Planetary system - Knowledge (XXG)

648: 1116: 460: 594: 939: 226: 48: 3341:, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Pamela Arriagada, Mikko Tuomi, Mathias Zechmeister, James S. Jenkins, Aviv Ofir, Stefan Dreizler, Enrico Gerlach, Chris J. Marvin, Ansgar Reiners, Sandra V. Jeffers, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Pedro J. Amado, Cristina Rodríguez-López, Zaira M. Berdiñas, Julian Morin, Jeff D. Crane, Stephen A. Shectman, Ian B. Thompson, Mateo Díaz, Eugenio Rivera, Luis F. Sarmiento, Hugh R.A. Jones, (Submitted on June 3, 2014) 6550: 5033: 6600: 1005:

independent of the planetary mass. Single and multiple planets could be captured into arbitrary unaligned orbits, non-coplanar with each other or with the stellar host spin, or pre-existing planetary system. Some planet–host metallicity correlation may still exist due to the common origin of the stars from the same cluster. Planets would be unlikely to be captured around

1042: 6624: 2643:(in Russian) – "Studying of a curve of change of shine of WASP-12b has brought to the Russian astronomers unusual result: regular splashes were found out.<...> Though stains on a star surface also can cause similar changes of shine, observable splashes are very similar on duration, a profile and amplitude that testifies for benefit of exomoon existence." 6588: 6612: 6561: 391: 3632: 1081:, but not so near the star that the atmosphere completely evaporates. As with the habitable zone, the location of the Venus zone depends on several factors, including the type of star and properties of the planets such as mass, rotation rate, and atmospheric clouds. Studies of the Kepler spacecraft data indicate that 32% of 2652:

Dvorak, R.; Pilat-Lohinger, E.; Bois, E.; Schwarz, R.; Funk, B.; Beichman, C.; Danchi, W.; Eiroa, C.; Fridlund, M.; Henning, T.; Herbst, T.; Kaltenegger, L.; Lammer, H.; Léger, A.; Liseau, R.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Paresce F, Penny, A.; Quirrenbach, A.; Röttgering, H.; Selsis, F.; Schneider, J.; Stam,

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do not hold. In hierarchical systems the planets are arranged so that the system can be gravitationally considered as a nested system of two-bodies, e.g. in a star with a close-in hot Jupiter with another gas giant much further out, the star and hot Jupiter form a pair that appears as a single object

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the pulsar itself out of the system at high velocity so any planets that had survived the explosion would be left behind as free-floating objects. Planets found around pulsars may have formed as a result of pre-existing stellar companions that were almost entirely evaporated by the supernova blast,

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Habitable zones have usually been defined in terms of surface temperature; however, over half of Earth's biomass is from subsurface microbes, and temperature increases as depth underground increases, so the subsurface can be conducive for life when the surface is frozen; if this is considered, the

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The habitable zone around a star is the region where the temperature range allows for liquid water to exist on a planet; that is, not too close to the star for the water to evaporate and not too far away from the star for the water to freeze. The heat produced by stars varies depending on the size

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explosions of high-mass stars, but a planetary system that existed before the supernova would likely be mostly destroyed. Planets would either evaporate, be pushed off of their orbits by the masses of gas from the exploding star, or the sudden loss of most of the mass of the central star would see

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Lebreton, J.; van Lieshout, R.; Augereau, J.-C.; Absil, O.; Mennesson, B.; Kama, M.; Dominik, C.; Bonsor, A.; Vandeportal, J.; Beust, H.; Defrère, D.; Ertel, S.; Faramaz, V.; Hinz, P.; Kral, Q.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Liu, W.; Thébault, P. (2013). "An interferometric study of the Fomalhaut inner debris

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are expected to have very low mutual inclinations, so the system (at least the close-in part) would be even flatter than the Solar System. Captured planets could be captured into any arbitrary angle to the rest of the system. As of 2016 there are only a few systems where mutual inclinations have

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Bonfils, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Delfosse, Xavier; Udry, Stéphane; Mayor, Michel; Perrier, Christian; Bouchy, François; Pepe, Francesco; Queloz, Didier; Bertaux, Jean-Loup (2005). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets VI: A Neptune-mass planet around the nearby M dwarf Gl 581".

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in open clusters have similar velocities to the stars and so can be recaptured. They are typically captured into wide orbits between 100 and 10 AU. The capture efficiency decreases with increasing cluster size, and for a given cluster size it increases with the host/primary mass. It is almost

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If an evolved star is in a binary or multiple system, then the mass it loses can transfer to another star, forming new protoplanetary disks and second- and third-generation planets which may differ in composition from the original planets, which may also be affected by the mass transfer.

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di Folco, E.; Absil, O.; Augereau, J.-C.; Mérand, A.; Coudé du Foresto, V.; Thévenin, F.; Defrère, D.; Kervella, P.; ten Brummelaar, T. A.; McAlister, H. A.; Ridgway, S. T.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N. H. (2007). "A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris disk stars".

910:. Giant planets are found in mean-motion resonances more often than smaller planets. In interacting systems the planets' orbits are close enough together that they perturb the orbital parameters. The Solar System could be described as weakly interacting. In strongly interacting systems 3329:(1 and 2 and 3) ((1) Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Penn State University, (2) Center for Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, Penn State University, (3) The Penn State Astrobiology Research Center), (Submitted on May 11, 2015 (v1), last revised June 1, 2015 (this version, v2)) 511:

or scattering, have been proposed for the formation of large planets close to their parent stars. At present, few systems have been found to be analogous to the Solar System with terrestrial planets close to the parent star. More commonly, systems consisting of multiple

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Absil, O.; Le Bouquin, J.-B.; Berger, J.-P.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Chauvin, G.; Lazareff, B.; Zins, G.; Haguenauer, P.; Jocou, L.; Kern, P.; Millan-Gabet, R.; Rochat, S.; Traub, W. (2011). "Searching for faint companions with VLTI/PIONIER. I. Method and first results".

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and age of the star; this means the habitable zone will also vary accordingly. Also, the atmospheric conditions on the planet influence the planet's ability to retain heat so that the location of the habitable zone is also specific to each type of planet.

