Veto - Knowledge (XXG)

2257:, and contrary to the advice of the prime minister. However, in matters of assent to legislation, the governor-general is advised by parliament, not by the government. Consequently, when a minority parliament passes a bill against the wishes of the government, the government could resign, but cannot advise a veto. Since 1986, the individual states of Australia are fully independent entities. Thus, the Crown may not veto (nor the UK Parliament overturn) any act of a state governor or state legislature. State constitutions determine what role the state's governor plays. In general, the governor exercises the powers the sovereign would have; in all states and territories, the governor's (or, for territories, administrator's) assent is required for a bill to become law, except the 420: 447:, allows the executive to object only to some specific part of the law while allowing the rest to stand. An executive with a partial veto has a stronger negotiating position than an executive with only a package veto power. An amendatory veto or amendatory observation returns legislation to the legislature with proposed amendments, which the legislature may either adopt or override. The effect of legislative inaction may vary: in some systems, if the legislature does nothing, the vetoed bill fails, while in others, the vetoed bill becomes law. Because the amendatory veto gives the executive a stronger role in the legislative process, it is often seen as a marker of a particularly strong veto power. 605: 40: 298: 2151: 2273: 1233: 1315:

14 days. The president can also take no action indefinitely on a bill, sometimes referred to as a pocket veto. The president can refuse to assent, which constitutes an absolute veto. But the absolute veto can be exercised by the President only once in respect of a bill. If the President refuses to provide his assent to a bill and sends it back to Parliament, suggesting his recommendations or amendments to the bill and the Parliament passes the bill again with or without such amendments, the president is obligated to assent to the bill.

2232: 2221: 285:, this not only vetoed that bill but also all previous legislation passed during the session, and dissolved the legislative session itself. The concept originated in the idea of "Polish democracy" as any Pole of noble extraction was considered as good as any other, no matter how low or high his material condition might be. The more and more frequent use of this veto power paralyzed the power of the legislature and, combined with a string of weak figurehead kings, led ultimately to the 1048: 1000: 652: 592:

found any consistent effect on the executive's ability to advance its agenda. Amendatory vetoes give greater power to the executive than deletional vetoes, because they give the executive the power to move policy closer to its own preferred state than would otherwise be possible. But even a suspensory package veto that can be overridden by a simple majority can be effective in stopping or modifying legislation. For example, in Estonia in 1993, president

2064: 1478: 1173: 742: 859: 2337: 1445: 1117: 1514: 2453:. A veto player is a political actor who has the ability to stop a change from the status quo. There are institutional veto players, whose consent is required by constitution or statute; for example, in US federal legislation, the veto players are the House, Senate and presidency. There are also partisan veto players, which are groups that can block policy change from inside an institutional veto player. In a 1327: 1547: 2127: 1929: 795: 2035: 1776: 1740: 1707: 1609: 1573: 1269: 1082: 827: 232:, who dominated the Senate. A tribune's veto did not prevent the senate from passing a bill but meant that it was denied the force of law. The tribunes could also use the veto to prevent a bill from being brought before the plebeian assembly. The consuls also had the power of veto, as decision-making generally required the assent of both consuls. If they disagreed, either could invoke the 1862: 1145: 919: 891: 681: 2369: 2139: 753: 1669: 2301: 1372: 1896: 1637: 959: 1985: 1821: 1404: 1302: 205: 1222: 948: 2357:, under which it can block bills, amendments and motions that would have more than a minor impact on the Government's fiscal aggregates. Bills can be subjected to a financial veto only on third reading, when they have been finalized, but before they have been passed. The financial veto system was introduced in 1996. 2389:. In November 2011, the assembly adopted a bill that reduced the possible criminal sentences for the illicit possession of firearms, an offence for which two members of the assembly had recently been charged. Members of the opposition denounced the bill and asked the King to veto it, and he did so in December 2011. 1837:

before it is promulgated. This is a very weak form of veto as the parliament can override the veto by an ordinary majority. While such a limited veto cannot thwart the will of a determined parliamentary majority, it may have a delaying effect and may cause the parliamentary majority to reconsider the

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by the Supreme Court. At the state level, all 50 state governors have a full veto, similar to the presidential veto. Many state governors also have additional kinds of vetoes, such as amendatory, line-item, and reduction vetoes. Gubernatorial veto powers vary in strength. The president and some state

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for reconsideration. These two options are exclusive: the president must choose one or the other. If president has referred a law to the Constitutional Tribunal and the tribunal says that the bill is constitutional, the president must sign it. If the president instead returns the bill to the Sejm in

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has three veto powers: absolute, suspension and pocket. The president can send the bill back to parliament for changes, which constitutes a limited veto that can be overridden by a simple majority. But the bill reconsidered by the parliament becomes a law with or without the president's assent after

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political actors decide to use a veto point. In addition, because veto player analysis can apply to any political system, it provides a way of comparing very different political systems, such as presidential and parliamentary systems. Veto player analyses can also incorporate people and groups that

1589:(legislature) by sending it back for reconsideration. The president must exercise this power within 14 days of receiving the law. The Riigikogu, in turn, may override this veto by passing the unamended law again by a simple majority. After such an override (but only then), the president may ask the 591:

Partial vetoes are less vulnerable to override than package vetoes, and political scientists who have studied the matter have generally considered partial vetoes to give the executive greater power than package vetoes. However, empirical studies of the line-item veto in US state government have not

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Executive veto powers are often ranked as comparatively "strong" or "weak". A veto power may be considered stronger or weaker depending on its scope, the time limits for exercising it and requirements for the vetoed body to override it. In general, the greater the majority required for an override,

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Some veto powers are limited to budgetary matters (as with line-item vetoes in some US states, or the financial veto in New Zealand). Other veto powers (such as in Finland) apply only to non-budgetary matters; some (such as in South Africa) apply only to constitutional matters. A veto power that is

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All five permanent members have exercised the right of veto at one time or another. If a permanent member does not fully agree with a proposed resolution but does not wish to cast a veto, it may choose to abstain, thus allowing the resolution to be adopted if it obtains the required number of nine

