Platform Dock (
1165:1st Battalion 6th Marines
1120:QF 2–pdr (40 mm) gun
955:assault teams with their
782:were 56-foot (17 m)
653:Allied invasion of Sicily
236:Aleutian Islands Campaign
2903:Deep-submergence vehicle
2893:Cruise missile submarine
2820:Fast combat support ship
2463:Guided-missile destroyer
2321:Standard-type battleship
1554:: Auxiliary Command Ship
1527:: Landing Ship Logistics
1377:Light Amphibious Warship
1265:-class aircraft carriers
1137:Inflatable landing craft
1048:25-pounder gun-howitzers
1028:4.7 inch naval guns
1024:25-pounder gun-howitzers
921:, and two Lewis or .303
832:Landing Craft Mechanized
566:Landing Craft Mechanised
531:John I. Thornycroft Ltd.
228:Landing Craft Mechanized
2499:Amphibious warfare ship
2209:Amphibious assault ship
1589:Amphibious assault ship
1399:facilities for aircraft
1237:The US Navy built five
923:Bren light machine guns
799:Landing Vehicle Tracked
669:evacuation from Dunkirk
482:amphibious assault ship
313:Fleet Landing Exercises
61:amphibious warfare ship
45:landing helicopter dock
32:Amphibious assault ship
2575:Armed boarding steamer
2539:Landing Ship Logistics
2534:Landing ship, infantry
2360:Guided missile cruiser
2264:Light aircraft carrier
2033:5 October 2011 at the
1604:Amphibious ready group
1344:Ground effect vehicles
1298:) were converted into
1093:
1050:
983:
823:
760:
656:
611:
561:
515:
478:Landing Craft Infantry
454:
450:, during training for
448:Landing Craft Infantry
411:
360:
239:
148:
56:
2775:Auxiliary repair dock
2724:Destroyer minesweeper
2620:Ocean boarding vessel
2524:Landing Craft Support
2519:Landing craft carrier
2239:Fighter catapult ship
1807:Buffetaut 1994, p. 49
1779:Saunders 1943, p. 11.
1533:: Landing Ship Medium
1501:: Landing Ship Dock (
1387:Further information:
1290:-class escort carrier
1146:high speed transports
1131:Landing Craft Support
1098:Landing Craft Support
1087:
1080:Landing Craft Support
1045:
973:
930:Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
818:
810:Landing Craft Utility
751:
642:
606:
551:
529:Design work began at
506:
486:Landing Craft Assault
459:Landing Craft Assault
439:
408:Landing Craft Assault
402:
390:Landing Craft Assault
357:Landing Craft Assault
351:Canadian landings at
350:
225:
217:Third Battle of Ypres
143:
49:landing platform dock
42:
3001:Littoral combat ship
2554:Landing Ship Vehicle
2297:Coastal defence ship
1759:Assault From the Sea
1651:British Mark IV tank
1116:Daimler armoured car
1105:Vickers machine guns
1090:Vickers machine guns
1038:Landing Craft Rocket
1032:Walcheren operations
773:Special Boat Service
507:Two examples of the
179:landing at Suvla Bay
18:Vehicle landing ship
2855:Replenishment oiler
2758:Command and support
2544:Landing Ship Medium
2407:Unprotected cruiser
2249:Flight deck cruiser
1868:Brown, D.K. (Ed.),
1850:on 2 September 2011
1794:6 July 2001 at the
1726:Fergusson, Bernard
1626:Guerra Del Pacifico
1560:: Attack cargo ship
1539:: Landing Ship Tank
1330:Future developments
1122:. The Mark 2 had a
1065:or 200 destroyers.
