1629:
222:
incidence of bilateral and unilateral sphenoidal emissary foramen was 22.85% (8 out of 35 skulls) and 20% (7 out of 35 skulls) respectively. Regarding the differences between the male and the female sex, no remarkable differences were observed, although the occurrence of the foramen was more in females compared to males (found in 13 sides in females and in 10 sides in males).
264:
52:
37:
224:
The skulls with one foramen were most frequent; those with two followed it and those with 3 (sphenoidal emissary) foramina were least frequent. Lang (1983) reported that the sphenoidal emissary foramen was present in about 40% of his material. It was found on the right side in 49% of the cases and in
221:
In another study, the differences between the right and the left side as well as the differences between the male and the female sex were noted. Out of the 70 sides observed (35 skulls total), the sphenoidal emissary foramen was present in 32.85% of the cases (20.0% right side, 12.85% left side). The
241:
of the base of the skull were reviewed, the significance of asymmetry was investigated. In a large number of cases, the foramen was remarkably symmetric, and where there was asymmetry, it signified abnormality in four of the six cases. Abnormal causes of asymmetry included invasion by nasopharyngeal
217:
The sphenoidal emissary foramen varies in size in different individuals, and is not always present on both sides of the sphenoid bone (one on each great wing of the sphenoid). In a study conducted under 100 skulls, the sphenoidal emissary foramen was only present in 17% of the cases, and it was
1649:
254:. Thus, for the usually symmetric sphenoidal emissary foramina, asymmetry is more likely the result of a pathologic process than a normal variant. Ginsberg, Pruett, Chen and Elster did not find that asymmetry indicated disease in a study under 123 CT studies.
228:
In the newborn, the foramen is about 1.0 mm in length, in the adults at the right side about 2 mm and at the left side 1.4 mm. The width increases from 1.0 to 1.14 mm at the right side and from 1.0 to 1.3 mm at the left side.
205:
from an extracranial source may reach the cavernous sinus. The mean area of the foramen is small, which may suggest that it plays a minor role in the dynamics of
113:
403:
Kodama K, Inoue K, Nagashima M, Matsumura G, Watanabe S, Kodama G (1997). "Studies on the foramen vesalius in the
Japanese juvenile and adult skulls".
592:
89:
454:
Lang J, Maier R, Schafhauser O (1984). "Postnatal enlargement of the foramina rotundum, ovale et spinosum and their topographical changes".
376:
Reymond J, Charuta A, Wysocki J (2005). "The morphology and morphometry of the foramina of the greater wing of the human sphenoid bone".
1515:
1399:
1198:
1037:
237:
Though the sphenoidal emissary foramen is small and variable, it is consistently symmetrical. In a study in which 50 high-resolution
1118:
1100:
1047:
931:
1539:
715:
693:
639:
1654:
1534:
767:
1316:
1162:
108:
1619:
56:
Base of the skull. Upper surface. (Sphenoid is yellow, and sphenoidal emissary foramen is labeled at bottom of sphenoid.)
1371:
958:
924:
430:
1595:
1258:
703:
1600:
585:
243:
1384:
1379:
1174:
1125:
1089:
971:
698:
649:
120:
1431:
1361:
1628:
524:"Skull-base foramina of the middle cranial fossa: reassessment of normal variation with high-resolution CT"
1436:
1351:
1275:
96:
84:
431:"Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus V: Skeletal Systems: Cranium - Sphenoid Bone"
1552:
1464:
1334:
1032:
578:
273:
150:
296:"A morphologic and morphometric study of foramen vesalius in dry adult human skulls of gujarat region"
1577:
1547:
1179:
1135:
1022:
914:
1562:
1356:
1167:
897:
775:
1508:
1469:
1298:
1017:
688:
622:
1448:
1270:
1253:
1248:
1206:
1130:
1009:
840:
830:
740:
723:
565:
545:
504:
463:
412:
385:
355:
325:
278:
251:
206:
158:
138:
1498:
1344:
1329:
1306:
1285:
1280:
1145:
1075:
1027:
986:
887:
874:
780:
755:
659:
535:
494:
315:
307:
194:
1650:
Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
1557:
1443:
1414:
1265:
1060:
1055:
976:
966:
941:
845:
750:
728:
671:
198:
1633:
1419:
1293:
1085:
1080:
882:
855:
796:
733:
613:
540:
523:
499:
482:
320:
295:
247:
162:
1643:
1585:
1567:
1243:
1238:
1220:
1150:
1108:
1070:
1064:
1000:
981:
946:
850:
835:
822:
644:
311:
269:
146:
41:
1503:
1483:
1113:
865:
676:
654:
601:
44:. Upper surface. (Sphenoidal emissary foramen labeled at left, fourth from bottom.)
