737:
result of these new policies, Network
Solutions divided itself into two divisions. The NSI Registry division was established to manage the authoritative registries that the company would still operate, and was separated from the customer-facing registrar business that would have to compete with other registrars. The divisions were even geographically split with the NSI Registry moving from the corporate headquarters in Herndon, Virginia, to nearby Dulles, Virginia. In 2000, VeriSign purchased Network Solutions taking over its role in the Internet's DNS. The NSI Registry division eventually became VeriSign's naming services division while the remainder of Network Solutions was later sold by Verisign in 2003 to Pivotal Equity Group.
49:
829:
one at 21 Boulden Circle in New Castle, Delaware, and a third in
Fribourg, Switzerland. Their three data centers are mirrored so that a disaster at one data center has a minimal impact on operations. Verisign also leases an office suite in downtown Washington, D.C., on K street where its government relations office is located. It also has leased server space in numerous internet data centers around the world where the DNS constellation resolution sites are located, mostly at major internet peering facilities. One such facility is at the
858:. The mistake was not discovered and the certificates were not revoked until two weeks later during a routine audit. Because Verisign code-signing certificates do not specify a Certificate Revocation List Distribution Point, there was no way for them to be automatically detected as having been revoked, placing Microsoft's customers at risk. Microsoft had to later release a special security patch in order to revoke the certificates and mark them as being fraudulent.
914:, and Verisign shut down the service. Subsequently, Verisign filed a lawsuit against ICANN in February 2004, seeking to gain clarity over what services it could offer in the context of its contract with ICANN. The claim was moved from federal to California state court in August 2004. In late 2005, Verisign and ICANN announced a proposed settlement which defined a process for the introduction of new registry services in the
751:
40:
616:
263:
243:
223:
203:
183:
2195:
476:
870:– transferring domains from other registrars to themselves by making the registrants believe they were merely renewing their domain name. Although they were found not to have broken the law, they were barred from suggesting that a domain was about to expire or claim that a transfer was actually a renewal.
1006:
Because of the lack of details provided by
Verisign, it was not clear whether the breach impacted the certificate signing business, acquired by Symantec in late 2010. Some, such as Oliver Lavery, the Director of Security and Research for nCircle, doubted whether sites using Verisign SSL certificates
606:
Verisign's share price tumbled in early 2014, hastened by the U.S. government's announcement that it would "relinquish oversight of the
Internet's domain-naming system to a non-government entity". Ultimately ICANN chose to continue VeriSign's role as the root zone maintainer and the two entered into
548:
For the year ended
December 31, 2010, Verisign reported revenue of $ 681 million, up 10% from $ 616 million in 2009. Verisign operates two businesses, Naming Services, which encompasses the operation of top-level domains and critical Internet infrastructure, and Network Intelligence and Availability
828:
development which has become a major commercial and business hub for the region. In addition to its Reston headquarters, Verisign owns three data center properties. One at 22340 Dresden Street in Dulles, Virginia, not far from its corporate headquarters (within the large Broad Run
Technology Park),
736:
to manage and operate the civilian side of the
Internet's domain name registrations. Network Solutions was the sole registrar for all of the Internet's non-governmental generic top-level domains until 1998 when ICANN was established and the new system of competitive registrars was implemented. As a
556:
completed its approximately $ 1.28 billion acquisition of
Verisign's authentication business, including the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Certificate Services, the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Services, the Verisign Trust Services, the Verisign Identity Protection (VIP) Authentication Service, and
978:
DNS due to its critical importance as the domain underlying numerous "backbone" network services. Verisign was also aided by the fact that several of the other bidders were based outside the United States, which raised concerns in national security circles. On June 8, 2005, ICANN announced that
1031:
reported that "Verisign will say only that it received sealed court orders directing certain actions to be taken with respect to specific domain names". The removal of the 82 websites was cited as an impetus for the launch of "the Dot-P2P Project" in order to create a decentralized DNS service
823:
headquarters, in 2010 and decided to purchase the building in
September 2011. They have since terminated their lease of their current space in two buildings at Lakeside@Loudoun Technology Center. The company completed its move at the end of November 2011. The new headquarters is located in the
717:. Changes to the root zone were originally distributed via the A root server, but now they are distributed to all thirteen servers via a separate distribution system which Verisign maintains. Verisign is the only one of the 12 root server operators to operate more than one of the thirteen
729:. In 2016, the Department of Commerce ended its role in managing the Internet's DNS and transferred full control to ICANN. While this initially negatively impacted VeriSign's stock, ICANN eventually chose to contract with Verisign to continue its role as the root zone maintainer.