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For the purpose of this, terrestrial-sized means 0.5–1.4 Earth radii, the "Venus zone" means the region with approximately 1 to 25 times Earth's stellar flux for M and K-type stars and approximately 1.1 to 25 times Earth's stellar flux for G-type

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Planetary systems can be categorized according to their orbital dynamics as resonant, non-resonant-interacting, hierarchical, or some combination of these. In resonant systems the orbital periods of the planets are in integer ratios. The

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when they form. Planets could even be captured around other planets to form free-floating planet binaries. After the cluster has dispersed some of the captured planets with orbits larger than 10 AU would be slowly disrupted by the

4625: 4620: 1181:. Generally, the youngest stars, the extreme population I, are found farther in and intermediate population I stars are farther out, etc. The Sun is considered an intermediate population I star. Population I stars have regular 4615: 1151:. So far, the indications are that planets are more common in the disk than the bulge. Estimates of the distance of microlensing events is difficult: the first planet considered with high probability of being in the bulge is 317:

His theories gained popularity through the 19th and 20th centuries despite a lack of supporting evidence. Long before their confirmation by astronomers, conjecture on the nature of planetary systems had been a focus of the

4610: 1250:. Planet formation is affected by the ages, metallicities, and orbits of stellar populations within a galaxy. Distribution of stellar populations within a galaxy varies between the different types of galaxies. Stars in 503:. However, other planetary systems can have quite different architectures. Studies suggest that architectures of planetary systems are dependent on the conditions of their initial formation. Many systems with a 2722:

Deitrick, Russell; Barnes, Rory; McArthur, Barbara; Quinn, Thomas R.; Luger, Rodrigo; Antonsen, Adrienne; Fritz Benedict, G. (2014). "The 3-dimensional architecture of the Upsilon Andromedae planetary system".

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After planets, circumstellar disks are one of the most commonly-observed properties of planetary systems, particularly of young stars. The Solar System possesses at least four major circumstellar disks (the

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Mamajek thinks his team could be either observing the late stages of planet formation if the transiting object is a star or brown dwarf, or possibly moon formation if the transiting object is a giant planet

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theory that Earth and other planets orbit the Sun, put forward the view that the fixed stars are similar to the Sun and are likewise accompanied by planets. He was burned at the stake for his ideas by the

1643:"It's the End of a World as We Know It - Astronomers spotted a dying star swallowing a large planet, a discovery that fills in a "missing link" in understanding the fates of Earth and many other planets" 310:. Making a comparison to the Sun's planets, he wrote "And if the fixed stars are the centres of similar systems, they will all be constructed according to a similar design and subject to the dominion of 1954:"The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS) VI. Introducing KOBE: Kepler Observes Bern Exoplanets - Theoretical perspectives on the architecture of planetary systems: Peas in a pod" 483:

they engulf the inner planets, evaporating or partially evaporating them depending on how massive they are. As the star loses mass, planets that are not engulfed move further out from the star.

4605: 3219:, V. Batista, J.-P. Beaulieu, A. Gould, D.P. Bennett, J.C Yee, A. Fukui, B.S. Gaudi, T. Sumi, A. Udalski, (Submitted on October 14, 2013 (v1), last revised October 30, 2013 (this version, v3)) 4767: 4632: 1676:"The Juicy Secrets of Stars That Eat Their Planets - As scientists study thousands of planets around the galaxy, they are learning more about worlds that get swallowed up by their stars" 3010: 2498: 751:

As of November 2014 there are 5,253 known Solar System comets and they are thought to be common components of planetary systems. The first exocomets were detected in 1987 around

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is just an artefact of stellar activity and that Kapteyn c needs more study to be confirmed. The metallicity of Kapteyn's star is estimated to be about 8 times less than the Sun.

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The massive planets of a system are close to the star and smaller planets are further away from the star. There are currently no known examples of this architecture class.

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Beust, H.; Lagrange-Henri, A.M.; Vidal-Madjar, A.; Ferlet, R. (1990). "The Beta Pictoris circumstellar disk. X - Numerical simulations of infalling evaporating bodies".

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Based on observations of the Solar System's large collection of natural satellites, they are believed common components of planetary systems; however, the existence of

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which led to the gradual acceptance of the idea that the Earth moves around the Sun and that the planets are governed by the same physical laws that governed Earth.

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F, G, or K. One reason is that planet-search programs have tended to concentrate on such stars. In addition, statistical analyses indicate that lower-mass stars (

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stars. Several candidates have been identified, but spectroscopic follow-up studies of their atmospheres are required to determine whether they are like Venus.

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During formation of a system, much material is gravitationally-scattered into distant orbits, and some planets are ejected completely from the system, becoming

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is highest. The high metallicity of population I stars makes them more likely to possess planetary systems than older populations, because planets form by the

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For the purpose of this 1 in 5 statistic, "habitable zone" means the region with 0.25 to 4 times Earth's stellar flux (corresponding to 0.5–2 AU for the Sun).

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Charles H. Lineweaver (2000). "An Estimate of the Age Distribution of Terrestrial Planets in the Universe: Quantifying Metallicity as a Selection Effect".

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Stuart J. Weidenschilling & Francesco Marzari (1996). "Gravitational scattering as a possible origin for giant planets at small stellar distances".

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D.; Tinetti, G.; White, G.; "Dynamical habitability of planetary systems", Institute for Astronomy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, January 2010

1952:

Mishra, Lokesh; Alibert, Yann; Leleu, Adrien; Emsenhuber, Alexandre; Mordasini, Christoph; Burn, Remo; Udry, Stéphane; Benz, Willy (December 1, 2021).

1211:) times less metallicity than the Sun. These objects formed during an earlier time of the universe. Intermediate population II stars are common in the 531:

The masses of all planets in a system are similar to each other. This architecture class is the most commonly-observed in our galaxy. Examples include

4654: 3606: 4858: 4637: 4474: 319: 361: 759:. There are now a total of 11 stars around which the presence of exocomets have been observed or suspected. All discovered exocometary systems ( 4807: 3200: 3018: 524:

Planetary system architectures may be partitioned into four classes based on how the mass of the planets is distributed around the host star:

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of fallback matter surrounding a pulsar. Fallback disks of matter that failed to escape orbit during a supernova may also form planets around

6433: 4782: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4355: 3181: 1507:. The work of Aristarchus's in which he proposed his heliocentric system has not survived. We only know of it now from a brief passage in 4464: 4454: 3480:

Ozernoy, Leonid M.; Gorkavyi, Nick N.; Mather, John C.; Taidakova, Tanya A. (2000). "Signatures of Exosolar Planets in Dust Debris Disks".

2015:; et al. (2008). "The Keck Planet Search: Detectability and the Minimum Mass and Orbital Period Distribution of Extrasolar Planets". 1652: 1895:"Framework for the architecture of exoplanetary systems - II. Nature versus nurture: Emergent formation pathways of architecture classes" 4500: 4434: 3548: 1471: 1239: 248: 6408: 5727: 4919: 4792: 4642: 4449: 4326: 256:, published in 1543, presented the first mathematically predictive heliocentric model of a planetary system. 17th-century successors 4825: 4459: 3371: 2367:

Ferlet, R.; Vidal-Madjar, A.; Hobbs, L. M. (1987). "The Beta Pictoris circumstellar disk. V - Time variations of the CA II-K line".