189:
If at all present, the sphenoidal emissary foramen gives passage to a small vein (
1389:
605:
346:
Gupta N, Ray B, Ghosh S (2005). "Anatomic characteristics of foramen vesalius".
142:
17:
919:
169:
was the first to describe and illustrate this foramen, and is also called the
806:
570:
101:
389:
359:
329:
549:
508:
481:
Lanzieri CF, Duchesneau PM, Rosenbloom SA, Smith AS, Rosenbaum AE (1988).
467:
416:
1186:
902:
238:
202:
166:
157:, may occasionally be seen (it is often absent) opposite the root of the
126:
801:
201:. The importance of this passage lies in the fact that an infected
51:
36:
635:
72:
574:
522:
Ginsberg LE, Pruett SW, Chen MY, Elster AD (February 1994).
483:"The significance of asymmetry of the foramen of Vesalius"
1617:
435:
1576:
1524:
1491:
1482:
1457:
1398:
1370:
1315:
1228:
1219:
1197:
1099:
1046:
1008:
999:
957:
873:
864:
821:
789:
766:
714:
621:
612:
107:
95:
83:
71:
66:
61:
29:
294:Raval, BB; Singh, PR; Rajguru, J (February 2015).
1189:in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
586:
8:
300:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
1488:
1225:
1005:
870:
618:
593:
579:
571:
50:
35:
539:
498:
341:
339:
319:
161:. When present, it opens below near the
1624:
405:The Hokkaido Journal of Medical Science
371:
369:
286:
268:This article incorporates text in the
124:
26:
7:
348:Kathmandu University Medical Journal
528:American Journal of Neuroradiology
487:American Journal of Neuroradiology
209:in the venous system of the head.
25:
1627:
262:
694:Internal occipital protuberance
640:External occipital protuberance
225:36% of the cases on the left.
1:
312:10.7860/JCDR/2015/11632.5553
1259:Posterior clinoid processes
704:Groove for transverse sinus
276:of the 20th edition of
155:sphenoidal emissary foramen
30:Sphenoidal emissary foramen
1671:
378:Folia Morphologica Warszaw
246:with drainage through the
244:carotid-cavernous fistula
119:
49:
34:
1385:Anterior clinoid process
1380:Superior orbital fissure
1126:Internal auditory meatus
972:Fossa for lacrimal gland
699:Internal occipital crest
650:External occipital crest
242:melanoma, angiofibroma,
179:canaliculus sphenoidalis
153:, a small aperture, the
121:Anatomical terms of bone
1362:Sulcus of auditory tube
1276:Middle clinoid process
173:. Other names include
1655:Foramina of the skull
1553:Superior nasal concha
1033:Petrotympanic fissure
456:Anatomischer Anzeiger
1548:Supreme nasal concha
1180:Petrosquamous suture
1136:Stylomastoid foramen
1023:Suprameatal triangle
915:Supraorbital foramen
193:) that connects the
1563:Middle nasal concha
1516:Perpendicular plate
1357:Infratemporal crest
898:Superciliary arches
776:Pharyngeal tubercle
1591:ethmoidal foramina
1509:Olfactory foramina
1470:Sphenoidal conchae
1307:Sphenoidal sinuses
1299:Sphenoidal lingula
1018:Articular tubercle
689:Cruciform eminence
114:53157 54785, 53157
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1478:
1477:
1304:Anterior surface:
1271:Chiasmatic groove
1254:Hypophysial fossa
1249:Tuberculum sellae
1236:Superior surface:
1215:
1214:
1207:Suprameatal spine
1163:Inferior tympanic
1131:Cochlear aqueduct
1038:Zygomatic process
995:
994:
932:Zygomatic process
831:Parietal eminence
817:
816:
741:Hypoglossal canal
566:Foramina of skull
252:neurofibromatosis
207:blood circulation
159:pterygoid process
139:base of the skull
135:
134:
130:
16:(Redirected from
1662:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1540:Uncinate process
1499:Cribriform plate
1489:
1427:pterygoid plates
1291:Lateral surface:
1281:Petrosal process
1226:
1146:Subarcuate fossa
1076:Occipital groove
1028:Mandibular fossa
1006:
987:Frontonasal duct
888:Frontal eminence
871:
841:Parietal foramen
756:Jugular tubercle
660:Suprainiac fossa
619:
595:
588:
581:
572:
554:
553:
543:
519:
513:
512:
502:
478:
472:
471:
451:
445:
444:
442:
441:
427:
421:
420:
400:
394:
393:
373:
364:
363:
343:
334:
333:
323:
291:
266:
265:
195:pterygoid plexus
191:vein of Vesalius
171:foramen Vesalius
149:, medial to the
127:edit on Wikidata
54:
39:
27:
21:
