1517:
58:
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the living genera of vertebrates, at a network of digitization centers across the US. This collection of digital imagery and three-dimensional volumes will be open for exploration, download, and use to address questions related to the discovery of new species, documenting patterns of anatomical diversity and growth, and testing hypotheses of function and evolution.
568:
1504:
The oVert (openVertebrate) Thematic
Collection Network (TCN) is a project that aims to generate and distribute high-resolution digital three-dimensional data for internal anatomy across vertebrate diversity. The project will CT-scan over 20,000 fluid-preserved specimens, representing more than 80% of
1632:
Jefferson, Thomas, "A Memoir on the
Discovery of Certain Bones of a Quadruped of the Clawed Kind in the Western Parts of Virginia", Read before the American Philosophical Society, March 10, 1797. The "certain bones" consisted of three large claws and associated smaller bones. He theorized that they
1609:
Hackett, S.J., Kimball, R.T., Reddy, S., Bowie, R.C.K., Braun, E.L., Braun, M.J., Chojnowski, J.L., Cox, W.A., Han, K-L., Harshman, J., Huddleston, C.J., Marks, B.D., Miglia, K.J., Moore, W.S., Sheldon, F.H., Steadman, D.W., Witt, C.C. and Yuri T. (2008) A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their
871:(1769–1832), who realized that fossils found in older rock strata differed greatly from more recent fossils or modern animals. He published his findings in 1812 and, although he steadfastly refuted
1024:(1998), Hildebrand and Goslow (2001) and Knobill and Neill (2006). While mostly seen in general works, it is also still used in some specialist works like Fortuny & al. (2011).
961:
in 1940, alongside co-founder Howard Chiu. An updated work that largely carried on the tradition from Romer, and by many considered definitive book on the subject was written by
953:. It shows the progression of evolution in fossil fish, and amphibians and reptiles through comparative anatomy, including a list of all the (then) known fossil vertebrate
1656:
969:. Carroll was president of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in 1983. The Society keeps its members informed on the latest discoveries through newsletters and the
675:
period (419 to 359 Ma) saw primitive air-breathing fish to develop limbs allowing them to walk on land, thus becoming the first terrestrial vertebrates, the
1772:
1669:
Wistar, Caspar (1799), "A Description of the Bones
Deposited, by the President, in the Museum of the Society, and Represented in the Annexed Plates",
689:
period (359 to 299 Ma) left little of the early stegocephalians, but allowed vertebrates more adapted to life on land to flourish in their wake.
228:
554:
1654:
Jefferson, Thomas (1799), "A Memoir on the
Discovery of Certain Bones of a Quadruped of the Clawed Kind in the Western Parts of Virginia",
1873:
1851:
958:
1773:"New insights on the Permian and Triassic vertebrates from the Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on the Pyrenean and Catalonian basins"
1736:
1892:
243:
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in 1859, the field got a theoretical framework. Much of the subsequent work has been to map the relationship between fossil and
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117:
31:
886:
35:
885:
is credited with initiating the science of vertebrate paleontology in the United States with the reading of a paper to the
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208:
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112:
1797:
1700:
893:
in 1797. Jefferson presented fossil bones of a ground sloth found in a cave in western
Virginia and named the genus (
708:
better suited for life exclusively on land, as well as a novel form of reproduction freeing them from the water: the
903:
in his honor. Jefferson corresponded with Cuvier, including sending him a shipment of highly desirable bones of the
1780:
1712:
Benton, M. J. (1998). "The quality of the fossil record of vertebrates". In
Donovan, S. K.; Paul, C. R. C. (eds.).
547:
1638:
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425:
374:
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correctly identified the remains as belonging to a giant ground sloth. In 1822 Wistar officially named it
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643:, though there are still large blank areas. The earliest known fossil vertebrates were heavily armored
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1560:
Kundrát, Martin; Nudds, John; Kear, Benjamin P.; Lü, Junchang; Ahlberg, Per (24 October 2018).
1869:
1861:
1847:
1732:
1682:
Rice, Howard C, Jr., "Jefferson's Gift of
Fossils to the Museum of Natural History in Paris,"
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928:, beginning the serious study into the lives of extinct animals. With the publication of the
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This classical scheme is still used in works where systematic overview is essential, e.g.