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and congressional decrees. The partial veto can involve the entirety of paragraphs, articles or items, not being allowed to veto isolated words or sentences. National Congress has the right to override the presidential veto if the majority of members from each of both houses agree to, that is, 257

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to rule on its constitutionality. If the Court rules that the legislation is constitutional, it becomes law. If the president neither approves nor returns legislation within the prescribed 15- or 5-day period, this operates as a veto, and the National Assembly can petition the Court to declare the

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According to Tsebelis' veto player theorem, policy change becomes harder the more veto players there are, the greater the ideological distance between them, and the greater their internal coherence. For example, Italy and the United States have stable policies because they have many veto players,

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with proposed amendments. The Verkhovna Rada may override a veto by a two-thirds majority. If the veto is not overridden, the President's amendments are subjected to an up-or-down vote; if they attract at least 50% support from the legislators, the bill is adopted with the amendments; if not, the

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with proposed amendments within two weeks of receiving the bill. Parliament must first vote on the proposed amendments, which can be adopted by the same majority as for the original legislation (for ordinary legislation, a simple majority vote). If Parliament does not adopt the amendments, it can

907:, the Parliament can pass it again by a simple majority vote. If the president returns it a second time, the Parliament can override the veto with a two-thirds vote. This occurred for example in the passage of the Income Tax Amendment Act 2016, which exempted legislators' allowances from taxation. 340:

lost his absolute veto and acquired the power to issue a suspensive veto that could be overridden by a majority vote in two successive sessions of the Legislative Assembly, which would take four to six years. With the abolition of the monarchy in 1792, the question of the French royal veto became

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can override either type of veto by a 2/3 vote. In the case of a package veto, if the veto is not overridden, the bill fails. In the case of an amendatory veto, if the veto is not overridden, the bill becomes law as amended. The Senate of the Oliy Majlis has a veto over legislation passed by the

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can override an amendatory veto by a two-thirds majority of all members, but if it does not do so within 30 days of the veto, the legislation becomes law with the president's amendments. The National Assembly overrides approximately 20% of amendatory vetoes. The legislature must wait for a year

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One type of budgetary veto, the reduction veto, which is found in several US states, gives the executive the authority to reduce budgetary appropriations that the legislature has made. When an executive is given multiple different veto powers, the procedures for overriding them may differ. For

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by governors in the British colonies, which continued well after the practice had ended in Britain itself, served as a check by one level of government against another. Vetoes may also be used to safeguard the interests of particular groups within a country. The veto power of the ancient Roman

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or a new Dáil reassembling after a general election held within eighteen months. This latter power has never been used because the government of the day almost always commands a majority of the Seanad, preventing the third of the Dáil that usually makes up the opposition from combining with

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did not take action on a bill that would set an end date to the "exceptional measures" by which he had kept the National Assembly in session. After pocket-vetoing the bill in this way, the president petitioned the Court for constitutional review. The Court ruled that once the deadline for

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have an absolute veto over Security Council resolutions, except for procedural matters. Every permanent member has used this power at some point. A permanent member that wants to disagree with a resolution, but not to veto it, can abstain. The first country to use the latter power was the

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returned the Latvian State Language Law to the Saeima, even though the law had passed by an overwhelming majority the first time; the president used the suspensory veto to point out legal problems with the law, which resulted in amendments to bring it into line with European legal

1657:, a power shared with the prime minister and the presidents of both houses of the National Assembly. Upon receiving such a referral, the Constitutional Council can strike down a bill before it has been promulgated as law, which has been interpreted as a form of constitutional veto. 1161:. Congress may override either type of veto by a two-thirds majority of voting members in each chamber. However, in the case of an amendatory veto, Congress must first consider whether to accept the proposed amendments, which it may do by a simple majority of both chambers. 1355:

requires that legislation be jointly approved by the president and the DPR. The president thus can effectively block a bill by withholding approval. Whether these presidential powers constitute a "veto" has been disputed, including by former Constitutional Court justice

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vetoed the reform, the Assembly voted to remove him on the theory that a tribune must represent the interests of the plebeians. Later, senators outraged by the reform murdered Gracchus and several supporters, setting off a period of internal political violence in Rome.

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and ask for a second debate and vote on the bill. If the court rules that the bill is constitutional, the president must sign it. Likewise, if the president has returned the bill to the National Assembly and it is passed a second time by a simple majority, it becomes

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Administrative regulations shall not contravene laws adopted by the NPC, local regulations shall not contravene laws and administrative regulations, and the NPC has the power to annul administrative regulations and local regulations that contravene the laws it has

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had an absolute pocket veto: if he neither assented to legislation nor returned it to parliament for a potential override, it was permanently dead. This unusual power was eliminated in a general reorganization of the Constitution's legislative provisions in

1388:. This veto power can be based on the legislation being contrary to the constitution or contrary to Islamic law. A constitutional veto requires a majority of the Guardian Council's members, while a veto based on Islamic law requires a majority of its 2252:

within one year of the legislation being assented to. This power has never been used. The Australian governor-general himself or herself has, in theory, the power to veto, or more technically, withhold assent to, a bill passed by both houses of the

1133:. If the Legislative Assembly does not vote on an amendatory veto, the legislation fails. The Legislative Assembly can either accept or override an amendatory veto by a simple majority. Overriding a block veto requires a two-thirds supermajority. 1428:

of 1947, however, the executive of a prefectural or municipal government can veto local legislation. If the executive believes the legislation is unlawful, the executive is required to veto it. The local assembly can override this veto by a 2/3

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becomes law only when formally approved by the monarch (or their official representative), in a procedure known as royal assent. Legally, the monarch can withhold that consent, thereby vetoing the bill. This power was last exercised in 1708 by

1502:. The president does not have a pocket veto: once the bill has been received by the president, the chief executive has thirty days to veto the bill. Once the thirty-day period expires, the bill becomes law as if the president had signed it. 1461:

for "reconsideration" (재의). Partial and amendatory vetoes are expressly forbidden. The National Assembly can override the veto by a 2/3 majority of the members present. Such overrides are rare: when the National Assembly overrode president

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to block the action of the other. The veto was an essential component of the Roman conception of power being wielded not only to manage state affairs but to moderate and restrict the power of the state's high officials and institutions.