18:Vein of Vesalius
1670:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1626:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1572:
1558:Superior meatus
1532:Lateral surface
1520:
1474:
1453:
1444:Pterygoid canal
1401:
1394:
1366:
1311:
1266:Ethmoidal spine
1211:
1193:
1175:Styloid process
1095:
1061:Mastoid process
1056:Mastoid foramen
1042:
991:
977:Trochlear fovea
967:Ethmoidal notch
953:
942:Sagittal sulcus
860:
846:Sagittal sulcus
813:
785:
762:
751:Jugular process
729:Condyloid fossa
710:
608:
599:
562:
557:
521:
520:
516:
480:
479:
475:
453:
452:
448:
439:
437:
429:
428:
424:
402:
401:
397:
375:
374:
367:
345:
344:
337:
293:
292:
288:
263:
260:
235:
223:
218:always single.
215:
199:cavernous sinus
187:
175:foramen venosum
131:
78:foramen venosum
57:
45:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:Medial surface
1542:
1537:
1535:Orbital lamina
1528:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1495:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1294:Carotid groove
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1086:Mastoid antrum
1083:
1081:Sigmoid sulcus
1078:
1073:
1068:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
992:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
963:
961:
955:
954:
952:
951:
950:
949:
944:
934:
929:
928:
927:
922:
917:
907:
906:
905:
900:
890:
885:
883:Frontal suture
879:
877:
868:
862:
861:
859:
858:
856:Sagittal crest
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
827:
825:
819:
818:
815:
814:
812:
811:
810:
809:
804:
797:Foramen magnum
793:
791:
787:
786:
784:
783:
778:
772:
770:
764:
763:
761:
760:
759:
758:
753:
743:
738:
737:
736:
734:Condylar canal
731:
720:
718:
712:
711:
709:
708:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
681:
680:
679:
674:
664:
663:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
627:
625:
616:
610:
609:
600:
598:
597:
590:
583:
575:
569:
568:
561:
558:
556:
555:
514:
473:
446:
422:
395:
365:
335:
285:
279:Gray's Anatomy
259:
256:
248:emissary veins
234:
231:
214:
211:
186:
183:
163:scaphoid fossa
133:
132:
123:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
99:
93:
92:
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
40:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1667:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:Ethmoid sinus
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1568:Middle meatus
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1244:Dorsum sellae
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:Sella turcica
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1199:Tympanic part
1196:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1151:Jugular fossa
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Carotid canal
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:Mastoid notch
1069:
1066:
1065:Mastoid cells
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1010:Squamous part
1007:
1004:
1002:
998:
988:
985:
983:
982:Frontal sinus
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
960:
956:
948:
947:Frontal crest
945:
943:
940:
939:
938:
935:
933:
930:
926:
925:Foramen cecum
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
911:
908:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
876:
875:Squamous part
872:
869:
867:
863:
857:
854:
852:
851:Sagittal keel
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
836:Temporal line
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
824:
820:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
795:
794:
792:
788:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
769:
765:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
744:
742:
739:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
725:
722:
721:
719:
717:
716:Lateral parts
713:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
645:Occipital bun
643:
641:
637:
634:
633:
632:
629:
628:
626:
624:
623:Squamous part
620:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
596:
591:
589:
584:
582:
577:
576:
573:
567:
564:
563:
559:
551:
547:
542:
537:
534:(2): 283–91.