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415:
296:
155:
97:
1001:, i.e. have given rise to another taxa that have been given the same rank. For instance,
17:
867:
One of the people who helped figure out the vertebrate progression was French zoologist
700:
dominating the ecosystem and becoming the first land vertebrate megafauna. A lineage of
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1304:
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1021:
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mammals had already evolved in the Late
Jurassic, they would rise to prominence in the
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676:
615:
The fossil record shows aspects of the meandering evolutionary path from early aquatic
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359:
107:
947:(1894–1973) wrote what has been termed the definitive textbook on the subject, called
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to be precise), but in this system both are listed as separate classes. Under
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832:
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817:
705:
648:
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598:
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369:
1429:
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1017:, such an arrangement is unacceptable, though it offers excellent overview.
895:
872:
856:
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844:
840:
771:, modern amphibians, likely arose around that time from temnospondyls. True
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period (299 to 252 Ma), one of the two major branches of amniotes, the
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336:
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924:(1807–1873). He studied, described and listed hundreds of species of
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72:
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1080:
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652:
566:
1731:. Principal ill. Viola Hildebrand. New York: Wiley. p. 429.
724:
relatives flourished in the seas, while rivers were dominated by
1298:
1002:
914:
Paleontology really got started though, with the publication of
799:
644:
628:
620:
855:
following the mass extinction and remain to this day, although
605:
and their descendants). It also tries to connect, by using the
1771:
Fortuny J, Bolet A, Sellés AG, Cartanyà J, Galobart À (2011).
597:
remains, the behavior, reproduction and appearance of extinct
787:, who emerged from a clade of archosaurs. At the same time,
1114:("spiny sharks", sometimes classified under bony fishes) â€
993:
The "traditional" vertebrate classification scheme employ
612:, the animals of the past and their modern-day relatives.
1621:
Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones, and
Geological Catastrophes
1815:"The oVert Thematic Collections Network // MorphoSource"
875:, his work proved the (at the time) contested theory of
1566:
from the Upper
Jurassic Mörnsheim Formation of Germany"
1842:
Anderson, Jason S.; Sues, Hans-Dieter, eds. (2007).
1633:were the remains of an extinct lion which he named
1657:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1320:(modern birds and some advanced Cretaceous forms)
1005:are generally considered to be the descendants of
985:Classical spindle diagram of the evolution of the
940:organisms, as well as their history through time.
1684:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1697:Romer, Alfred Sherwood (United States 1894-1973)
831:wiped out many vertebrate clades, including the
1846:. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
755:wiped out most of the synapsid diversity, with
1866:Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution
1610:evolutionary history. Science. 320: 1763-1768.
1754:Knobil and Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction
1397:(kangaroos, dunnarts, opossums, wombats etc.)
847:, leaving many ecological niches open. While
593:that seeks to discover, through the study of
548:
8:
1623:, (Chicago: Chicago University Press), 1997.
27:Scientific study of prehistoric vertebrates
1727:Hildebrand, M.; Goslow, G. E. Jr. (2001).
957:. Romer became the first president of the
696:appeared in the early Carboniferous, with
555:
541:
40:
1844:Major Transitions in Vertebrate Evolution
1868:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
812:first evolved from dinosaurs during the
1552:
48:
1500:The oVert Thematic Collections Network
763:branch, replacing many of them in the
997:where several of the taxa listed are
967:Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
663:period (444 to 419 Ma) with the
7:
1307:(primitive dinosaur-like birds like
965:of McGill University, the 1988 text
917:Recherches sur les poissons fossiles
899:). The species was ultimately named
716:appearing in the mid-Carboniferous.
34:. For the book by Alfred Romer, see
30:For the book by Michael Benton, see
859:and birds still lead in diversity.
971:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
959:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
25:
1714:The adequacy of the fossil record
651:period about 485 to 444 Ma (
1729:Analysis of vertebrate structure
1515:
920:(1833–1843) by Swiss naturalist
56:
824:between 100 Ma and 60 Ma.
118:List of human evolution fossils
32:Vertebrate Palaeontology (book)
1794:10.5209/rev_JIGE.2011.v37.n1.5
1756:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.).
1034:Phylum Chordata (vertebrates)
887:American Philosophical Society
36:Vertebrate Paleontology (book)
1:
1637:("giant claw"). In 1799, Dr.
1582:10.1080/08912963.2018.1518443
1248:(crocodiles, alligators etc.)
779:therapsids, showed up in the
767:period (252 to 201 Ma).
647:discovered in rocks from the
1487:(monkeys, apes and primates)
1446:(cattle and other ungulates)
1327:(Cretaceous toothed birds) â€
783:around the same time as the
113:List of transitional fossils
1701:Western Kentucky University
1241:(lizards & snakes too)
743:, flourished, with derived
655:, million years ago), with
229:Mammalian auditory ossicles
1909:
1781:Journal of Iberian Geology
1716:. New York: Wiley. Fig. 2.