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is a veto that takes effect simply by the executive or head of state taking no action. In the United States, the pocket veto can only be exercised near the end of a legislative session; if the deadline for presidential action passes

1036:. This clause was last invoked in 1961 by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan. In addition, the Governor General in Council (federal cabinet) may disallow an enactment of a provincial legislature within one year of its passage. 316:, in which the monarch's consent was required for bills to become law. This in turn had evolved from earlier royal systems in which laws were simply issued by the monarch, as was the case for example in England until the reign of 2289:. The veto must be exercised within 10 days, or 30 days if the Congress is not in session. The Congress can override the veto by a three-fourths vote of the four state delegations, with each state delegation casting one vote. 320:

in the 14th century. In England itself, the power of the monarch to deny royal assent was not used after 1708, but it was used extensively in the British colonies. The heavy use of this power was mentioned in the

404:, which requires the "free, prior and informed consent" of Indigenous communities to development or resource extraction projects on their land. However, many governments have been reluctant to allow such a veto. 1874:

may suspend a bill for a period of two months, during which it may be referred to the people in a referendum if one-tenth of the electorate requests a referendum. The president may also return a document to the

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example, in the US state of Illinois, if the legislature takes no action on a reduction veto, the reduction simply becomes law, while if the legislature takes no action on an amendatory veto, the bill dies.

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In presidential and semi-presidential systems, the veto is a legislative power of the presidency, because it involves the president in the process of making law. In contrast to proactive powers such as the

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over regulations that the Commission issues under that delegated authority. This power was first introduced in 2006 as "regulatory procedure with scrutiny", and since 2009 as "delegated acts" under the

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have veto power in certain areas, such as foreign policy and the accession of a new member state, due to the requirement of unanimity in these areas. For example, Bulgaria has used this power to block

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in 1789, the royal veto was hotly debated, and hundreds of proposals were put forward for different versions of the royal veto, as either absolute, suspensive, or nonexistent. With the adoption of the

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to withhold the king's assent, allowing the sovereign two years to disallow the bill, thereby vetoing it. Last used in 1873, the power was effectively nullified diplomatically and politically by the

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may pass it a second time, in which case it becomes law. However, in Portugal presidential vetoes typically result in some change to the legislation. The president also has an absolute veto over

1804:(the lower house of parliament), after consulting the Council of State, decline to sign a bill "of such national importance that the will of the people thereon ought to be ascertained" in an 2106: 411:, such as two-thirds or three-fifths. A suspensory veto, also called a suspensive veto, can be overridden by a simple majority, and thus serves only to delay the law from coming into force. 356:, were qualified vetoes that the legislature could override. But this was not always the case: the Chilean constitution of 1833, for example, gave that country's president an absolute veto. 2101:

before they may even be debated by Parliament, as well as royal assent if they are passed. King's consent is not obsolete and is occasionally withheld, though now only on the advice of the

2502: 474:; in contrast, a "policy veto" can be used wherever the executive disagrees with the bill on policy grounds. Presidents with constitutional vetoes include those of Benin and South Africa. 1597:, the president must promulgate the law. From 1992 to 2010, the president exercised the veto on 1.6% of bills (59 in all), and applied for constitutional review of 11 bills (0.4% in all). 1973:

has the power to veto legislation, which the regional assembly can override by an absolute majority, and also holds the same constitutional veto power that the president has nationally.

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was able to successfully obtain amendments to the proposed Law on Aliens after issuing a suspensory veto of the bill and proposing amendments based on expert opinions on European law.

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There is no veto power against the legislature-unless at some future time the Emperor's "non-governmental" ceremonial functions enumerated in Article 7 were construed as discretionary.

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if the president has reservations about the bill's constitutionality. If the National Assembly passes the bill a second time, the president must either sign it or refer it to the

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A legislative veto is a veto power exercised by a legislative body. It may be a veto exercised by the legislature against an action of the executive branch, as in the case of the

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Some literature distinguishes cooperative veto points (within institutions) and competitive veto points (between institutions), theorizing competitive veto points contribute to

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In certain political systems, a particular body is able to exercise a veto over candidates for an elected office. This type of veto may also be referred to by the broader term "

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In many cases, the veto power can only be used to prevent changes to the status quo. But some veto powers also include the ability to make or propose changes. For example, the

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may, by a message stating the reasons for it, adopt a veto or approve amendments thereto. The veto must be adopted by overall majority". A Senate veto can be overridden by an

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for reconsideration within 15 days (or 5 days if the legislation is declared urgent). The National Assembly can override the veto by passing the legislation once again by an

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Vetoes may be classified by whether the vetoed body can override them, and if so, how. An absolute veto cannot be overridden at all. A qualified veto can be overridden by a

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Croissant, Aurel (2003). "Legislative powers, veto players, and the emergence of delegative democracy: A comparison of presidentialism in the Philippines and South Korea".

352:, however, argued for eliminating the veto power entirely as a relic of monarchy. To avoid giving the president too much power, most early presidential vetoes, such as the 6188: 6175: 6135: 5183:

Rose-Ackerman, Susan; Desierto, Diane A.; Volosin, Natalia (2011). "Hyper-Presidentialism: Separation of Powers without Checks and Balances in Argentina and Philippines".

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Basabe-Serrano, Santiago; Huertas-Hernández, Sergio (2020). "Legislative override and particularistic bills in unstable democracies: Ecuador in comparative perspective".

152:, the head of state often has either a weak veto power or none at all. But while some political systems do not contain a formal veto power, all political systems contain 6108: 1909: 1242: 1796:, which finally determines the matter. From 1990 to 2012, this power was used an average of once every three years. The president may also, on request of a majority of 179:. There were two consuls every year; either consul could block military or civil action by the other. The tribunes had the power to unilaterally block any action by a 5922:

Santos Botelho, Catarina (2020). "COVID-19 and stress on fundamental rights in Portugal: An intermezzo between the state of exception and constitutional normality".