557:
the majority stake in
Verisign Japan. The deal capped a multi-year effort by Verisign to narrow its focus to its core infrastructure and security business units. Following ongoing controversies regarding Symantec's handling of certificate validation, which culminated in
969:
expired and five companies, including Verisign, bid for management of it. Verisign enlisted numerous IT and telecom heavyweights including Microsoft, IBM, Sun Microsystems, MCI, and others, to assert that Verisign had a perfect record operating
918:
registry. The documents concerning these settlements are available at ICANN.org. The ICANN comments mailing list archive documents some of the criticisms that have been raised regarding the settlement. Additionally, Verisign was involved in the
1408:
1003:(DNS) that they maintain, but would not provide details about the loss of data. Verisign was widely criticized for not disclosing the breach earlier and apparently attempting to hide the news in an October 2011 SEC filing.
533:. Those core registry functions formed the basis for Verisign's naming division, which by then had become the company's largest and most significant business unit. In 2002, Verisign was charged with violation of the
487:
certification services business. The new company received licenses to key cryptographic patents held by RSA (set to expire in 2000) and a time-limited non-compete agreement. The new company served as a
1404:
2813:
811:
Following the sale of its authentication services division in 2010, Verisign relocated from its former headquarters in Mountain View, California, to the headquarters of the naming division in
1853:
1325:
500:
in 2010, Verisign had more than 3 million certificates in operation for everything from military to financial services and retail applications, making it the largest CA in the world.
665:
for these particular domains and hosts the domains from their domain servers. In addition, Verisign is also the contracted registry operator for the country code top-level domain
1174:
420:
for $ 1.28 billion. The deal capped a multi-year effort by Verisign to narrow its focus to its core infrastructure and security business units. Symantec later sold this unit to
926:
1295:
1621:
815:(originally NSI Registry's headquarters). Verisign began shopping that year for a new permanent home shortly after moving. They signed a lease for 12061 Bluemont Way in
1953:
1104:. In March 2012, Verisign shut down the sports-betting site Bodog.com after receiving a court order, even though the domain name was registered to a Canadian company.
596:
2115:
1382:
2828:
2818:
2141:
2878:
2577:
1491:
626:
Verisign's core business is its naming services division. The division operates the authoritative domain name registries for two of the Internet's most important
1234:
2833:
1750:
999:
In February 2012, Verisign revealed that their network security had been repeatedly breached in 2010. Verisign stated that the breach did not impact the
2058:
1647:
1514:
1204:
725:” and are no longer operated from any of the company's own datacenters as a means to increase redundancy and availability and mitigate the threat of a
572:
On 14 December 2021, the Ministry of Justice, Communication and Foreign Affairs of the Tuvalu Government announced on Facebook that they have selected
2537:
1801:
2858:
2532:
2426:
1016:
2032:
1438:
2848:
2843:
2838:
1860:
1155:
2868:
1566:
1923:
1460:
697:" which are identified by the letters A-M (Verisign operates the “A” and “J” root servers). The root servers form the top of the hierarchical
2284:
1317:
899:
530:
1893:
1023:
Internet addresses that were reported to be involved in the illegal sale and distribution of counterfeit goods. As registry operator for
2587:
2002:
1674:
1540:
1264:
710:
1129:
679:
act as the “retailers”, working directly with consumers to register a domain name address. It formerly was the contracted registry for
2863:
1170:
195:
941:
In keeping with ICANN's charter to introduce competition to the domain name marketplace, Verisign agreed to give up its operation of
798:
1287:
1771:
1980:
464:
1617:
2853:
1831:
1151:
580:
460:
1949:
1355:
1037:
776:
1040:
warned of the dangers of having key pieces of Internet infrastructure such as DNS name translation under corporate control.