816:, with crown-group birds (
795:fish dominating the seas.
759:, emerging from the other
659:emerging in the following
29:
1752:Neill, J.D., ed. (2006).
1063:(armoured jawless fish) â€
1015:phylogenetic nomenclature
426:Invertebrate paleontology
375:Biological classification
355:Introduction to evolution
256:Evolution of various taxa
18:Vertebrate paleontologist
1345:(All other extant birds)
791:diversified, leading to
749:the middle of the period
410:Branches of paleontology
398:Timeline of paleontology
1893:Vertebrate paleozoology
1562:"The first specimen of
1255:(Tuatara and relatives)
950:Vertebrate Paleontology
587:Vertebrate paleontology
516:Vertebrate paleontology
393:History of paleontology
387:History of paleontology
108:Lagerstätte fossil beds
1673:, pp. 526-531, plates.
1098:and extinct relatives)
990:
583:
436:Molecular paleontology
1686:, 95 (1958): 597-627.
1660:, Vol. 4 pp. 246-260.
1643:Megalonyx jeffersonii
1541:Evolution of reptiles
1466:(whales and dolphins)
1072:(cartilaginous fish)
995:evolutionary taxonomy
984:
901:Megalonyx jeffersonii
570:
176:Timeline of evolution
1819:www.morphosource.org
1695:Smith, C.H. (2005):
1536:Evolution of mammals
1262:(Lizards and snakes)
829:K-Pg mass extinction
712:, with full-fledged
641:transitional fossils
193:Organs and processes
103:List of fossil sites
1523:Paleontology portal
589:is the subfield of
527:Paleontology Portal
181:Transitional fossil
151:Geologic time scale
44:Part of a series on
1862:Carroll, Robert L.
1570:Historical Biology
991:
820:) emerging in the
584:
578:site of Lo Hueco (
88:Fossil preparation
1619:Rudwick, Martin.
1531:Evolution of fish
1473:(mice, rats etc.)
1107:(armoured fish) â€
963:Robert L. Carroll
943:In modern times,
930:Origin of Species
905:American mastodon
657:jawed vertebrates
639:, with a host of
565:
564:
491:Paleotempestology
476:Paleoneurobiology
431:Micropaleontology
16:(Redirected from
1900:
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1857:
1829:
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1826:
1825:
1811:
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1803:on May 17, 2011.
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1796:. Archived from
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1699:, homepage from
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1146:Labyrinthodontia
883:Thomas Jefferson
726:lobe-finned fish
557:
550:
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506:Sclerochronology
234:Mosaic evolution
171:Paleoclimatology
141:Extinction event
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1836:Further reading
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1760:. p. 2177.
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1041:(jawless fish)
979:
865:
843:and nearly all
789:ray-finned fish
781:Middle Triassic
775:, derived from
747:taking over in
677:stegocephalians
574:at work at the
572:Paleontologists
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521:
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416:Biostratigraphy
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239:Nervous systems
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161:History of life
156:Geologic record
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130:Natural history
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98:List of fossils
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1077:Elasmobranchii
1070:Chondrichthyes
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989:at class level
978:
977:Classification
975:
934:Charles Darwin
909:woolly mammoth
869:Georges Cuvier
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769:Lissamphibians
702:reptiliomorphs
601:(animals with
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1822:. Retrieved
1818:
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1798:the original
1788:(1): 65–86.
1785:
1779:
1766:
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1671:Transactions
1670:
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1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1573:
1569:
1563:
1555:
1503:
1444:Artiodactyla
1308:
1288:Ornithischia
1253:Sphenodontia
1201:Pelycosauria
1180:Cotylosauria
1160:Lissamphibia
1153:Lepospondyli
1121:(bony fish)
1119:Osteichthyes
1061:Ostracodermi
1046:Cyclostomata
1026:
1019:
999:paraphyletic
992:
970:
966:
948:
945:Alfred Romer
942:
915:
913:
900:
894:
891:Philadelphia
881:
879:of species.