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While the veto player and veto point approaches complement one another, the veto players framework has become dominant in the study of policy change. Scholarship on

5500: 2282: 1290:. Before the constitutional reforms of the 2010s, the president had both a package veto and an amendatory veto, which could be overridden only with a 3/5 majority. 903:

has package veto and item veto powers. This power must be exercised within 30 days of receiving the legislation. The first time the president returns a bill to the

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must re-pass it with a two-thirds majority of both houses. If the President does not sign a bill within twenty days and the Legislature adjourns, the bill fails.

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in 1990, in a comparative case study of healthcare reform in different political systems. Breaking with earlier scholarship, Immergut argued that "we have veto

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to reopen debate on a bill that it has passed, within 15 days of being presented with the bill. Aside from that, the president can only refer bills to the

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for a final decision on whether the bill is constitutional. If there are no constitutional concerns, the president's assent to legislation is mandatory.

2192: 4050: 2945: 2097:, such as the war prerogative, or the monarch's personal affairs (such as royal incomes or hereditary property). By convention, those bills require 604: 3074: 5440:

Brouard, Sylvain (2009). "The Politics of Constitutional Veto in France: Constitutional Council, Legislative Majority and Electoral Competition".

2184: 2094: 39: 4528: 4550: 2424:. Veto points are the institutional opportunities that give these actors the ability to veto. The theory of veto points was first developed by 1039: 554: 87: 1621:

has a suspensive veto, but can only delay the enactment of legislation by three months. The president has had a veto power of some kind since

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in the 18th and 19th centuries as a counter-majoritarian tool, limiting the power of a legislative majority. Some republican thinkers such as

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can override the veto via a 2/3 vote with both houses voting separately, after which the bill becomes law. The president may also exercise a

1209: 489: 111: 6023:"Parliament and the War Prerogative in the United Kingdom and Canada: Explaining Variations in Institutional Change and Legislative Control" 4835: 4706: 2346: 1073: 876: 729: 115: 75:. Veto powers are also found at other levels of government, such as in state, provincial or local government, and in international bodies. 2595: 4675: 3775: 6055: 5726: 3214: 1950: 1946: 1205: 1130: 1057: 428: 4712: 2183:, respectively, from proceeding to royal assent, if they believe that the bill modifies and has adverse effects on legislation that is 268: 5390: 1348: 1067: 1066:), which must be exercised within 10 days after the legislation is passed. The veto must include a rationale. If both chambers of the 6244: 5164: 4906: 4857:

Butt, Simon; Lindsey, Tim (2008). "Economic Reform when the Constitution Matters: Indonesia's Constitutional Court and Article 33".

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Palanza, Valeria; Sin, Gisela (2020). "Chapter 21: Legislatures and executive vetoes". In Benoît, Cyril; Rozenberg, Olivier (eds.).

872: 722:. This legislative veto power has been used sparingly: from 2006 to 2016, the Parliament issued 14 vetoes and the Council issued 15. 3398: 1129:

has both package veto and amendatory veto powers, which must be exercised within eight days of the legislation being passed by the

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Tsebelis, George; Rizova, Tatiana P. (October 2007). "Presidential Conditional Agenda Setting in the Former Communist Countries".

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can override this veto by a two-thirds majority. If the president vetoes a bill that has not been declared unconstitutional, the

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has both package veto and amendatory veto powers, which must be exercised within ten days of the legislation being passed by the

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The Guardian Council has three constitutional mandates: a) it has veto power over legislation passed by the parliament (Majles);

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Fernandes, Jorge M.; Jalali, Carlos (2016). "A Resurgent Presidency? Portuguese Semi-Presidentialism and the 2016 Elections".

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Constitutions in OECD Countries: A Comparative Study : Background Report in the Context of Chile's Constitutional Process

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in 1946, after its amendments to a resolution regarding the withdrawal of British troops from Lebanon and Syria were rejected.

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tribunes protected the interests of one social class (the plebeians) against another (the patricians). In the transition from

5514: 2278: 2206: 1962: 1913: 1182: 843:. The President has twenty days to sign a bill into law, but may veto either the entire bill or parts of it, after which the 542: 470:

Some veto powers are limited in their subject matter. A constitutional veto only allows the executive to veto bills that are

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can block a bill before passage if it entails government spending or loss of revenue. This prerogative is commonly called

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of the monarch. In practice, the Crown follows the convention of exercising its prerogative on the advice of parliament.

5783: 4358: 2409: 2258: 2164: 2086: 1487: 1029: 558: 157: 99: 56: 5058: 3859:"Hong Kong electoral changes: powerful vetting committee that will review hopefuls in coming polls holds first meeting" 1757: 5140: 5127: 5114: 3055: 1724: 1505: 1491: 1101: 1025: 1021: 972: 698: 432: 333: 6273: 5661: 2796: 1970: 6311:

Immergut, Ellen M. (1990). "Institutions, Veto Points, and Policy Results: A Comparative Analysis of Health Care".

5244: 4494: 4195:"A dearth of legislative vetoes: Why the Council and Parliament have been reluctant to veto Commission legislation" 3356: 2090: 1789: 1650: 1017: 811:

for a second reading. This power must be exercised within 15 days. On second reading the bill must be passed by an

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presidential action had passed, only the National Assembly could petition for review, which it did (and prevailed).

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Shimizutani, Satoshi (2010). "Local Government in Japan: New Directions in Governance toward Citizens' Autonomy".

4922: 4118: 2905: 2889: 2382: 2180: 2168: 1469: 1352: 1136: 868: 629: 528: 119: 4194: 3547:"What was "Absolute" about the "Absolute veto"? Ideas of National Sovereignty and Royal Power in September 1789" 6060: 5945: 5874: 4305: 4292: 1793: 1590: 1454: 1335:: Express presidential veto powers were removed from the Constitution in the 2002 democratization reforms. The 1126: 985: 882: 617: 337: 229: 145: 4415:

Titriku, Agnes. "Interaction Between MPs and Civil Society Is Needed". In R. Stapenhurst; et al. (eds.).