2107:
1378:
2774:
387:
2137:
2873:
991:. On July 1, 2011, ICANN announced that VeriSign's approval to operate .net was extended another six years, until 2017.
1487:
2823:
2324:
1697:"Microsoft Security Bulletin MS01-017 - Critical: Erroneous VeriSign-Issued Digital Certificates Pose Spoofing Hazard"
733:
48:
1226:
1072:
if the companies administering the domains are based in the U.S. The U.S. government can seize the domains ending in
761:
1696:
1592:
2782:
2449:
428:. acquired VeriSign's Security Service Customer Contracts. The acquisition effectively transferred Verisign Inc.'s
402:
780:
765:
2517:
2422:
2277:
2226:
772:
714:
661:
for their respective registry operators, which are non-profit organizations; in this role Verisign maintains the
444:
413:
2684:
2602:
2319:
1747:
1101:
576:
as the new registry service provider for the domain after Verisign did not participate in the renewal process.
429:
288:
2582:
2054:
1643:
1196:
732:
VeriSign's naming services division dates back to 1993 when Network Solutions was awarded a contract by the
726:
672:
534:
440:
169:
1793:
2249:
2626:
2392:
2314:
2028:
1430:
676:
538:
496:
through our Digital Authentication services and products". Prior to selling its certificate business to
489:
1886:"ICANN - Archives - General Information Regarding Designation of the Subsequent .net registry Operator"
443:(CFO) Brian Robins announced in August 2010 that the company would move from its original location of
2352:
2270:
1405:"The Emerson Firm Announces Class Action Lawsuit Against VeriSign Inc. on Behalf of Investors — VRSN"
542:
409:
2329:
2306:
1915:
1464:
493:
701:
that supports most modern Internet communication. Verisign also generates the globally recognized
2412:
2084:
1000:
903:
825:
812:
698:
2229:
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Bidzos discusses his leadership of software security firm
1722:
1885:
882:, which redirected Web browsers to a search service when users attempted to go to non-existent
2724:
2230:
1670:
1027:, Verisign performed the required takedowns of the 82 sites under order from law enforcement.
834:
683:
658:
627:
504:
456:
109:
2006:
1256:
1121:
1048:
In March 2012, the U.S. government declared that it has the right to seize domains ending in
2719:
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2200:
816:
718:
694:
452:
378:
348:
255:
147:
54:
2347:
2164:
1754:
867:
356:
2233:
as it sought to commercialize encryption technology as well as his role in creating the
2217:
549:(NIA) Services, which encompasses DDoS mitigation, managed DNS and threat intelligence.
2679:
2567:
2362:
2234:
1976:
702:
619:
553:
497:
417:
65:
2807:
2787:
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2339:
705:
and is also responsible for processing changes to that file once they are ordered by
562:
86:
73:
1823:
1431:"VeriSign To Sell Network Solutions, Exit Registrar Business - News - TechNewsWorld"
525:
TLDs under agreements with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (
2734:
2669:
2382:
2357:
1767:
1347:
1036:
during the following week and its forced move to wikileaks.ch, a Swiss domain, the
947:
top-level domain in 2003 in exchange for a continuation of its contract to operate
851:
484:
137:
416:(PKI), Verisign Trust Seal, and Verisign Identity Protection (VIP) services – to
2739:
2622:
2522:
2444:
2387:
2377:
879:
750:
351:, that operates a diverse array of network infrastructure, including two of the
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2527:
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600:
448:
215:
91:
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2407:
2402:
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2237:
and founding Verisign. Oral history interview 2004, Mill Valley, California.
