501:
335:
285:
223:
492:, Marjorie Heins asks the question "Why did Vera Shlakman, Oscar Shaftel, and hundreds of others refuse to cooperate in the political inquisitions of the witch-hunt era?" She answers, "Many people who had made the difficult break with communism, or who had never been communists, simply did not want to collaborate in the Red hunt."
533:
still provides an intellectual and conceptual guide, not only to a changing field, but to the persistent questions it raises. because her book 'raised the question of how a transformation in the meaning of work for female workers could, and perhaps did, alter the workplace environment and the nature
423:. In April 1982, the City announced a $ 935,098 settlement with seven living and three deceased former professors: Dr. Shlakman received $ 114,599. Besides Shlakman and Shaftel, the other professors were: Richard Austin, Joseph Bressler, Dudley Straus, Sarah Reidman Gustafson, and Bernard F. Riess.
528:
Vera
Shlakman had an extraordinary effect on my work and on that of a generation of labor historians. Quietly, unobtrusively her interpretive insights and the methodological innovations she introduced paved the way to a more eclectic and integrated discipline. A full seventy years after its
459:
In her last years, she became homebound due to blindness. Friends who looked after her included Ellen J. Holahan, Judith Podore Ward, and
Bernard Tuchman. According to her friends, she never revealed whether she had been a
538:
In 2017, Kessler-Harris added that
Shlakman's study of Chicopee confirmed that fundamental problems between capital and labor and thus that labor protests were a reaction to capitalist excesses. In 2017, historian
380:
Section 903) against corruption, provided that refusing testimony on official conduct, because of self-incrimination, was evidence for dismissal (by the late 1960s, both provisions were declared unconstitutional).
484:
commented at her death, "A 42-year-old assistant professor when she was fired in 1952, Dr. Shlakman neither taught economics again nor wrote a sequel to her groundbreaking 1935 book on female factory workers."
400:. She retired as professor emerita in 1978. Dr. Shlakman's enduring connection to Columbia's School of Social Work led her to establish a scholarship, and to leave a bequest to the School in her will.
456:
Regarding her firing, she held that the academic community had a choice not to fire her but chose to do so. She questioned: "Is the dismissal of teachers easier to accept than the burning of books?"
999:
500:
412:, during which the freedoms traditionally associated with academic institutions were quashed," the trustees of the City University of New York declared in a unanimous resolution.
354:
366:
362:
346:
342:
939:
408:
In 1980, City
University offered an apology to professors dismissed then, including Shlakman. "They were dismissed during and in the spirit of the shameful era of
543:
of Queens
College praised Shlakman's 1935 book because it "extended the boundaries of American working-class history" and influenced a generation of historians."
453:
began to carry packages, this activity was viewed as a challenge to private enterprise ... and a kind of socialistic or communistic activity" but not for long.
969:
1004:
989:
652:. New York University Press. pp. 1–2 (bio, SISS), 5–6, 10–12, 133–147 (leftist, SISS, firing, 903), 152, 156–157, 232–237, 305 (fn 32), 308 (fn 53).
397:
101:
823:. New York University Press. pp. 1–2 (bio, SISS), 5–6, 10–12, 133–147 (leftist, SISS, firing), 152, 156–157, 232–237, 305 (fn 32), 308 (fn 53).
392:
For the rest of the 1950s, Shlakman worked as a secretary, a bookkeeper, and occasional teacher. In 1960, Dr. Shlakman started to teach again at
607:
1009:
764:
389:
Shlakman's firing by Queens
College "banished her to academic obscurity" at the time. She never taught Economics again at Queens College.
994:
964:
934:
735:
326:, state officials, and courts specifically targeted left-wing Jewish teachers and professors to fire as part of their Communist purge.
603:
475:
905:
892:
828:
689:
657:
323:
315:
308:
984:
713:
1014:
949:
959:
979:
974:
944:
461:
211:
89:
854:(30 August 2006). "Vera Shlakman, Economic History of a Factory Town, A Study of Chicopee, Massachusetts (1935)".
467:
Shlakman died aged 108 on
November 5, 2017, at home in Manhattan. Her friend Ellen J. Holahan reported the death.