3259: 3185: 2484:. Some literature disagrees with the claim of veto player theory that multiparty governments are likely to be 1185:

may veto bills passed by Congress, and Congress may override the veto by a two-thirds vote of each chamber. A

584:, the veto is a reactive power, because the president cannot veto a bill until the legislature has passed it. 2999: 1490:

may refuse to sign a bill, sending the bill back to the house where it originated along with his objections.

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can override a presidential veto. Some vetoes, however, are absolute and cannot be overridden. For example,

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the legislative session, the bill will simply become law. The legislature cannot override a pocket veto.

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that allow the responsible cabinet minister in Westminster to refuse a bill that has been passed by the

2077: 1994: 1938: 1417: 1363: 1282: 1158: 1108: 804: 493: 317: 31: 6136:"Why a government would be mad to advise the refusal of royal assent to a bill passed against its will" 3205: 3019: 2853: 3147: 2982: 4993: 4520: 3322: 3271: 3090: 2454: 2420:. Veto players are actors who can potentially exercise some sort of veto over a change in government 2310: 2044: 2006: 1976: 1880: 1788:

may refuse to grant assent to a bill that they consider to be unconstitutional, after consulting the

1785: 1749: 1716: 1678: 1622: 1618: 1582: 1413: 1278: 1190: 1164: 1091: 991: 904: 836: 621: 620:, with stronger veto powers generally being associated with stronger presidential powers overall. In 393: 369: 365: 286: 176: 149: 91: 2354: 5648:

He was the first president to use the presidential veto power he has according to the constitution.

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has the power to approve or disapprove candidates, in addition to its veto power over legislation.

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Politics in Contemporary Indonesia: Institutional Change, Policy Challenges and Democratic Decline

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to declare the law unconstitutional. If the Supreme Court rules that the law does not violate the

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Every state constitution empowers the governor to veto an entire bill passed by the legislature.

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while Greece and the United Kingdom have unstable policies because they have few veto players.

132:

The executive power to veto legislation is one of the main tools that the executive has in the

6240: 5996: 5582: 5522: 5386: 5160: 5154: 4902: 4804: 4798: 4730: 4090: 3837: 3586: 3498: 3467: 2672: 2645: 2611: 2425: 2392: 2314: 2202: 2160: 2098: 2022: 2002: 1853: 1843: 1797: 1554:

European countries in which the executive or head of state does not have a veto power include

1432: 1392:

members. The Guardian Council also has veto power over candidates for various elected offices.

1287: 1274: 1033: 812: 786: 770: 574: 329: 245: 184: 4896: 3831: 3580: 2872: 2607: 6483: 6413: 6320: 6034: 5927: 5896: 5676: 5449: 5378: 5355: 5270: 5088: 5028: 4866: 4699: 4589: 4420: 4156: 4082: 3907: 3810: 3682: 3558: 2924: 2738: 2701: 2637: 2603: 2552: 2328: 2156: 1421: 1381: 714: 535: 492:, which is found in 28 US states. It may also be a veto power exercised by one chamber of a 483: 471: 373: 372:, vetoes may be classified by the branch of government that enacts them: an executive veto, 349: 241: 180: 126: 3998: 5493: 4532: 2444: 2114: 2073: 1998: 1945:. If the bill is declared unconstitutional, the president is required to veto it, but the 1761: 1357: 1009: 624:, the veto power of the head of state is typically weak or nonexistent. In particular, in 440: 397: 249: 3168: 1189:

was briefly enacted in the 1990s, but was declared an unconstitutional violation of the

2481: 2468:

has favored the veto player approach because the veto point framework does not address

2412:

of people and groups to prevent change is sometimes analyzed through the frameworks of

2322: 2118: 2081: 2069: 2048: 1531:

Legislative Chamber, which the Legislative Chamber can likewise override by a 2/3 vote.

1495: 1186: 686: 657: 581: 497: 444: 217: 137: 4965: 741: 519:

Historically, certain European Catholic monarchs were able to veto candidates for the

55:

is a legal power to unilaterally stop an official action. In the most typical case, a

6507: 6501: 5908: 5461: 5400: 5100: 4878: 4601: 4432: 4330: 4176: 4160: 3919: 3694: 3648: 3562: 2750: 2721: 2659: 2564: 2110: 1466:'s veto of a corruption investigation in 2003, it was the first override in 49 years. 1178: 971:

is entitled to veto, entirely or partially, any bill which passes both houses of the

719: 637: 408: 79: 68: 44: 6332: 5688: 1625:

in 1919, but this power was greatly curtailed by the constitutional reforms of 2000.

383:

Other types of veto power, however, have safeguarded other interests. The denial of

5722: 3487:

Capogrossi Colognesi, Luigi (2014). "Tiberius Gracchus and the distribution of the

2834: 2497: 2477:

power to prevent policy change, even if they do not have the legal power to do so.

2396: 2198: 2026: 1917:

a standard package veto, the Sejm can override the bill by a three-fifths majority.

1847: 1838:

matter. The president also has the power to veto appointments of ministers in the

1563: 1463: 864: 633: 593: 424: 384: 313: 281: 262: 188: 172: 168: 72: 5900: 4593: 3738: 3686: 3546: 400:

over industrial projects on Indigenous land have been proposed following the 2007

6234: 6079: 5680: 5092: 3492: 2556: 705:

by threatening to use its veto power to stall legislation. In addition, when the

697:, and in the 1980s, the United Kingdom (then a member of the EU's precursor, the 6104: 4424: 4145:"'Delegated' Legislation in the (new) European Union: A Constitutional Analysis" 3911: 3020:"Iran (Islamic Republic of)'s Constitution of 1979 with Amendments through 1989" 2641: 2457:

the partisan veto players are typically the members of the governing coalition.