1726:
1700:
1033:
855:
675:). Registry operators are the "wholesalers" of Internet domain names, while
662:
615:
39:
1227:"NeuStar Acquires VeriSign - Security Services Customer Contracts | Mergr"
898:
asserted that Verisign had overstepped the terms of its contract with the
2714:
2699:
2634:
1097:
566:
421:
408:
In 2010, Verisign sold its authentication business unit – which included
352:
165:
105:
1723:"Windows Security Update: Verisign Digital Certificates Spoofing Hazard"
436:, DNS Firewall and fee-based Recursive DNS services customer contracts.
17:
2764:
2759:
2674:
2649:
2639:
2597:
2562:
2557:
2489:
2454:
2434:
2254:
1171:"Symantec To Buy VeriSign Unit For $ 1.28 Billion – Storage – Disaster"
1092:
by serving a court-order on Verisign, which manages those domains. The
1032:
without centralized registry operators. Following the disappearance of
921:
830:
722:
573:
492:(CA) and its initial mission was "providing trust for the Internet and
425:
1515:"Lehi's DigiCert swallows web security competitor in $ 1 billion deal"
2744:
2607:
2542:
2494:
2459:
2439:
2262:
558:
306:
82:
951:, which, at the time had more than 34 million registered addresses.
837:, one of the world's largest datacenters and internet transit hubs.
475:
1541:"GoDaddy wins contract to run .TV, Verisign didn't bid for renewal"
2694:
2664:
2552:
2547:
2512:
2484:
2479:
1977:"VeriSign Hacked Multiple Times in 2010 | News & Opinion"
1257:"Neustar Acquires Verisign's Security Services Customer Contracts"
988:
895:
706:
654:
643:
526:
474:
392:
373:
235:
2792:
2659:
2654:
965:
943:
890:
884:
680:
648:
638:
632:
591:
585:
521:
515:
509:
398:
367:
361:
2266:
545:(wholesale) function as its core Internet addressing business.
2729:
1618:"VeriSign Inc. (VRSN) Pulled Back After Government Transition"
1348:"Verisign acquires Network Solutions for $ 21B - Mar. 7, 2000"
744:
687:
667:
433:
383:
2222:
1197:"Symantec Plans to Sell This Business for Nearly $ 1 Billion"
302:
2210:
1461:"VERISIGN REPORTS 10% YEAR-OVER-YEAR REVENUE GROWTH IN 2010"
902:, which in essence grants Verisign the right to operate the
854:
certificates to an individual claiming to be an employee of
296:
1019:(U.S. ICE) issued seizure orders against 82 web sites with
1567:"GSA selects VeriSign to manage .gov domain name registry"
459:
by 2011 due to 95% of the company's business being on the
963:
In mid-2005, the existing contract for the operation of
878:
In September 2003, Verisign introduced a service called
850:
In January 2001, Verisign mistakenly issued two Class 3
325:
693:
Verisign also operates two of the Internet's thirteen "
2080:
1824:"ICANN Email Archives: [settlement-comments]"
1593:"Verisign loses prestige .gov contract to Cloudflare"
646:. It is the primary technical subcontractor for the
2773:
2621:
2502:
2421:
2338:
2305:
2298:
1950:"VeriSign Hacked: What We Don't Know Might Hurt Us"
541:) business in 2003 for $ 100million, retaining the
320:
287:
273:
253:
233:
213:
193:
177:
157:
143:
133:
115:
101:
71:
61:
2814:Internet technology companies of the United States
2218:Digicert SSL Certificates - formerly from Verisign
2081:"Peer-to-peer response to Verisign's DNS removals"
537:. Verisign divested the Network Solutions retail (
483:Verisign was founded in 1995 as a spin-off of the
2108:"WikiLeaks under attack: the definitive timeline"
686:as well as for the country code top-level domain
1379:"VeriSign boosts profit 23% on revenue, margins"
974:. They proposed Verisign continue to manage the
597:Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
2165:"Uncle Sam: If It Ends in .Com, It's .Seizable"
1488:"Symantec Acquires VeriSign for $ 1.28 Billion"
583:(GSA) to operate the registry services for the
561:untrusting Symantec-issued certificates in its
2278:
8:
995:2010: Data breach and disclosure controversy
589:top-level domain. They continued to operate
32:
1943:
1941:
779:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
603:to replace Verisign as the .gov operator.