1557: 1452: 1418: 1397: 1140: 4520: 4510: 3998: 2791: 2460:

Lecavelier Des Etangs, A.; et al. (1997). "HST-GHRS observations of candidate β Pictoris-like circumstellar gaseous disks".

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Stark, C.; Kuchner, M. (2008). "The Detectability of Exo-Earths and Super-Earths Via Resonant Signatures in Exozodiacal Clouds".

6120: 4595: 4546: 4469: 4374: 4350: 4321: 4308: 3611: 2428:

Lagrange-Henri, A. M.; Beust, H.; Ferlet, R.; Vidal-Madjar, A.; Hobbs, L. M. (1990). "HR 10 - A new Beta Pictoris-like star?".

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have been studied in the Solar System and analogs are believed to be present in other planetary systems. Exozodiacal dust, an

6649: 6413: 6050: 5069: 4551: 4188: 1298: 135: 860:

Unlike the Solar System, which has orbits that are nearly circular, many of the known planetary systems display much higher

6460: 6327: 4924: 4777: 4424: 4379: 323: 6578: 6443: 6394: 6369: 5662: 4851: 4414: 1036: 5747: 153:

of planetary systems where planets could have surface liquid water, and thus, the capacity to support Earth-like life.

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also contain high numbers of population II stars. In 2014, the first planets around a halo star were announced around

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Studies in 2013 indicate that an estimated 22±8% of Sun-like stars have an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone.

6644: 6448: 6379: 6349: 4590: 4585: 4575: 4333: 3993: 2540: 2538:

Kiefer, F.; Lecavelier Des Etangs, A.; et al. (2014). "Exocomets in the circumstellar gas disk of HD 172555".

2462: 2430: 2398: 2369: 841: 695:. Based on observations of numerous similar disks, they are assumed to be quite common attributes of stars on the 6455: 6332: 6309: 5891: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 4820: 4570: 4258: 4248: 4243: 4228: 4223: 4023: 3907: 1090: 1086: 756: 702: 1617:"Sculpting Solar Systems - ESO's SPHERE instrument reveals protoplanetary discs being shaped by newborn planets" 459: 5598: 5472: 5107: 4580: 4525: 4386: 4193: 4173: 3933: 3576: 3339:

Two planets around Kapteyn's star : a cold and a temperate super-Earth orbiting the nearest halo red-dwarf

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The masses of planets in a system show large increasing or decreasing variations. Examples of such systems are

6125: 5794: 938: 2996: 6374: 5924: 5834: 5776: 5702: 5273: 5199: 4844: 4802: 4762: 4505: 4429: 4003: 3541: 1102: 826: 476: 39: 5149: 1953: 1894: 1836:"Framework for the architecture of exoplanetary systems - I. Four classes of planetary system architecture" 1835: 1675: 1496: 593: 6535: 6515: 6287: 6282: 6075: 6024: 5829: 5819: 5492: 5290: 5258: 5132: 4515: 4396: 4008: 3958: 943: 848:, is a strong candidate for a natural satellite. Indications suggest that the confirmed extrasolar planet 804: 655: 626: 622: 618: 610: 6389: 6359: 6354: 6344: 6272: 6060: 5226: 5036: 4909: 4484: 4128: 4028: 3862: 3123: 2817:

Winn, Joshua N.; Fabrycky, Daniel C. (2015). "The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems".

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have potentially Venus-like planets based on planet size and distance from star, increasing to 45% for

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The mass of the planets in a system tends to increase with increasing distance from the host star. The

6530: 6428: 6418: 6267: 6235: 6029: 5824: 5809: 5122: 5013: 4772: 4752: 4362: 4033: 3948: 3644: 3571: 3499: 3452: 3397: 3295: 3248: 3145: 3065: 2971: 2914: 2836: 2686: 2559: 2507: 2471: 2439: 2407: 2378: 2306: 2252: 2195: 2141: 2088: 2034: 1975: 1916: 1857: 1778: 1725: 1642: 1582: 1106: 861: 816: 588: 464: 208: 5369: 4203: 3197: 1231:, the nearest halo star to Earth, around 13 light years away. However, later research suggests that 225: 6628: 6130: 5990: 5973: 5644: 5546: 4967: 4565: 4113: 4093: 4048: 4018: 3827: 3822: 3621: 1820: 1321:. Data for Sun-like stars were not available so this statistic is an extrapolation from data about 1288: 833:

similar to the events believed to have led to the formation of terrestrial planets like the Earth.

508: 402: 381: 365: 285: 253: 64: 47: 3178: 2768: 1534::787:2a. "For his advocacy of an infinity of suns and earths, he was burned at the stake in 1600." 6616: 6604: 6525: 6486: 6438: 6423: 6337: 6277: 6200: 6110: 6080: 6070: 6014: 5936: 5627: 5263: 5062: 4982: 4972: 4161: 4108: 4078: 4038: 3953: 3653: 3534: 3515: 3489: 3468: 3442: 3430: 3353:, G. Gonzalez, (Submitted on March 14, 2005 (v1), last revised March 21, 2005 (this version, v2)) 3264: 3238: 3161: 3135: 3055: 2932: 2904: 2871: 2852: 2826: 2750: 2732: 2704: 2676: 2625: 2575: 2549: 2322: 2296: 2268: 2242: 2211: 2185: 2157: 2131: 2104: 2078: 2050: 2024: 1965: 1906: 1847: 1802: 1751: 1715: 1680: 1647: 1293: 1247: 1074: 1070: 890: 642: 566: 377: 229: 200: 108: 2593: 3386:"Galaxy morphology in rich clusters - Implications for the formation and evolution of galaxies" 796: 6476: 5961: 5901: 5874: 5854: 5654: 5438: 5426: 5253: 5233: 5187: 5169: 5137: 4409: 4253: 4198: 4068: 4043: 3791: 3786: 3735: 3585: 3367: 3326: 3093: 1993: 1934: 1875: 1794: 1743: 1553: 1513: 1448: 1414: 1393: 1365: 1259: 1251: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1212: 1190: 962:

The Kepler Dichotomy among the M Dwarfs: Half of Systems Contain Five or More Coplanar Planets

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is 100,000 light-years across, but 90% of planets with known distances are within about 2000

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such as quasi-satellites, trojans and exchange orbits; and interlocking orbits maintained by