866:
826:
807:
797:
734:
710:amniotic egg
704:developed a
681:
669:acanthodians
614:
607:evolutionary
591:paleontology
586:
585:
515:
496:Paleozoology
456:Paleoecology
446:Paleobiology
199:Avian flight
136:Biogeography
93:Index fossil
78:Trace fossil
50:Paleontology
1453:(elephants)
1451:Proboscidea
1432:(dogs/cats)
1411:Insectivora
1402:Infraclass
1395:Marsupialia
1387:Infraclass
1366:Monotremata
1360:Prototheria
1341:Superorder
1330:Superorder
1323:Superorder
1274:Pterosauria
1092:Holocephali
987:vertebrates
926:fossil fish
837:plesiosaurs
753:Great Dying
735:During the
691:Crown-group
683:Romer's gap
623:as well as
617:vertebrates
599:vertebrates
451:Paleobotany
272:Cephalopods
267:Butterflies
83:Microfossil
1824:2024-03-12
1547:References
1478:Lagomorpha
1417:Chiroptera
1389:Metatheria
1343:Neognathae
1318:Neornithes
1281:Saurischia
1267:Thecodonts
1246:Crocodilia
1217:Euryapsida
1208:Therapsida
1187:Testudines
1112:Acanthodii
1105:Placodermi
877:extinction
833:pterosaurs
822:Cretaceous
818:Neornithes
798:Ancestral
757:archosaurs
745:therapsids
730:rhizodonts
720:and their
706:metabolism
665:placoderms
649:Ordovician
637:amphibians
619:to modern
595:fossilized
501:Palynology
370:Cladistics
209:Multicells
1635:Megalonyx
1595:13 August
1480:(rabbits)
1430:Carnivora
1424:Creodonta
1381:Subclass
1358:Subclass
1316:Subclass
1303:Subclass
1237:Subclass
1215:Subclass
1195:Synapsida
1193:Subclass
1172:Subclass
1158:Subclass
1151:Subclass
1144:Subclass
1130:Subclass
1124:Subclass
1096:chimaeras
1090:Subclass
1075:Subclass
1059:Subclass
1044:Subclass
1011:dinosaurs
896:Megalonyx
873:evolution
857:squamates
853:Paleogene
845:dinosaurs
841:mosasaurs
785:dinosaurs
761:sauropsid
741:synapsids
694:tetrapods
653:megaannum
603:vertebrae
511:Taphonomy
421:Ichnology
365:Phylogeny
349:Evolution
337:Tetrapods
282:Dinosaurs
277:Cetaceans
1887:Category
1864:(1997).
1590:91497638
1576:: 3–63.
1509:See also
1485:Primates
1471:Rodentia
1458:Edentata
1439:(horses)
1404:Eutheria
1374:echidnas
1372:and the
1370:platypus
1354:Mammalia
1260:Squamata
1239:Diapsida
1174:Anapsida
1168:Reptilia
1140:Amphibia
1054:lampreys
1029:Animalia
1027:Kingdom
1007:reptiles
907:and the
814:Jurassic
777:cynodont
765:Triassic
714:amniotes
673:Devonian
661:Silurian
633:reptiles
610:timeline
576:dinosaur
531:Category
327:Sea cows
322:Reptiles
312:Molluscs
219:Flagella
1464:Cetacea
1336:ratites
1050:hagfish
1039:Agnatha
863:History
849:therian
806:) like
804:Avialae
793:teleost
773:mammals
737:Permian
625:mammals
332:Spiders
307:Mammals
302:Insects
67:Fossils
1872:
1850:
1735:
1588:
1483:Order
1476:Order
1469:Order
1462:Order
1456:Order
1449:Order
1442:Order
1435:Order
1428:Order
1422:Order
1419:(bats)
1415:Order
1409:Order
1393:Order
1383:Theria
1364:Order
1352:Class
1297:Class
1286:Order
1279:Order
1272:Order
1265:Order
1258:Order
1251:Order
1244:Order
1228:Order
1221:Order
1206:Order
1199:Order
1185:Order
1178:Order
1166:Class
1138:Class
1117:Class
1110:Class
1103:Class
1081:sharks
1068:Class
1037:Class
1022:Benton
955:genera
938:extant
751:. The
718:Sharks
671:. The
317:Plants
297:Humans
287:Fishes
1801:(PDF)
1776:(PDF)
1586:S2CID
1085:rayes
1003:birds
800:birds
728:like
629:birds
292:Fungi
262:Birds
204:Cells
1870:ISBN
1848:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1597:2022
1299:Aves
1083:and
1052:and
827:The
667:and
645:fish
635:and
621:fish
224:Hair
214:Eyes
1790:doi
1578:doi
1313:) â€
932:by
889:in
244:Sex
1889::
1817:.
1786:37
1784:.
1778:.
1584:.
1574:31
1572:.
1568:.
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556:e
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