2302:
2285:
2271:
2263:
1757:: VeriSign slammed for domain renewal scam
1288:"VeriSign shifts headquarters to Virginia"
47:
38:
31:
1671:"A Brief History of NSF and the Internet"
1122:"Verisign Company Profile - CNNMoney.com"
799:Learn how and when to remove this message
2223:Oral history interview with James Bidzos
1017:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
614:
1156:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
1113:
2829:Computer companies established in 1995
2819:American companies established in 1995
2029:"Verisign implicated in DNS annulment"
1975:Albanesius, Chloe (February 2, 2012).
1834:from the original on February 18, 2006
1677:from the original on November 27, 2015
1539:Allemann, Andrew (December 14, 2021).
1237:from the original on February 29, 2020
979:Verisign had been approved to operate
846:2001: Code signing certificate mistake
579:In 2011, Verisign was selected by the
2879:Domain name seizures by United States
2144:from the original on December 5, 2010
2118:from the original on January 17, 2017
2061:from the original on December 6, 2010
2035:from the original on December 1, 2010
1983:from the original on January 16, 2013
1896:from the original on December 4, 2004
1804:from the original on February 7, 2006
1650:from the original on November 6, 2015
1328:from the original on October 16, 2018
1132:from the original on October 10, 2017
359:, the authoritative registry for the
7:
2055:"Verisign acknowledges DNS removals"
2003:"82 Websites removed by DNS removal"
1926:from the original on October 3, 2015
1565:Lipowicz, Alice (February 3, 2011).
1298:from the original on August 30, 2010
1207:from the original on January 4, 2018
983:until 2011. More information on the
777:adding citations to reliable sources
531:United States Department of Commerce
507:for $ 21billion, which operated the
2834:Companies based in Reston, Virginia
2138:"EFF warns of Internet chokepoints"
2106:Arthur, Charles (January 8, 2010).
2087:from the original on March 28, 2018
1624:from the original on April 13, 2014
1545:Domain Name Wire | Domain Name News
1441:from the original on March 18, 2012
1411:from the original on August 7, 2014
1385:from the original on August 1, 2013
1358:from the original on April 12, 2011
1267:from the original on April 19, 2019
390:, and the back-end systems for the
1956:from the original on June 11, 2013
1948:Bradley, Tony (February 2, 2012).
1854:"Kremen v. Network Solutions, Inc"
1774:from the original on July 12, 2007
1591:Murphy, Kevin (January 16, 2023).
1494:from the original on March 2, 2018
1152:"Verisign 2023 Annual Report 10-K"
25:
1286:Krouse, Sarah (August 27, 2010).
1177:from the original on May 22, 2010
1169:Antone Gonsalves (May 20, 2010).
2193:
2163:Kravets, David (March 6, 2012).
987:bidding process is available at
749:
721:. The A and J root servers are "
347:is an American company based in
262:
261:
242:
241:
222:
221:
202:
201:
182:
181:
2859:1995 establishments in Virginia
1859:. July 25, 2003. Archived from
1513:Raymond, Art (August 3, 2017).
1407:(Press release). May 16, 2002.