772: 360:. The frequency of detections has increased since then, particularly through advancements in 6592: 6304: 6257: 6195: 6173: 6168: 6095: 6055: 6002: 5784: 5707: 5682: 5576: 5497: 5221: 5182: 4904: 4797: 4787: 4535: 3988: 3978: 3902: 3832: 3817: 3507: 3460: 3405: 3303: 3256: 3153: 3083: 3073: 2979: 2922: 2844: 2840: 2742: 2694: 2567: 2563: 2515: 2475: 2443: 2411: 2382: 2314: 2310: 2260: 2256: 2203: 2199: 2149: 2096: 2092: 2042: 1983: 1979: 1924: 1920: 1865: 1861: 1786: 1733: 1208: 1204: 1182: 1110: 927: 911: 714: 480: 301: 297: 265: 185: 6491: 6294: 6163: 6007: 5978: 5919: 5914: 5789: 5517: 5482: 5416: 5362: 5357: 5302: 5112: 4278: 4073: 3973: 3897: 3887: 3666: 3204: 3185: 1704:"The origin of planetary system architectures - I. Multiple planet traps in gaseous discs" 1186: 1019: 884:. Many compact systems with multiple close-in planets interior to the equivalent orbit of 688: 261: 257: 204: 1018:

and likely become free-floating again through encounters with other field stars or giant

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On the origin of planets at very wide orbits from the recapture of free-floating planets

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Mishra, Lokesh; Alibert, Yann; Udry, Stéphane; Mordasini, Christoph (February 1, 2023).

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Mishra, Lokesh; Alibert, Yann; Udry, Stéphane; Mordasini, Christoph (February 1, 2023).

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The spacings between orbits vary widely amongst the different systems discovered by the

687:) and clearly-observable disks have been detected around nearby solar analogs including 83:

constitute a planetary system, although such systems may also consist of bodies such as

6553: 6319: 6158: 5985: 5956: 5931: 5864: 5553: 5421: 5307: 5209: 5099: 5089: 4962: 4138: 4133: 3983: 3938: 3847: 3088: 3041: 2962:

Amend, J. P.; Teske, A. (2005). "Expanding frontiers in deep subsurface microbiology".

1546: 1271: 1263: 1243: 1144: 877: 829:, and confirmed by ground observations, suggests the involvement of large asteroids or 680: 630: 444: 406: 281: 150: 3464: 2614: 1466: 625:. Nevertheless, several tens of planets around red dwarfs have been discovered by the 6638: 6505: 6299: 6262: 6230: 6105: 5814: 5637: 5608: 5586: 5204: 5177: 5154: 5055: 5018: 5003: 4268: 3943: 3882: 3837: 3776: 3771: 3746: 3681: 3671: 3661: 3165: 3157: 2927: 2892: 2754: 2746: 2708: 2699: 2664: 2579: 2494:"Circumstellar Gas-Disk Variability Around A-Type Stars: The Detection of Exocomets?" 2012: 1755: 1738: 1703: 1603: 1255: 1148: 1015: 983: 919: 881: 760: 752: 710: 696: 672: 606: 496: 438:

them escape the gravitational hold of the star, or in some cases the supernova would

346: 342: 166: 3472: 3268: 2936: 2640: 2345: 2326: 2272: 2215: 2161: 2108: 2054: 1606:, Paul Duffell, Matteo Cantiello, Andrew MacFadyen, (Submitted on December 17, 2013) 6565: 6240: 6190: 6185: 6085: 5968: 5951: 5909: 5869: 5804: 5687: 5632: 5613: 5593: 5571: 5563: 5406: 5399: 5238: 5159: 5142: 4977: 4914: 4894: 4889: 4419: 4404: 4298: 4288: 4180: 4103: 3872: 3852: 3842: 3740: 3676: 3519: 2856: 1806: 1390:

The Universal Book of Astronomy, from the Andromeda Galaxy to the Zone of Avoidance

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of Earth, as of July 2014. One method that can detect planets much further away is

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was in 1992, with the discovery of several terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the

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of metals. The Sun is an example of a metal-rich star. These are common in the

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The Solar System and the Exoplanet Orbital Eccentricity - Multiplicity Relation

6065: 5762: 5735: 5712: 5692: 5677: 5529: 5433: 5411: 5389: 5384: 5248: 5008: 4316: 4083: 3857: 3781: 3707: 3686: 1508: 1174: 903: 684: 542: 532: 448: 241: 237: 189: 1997: 1938: 1879: 1747: 169:

is the doctrine that the Sun is at the centre of the universe, as opposed to

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MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb: First Microlensing Planet possibly in the Habitable Zone

3078: 1232: 1216: 1178: 1128: 1082: 845: 800: 726: 706: 614: 546: 472: 434: 357: 335: 131: 96: 3260: 3097: 1616: 1333:

For the purpose of this 1 in 5 statistic, Earth-sized means 1–2 Earth radii

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could use microlensing to measure the relative frequency of planets in the

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system: the planets c and d have a mutual inclination of about 30 degrees.

188:, which often refers to the Sun as the "centre of spheres". Some interpret 1798: 1203:, are those with relatively low metallicity which can have hundreds (e.g. 721:

dust that fill the plane of the Solar System has been detected around the

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leaving behind planet-sized bodies. Alternatively, planets may form in an

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are known to be common while other objects are more difficult to observe.

30:"Solar systems" redirects here. For the Sun and its planetary system, see 17: 6245: 5946: 5620: 5379: 5352: 4283: 4156: 3447: 3350: 3243: 2083: 1267: 990:

Are Planetary Systems Filled to Capacity? A Study Based on Kepler Results

952:

On The Relative Sizes of Planets Within Kepler Multiple Candidate Systems

865: 849: 837: 822: 730: 718: 692: 88: 3126:(2014). "On the Frequency of Potential Venus Analogs from Kepler Data". 621:

M) are less likely to have planets massive enough to be detected by the

6520: 5995: 5757: 5524: 5477: 5460: 5455: 5374: 4168: 2769:"NASA – Out of Whack Planetary System Offers Clues to a Disturbed Past" 980:

The period ratio distribution of Kepler's candidate multiplanet systems

776: 395: 269: 60: 3429:

Kóspál, Ágnes; Ardila, David R.; Moór, Attila; Ábrahám, Péter (2009).

6510: 6498: 5717: 5603: 4884: 4479: 3807: 3631: 3566: 3323:

Stellar activity mimics a habitable-zone planet around Kapteyn's star

1790: 1266:

activity. The distribution of the different types of galaxies in the

430: 339: 80: 3011:"Astronomers answer key question: How common are habitable planets?" 2176:

disk. III. Detailed models of the exozodiacal disk and its origin".