1004:QF 2 pdr "pom-poms"
980:QF 2 pdr "pom-poms"
947:, the Royal Navy's
820:Amphibious vehicles
394:Motor Landing Craft
302:advanced base force
259:Motor Landing Craft
213:British heavy tanks
126:Government of Chile
95:-class landing ship
2971:Breastwork monitor
2835:Joint support ship
2790:Combat stores ship
2585:Coastal motor boat
2549:Landing Ship, Tank
2529:Landing Ship Heavy
2428:Convoy rescue ship
2254:Helicopter carrier
1970:Nelson to Vanguard
1739:Allan R. Millett,
1373:United States Navy
1362:anti-ship missiles
1094:
1051:
988:Landing Craft Flak
984:
966:Landing Craft Flak
824:
788:Scouts and Raiders
761:
710:United States Navy
661:Landing Ship, Tank
657:
634:Landing Ship, Tank
612:
562:
516:
455:
412:
361:
306:Fleet Marine Force
294:United States Navy
240:
157:Gallipoli campaign
149:
122:landing in Pisagua
88:tank landing ships
80:amphibious assault
69:amphibious vehicle
57:
3052:
3051:
2956:Armed merchantman
2898:Cruiser submarine
2888:Coastal submarine
2655:Fast attack craft
2509:Dock landing ship
2387:Protected cruiser
2370:Pocket battleship
2327:Treaty battleship
2317:Super-dreadnought
2201:Aircraft carriers
2149:Operational zones
1898:Isely and Crowl,
1889:Brown, D.K. p.143
1636:978-1-4357-1183-9
1232:commando carriers
1161:Makin Island raid
1034:in October 1944.
1020:Landing Craft Gun
1014:Landing Craft Gun
828:Landing Ship Dock
730:destroyer escorts
647:LST off-loads an
570:Winston Churchill
480:was a stepped up
428:
382:assault engineers
109:were effectively
53:landing ship dock
16:(Redirected from
3077:
2991:Floating battery
2925:Midget submarine
2878:Attack submarine
2860:Submarine tender
2810:Destroyer tender
2640:Submarine chaser
2504:Attack transport
2448:Escort destroyer
2443:Destroyer leader
2438:Destroyer escort
2345:Aircraft cruiser
2159:Green-water navy
2154:Brown-water navy
2109:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2052:
2044:
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2019:
2012:
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2001:
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1984:
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1920:
1909:
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1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1866:
1860:
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1857:
1855:
1846:. Archived from
1835:
1826:
1825:Ladd, 1976, p.42
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1770:Buffetaut, p. 26
1768:
1762:
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1744:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1702:Buffetaut, Yves
1700:
1694:
1680:
1674:
1662:Buffetaut, Yves
1660:
1654:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1620:
1172:William K. Jones
1168:Battle of Tarawa
1142:Inflatable boats
1118:turret with its
904:suppressive fire
822:inside a US LSD.
734:aircraft carrier
511:during the 1942
426:
343:Second World War
285:the Royal Navy.
244:inter-war period
168:spoon-shaped bow
163:shore defences.
21:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3055:
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3053:
3048:
3042:Sailing vessels
3025:
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2915:Fleet submarine
2864:
2845:Net laying ship
2770:Ammunition ship
2753:
2707:
2649:
2563:
2482:
2411:
2402:Torpedo cruiser
2382:Merchant raider
2350:Armored cruiser
2331:
2307:Fast battleship
2283:
2274:Seaplane tender
2219:Balloon carrier
2195:
2179:Central battery
2164:Blue-water navy
2123:
2113:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2035:Wayback Machine
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2014:Jablon, Howard
2013:
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1992:
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1980:
1976:
1967:
1963:
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1796:Wayback Machine
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1682:Bruce, Colin J
1681:
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1648:
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1637:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1585:
1411:helicopter deck
1391:
1385:
1332:
1180:
1000:20 mm Oerlikons
976:20 mm Oerlikons
884:
746:
714:Bureau of Ships
629:Bureau of Ships
597:Hawthorn Leslie
560:, 26 April 1942
501:
490:English Channel
433:'s Resista ÂĽ".
366:
345:
308:(FMF) in 1933.
267:J. Samuel White
185:, commanded by
138:
103:
35:
28:
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2807:
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2797:
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2782:
2780:Auxiliary ship
2777:
2772:
2767:
2765:Amenities ship
2761:
2759:
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2637:
2635:Steam gun boat
2632:
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2397:Strike cruiser
2394:
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2341:
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2291:
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2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2234:Escort carrier
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:Gun placement
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2089:
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2082:
2075:
2074:External links
2072:
2069:
2068:
2039:
2020:
2007:
1985:
1974:
1961:
1950:on 9 June 2014
1935:
1926:
1904:
1891:
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1861:
1838:Basil Hearde.