866:In 2002, Verisign was sued for
581:General Services Administration
336:Footnotes / references
2849:Radio-frequency identification
2844:Former certificate authorities
2839:Companies listed on the Nasdaq
1038:Electronic Frontier Foundation
1011:2010: Web site domain seizures
862:2002: Domain transfer law suit
424:in 2017. On October 25, 2018,
388:country-code top-level domains
1:
2869:1998 initial public offerings
2775:Web content management system
1770:. ICANN.org. March 26, 2007.
1044:2012: Web site domain seizure
565:, Symantec sold this unit to
430:Distributed Denial of Service
2240:Business data for Verisign:
1668:National Science Foundation
1486:Dealbook (August 10, 2010).
1377:Kell, John (July 25, 2013).
874:2003: Site Finder legal case
1381:. The Wall Street Journal.
1292:Washington Business Journal
900:U.S. Department of Commerce
734:National Science Foundation
715:U.S. Department of Commerce
569:in 2017 for $ 950 Million.
503:In 2000, Verisign acquired
432:(DDoS) protection, Managed
403:sponsored top-level domains
2895:
2783:Document management system
2450:Domain Technologie Control
2423:Web hosting control panels
1015:On November 29, 2010, the
2864:DDoS mitigation companies
2227:Charles Babbage Institute
1096:domain is managed by the
595:service until 2023, when
414:public key infrastructure
334:
316:
283:
46:
37:
27:American Internet company
1753:August 10, 2017, at the
1102:Public Interest Registry
607:a new contract in 2016.
465:incorporated in Delaware
1173:. Informationweek.com.
727:single point of failure
535:Securities Exchange Act
441:chief financial officer
2854:Domain name registries
1768:"Litigation Documents"
1318:"EDGAR Search Results"
925:matter decided by the
833:Ashburn Datacenter in
677:domain name registrars
623:
480:
121:; 29 years ago
2393:Web content lifecycle
1644:"Registry Agreements"
1435:www.technewsworld.com
618:
539:domain name registrar
490:certificate authority
478:
2353:Mobile web analytics
1437:. October 17, 2003.
1158:. February 15, 2024.
773:improve this section
713:and approved by the
622:produced by Verisign
543:domain name registry
410:Secure Sockets Layer
2874:Corporate spin-offs
2009:on December 2, 2010
1866:on February 3, 2007
1467:on November 2, 2011
552:On August 9, 2010,
494:Electronic Commerce
412:(SSL) certificate,
275:Number of employees
119:April 12, 1995
34:
2824:Domain Name System
2413:Website governance
2293:Website management
1620:. March 18, 2014.
1203:. August 2, 2017.
1100:-based non-profit
1007:could be trusted.
1001:Domain Name System
826:Reston Town Center
813:Sterling, Virginia
741:Company properties
699:Domain Name System
624:
563:Chrome web browser
481:
439:Verisign's former
2801:
2800:
2725:Network Solutions
2373:
2372:
2231:RSA Data Security
1748:TheRegister.co.uk
835:Ashburn, Virginia
809:
808:
801:
684:top-level domains
659:top-level domains
628:top-level domains
505:Network Solutions
463:. The company is
457:Northern Virginia
379:top-level domains
342:
341:
16:(Redirected from
2886:
2720:NearlyFreeSpeech
2573:Identity Digital
2504:Top-level domain
2303:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2264:
2214:
2213:
2211:Official website
2203:
2201:Companies portal
2198:
2197:
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2068:
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2045:
2044:
2042:
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2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2005:. Archived from
1999:
1993:
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1729:. March 28, 2001
1719:
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1703:. March 22, 2001
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1463:. Archived from
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719:root nameservers
670:
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574:GoDaddy Registry
524:
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401:
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357:root nameservers
349:Reston, Virginia
330:
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268:
267:US$ −1.6 billion
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247:US$ 1.75 billion
245:
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207:US$ 1.00 billion
205:
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196:Operating income
188:
187:US$ 1.49 billion
185:
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148:Reston, Virginia
129:
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55:Reston, Virginia
53:Headquarters in
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933:2003: Gives up
920:
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868:domain slamming
864:
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666:
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2187:External links
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1979:. PCMag.com.