2440: 2417: 2342: 1688: 1546: 1527: 1483: 1450: 1195: 1122: 1100:). The president must issue a veto within 10 days after the bill is passed. The 459: 364:

Most modern vetoes are intended as a check on the power of the government, or a

204: 153: 5346:

Paloheimo, Heikki (2003). "The Rising Power of the Prime Minister in Finland".

1723:

if he or she suspects that it violates the constitution or send it back to the

6417: 6324: 5931: 5453: 5382: 4870: 2530:(2nd ed.). International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2413: 1954: 1753: 1559: 1519: 1499: 64: 6487: 5586: 5526: 3970:"Charter of the United Nations: Chapter V — The Security Council: Article 27" 3969: 2742: 2575:

Veto et Peto: Patterns of Presidential Activism in Central and Eastern Europe

2076:

has two methods of vetoing a bill. Any bill that has been passed by both the

1691:. However this power has been used only nine times since the founding of the 6401: 5359: 5019:

Herzog, Peter J. (1951). "Political Theories in the Japanese Constitution".

4104: 4076: 2508: 2237: 1586: 1566:

in 2008. Countries that have some form of veto power include the following:

1332: 779: 702: 389: 276: 225: 6471: 839:

has package, line item and pocket veto powers under Article 35 of the 1986

5275: 5258: 4335:"No Sir, the president does not have the power to veto the Copyright Bill" 4075:

Slapin, Jonathan B. (2011). "Exit Threats, Veto Rights, and Integration".

3815: 3798: 3186:"CONSTITUTION OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC: SEVENTH REVISION [2005]" 1526:

has a package veto and an amendatory veto. The Legislative Chamber of the

1319:

President of India § Important presidential interventions in the past

778:

law constitutional and effective. This occurred for example in 2008, when

4086: 2705: 2132: 1934: 1912:

if they suspect that the bill is unconstitutional or send it back to the

1683: 1555: 1351:(DPR) can revoke such a regulation in its next session. In addition, the 800: 221: 6039: 6022: 5768: 5752: 4168: 4144: 2775: 2759: 2713: 2688: 2191:

to solely legislate on. This power has only been used once, to veto the

1221: 27:

Legal power to stop an official action, usually enactment of legislation

5475:

Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (in German). Article 82.

5040: 2040: 1745: 1712: 1692: 1674: 1614: 1578: 1087: 871:

has a weak constitutional veto. The president can return a bill to the

832: 513: 60: 3113: 1032:

can reserve royal assent to provincial bills for consideration by the

2421: 2176: 2093:. The monarch has additional veto powers over bills which affect the 1966: 1901: 1876: 1867: 1642: 1150: 1005: 964: 924: 896: 520: 17: 5753:"The Italian Presidency: Constitutional Role and Political Practice" 5636:"Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson Will not Run Again for President of Iceland" 5032: 4803:. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 145. 2325:

had veto powers over legislation passed by the elected lower house.

439:

A package veto, also called a "block veto" or "full veto", vetoes a

368:, most commonly the legislative branch. Thus, in governments with a 1681:

has to sign a bill in order for it to become law. This gives him a

947: 612:

Globally, the executive veto over legislation is characteristic of

312:

The modern executive veto derives from the European institution of

5575:"Hasskriminalität: Gesetz gegen Onlinehetze tritt Ostern in Kraft" 4711:. National Conference of State Legislatures. 1998. pp. 6–31. 2374: 2219: 2144: 1990: 1826: 1545: 1409: 1389: 1307: 1238: 1220: 946: 758: 740: 603: 418: 296: 203: 164: 129:

can use an amendatory veto to propose amendments to vetoed bills.

71:. In many countries, veto powers are established in the country's 6056:"Section 35 of the Scotland Act and vetoing devolved legislation" 5215: 5213: 5211: 2818:. Translated by Jessie L. Matthews. Oxford University Press. 1990 2317:

has no authority to veto legislation that has been passed by the

4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4024: 3131:"Micronesia (Federated States of) 1978 (rev. 1990) Constitution" 2306: 1879:

for reconsideration, but only once. Notably, in 1999, president

1377: 666: 3833:

Selecting the Pope: Uncovering the Mysteries of Papal Elections

3799:"A tale of three constitutions: Ethnicity and politics in Fiji" 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3169:"THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND OF 2nd APRIL, 1997" 5784:"Here's how Italy's president explains his controversial veto" 2505:, allowing a temporary legislative override of court decisions 2447:

first developed it in 1995 and set it forth in detail in 2002

1941:

may refuse to sign a bill or refer it, or parts of it, to the

5259:"Luxembourg: Parliament abolishes royal confirmation of laws" 5059:"Japan: Local Autonomy Is a Central Tenet to Good Governance" 4051:"Bulgaria sets 3 conditions for lifting North Macedonia veto" 3898:

Metcalf, Lee Kendall (2000). "Measuring Presidential Power".

3305: 2963:"Georgia's Constitution of 1995 with Amendments through 2018" 1997:

states that "Within two months after receiving the text, the

988:. If these numbers are not met, the presidential veto stands. 496:

against another, such as was formerly held by members of the

6115:. Canberra: Australian Government – Department of the Senate 5156:

Transforming Korean Politics: Democracy, Reform, and Culture

3464:

The presidential veto: touchstone of the American presidency

2321:. Under the previous bicameral constitutions, the appointed 220:

in the 6th century BC to enable the tribunes to protect the

6356: 6354: 5727:"Article 27 comes with a Catch-22 that makes it unworkable" 3366: 3364: 3231:"Spain's Constitution of 1978 with Amendments through 2011" 6383: 6381: 4459:"The Constitution of Zambia (Amendment) (N.A.B. 17, 2015)" 2689:"Presidential Conditional Agenda Setting in Latin America" 2107:

Military Action Against Iraq (Parliamentary Approval) Bill

1833:

may request a second deliberation of a bill passed by the

1760:, who also refused to sign two other bills related to the 1347:), which temporarily blocks a law from taking effect. The 271:

in the 17th and 18th centuries, all bills had to pass the

167:

for "I forbid". The concept of a veto originated with the

3673:

Shaw, Jessie (2017). "Indigenous Veto Power in Bolivia".