507:

gas giant very close to the star have been found. Theories, such as

390: 6560: 3511: 3410: 3385: 3322: 3308: 3283: 2681: 2520: 2493: 2455: 2453: 2153: 2046: 1970: 1911: 1852: 968:

Exoplanet Predictions Based on the Generalised Titius-Bode Relation

535:. The planets in these systems are said to be like 'peas in a pod'. 4836: 3494: 3338: 3216: 3140: 3110: 3060: 2949: 2909: 2876: 2831: 2737: 2554: 2301: 2247: 2190: 2136: 2029: 1720: 1599: 1078: 1040: 989: 979: 973: 967: 961: 951: 885: 764: 746: 646: 592: 458: 389: 181: 116: 115:

together with the planetary system revolving around it, including

100: 68: 821:

Computer modelling of an impact in 2013 detected around the star

5879: 5859: 5078: 4867: 1447:, Ian Ridpath, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. 1274:, with elliptical galaxies found mostly close to their centers. 734: 72: 5051: 4840: 3530: 211:, but received no support from most other ancient astronomers. 6225: 602: 177: 112: 3526: 2893:"Equilibria in the secular, non-co-planar two-planet problem" 1600:

The fate of fallback matter around newly born compact objects

1573:

Podsiadlowski, Philipp (1993). "Planet formation scenarios".

1155:

at a distance of 7.7 kiloparsecs (about 25,000 light years).

1009:

because these are likely to be ejected from the cluster by a

2423: 2421: 2641:Российские астрономы впервые открыли луну возле экзопланеты 1317:

For the purpose of this 1 in 5 statistic, "Sun-like" means

296:

In the 18th century, the same possibility was mentioned by

127:

is sometimes used in reference to other planetary systems.

3042:"Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars" 1284:

Comparison between the Solar System and extrasolar systems

1119:

90% of planets with known distances are within about 2000

1045:

Location of habitable zone around different types of stars

4768:

Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer

1575:

In: Planets Around Pulsars; Proceedings of the Conference

1544:

Newton, Isaac; Cohen, I. Bernard; Whitman, Anne (1999) .

918:

Other, as yet unobserved, orbital possibilities include:

601:

Most known exoplanets orbit stars roughly similar to the

5047: 3325:, Paul Robertson (1 and 2), Arpita Roy (1 and 2 and 3), 970:, Timothy Bovaird, Charles H. Lineweaver, August 1, 2013 2997:

Further away planets 'can support life' say researchers

2499:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

2017:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

3431:"On the Relationship Between Debris Disks and Planets" 2870:

Fabrycky, Daniel C. (2010). "Non-Keplerian Dynamics".

1392:, David J. Dsrling, Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2004. 495:

The Solar System consists of an inner region of small

433:

have been discovered. Pulsars are the remnants of the

6576: 3040:

Petigura, E. A.; Howard, A. W.; Marcy, G. W. (2013).

2665:"Kepler-108: A Mutually Inclined Giant Planet System" 964:, Sarah Ballard, John Asher Johnson, October 15, 2014 3179:

SAG 11: Preparing for the WFIRST Microlensing Survey

2891:

Migaszewski, Cezary; Goździewski, Krzysztof (2009).

2533: 2531: 666:, using improved imaging processes (April 24, 2014). 6469: 6318: 6216: 6144: 6043: 5900: 5775: 5653: 5562: 5289: 5168: 5098: 4991: 4955: 4877: 4745: 4534: 4493: 4395: 4307: 4214: 4147: 3920: 3800: 3726: 3652: 3639: 3594: 3284:"On the Two Oosterhoff Groups of Globular Clusters" 2615:

NASA's Spitzer Telescope Witnesses Asteroid Smashup

2487: 2485: 1054:habitable zone extends much further from the star. 976:, Mary Anne Limbach, Edwin L. Turner, April 9, 2014 934:

Number of planets, relative parameters and spacings

345:. The first confirmed detection of exoplanets of a 176:The notion of a heliocentric Solar System with the 1545: 364:and dedicated planet-finding programs such as the 353:, was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby 4445:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems 4440:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems 2964:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2897:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 1708:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 405:that form around stars as part of the process of 180:at its centre is possibly first suggested in the 27:Set of non-stellar objects in orbit around a star 4064:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules 992:, Julia Fang, Jean-Luc Margot, February 28, 2013 3047:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2227: 2225: 1552:. University of California Press. p. 940. 880:between two planets is the angle between their 573:in the outer part, is a type of Ordered system. 173:(placing Earth at the centre of the universe). 79:. Generally speaking, systems with one or more 1702:Hasegawa, Yasuhiro; Pudritz, Ralph E. (2011). 1413:, Valerie Illingworth, London: Collins, 2000. 134:in 4,949 planetary systems, with 1007 systems 130:As of 24 July 2024, there are 7,026 confirmed 5063: 4852: 3542: 2952:, Hagai B. Perets, M. B. N. Kouwenhoven, 2012 221:Discovery and exploration of the Solar System 8: 2999:, BBC, January 7, 2014 Last updated at 12:40 2663:Mills, Sean M.; Fabrycky, Daniel C. (2017). 2594:"'Exocomets' Common Across Milky Way Galaxy" 349:star was made in 1995, when a giant planet, 280:In the 16th century the Italian philosopher 2819:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2342:"Known populations of solar system objects" 1219:, whereas Population II stars found in the 906:system contains four planets in an 8:6:4:3 386:Formation and evolution of the Solar System 276:Speculation on extrasolar planetary systems 5295: 5070: 5056: 5048: 4859: 4845: 4837: 3649: 3549: 3535: 3527: 3198:Toward a New Era in Planetary Microlensing 2492:Welsh, B. Y. & Montgomery, S. (2013). 1548:The Principia: A New Translation and Guide 1492: 1258:. Most elliptical galaxies contain mainly 915:to another planet that is far enough out. 889:actually been measured One example is the 4215: 3607:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters 3493: 3446: 3409: 3307: 3242: 3139: 3122:Kane, Stephen R.; Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar; 3087: 3077: 3059: 2926: 2908: 2875: 2830: 2736: 2698: 2680: 2553: 2519: 2300: 2246: 2189: 2135: 2082: 2028: 1987: 1969: 1928: 1910: 1869: 1851: 1737: 1719: 1467:"Interactive Extra-solar Planets Catalog" 597:The Morgan-Keenan spectral classification 51:An artist's concept of a planetary system 4475:List of potentially habitable exoplanets 1114: 937: 320:search for extraterrestrial intelligence 224: 46: 6583: 3282:T. S. van Albada; Norman Baker (1973). 1381: 1310: 713:, the 1–100 micrometre-sized grains of 637:Circumstellar disks and dust structures 463:Protoplanetary discs observed with the 362:methods of detecting extrasolar planets 1500: 4783:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets 840:has not yet been confirmed. The star 324:has been a prevalent theme in fiction 7: 4465:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems 4455:Habitability of neutron star systems 1223:are older and thus more metal-poor. 1069:is the region around a star where a 986:, Jason A. Hwang, September 11, 2014 633:, which can detect smaller planets. 334:The first confirmed detection of an 4808:Sudarsky's gas giant classification 4435:Habitability of binary star systems 2849:10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122246 2340:Johnston, Robert (August 2, 2014). 1674:Ferreira, Becky (August 19, 2022). 1472:The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia 249:De revolutionibus orbium coelestium 38:. For the solar power company, see 4920:List of most massive star clusters 4793:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science 4450:Habitability of natural satellites 2798:. International Business Times Inc 394:Illustration of the dynamics of a 207:as early as the 3rd century BC by 25: 4460:Habitability of red dwarf systems 1270:depends on their location within 1141:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 864:. An example of such a system is 852:also has at least one satellite. 6622: 6610: 6598: 6586: 6559: 6549: 6548: 5032: 5031: 4557:Stars with proto-planetary discs 4521:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database 4511:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 3999:Extraterrestrial sample curation 3630: 3207:, Andy Gould, September 21, 2010 3009:Sanders, R. (November 4, 2013). 2928:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14552.x 2011:Andrew Cumming; R. Paul Butler; 1739:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19338.x 1655:from the original on May 3, 2023 1097:Galactic distribution of planets 658:archival images of young stars, 326:, particularly science fiction. 4470:Habitable zone for complex life 3908:Ultra-short period planet (USP) 3612:Methods of detecting exoplanets 3351:Habitable Zones in the Universe 2790:Emspak, Jesse (March 2, 2011). 1641:Ferreira, Becky (May 3, 2023). 1528:The New Encyclopædia Britannica 1432:Collins Dictionary of Astronomy 1411:Collins Dictionary of Astronomy 1111:Globular cluster § Planets 199:The idea was first proposed in 4651:Discovered exoplanets by year 3111:Habitable Zone Gallery - Venus 2792:"Kepler Finds Bizarre Systems" 1530:(15th edition, Chicago, 1991) 1368:estimated at = −0.89. 10 ≈ 1/8 1299:List of multiplanetary systems 1165:, are those young stars whose 471:As stars evolve and turn into 268:developed an understanding of 1: 6461:Timeline of stellar astronomy 4925:List of largest star clusters 4778:Extrasolar planets in fiction 4425:Extraterrestrial liquid water 1254:are much older than stars in 215:Discovery of the Solar System 34:. For a system of stars, see 4798:Planets in globular clusters 4415:Circumstellar habitable zone 2984:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.10.018 2796:International Business Times 2596:. Space.com. January 7, 2013 1958:Astronomy & Astrophysics 1899:Astronomy & Astrophysics 1840:Astronomy & Astrophysics 1242:have different histories of 1037:Circumstellar habitable zone 401:Planetary systems come from 284:, an early supporter of the 196:as implicitly heliocentric. 6121:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram 4932:Hypercompact stellar system 4900:Hypercompact stellar system 4758:Exoplanet naming convention 3868:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary 3465:10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/L73 3384:Dressler, A. (March 1980). 2572:10.1051/0004-6361/201323128 2265:10.1051/0004-6361/201117719 2208:10.1051/0004-6361/201321415 2101:10.1051/0004-6361:200500193 1989:10.1051/0004-6361/202140761 1930:10.1051/0004-6361/202244705 1871:10.1051/0004-6361/202243751 136:having more than one planet 6666: 6035:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism 3994:Extraterrestrial materials 3628: 3184:February 22, 2014, at the 3158:10.1088/2041-8205/794/1/L5 2747:10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/46 2700:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/45 2541:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2463:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2431:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2399:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2370:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2319:10.1051/0004-6361:20077625 2289:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2235:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2178:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2071:Astronomy and Astrophysics 1123:of Earth, as of July 2014. 