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1504:Whidbey Island
1496:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1433:
1432:
1421:
1414:
1384:
1381:
1331:
1328:
1310:forces in the
1249:escort carrier
1179:
1176:
1139:
1138:
1082:
1081:
1063:light cruisers
1040:
1039:
1016:
1015:
968:
967:
953:Royal Engineer
945:spigot mortars
941:
940:
919:2 inch mortars
883:
880:
745:
742:
691:infantry tanks
686:. To carry 13
665:landing troops
617:raid on Dieppe
500:
497:
365:
362:
344:
341:
317:Andrew Higgins
137:
134:
111:light infantry
102:
99:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3082:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3021:Training ship
3019:
3017:
3016:River monitor
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Drone carrier
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:Barracks ship
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:Miscellaneous
2947:
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2938:
2936:
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2921:
2920:Human torpedo
2918:
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2851:
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2843:
2841:
2840:Naval tugboat
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2830:Hospital ship
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Dispatch boat
2813:
2811:
2808:
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2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:Naval trawler
2613:
2611:
2610:Naval drifter
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
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2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
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2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Landing craft
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2485:
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2421:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Scout cruiser
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2377:Light cruiser
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2365:Heavy cruiser
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:Battlecruiser
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
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2290:
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2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Fleet carrier
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Battlecarrier
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
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2198:
2190:
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2057:. 7 June 2021
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1902:(1951) ch 3
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1878:0-85177-675-2
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51:(rear) and a
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19:
2976:Capital ship
2961:Arsenal ship
2800:Crane vessel
2795:Command ship
2734:Mine planter
2712:Mine warfare
2678:Missile boat
2645:Torpedo boat
2605:Motor launch
2568:Patrol craft
2498:
2473:Radar picket
2279:Supercarrier
2059:. Retrieved
2054:
2042:
2023:
2015:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1988:
1977:
1969:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1948:the original
1938:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1907:
1899:
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1869:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1848:the original
1843:
1821:
1816:Bruce, p. 10
1812:
1803:
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1775:
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1757:Maund, LEH.
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1649:Fletcher, D
1645:
1629:. Lulu.com.
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1206:invasion of
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323:boat. These
310:
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190:Edward Unwin
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92:
84:
64:
60:
58:
36:
3011:Mother ship
2850:Repair ship
2749:Minesweeper
2625:Patrol boat
2580:Armed yacht
2302:Dreadnought
2289:Battleships
2116:Naval ships
1968:Brown D K,
1704:D-Day Ships
1664:D-Day Ships
1491:San Antonio
1358:John Keegan
1312:Vietnam War
1092:and mortar.
996:Dieppe Raid
902:(including
888:battleships
651:during the
625:Thornycroft
574:heavy tanks
513:Dieppe Raid
419:River Clyde
415:J. S. White
263:medium tank
242:During the
234:during the
153:World War I
3065:Ship types
3059:Categories
3037:Ship types
2996:Guard ship
2870:Submarines
2805:Depot ship
2739:Minehunter
1854:15 January
1844:ww2lct.org
1610:References
1564:AP/APA/LPA
1435:Examples:
1340:hovercraft
1304:Thetis Bay
1295:Thetis Bay
1288:Casablanca
1285:) and one
1189:helicopter
1112:Fairmile H
915:Lewis Guns
896:destroyers
839:Royal Navy
797:-designed
753:LCI(L) 196
649:M4 Sherman
586:John Brown
582:Fairfields
554:Crusader I
467:Royal Navy
386:signallers
353:Juno Beach
252:Royal Navy
145:Anzac Cove
93:Ivan Rogov
47:leading a
2744:Minelayer
2559:Troopship
2487:Transport
2453:Escorteur
2433:Destroyer
2174:Broadside
2142:auxiliary
2137:submarine
1366:transport
1276:Princeton
1216:battalion
1002:and four
978:and four
873:HMS
866:HMS
859:HMS
784:U.S. Navy
763:Nine-ton
688:Churchill
681:HMS
673:Admiralty
441:USS
406:aboard a
380:and five
374:long tons
282:Hotchkiss
248:Gallipoli
201:heavy oil
197:displaced
187:Commander
2986:Flagship
2719:Danlayer
2590:Corvette
2468:KaibĹŤkan
2337:Cruisers
2229:CAM ship
2184:Casemate
2120:warships
2031:Archived
1792:Archived
1684:Invaders
1583:See also
1575:Achelous
1478:Iwo Jima
1364:), then
1308:American
1258:Iwo Jima
1240:Iwo Jima
1212:Suez War
892:cruisers
875:Thruster
803:Terrapin
703:Thruster
655:in 1943.