533:
529:
525:
518:
515:
510:
506:
501:
496:
493:(6): 1201–4.
492:
488:
484:
477:
474:
469:
465:
462:(5): 351–87.
461:
457:
450:
447:
436:
432:
426:
423:
418:
414:
411:(6): 667–74.
410:
406:
399:
396:
391:
387:
384:(3): 188–93.
383:
379:
372:
370:
366:
361:
357:
354:(10): 155–8.
353:
349:
342:
340:
336:
331:
327:
322:
317:
313:
309:
306:(2): AC04-7.
305:
301:
297:
290:
287:
284:
283:
280:
277:
275:
271:
270:public domain
257:
255:
253:
249:
245:
240:
232:
230:
226:
219:
212:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
184:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:foramen ovale
148:
147:sphenoid bone
144:
140:
128:
122:
118:
115:
112:
110:
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43:
42:Sphenoid bone
38:
33:
28:
19:
1590:
1544:
1531:
1504:Crista galli
1426:
1409:
1339:
1324:
1303:
1290:
1235:
1184:
1157:
1140:
1114:Facial canal
1101:Petrous part
1048:Mastoid part
959:Orbital part
936:
909:
892:
768:Basilar part
745:
683:
666:
655:Nuchal lines
630:
602:Neurocranium
531:
527:
517:
490:
486:
476:
459:
455:
449:
438:. Retrieved
434:
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154:
136:
90:A02.1.05.037
77:
1390:Optic canal
1372:Small wings
1317:Great wings
143:great wings
67:Identifiers
1644:Categories
1158:canaliculi
920:Brow ridge
440:2006-04-09
258:References
185:Importance
1596:Posterior
1578:Labyrinth
1415:Pterygoid
1402:processes
1400:Pterygoid
807:Opisthion
672:Occipital
614:Occipital
233:Asymmetry
213:Structure
197:with the
141:, in the
1601:Anterior
1525:Surfaces
1420:Scaphoid
1345:Spinosum
1330:Rotundum
1325:foramina
1229:Surfaces
1221:Sphenoid
1187:ossicles
1001:Temporal
937:internal
910:foramina
903:Glabella
893:external
823:Parietal
684:internal
631:external
560:See also
390:16228954
360:16415612
330:25859437
274:page 150
239:CT scans
203:thrombus
167:Vesalius
1634:Anatomy
1484:Ethmoid
1449:Hamulus
1432:Lateral
1340:Vesalii
1185:(note:
1168:Mastoid
866:Frontal
746:jugular
724:Condyle
604:of the
550:8192074
541:8334600
509:3143245
500:8331922
468:6486466
417:9465318
321:4378719
145:of the
137:In the
62:Details
1620:Portal
1492:Plates
1437:Medial
1410:fossae
1286:Clivus
1141:fossae
1119:Hiatus
1090:Aditus
802:Basion
781:Clivus
677:Nuchal
667:planes
548:
538:
507:
497:
466:
415:
388:
358:
328:
318:
282:(1918)
250:, and
1458:Other
1352:Spine
1335:Ovale
790:Other
636:Inion
606:skull
272:from
125:[
73:Latin
1465:Body
546:PMID
505:PMID
464:PMID
413:PMID
386:PMID
356:PMID
326:PMID
177:and
85:TA98
536:PMC
495:PMC
460:156
316:PMC
308:doi
109:FMA
102:623
97:TA2
1646::
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532:15
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409:72
407:.
382:64
380:.
368:^
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338:^
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1622::
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1088:(
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1063:(
638:/
594:e
587:t
580:v
552:.
511:.
491:9
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443:.
419:.
392:.
362:.
352:3
332:.
310::
304:9
129:]
20:)
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