142:(idolaters), were also among those killed. Following their defeat, the Basques blocked the rivers and mountain passes, frustrating any further Umayyad advance. Ṣaltān was probably the leader of a faction of pagan Basques.
387:
59:
record that "the
Navarri and the Pamplonans, who had defected to the Saracens in recent years, were received back into allegiance" in 806. Velasco must be seen as a pro-
316:
101:) and the "enemy of God". There is no record of Velasco receiving any assistance from his Frankish allies. In fact, the Umayyad governor of
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326:
280:. Pamplona: Diputación Foral de Navarra, Institución Príncipe de Viana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
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330:
125:
55:
382:
136:, who was himself half-Basque. The "best knight of Pamplona", Sancho, and a certain Ṣaltān, leader of the
133:
145:
Nothing is heard of
Velasco after his defeat in 816, but he was no longer lord of Pamplona by 824, when
79:
392:
117:
60:
146:
128:"without truce" along the river Arum, Velasco was defeated and the Álavan leader, García López (
71:
312:
293:
97:
87:ʿAbd al-Karīm led an expedition against Velasco, whom he describes as the "lord of Pamplona" (
359:
Pérez de Úrbel, Justo (1954). "Lo viejo y lo nuevo sobre el origen del reino de
Pamplona".
110:
88:
20:
376:
285:
83:
75:
47:
138:
121:
102:
42:
Velasco may have come to power in 799 in the uprising that overthrew the
36:
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32:
120:. The Asturian contingent included some Basques from the region of
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El
Condado de Castilla (711–1038): la historia frente a la leyenda
113:
that year, perhaps to forestall just such a
Frankish reaction.
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200:
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196:
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175:
46:
rule in
Pamplona, when Muṭarrif ibn Mūsa, probably of the
337:
de Ibn Hayyan sobre los orígenes del reino de
Pamplona".
116:
Velasco did receive assistance from the neighbouring
354:. Vol. 1. Valladolid: Marcial Pons Historia.
132:), was killed. This García was a cousin of King
388:9th-century people from the Kingdom of Pamplona
109:, even sent an embassy to the Frankish emperor
222:
258:
8:
183:
63:leader, perhaps even a Frankish appointee.
278:La campaña musulmana de Pamplona: año 924
234:
210:
171:
163:
247:Lévi-Provençal & García Gómez 1954
176:Lévi-Provençal & García Gómez 1954
7:
92:
24:
309:Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796–1031
14:
292:. London: Blackwell Publishing.
350:Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2005).
276:Cañada Juste, Alberto (1976).
66:According to the 11th-century
1:
333:(1954). "Textos inéditos del
170:This is the Romanization of
311:. London: Wiley Blackwell.
409:
50:, was assassinated there.
39:in the early 9th century.
126:thirteen days of fighting
327:Lévi-Provençal, Évariste
307:Collins, Roger (2012).
56:Annales Regni Francorum
134:Alfonso II of Asturias
331:García Gómez, Emilio
188:Balashk al-Chalashqí
223:Pérez de Úrbel 1954
118:Kingdom of Asturias
74:, in the year 816 (
261:, pp. 217–18.
259:Martínez Díez 2005
249:, pp. 296–97.
213:, pp. 207–08.
149:was ruling there.
17:Velasco the Basque
318:978-1-118-73001-0
184:Cañada Juste 1976
180:Balašk al-Ŷalašqi
107:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān II
93:صاحب بنبلونة
53:The contemporary
29:Balask al-Galaski
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130:Garsiya ibn Lubb
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111:Louis the Pious
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237:, p. 124.
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383:Basque people
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345:(2): 295–315.
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269:Bibliography
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242:
235:Collins 1990
230:
225:, p. 4.
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211:Collins 2012
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179:
172:Collins 2012
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147:Íñigo Arista
144:
137:
129:
115:
96:
82:
67:
65:
54:
52:
41:
28:
25:بلشك الجلشقي
16:
15:
393:Upper March
290:The Basques
377:Categories
367:(1): 1–42.
361:Al-Andalus
339:Al-Andalus
153:References
72:Ibn Ḥayyān
31:) was the
78:200) the
48:Banu Qasi
35:ruler of
335:Muqtabis
288:(1990).
124:. After
103:Zaragoza
80:Córdoban
68:Muqtabis
61:Frankish
37:Pamplona
44:Umayyad
315:
296:
182:; and
89:Arabic
33:Basque
21:Arabic
186:uses
158:Notes
139:majūs
122:Álava
98:ṣāḥib
84:ḥājib
313:ISBN
294:ISBN
178:use
70:of
379::
365:19
363:.
343:19
341:.
329:;
195:^
174:;
95:,
91::
76:AH
27:,
23::
321:.
302:.
190:.
19:(
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