645:Canadian
431:Hadfield
423:mahogany
278:waterjet
183:IX Corps
130:chalanas
115:colonies
67:) is an
3030:Related
3006:Monitor
2940:Wet sub
2785:Collier
2703:Shin'yĹŤ
2698:PT boat
2595:Gunboat
2458:Frigate
2189:Turrets
2061:10 June
1954:16 June
1880:, p.143
1714:, p. 11
1558:AKA/LKA
1452:America
1221:Bulwark
1204:Israeli
868:Bruiser
855:cruiser
851:LCT 304
699:Bruiser
608:LCT-202
558:TLC-124
443:LCI-326
378:platoon
355:in the
321:draught
161:Ottoman
151:During
136:Origins
107:marines
101:History
76:marines
72:warship
2935:U-boat
2663:E-boat
2630:Q-ship
2416:Escort
2000:10 May
1919:10 May
1876:
1710:
1690:
1670:
1633:
1578:class)
1445:Tarawa
1409:has a
1319:Tarawa
1302:- and
1279:, and
1242:-class
1227:Albion
1200:French
755:and a
701:, and
590:Haslar
175:Aegean
65:amphib
55:(fore)
2478:Sloop
2423:Aviso
2051:(PDF)
1972:p 145
1513:class
1506:class
1493:class
1480:class
1467:class
1454:class
1447:class
1300:Boxer
1270:Boxer
1263:Essex
1208:Egypt
1196:Anglo
1185:tidal
1154:LCR-L
1150:LCR-S
1070:radar
861:Boxer
843:stern
744:Other
723:Boxer
718:Boxer
695:Boxer
683:Boxer
677:tanks
543:knots
539:barge
535:steel
509:LCM 1
471:D-Day
452:D-Day
271:Cowes
232:Kiska
205:knots
2908:DSRV
2693:MTSM
2118:and
2063:2021
2002:2009
1956:2014
1921:2009
1874:ISBN
1856:2011
1708:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1465:Wasp
1393:The
1371:The
1336:LCAC
1323:Wasp
1321:and
1317:The
1224:and
1110:The
1096:The
1059:RP-3
1053:The
1018:The
986:The
894:and
871:and
826:The
795:U.S.
778:The
771:and
757:DUKW
584:and
476:The
457:The
446:, a
337:jeep
333:LCVP
325:LCPL
296:and
63:(or
2688:MTM
2683:MTB
2673:MGB
2668:MAS
1798:MOD
1570:ARL
1552:AGF
1543:LCC
1537:LST
1531:LSM
1525:LSL
1519:LSI
1499:LSD
1486:LPD
1473:LPH
1460:LHD
1440:LHA
1429:LHA
1427:or
1425:LHD
1423:An
1418:LPD
1416:An
1407:LSD
1405:An
1375:'s
1234:".
1156:).
911:LCA
712:'s
469:on
384:or
269:of
230:in
226:US
209:bow
181:of
59:An
3061::
2053:.
1842:.
1830:^
1748:^
1719:^
1508:,
1449:,
1401::
1273:,
1126:.
890:,
864:,
808:A
805:.
697:,
643:A
552:A
396:.
254:.
192:.
97:.
82:.
2323:)
2319:(
2108:e
2101:t
2094:v
2065:.
2004:.
1958:.
1923:.
1858:.
1639:.
1515:)
1495:)
1482:)
1469:)
1456:)
1413:.
1292:(
1267:(
1202:-
1198:-
427:I
359:.
238:.
34:.
20:)
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