3005:. Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. 2015 2503:

Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

1412:: There is no veto at the national level, as Japan has a 6153:. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House 4535:. Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina. 4497:. National Congress of Brazil. Accessed 15 October 2022. 4193:

Kaeding, Michael K.; Stack, Kevin M. (25 October 2016).

3758: 3756: 2248:

may veto a bill that has been given royal assent by the

1756:. This right was not exercised until 2004, by President 212:

The institution of the veto, known to the Romans as the

6109:"Curiously ill-defined – the role of the head of state" 4937:"Adakah hak veto presiden dalam sistem ketatanegaraan?" 4213: 4211: 3721: 3719: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3516: 3514: 4078:

Veto Power: Institutional Design in the European Union

6078:. Foundingdocs.gov.au. 9 October 1942. Archived from 5662:"The President of Ireland in Comparative Perspective" 5178: 5176: 4417:

Anti-Corruption Evidence, Studies in Public Choice 34

3494:

Law and Power in the Making of the Roman Commonwealth

3421: 3419: 3148:"The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines" 2892:(in Spanish). Comparative Constitutions Project. 2015 1649:

has a suspensive veto: the president can require the

1286:

override the veto by passing the original bill by an

541:

In China, following a pro-democracy landslide in the

451:

not limited in this way is known as a "policy veto".

3206:"Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996" 3000:"The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia" 287:

partitioning and the dissolution of the Polish state

6274:"King withholds assent on lower firearms penalties" 3152:

Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines

2596:"Veto Player Approaches in Foreign Policy Analysis" 2385:to withhold royal assent from bills adopted by the 1695:

and is largely considered to be a ceremonial power.