1100: 1034: 842:1SWASP J140747.93-394542.6 814: 744: 703:Interplanetary dust clouds 640: 586: 499:and outer region of large 375: 218: 145:Of particular interest to 29: 6544: 5298: 5085: 5027: 4821:Discoveries of exoplanets 4816: 4024:Interplanetary dust cloud 3562: 3482:The Astrophysical Journal 3435:The Astrophysical Journal 3390:The Astrophysical Journal 3203:November 3, 2014, at the 3128:The Astrophysical Journal 3124:Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D. 2725:The Astrophysical Journal 2124:The Astrophysical Journal 1445:A Dictionary of Astronomy 928:precessing orbital planes 757:A-type main-sequence star 6414:With multiple exoplanets 4526:Open Exoplanet Catalogue 4501:Nearby Habitable Systems 4387:Transit-timing variation 2771:. Nasa.gov. May 25, 2010 2669:The Astronomical Journal 1824:at Astro Washington.com. 803:) are around very young 5200:Asymptotic giant branch 4803:Small planet radius gap 4506:Exoplanet Data Explorer 4430:Galactic habitable zone 4004:Giant-impact hypothesis 3079:10.1073/pnas.1319909110 3015:newscenter.berkeley.edu 2841:2015ARA&A..53..409W 2564:2014A&A...561L..10K 2476:1997A&A...325..228L 2444:1990A&A...227L..13L 2412:1990A&A...236..202B 2383:1987A&A...185..267F 2311:2007A&A...475..243D 2257:2011A&A...535A..68A 2200:2013A&A...555A.146L 2093:2005A&A...443L..15B 1980:2021A&A...656A..74M 1921:2023A&A...670A..69M 1862:2023A&A...670A..68M 1215:near the center of the 1103:Galactic habitable zone 958:et al. December 9, 2012 844:, in the constellation 827:Spitzer Space Telescope 477:asymptotic giant branch 330:Detection of exoplanets 40:Solar Systems (company) 6536:Tidal disruption event 6025:Circumstellar envelope 5259:Luminous blue variable 4763:Exoplanet phase curves 4601:Terrestrial candidates 4552:Multiplanetary systems 4516:NASA Exoplanet Archive 4199:Mean-motion resonances 4009:Gravitational collapse 3959:Circumstellar envelope 3261:10.1006/icar.2001.6607 1124: 1046: 947: 944:Kepler space telescope 856:Orbital configurations 667: 627:Kepler space telescope 623:radial-velocity method 598: 569:in the inner part and 468: 398: 244: 52: 6650:Concepts in astronomy 6061:Effective temperature 5037:Category:Star systems 4910:Dark globular cluster 4638:Potentially habitable 4543:Exoplanetary systems 4485:Superhabitable planet 4244:F/Yellow-white dwarfs 4129:Sample-return mission 4029:Interplanetary medium 3288:Astrophysical Journal 1207:) or thousands (e.g. 1118: 1044: 1002:Free-floating planets 941: 815:Further information: 650: 596: 462: 393: 304:" that concludes his 228: 50: 6531:Planet-hosting stars 6409:With resolved images 6380:Historical brightest 6310:Photometric-standard 6236:Solar radio emission 6030:Eddington luminosity 5810:Triple-alpha process 5748:Thorne–Żytkow object 5123:Young stellar object 4773:Extragalactic planet 4753:Carl Sagan Institute 4034:Interplanetary space 3949:Circumplanetary disk 3622:Planet-hosting stars 1821:Types and Attributes 1107:Extragalactic planet 862:orbital eccentricity 817:Circumplanetary disk 799:, and more recently 589:Planet-hosting stars 516:have been detected. 491:System architectures 465:Very Large Telescope 403:protoplanetary disks 372:Origin and evolution 209:Aristarchus of Samos 6355:Highest temperature 6126:Color–color diagram 5991:Protoplanetary disk 5795:Proton–proton chain 5473:Chemically peculiar 4968:Stellar association 4114:Protoplanetary disk 4094:Planetary migration 4049:Interstellar medium 3828:Circumtriple planet 3823:Circumbinary planet 3504:2009ApJ...700L..73K 3457:2000ApJ...537L.147O 3402:1980ApJ...236..351D 3300:1973ApJ...185..477V 3253:2001Icar..151..307L 3150:2014ApJ...794L...5K 3070:2013PNAS..11019273P 3054:(48): 19273–19278. 3021:on November 7, 2014 2976:2005PPP...219..131A 2919:2009MNRAS.395.1777M 2691:2017AJ....153...45M 2512:2013PASP..125..759W 2146:2008ApJ...686..637S 2039:2008PASP..120..531C 1783:1996Natur.384..619W 1730:2011MNRAS.417.1236H 1587:1993ASPC...36..149P 1289:Protoplanetary disk 1252:elliptical galaxies 611:spectral categories 607:main-sequence stars 509:planetary migration 382:Planetary migration 254:Nicolaus Copernicus 125:exoplanetary system 111:. For example, the 109:circumstellar disks 6360:Lowest temperature 6111:Photometric system 6081:Absolute magnitude 6015:Circumstellar dust 5628:Stellar black hole 5264:Stellar population 5150:Herbig–Haro object 4983:Hypervelocity star 4079:Nebular hypothesis 4054:Interstellar space 4039:Interstellar cloud 4019:Internal structure 3954:Circumstellar disc 1681:The New York Times 1648:The New York Times 1294:List of exoplanets 1153:MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb 1125: 1075:runaway greenhouse 1071:terrestrial planet 1047: 948: 924:co-orbital planets 891:Upsilon Andromedae 872:Mutual inclination 668: 643:Circumstellar disk 599: 469: 399: 378:Nebular hypothesis 245: 230:Heliocentric model 201:Western philosophy 93:natural satellites 63:bound non-stellar 53: 6645:Planetary systems 6574: 6573: 6477:Substellar object 6456:Planetary nebulae 5875:Luminous red nova 5785:Deuterium burning 5771: 5770: 5254:Instability strip 5234:Wolf-Rayet nebula 5188:Horizontal branch 5133:Pre-main-sequence 5045: 5044: 4834: 4833: 4410:Astrooceanography 4044:Interstellar dust 3916: 3915: 3792:Ultra-hot Neptune 3787:Ultra-hot Jupiter 3736:Eccentric Jupiter 3586:Planetary science 3362:John, D, (2006), 3327:Suvrath Mahadevan 2013:Geoffrey W. Marcy 1777:(6610): 619–621. 1514:The Sand Reckoner 1240:types of galaxies 1225:Globular clusters 1191:relative velocity 1183:elliptical orbits 908:orbital resonance 619:spectral category 583:Planets and stars 481:planetary nebulae 429:Planets orbiting 291:Roman Inquisition 16:(Redirected from 6657: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6615: 6614: 6613: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6582: 6566:Stars portal 6564: 6563: 6552: 6551: 6208:Planetary system 6131:Strömgren sphere 6003:Asteroseismology 5724:Black hole star 5296: 5222:Planetary nebula 5183:Red-giant branch 5072: 5065: 5058: 5049: 5035: 5034: 4947:Planetary system 4905:Globular cluster 4861: 4854: 4847: 4838: 4788:Neptunian desert 4174:Tidally detached 4109:Planet formation 4099:Planetary system 3989:Exozodiacal dust 3979:Disrupted planet 3903:Ultra-cool dwarf 3833:Disrupted planet 3818:Chthonian planet 3650: 3634: 3617:Planetary system 3551: 3544: 3537: 3528: 3523: 3497: 3488:(2): L147–L151. 3476: 3450: 3448:astro-ph/0007014 3416: 3415: 3413: 3381: 3375: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3246: 3244:astro-ph/0012399 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3195: 3189: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3143: 3119: 3113: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3091: 3081: 3063: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3017:. Archived from 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2970:(1–2): 131–155. 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2930: 2912: 2903:(4): 1777–1794. 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2834: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2740: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2702: 2684: 2660: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2623: 2617: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2557: 2535: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2506:(929): 759–774. 2489: 2480: 2479: 2457: 2448: 2447: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2344:. Archived from 2337: 2331: 2330: 2304: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2250: 2229: 2220: 2219: 2193: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2139: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2086: 2084:astro-ph/0509211 2065: 2059: 2058: 2032: 2023:(867): 531–554. 2008: 2002: 2001: 1991: 1973: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1932: 1914: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1873: 1855: 1831: 1825: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1791:10.1038/384619a0 1766: 1760: 1759: 1741: 1723: 1714:(2): 1236–1259. 1699: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1613: 1607: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1551: 1541: 1535: 1524: 1518: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1462: 1456: 1441: 1435: 1428: 1422: 1407: 1401: 1386: 1369: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1334: 1331: 1325: 1315: 1248:planet formation 1201:metal-poor stars 1163:metal-rich stars 1077:conditions like 1020:molecular clouds 984:Jason H. Steffen 897:Orbital dynamics 811:Other components 715:amorphous carbon 455:Lower-mass stars 302:General Scholium 298:Sir Isaac Newton 266:Sir Isaac Newton 57:planetary system 21: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6654: 6635: 6634: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6611: 6609: 6599: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6577: 6575: 6570: 6558: 6540: 6465: 6434:Milky Way novae 6370:Smallest volume 6314: 6295:Radial velocity 6218: 6212: 6164:Common envelope 6140: 6039: 6008:Helioseismology 5979:Bipolar outflow 5920:Microturbulence 5915:Convection zone 5896: 5790:Lithium burning 5777:Nucleosynthesis 5767: 5649: 5558: 5285: 5164: 5113:Molecular cloud 5094: 5081: 5076: 5046: 5041: 5023: 4992:Visual grouping 4987: 4951: 4873: 4865: 4835: 4830: 4826:Search projects 4812: 4741: 4530: 4489: 4391: 4363:Radial velocity 4303: 4259:K/Orange dwarfs 4249:G/Yellow dwarfs 4210: 4204:Titius–Bode law 4143: 4074:Molecular cloud 3974:Detached object 3925: 3923: 3912: 3898:Toroidal planet 3888:Sub-brown dwarf 3796: 3722: 3694:(Super-Mercury) 3667:Coreless planet 3643: 3641: 3635: 3626: 3590: 3558: 3555: 3479: 3428: 3425: 3423:Further reading 3420: 3419: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3337: 3333: 3321: 3317: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3205:Wayback Machine 3196: 3192: 3186:Wayback Machine 3177: 3173: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3109: 3105: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2995: 2991: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2537: 2536: 2529: 2491: 2490: 2483: 2459: 2458: 2451: 2427: 2426: 2419: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2351: 2349: 2348:on June 9, 2019 2339: 2338: 2334: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2231: 2230: 2223: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2010: 2009: 2005: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1686: 