1978:
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1955:
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845:
841:Controversies
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822:
819:, the former
818:
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758:This section
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673:Cocos Islands
669:
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660:
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650:
645:
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634:
629:
621:
617:
610:
608:
604:
602:
599:(CISA) chose
598:
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501:
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491:
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477:
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454:
450:
446:
445:Mountain View
442:
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427:
423:
419:
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389:
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19:
2735:Register.com
2670:GMO Internet
2612:
2383:Web document
2358:Web tracking
2325:Self-hosting
2320:Peer-to-peer
2172:. Retrieved
2168:
2158:
2148:November 12,
2146:. Retrieved
2132:
2122:December 18,
2120:. Retrieved
2112:the Guardian
2111:
2101:
2091:November 12,
2089:. Retrieved
2075:
2065:November 12,
2063:. Retrieved
2049:
2039:November 12,
2037:. Retrieved
2023:
2013:November 12,
2011:. Retrieved
2007:the original
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1928:. Retrieved
1919:
1910:
1898:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1861:the original
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1827:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1762:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1691:
1681:November 30,
1679:. Retrieved
1664:
1654:November 30,
1652:. Retrieved
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1597:DomainIncite
1596:
1586:
1574:. Retrieved
1570:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1544:
1534:
1522:. Retrieved
1519:Deseret News
1518:
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1465:the original
1455:
1443:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1351:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1300:. Retrieved
1291:
1281:
1271:February 29,
1269:. Retrieved
1261:home.neustar
1260:
1251:
1241:February 29,
1239:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1200:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1164:
1146:
1136:September 1,
1134:. Retrieved
1125:
1116:
1047:
1028:
1014:
1005:
998:
962:
940:
877:
865:
852:code signing
849:
810:
795:
786:
771:Please help
759:
731:
695:root servers
692:
688:.tv (Tuvalu)
625:
605:
578:
571:
551:
547:
502:
485:RSA Security
482:
438:
426:NeuStar, Inc
407:
355:'s thirteen
344:
343:
335:
256:Total equity
236:Total assets
144:Headquarters
138:James Bidzos
62:Company type
29:
2740:Squarespace
2623:Domain name
2523:DNS Belgium
2445:DirectAdmin
2388:Web content
2378:Overselling
2307:Web hosting
2250:SEC filings
1952:. PCWorld.
1900:December 4,
1838:February 3,
1808:February 3,
1673:. nsf.gov.
1602:January 16,
1576:January 16,
1332:October 16,
1322:www.sec.gov
880:Site Finder
789:August 2013
92:S&P 500
2808:Categories
2755:Webcentral
2690:Infomaniak
2627:registrars
2593:NIC México
2528:CentralNic
2506:registries
2475:Ispmanager
2427:comparison
2398:Web server
1930:October 1,
1870:August 21,
1778:August 21,
1389:August 24,
1108:References
821:Sallie Mae
663:zone files
601:Cloudflare
529:) and the
461:East Coast
449:California
279:908 (2023)
216:Net income
159:Key people
126:1995-04-12
2710:Hostinger
2705:Namecheap
2645:DreamHost
2470:ISPConfig
2465:InterWorx
2408:Webmaster
2403:Web cache
2315:Clustered
1890:icann.org
1727:Microsoft
1707:April 29,
1701:Microsoft
1646:. ICANN.