450:
954:
509:
273:
146:
226:
377:
929:
924:
851:
517:
521:
301:
269:
132:
373:
896:
871:
695:
612:
480:
416:
393:
207:
202:
and author of a 1935 book on women factory workers. She was best known in 1952 for her firing by
449:
Shlakman believed that fears of "communism" fell prone to exaggeration. For example, "When the
334:
824:
685:
653:
540:
265:
120:
241:
immigrants from
Eastern Europe. They named their children for revolutionary heroes: Vera for
863:
439:
817:
Priests of Our
Democracy: The Supreme Court, Academic Freedom, and the Anti-Communist Purge
682:
Priests of Our
Democracy: The Supreme Court, Academic Freedom, and the Anti-Communist Purge
649:
Priests of Our Democracy: The Supreme Court, Academic Freedom, and the Anti-Communist Purge
198:(July 15, 1909 – November 5, 2017) was a 20th-century American professor of Economics and
307:
In 1938, Shlakman became an instructor at Queens College, where she taught about labor,
811:
643:
435:
289:
237:, Canada. Her parents, Louis Shlakman (tailor, garment foreman) and Lena Hendler, were
203:
85:
918:
875:
297:
242:
57:
372:
In October 1952, she was fired under two New York State regulations. The first (the
358:
338:
319:
258:
250:
419:
over pensions or death benefits for former professors dismissed during the Second
647:
815:
409:
254:
736:"Vera Shlakman, Economics Scholar Who Joined CSSW after Red Scare, Dies at 108"
714:"Three N.Y.C. Professors Receive Dismissal In First State Feinberg Application"
284:
867:
505:
127:
443:
420:
246:
181:
699:
272:. Her doctoral dissertation analyzed women factory workers in the 1800s in
268:, followed by an MA in economics. She received a doctorate in economics at
222:
376:, authorized in 1949) barred subversive organization ties and, the other (
789:
234:
39:
415:
Shlakman and Oscar Shaftel filed an appeal to New York City Comptroller
396:'s School of Social Work. In 1966, she became a full-time professor at
199:
548:
Economic History of a Factory Town: A Study of Chicopee, Massachusetts
531:
Economic History of a Factory Town: A Study of Chicopee, Massachusetts
238:
139:
353:
On September 24, 1952, during testimony at a public hearing of the
499:
333:
283:
221:
369:
amendments with regard to any membership in the Communist Party.
214:, as well as for apology and restitution she received in 1982.
790:"Vera Shlakman, Professor Fired During Red Scare, Dies at 108"
608:"Vera Shlakman, Professor Fired During Red Scare, Dies at 108"
516:
Shlakman published only one major book, of which historian
314:
Shlakman was vice president of the college division of a
765:"10 Teachers Ousted in 50's Given Restitution from City"
792:. Marxmail: The Marxism Mailing List. 28 November 2017
145:
An Analysis of Female Factory Workers in 19th-Century
355:
United States Senate Internal Security Subcommittee
175:
167:
159:
154:
138:
126:
116:
111:
96:
80:
72:
64:
46:
25:
18:
341:(1947), before whose committee Shlakman pled the
1000:Columbia University School of Social Work alumni
758:
756:
322:provides background to Shlakman's career as the
856:International Labor and Working-Class History
264:In 1930, she received bachelor's degree from
8:
233:Vera Shlakman was born on July 15, 1909, in
296:Shlakman obtained a research fellowship at
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
318:local, rebuked for Communists domination.
15:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
398:Columbia University School of Social Work
102:Columbia University School of Social Work
940:Canadian emigrants to the United States
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
560:
512:, real-life setting for Shlakman's book
862:. New York University Press: 195–200.
763:Montgomery, Paul L. (29 April 1982).
488:In the introduction to her 2013 book
7:
970:Jewish American non-fiction writers
906:Shlakman after blindness had set in
1005:American women non-fiction writers
990:Members of the Communist Party USA
740:The Columbia School of Social Work
14:
716:. Harvard Crimson. 8 October 1952
438:has assessed that Shlakman was a
324:New York City Board of Education
210:whether she was a card-carrying
895:with New York City Comptroller
311:, and concentration of wealth.
206:for refusing to testify to the
504:Child laborer (1911) photo by
1:
1010:American women centenarians
300:and then taught briefly at
1031:
995:American political writers
965:Jewish American economists
935:Writers from New York City
868:10.1017/S0147547906000111
684:. NYU Press. p. 10.
529:publication in 1935, her
451:United States Post Office
189:
107:
680:Heins, Marjorie (2013).
490:Priests of Our Democracy
431:Shlakman never married.
510:Chicopee, Massachusetts
427:Personal life and death
292:, where Shlakman taught
274:Chicopee, Massachusetts
147:Chicopee, Massachusetts
536:
513:
442:but not necessarily a
350:
293:
230:
180:Economic History of a
852:Kessler-Harris, Alice
526:
503:
378:New York City Charter
337:
287:
261:was a family friend.
229:, Shlakman's namesake
225:
985:Jewish women writers
606:(27 November 2017).
518:Alice Kessler-Harris
361:, Shlakman pled the
68:Economist, professor
1015:Jewish centenarians
950:American communists
522:Columbia University
440:socialist-anarchist
302:Sweet Briar College
270:Columbia University
133:Columbia University
112:Academic background
100:Professor Emerita,
960:Marxian economists
910:The New York Times
901:The New York Times
897:Harrison J. Goldin
769:The New York Times
613:The New York Times
514:
481:The New York Times
417:Harrison J. Goldin
394:Adelphi University
351:
349:amendments in 1952
294:
231:
208:McCarran Committee
150: (circa 1935)
980:Jewish socialists
975:Jewish communists
945:American Marxists
893:Photo of Shlakman
541:Joshua B. Freeman
357:, led by Senator
266:McGill University
253:, and Victor for
193:
192:
121:McGill University
73:Years active
1022:
880:
879:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
822:
808:
802:
801:
799:
797:
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
760:
751:
750:
748:
747:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
710:
704:
703:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
640:
625:
624:
622:
620:
600:
534:of family life.'