1684: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1615: 1614: 1610: 1598: 1594: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1560: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1525: 1521: 1491: 1487: 1477: 1475: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1442: 1438: 1429: 1425: 1408: 1404: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1372: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1280: 1272:galaxy clusters 1262:, with minimal 1256:spiral galaxies 1187:Galactic Center 1139:. The upcoming 1113: 1099: 1063: 1039: 1033: 1028: 999: 956:David R. Ciardi 936: 899: 874: 858: 819: 813: 755:, a very young 749: 743: 689:Epsilon Eridani 645: 639: 591: 585: 580: 522: 493: 457: 427: 425:High-mass stars 422: 420:Evolved systems 388: 374: 332: 278: 262:Johannes Kepler 258:Galileo Galilei 223: 217: 205:Greek astronomy 192:'s writings in 164: 159: 61:gravitationally 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6663: 6661: 6653: 6652: 6647: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6619: 6607: 6595: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6556: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6398: 6397: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6365:Largest volume 6362: 6357: 6352: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6324: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6222: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6183: 6178: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6150: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6076:Magnetic field 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6000: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5986:Accretion disk 5983: 5982: 5981: 5976: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5962:Alfvén surface 5959: 5957:Stellar corona 5954: 5949: 5944: 5934: 5932:Radiation zone 5929: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5781: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5730: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5670: 5665: 5659: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5630: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5601: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5579: 5574: 5568: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5554:Blue straggler 5551: 5550: 5549: 5539: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5470: 5465: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5409: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5312:Main sequence 5310: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5291:Classification 5287: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5227:Protoplanetary 5219: 5214: 5213: 5212: 5207: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5146: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5104: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5067: 5060: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4963:Stellar stream 4959: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4892: 4887: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4866: 4864: 4863: 4856: 4849: 4841: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4749: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4540: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4375:Transit method 4372: 4371: 4370: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4348: 4343: 4342: 4341: 4331: 4330: 4329: 4322:Direct imaging 4319: 4313: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4220: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4183: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4153: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4139:Star formation 4136: 4134:Scattered disc 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3984:Excretion disk 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3939:Accretion disk 3936: 3930: 3928: 3918: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3848:Eyeball planet 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3658: 3656: 3647: 3637: 3636: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3582: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3546: 3539: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3512:10.1086/312779 3477: 3441:(2): L73–L77. 3424: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3411:10.1086/157753 3376: 3355: 3343: 3331: 3315: 3309:10.1086/152434 3274: 3237:(2): 307–313. 3221: 3209: 3190: 3188:, Jennifer Yee 3171: 3114: 3103: 3032: 3001: 2989: 2954: 2942: 2883: 2862: 2809: 2782: 2760: 2714: 2655: 2645: 2633: 2618: 2607: 2585: 2527: 2521:10.1086/671757 2481: 2449: 2417: 2388: 2359: 2332: 2295:(1): 243–250. 2278: 2221: 2167: 2154:10.1086/591442 2130:(1): 637–648. 2114: 2077:(3): L15–L18. 2060: 2047:10.1086/588487 2003: 1944: 1885: 1826: 1812: 1761: 1694: 1666: 1633: 1608: 1592: 1565: 1558: 1536: 1519: 1485: 1465:Schneider, J. 1457: 1436: 1423: 1402: 1380: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1366:Kapteyn's star 1354: 1344: 1335: 1326: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1279: 1276: 1264:star-formation 1260:low-mass stars 1244:star formation 1229:Kapteyn's star 1145:galactic bulge 1098: 1095: 1062: 1059: 1035:Main article: 1032: 1031:Habitable zone 1029: 1027: 1024: 998: 997:Planet capture 995: 994: 993: 987: 977: 971: 965: 959: 935: 932: 920:double planets 898: 895: 882:orbital planes 873: 870: 857: 854: 812: 809: 745:Main article: 742: 739: 681:scattered disc 641:Main article: 638: 635: 631:transit method 587:Main article: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 574: 556: 550: 536: 521: 520:Classification 518: 492: 489: 456: 453: 445:accretion disk 426: 423: 421: 418: 407:star formation 373: 370: 366:Kepler mission 331: 328: 282:Giordano Bruno 277: 274: 219:Main article: 216: 213: 184:literature of 163: 160: 158: 155: 151:habitable zone 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6662: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6608: 6606: 6596: 6594: 6584: 6580: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6555: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6526:Intergalactic 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6506:Galactic year 6504: 6500: 6497: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6385:Most luminous 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6300:Proper motion 6298: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6263:Constellation 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6231:Solar eclipse 6229: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6217:Earth-centric 6215: 6209: 6206: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6004: 6001: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5815:Alpha process 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5588: 5587:Helium planet 5585: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5577:Parker's star 5575: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5508:Lambda Boötis 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5432: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5354: 5351: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5274:Superluminous 5272: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5178:Main sequence 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5155:Hayashi track 5153: 5151: 5148: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5068: 5066: 5061: 5059: 5054: 5053: 5050: 5038: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5020: 5019:Constellation 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5004:Multiple star 5002: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4862: 4857: 4855: 4850: 4848: 4843: 4842: 4839: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4818: 4815: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4361: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4300: 4299:Yellow giants 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4175: 4172: 4171: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4069:Merging stars 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3944:Asteroid belt 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3919: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3883:Pulsar planet 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3838:Double planet 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3777:Super-Neptune 3775: 3773: 3772:Super-Jupiter 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3747:Helium planet 3745: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3682:Hycean planet 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3672:Desert planet 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3662:Carbon planet 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3638: 3633: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3561: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3540: 3538: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3380: 3377: 3373: 3372:1-4054-6314-7 3369: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3316: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3036: 3033: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 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