1628:April 12,
1471:April 12,
1445:April 12,
1362:April 12,
1231:mergr.com
1126:CNN Money
1034:WikiLeaks
856:Microsoft
760:does not
723:anycasted
299:(primary)
94:component
74:Traded as
2715:NameSilo
2700:Name.com
2635:Bluehost
2613:Verisign
2299:Concepts
2174:June 24,
2142:Archived
2116:Archived
2085:Archived
2059:Archived
2033:Archived
1987:July 13,
1981:Archived
1960:July 13,
1954:Archived
1924:Archived
1894:Archived
1832:Archived
1802:Archived
1772:Archived
1751:Archived
1733:June 30,
1675:Archived
1648:Archived
1622:Archived
1498:March 5,
1492:Archived
1439:Archived
1415:July 19,
1409:Archived
1383:Archived
1356:Archived
1326:Archived
1302:March 1,
1296:Archived
1265:Archived
1235:Archived
1211:March 1,
1205:Archived
1181:July 13,
1175:Archived
1130:Archived
1098:Virginia
567:DigiCert
554:Symantec
498:Symantec
422:DigiCert
418:Symantec
381:and the
377:generic
353:Internet
326:verisign
166:chairman
106:Internet
102:Industry
18:VeriSign
2765:Wix.com
2760:Web.com
2675:GoDaddy
2650:Dynadot
2640:Domainz
2598:Nominet
2563:GoDaddy
2558:Freenom
2490:Usermin
2455:Froxlor
2435:AlternC
2330:Virtual
1916:"ICANN"
1794:"ICANN"
1524:May 21,
1201:Fortune
922:sex.com
831:Equinix
781:removed
766:sources
471:History
321:Website
178:Revenue
134:Founder
124: (
116:Founded
85::
2745:Tucows
2608:Tucows
2543:CZ.NIC
2495:Webmin
2460:i-MSCP
2440:cPanel
2255:Yahoo!
2245:Google
1088:, and
1068:, and
959:domain
937:domain
817:Reston
642:, and
559:Google
453:Dulles
371:, and
307:J-root
269:(2023)
249:(2023)
229:(2023)
209:(2023)
189:(2023)
168:&
83:Nasdaq
66:Public
2695:Jimdo
2685:Hover
2665:Gandi
2553:EURid
2548:DENIC
2538:CNNIC
2513:AFNIC
2485:Plesk
2480:Kloxo
2169:Wired
1864:(PDF)
1857:(PDF)
1090:.name
1066:.name
989:ICANN
896:ICANN
707:ICANN
655:.jobs
644:.name
527:ICANN
451:, to
393:.jobs
374:.name
303:26415
2660:Epik
2655:Enom
2588:KISA
2583:JPRS
2533:CIRA
2518:auDA
2176:2021
2150:2010
2124:2016
2093:2010
2067:2010
2041:2010
2015:2010
1989:2013
1962:2013
1932:2015
1902:2004
1872:2007
1840:2006
1810:2006
1780:2007
1735:2012
1709:2021
1683:2015
1656:2015
1630:2014
1604:2023
1578:2023
1552:2023
1526:2020
1500:2017
1473:2011
1447:2011
1417:2013
1391:2013
1364:2011
1334:2018
1304:2018
1273:2020
1243:2020
1213:2018
1183:2013
1138:2016
1094:.org
1078:.net
1074:.com
1070:.org
1054:.net
1050:.com
1025:.com
1021:.com
985:.net
981:.net
976:.net
972:.net
966:.net
957:.net
949:.com
944:.org
935:.org
916:.com
912:.net
910:and
908:.com
906:for
891:.net
885:.com
764:any
762:cite
711:IANA
709:via
681:.gov
652:and
649:.edu
639:.net
636:and
633:.com
592:.gov
586:.gov
522:.org
519:and
516:.net
510:.com
399:.edu
396:and
368:.net
362:.com
328:.com
297:7342
289:ASNs
152:U.S.
87:VRSN
2750:UK2
2730:OVH
2603:PIR
2578:IPM
1571:GCN
1086:.tv
1082:.cc
1062:.tv
1058:.cc
904:DNS
888:or
775:by
668:.cc
455:in
434:DNS
405:.
384:.cc
170:CEO
2810::
2225:,
2167:.
2140:.
2114:.
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1940:^
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1084:,
1080:,
1076:,
1064:,
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929:.
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630:,
513:,
467:.
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365:,
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