330:Hearings, firing
53:
50:November 5, 2017
35:
33:
16:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1019:
955:Marxist writers
915:
914:
889:
884:
883:
850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
831:
820:
812:Heins, Marjorie
810:
809:
805:
795:
793:
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
762:
761:
754:
745:
743:
734:
733:
729:
719:
717:
712:
711:
707:
692:
679:
678:
674:
664:
662:
660:
644:Heins, Marjorie
642:
641:
628:
618:
616:
602:
601:
562:
557:
498:
473:
429:
406:
387:
332:
309:Social Security
288:The QC Quad at
282:
245:, Eleanora for
220:
60:
55:
54:(aged 108)
51:
42:
37:
31:
29:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
917:
916:
913:
912:
903:
899:(April 1982),
888:
887:External links
885:
882:
881:
843:
829:
803:
781:
752:
727:
705:
690:
672:
658:
626:
559:
558:
556:
553:
552:
551:
497:
494:
472:
469:
436:Marjorie Heins
428:
425:
405:
402:
386:
383:
331:
328:
316:Teachers Union
290:Queens College
281:
278:
219:
216:
204:Queens College
191:
190:
187:
186:
177:
173:
172:
169:
168:Sub-discipline
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
142:
136:
135:
130:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
98:
94:
93:
86:Queens College
82:
81:Known for
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
48:
44:
43:
38:
27:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1027:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
920:
911:
907:
904:
902:
898:
894:
891:
890:
886:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
847:
844:
832:
830:9780814790519
826:
819:
818:
813:
807:
804:
791:
785:
782:
770:
766:
759:
757:
753:
741:
737:
731:
728:
715:
709:
706:
701:
697:
693:
691:9780814790519
687:
683:
676:
673:
661:
659:9780814790519
655:
651:
650:
645:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
627:
615:
614:
609:
605:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
561:
554:
550:(1935) (1969)
549:
546:
545:
544:
542:
535:
532:
525:
524:later wrote:
523:
519:
511:
507:
502:
495:
493:
491:
486:
483:
482:
477:
470:
468:
465:
463:
457:
454:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
432:
426:
424:
422:
418:
413:
411:
403:
401:
399:
395:
390:
384:
382:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
344:
340:
336:
329:
327:
325:
321:
320:Anti-Semitism
317:
312:
310:
305:
303:
299:
298:Smith College
291:
286:
279:
277:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:Vera Zasulich
240:
236:
228:
227:Vera Zasulich
224:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:Vera Shlakman
188:
185:(1935) (1969)
184:
183:
178:
176:Notable works
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
155:Academic work
153:
149:
148:
143:
141:
137:
134:
131:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:Occupation(s)
63:
59:
58:New York City
49:
45:
41:
36:July 15, 1909
28:
24:
20:Vera Shlakman
17:
909:
900:
859:
855:
846:
834:. Retrieved
816:
806:
794:. Retrieved
784:
772:. Retrieved
768:
744:. Retrieved
742:. 2017-12-13
739:
730:
718:. Retrieved
708:
681:
675:
663:. Retrieved
648:
617:. Retrieved
611:
604:Roberts, Sam
547:
537:
530:
527:
515:
489:
487:
479:
474:
466:
458:
455:
448:
433:
430:
414:
407:
391:
388:
374:Feinberg Law
371:
359:Pat McCarran
352:
339:Pat McCarran
313:
306:
295:
263:
259:Emma Goldman
257:. Anarchist
251:Eleanor Marx
249:'s daughter
232:
195:
194:
182:Factory Town
179:
144:
88:for alleged
52:(2017-11-05)
930:2017 deaths
925:1909 births
836:28 November
796:28 November
774:28 November
720:28 November
700:j.ctt9qfmg6
665:28 November
619:28 November
476:Sam Roberts
410:McCarthyism
404:Restitution
255:Victor Hugo
919:Categories
746:2017-12-19
555:References
506:Lewis Hine
385:Later life
218:Background
160:Discipline
128:Alma mater
92:membership
84:Firing by
32:1909-07-15
876:145204817
444:communist
421:Red Scare
247:Karl Marx
212:Communist
163:Economics
117:Education
90:Communist
76:1935–1978
814:(2013).
646:(2013).
464:member.
434:Scholar
235:Montreal
40:Montreal
200:Marxism
874:
827:
698:
688:
656:
471:Legacy
280:Career
239:Jewish
140:Thesis
872:S2CID
821:(PDF)
696:JSTOR
508:, in
496:Works
462:Party
367:Fifth
363:First
347:Fifth
343:First
171:Labor
97:Title
838:2017
825:ISBN
798:2017
776:2017
722:2017
686:ISBN
667:2017
654:ISBN
621:2017
365:and
345:and
47:Died
26:Born
864:doi
520:of
478:of
921::
908:,
870:.
860:69
858:.
767:.
755:^
738:.
694:.
629:^
610:.
563:^
446:.
304:.
276:.
878:.
866::
840:.
800:.
778:.
749:.
724:.
702:.
669:.
623:.
34:)
30:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