1424:authority to refuse to promulgate a law. Under the 527:. This power was used for the last time in 1903 by 6189:Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia 6176:Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia 4353: 4351: 2687: 709:and Council delegate legislative authority to the 118:) have an absolute veto over any Security Council 5057:Benjamin, Seth B.; Grant, Jason (29 March 2022). 4669: 4667: 4263:Constitutional Court of Benin (4 December 2008). 3551:Journal of the Western Society for French History 3042:(in Japanese). The House of Representatives. 1946 2760:"Origins and Early Development of the Veto Power" 1719:has two options to veto a bill: submit it to the 1339:can however enact a "regulation in lieu of law" ( 244:, which was initially spearheaded by the tribune 228:(common citizenry) from the encroachments of the 6454: 6442: 6298: 6113:Can Responsible Government Survive in Australia? 4890: 4888: 3446: 2686:Tsebelis, George; Alemán, Eduardo (April 2005). 1752:may refuse to sign a bill, which is then put to 1094:has powers of package veto and amendatory veto ( 1070:vote to override the veto, the bill becomes law. 240:A notable use of the Roman veto occurred in the 3893: 3891: 3574: 3572: 3058:. Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet. 1946 2047:may refuse to sign a bill and return it to the 1800:(the upper house of parliament) and a third of 1562:, where the power to withhold royal assent was 632:, the power to veto legislation by withholding 402:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 6208:. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 6170: 6168: 6008: 5861: 5844: 5842: 5833: 5619: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5231: 5219: 4960: 4958: 4772: 4676:"Separation of Powers – Executive Veto Powers" 4645: 4633: 4614: 4567: 4390:"KADAGA: Income Tax Amendment Bill is now law" 4287: 4285: 3974:Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs 3582:The Longman Companion to the French Revolution 2835:"LA CONSTITUTION de la République du Cameroun" 2795:(in French). 28 September 2020. Archived from 2293:Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia 1764:. Two of these vetoes resulted in referendums. 1384:has the authority to veto bills passed by the 4755: 4753: 4751: 4731:"China Questions and Answers -- china.org.cn" 4081:. University of Michigan Press. p. 123. 3776:"Separation of Powers: Legislative Oversight" 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3217:(in Spanish). Congreso de los deputados. 2003 2925:"The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia" 2669:Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work 2636:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 367–387. 2450:Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work 2014: 1095: 1061: 608:United Nations Security Council meeting room. 396:was proposed but not adopted. More recently, 392:, a "white veto" to protect the interests of 8: 6470:McGann, Anthony J.; Latner, Michael (2013). 6402:"Coalition theory: A veto players' approach" 5997:Delgado Ramos, David. University of La Rioja 5630: 5628: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4258: 4256: 3993: 3991: 3306:"Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan" 3114:"THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA" 1792:; in this case, the bill is referred to the 1341:Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang 427:signing cancellation letters related to his 5263:International Journal of Constitutional Law 4674:National Conference of State Legislatures. 4230: 4228: 4226: 3836:. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 35. 3803:International Journal of Constitutional Law 3778:. National Conference of State Legislatures 2159:: Powers exist under the section 35 of the 726:Voting in the Council of the European Union 279:consent, and if any legislator invoked the 6465: 6463: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3370: 2700:(3). Cambridge University Press: 396–420. 1585:may effectively veto a law adopted by the 673:United Nations Security Council veto power 443:as a whole. A partial veto, also called a 344:The presidential veto was conceived in by 6360: 6228: 6226: 6099: 6097: 6038: 5375:Semi-Presidential Policy-Making in Europe 5373:Raunio, Taupio; Sedelius, Thomas (2020). 5274: 4800:Introduction to the Constitution of India 4545: 4543: 4541: 4188: 4186: 3882: 3814: 3457: 3455: 3325:. Comparative Constitutions Project. 2016 3274:. Comparative Constitutions Project. 2017 3236:. Comparative Constitutions Project. 2011 3133:. Comparative Constitutions Project. 1990 2985:. Comparative Constitutions Project. 2016 2968:. Comparative Constitutions Project. 2018 2908:. Comparative Constitutions Project. 2015 2856:. Comparative Constitutions Project. 2008 2285:can disapprove legislation passed by the 2193:Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill 248:in 133 BC. When Gracchus' fellow tribune 6430: 6387: 6372: 6345: 5499:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2890:"República Dominicana 2015 Constitución" 2854:"Cameroon 1972 (rev. 2008) Constitution" 2793:"Constitution de la République du Bénin" 2600:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics 807:has the power to send bills back to the 78:Some vetoes can be overcome, often by a 38: 6400:Tsebelis, George; Ha, Eunyoung (2014). 4895:Setiawan, Ken M.P; Tomsa, Dirk (2022). 4859:Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 3345: 3091:"Constitution of the Republic of Korea" 2983:"Hungary 2011 (rev. 2016) Constitution" 2813:"Constitution of the Republic of Benin" 2594:Oppermann, Kai; Brummer, Klaus (2017). 2581:(PhD thesis). University College London 2117:, but was denied queen's consent for a 1249:can nullify regulations enacted by the 561:, the power to veto candidates for the 5489: 5478: 4551:Constitution of the Dominican Republic 4445: 4317: 4247: 4217: 3762: 3634: 3622: 3605: 3532: 3520: 3425: 3323:"Zambia 1991 (rev. 2016) Constitution" 3272:"Uganda 1995 (rev. 2017) Constitution" 3253:"Constitution of the Kingdom of Tonga" 2906:"Dominican Republic 2015 Constitution" 2608:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.386 2432:within political systems and not veto 1040:Disallowance and reservation in Canada 555:Candidate Eligibility Review Committee 96:in the United Nations Security Council 6472:"The Calculus of Consensus Democracy" 6236:Parliamentary Practice in New Zealand 5333: 5321: 5309: 5185:Berkeley Journal of International Law 4718:from the original on 15 January 2010. 2873:"THE CONSTITUTION ACTS, 1867 to 1982" 1210:Legislative veto in the United States 490:legislative veto in the United States 7: 5999:The Government budget veto (Spanish) 5547:Janisch, Wolfgang (8 October 2020). 4521:"Bastedo, Frank Lindsay (1886–1973)" 4471:from the original on 9 January 2016. 3725: 2875:. Government of Canada. 10 June 2022 1074:Government of the Dominican Republic 877:Constitutional Court of South Africa 730:European Union legislative procedure 660:: The five permanent members of the 6054:Torrance, David (16 January 2023). 5889:South European Society and Politics 5515:"Bundespräsidenten: Das achte Nein" 4729:China Internet Information Center. 3797:Ghai, Yash; Cottrell, Jill (2007). 3289:"Constitution of the United States" 3208:. Government of South Africa. 2022. 2948:. Assemblée Nationale. 23 July 2008 2345:: Under the Standing Orders of the 1206:Line-item veto in the United States 927:: Under the 1996 constitution, the 695:accession talks for North Macedonia 4582:The Journal of Legislative Studies 4143:Schütze, Robert (September 2011). 4030:. United Nations. 16 February 1946 3647:Joe Contreras (28 November 1993). 3215:"La Constitución española de 1978" 2408:In political science, the broader 2199:Royal assent § United Kingdom 1846:did in vetoing the appointment of 1068:Congress of the Dominican Republic 25: 6406:European Political Science Review 6259:Article 41, 68, Section 2 of the 6149:Campbell Rhodes (30 April 2018). 4761:Constitution of Georgia (country) 4659:Constitution of the United States 4001:. United Nations Security Council 3128:Micronesia, Federated States of: 3095:Statutes of the Republic of Korea 2946:"Constitution of October 4, 1958" 2634:Handbook of Parliamentary Studies 1105:before overriding a package veto. 6187:Article IX, Section 2(q) of the 6151:"What does a state governor do?" 6134:Twomey, Anne (28 January 2019). 6021:Lagassé, Philippe (April 2017). 4161:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2011.00866.x 2367: 2335: 2299: 2271: 2230: 2189:Parliament of the United Kingdom 2149: 2137: 2125: 2062: 2033: 1983: 1927: 1908:may either submit a bill to the 1894: 1860: 1819: 1774: 1738: 1705: 1667: 1635: 1607: 1571: 1512: 1476: 1443: 1402: 1370: 1325: 1300: 1267: 1231: 1171: 1143: 1115: 1080: 1046: 998: 957: 917: 889: 857: 825: 793: 751: 679: 650: 582:ability to introduce legislation 323:U.S. Declaration of Independence 208:Tiberius Gracchus, Roman tribune 5924:Revista Catalana de Dret Públic 5782:The Local Italy (29 May 2018). 5203:Constitution of the Philippines 4970:Iran Social Science Data Portal 4935:Sri Wiyanti (10 October 2014). 4824:Gupta, V. P. (26 August 2002). 4049:Krassen Nikolov (9 June 2022). 3857:Leung, Christy (14 July 2021). 1349:People's Representative Council 1202:Veto power in the United States 662:United Nations Security Council 354:veto power in the United States 163:The word "veto" comes from the 156:, people or groups who can use 140:. It is most commonly found in 6174:Article IX, Section 22 of the 5983:Article 134, Section 6 of the 5757:Presidential Studies Quarterly 5521:(in German). 8 December 2006. 5348:Scandinavian Political Studies 5201:Article VI, Section 27 of the 4708:Inside the Legislative Process 4495:"Entenda a tramitação do veto" 4464:. Parliament of Zambia. 2015. 3497:. Cambridge University Press. 3353:Article I, Section 7, Clause 2 3097:. Korea Law Translation Center 2764:Presidential Studies Quarterly 2671:. Princeton University Press. 2439:Veto player analysis draws on 2279:Federated States of Micronesia 2207:Politics of the United Kingdom 1971:Representative of the Republic 765:can return legislation to the 543:2019 Hong Kong local elections 269:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 98:, the five permanent members ( 1: 6476:Comparative Political Studies 5970:Article 90, Section 2 of the 5957:Article 90, Section 1 of the 5901:10.1080/13608746.2016.1198094 5708:Article 27, Section 1 of the 5139:Article 53, Section 4 of the 5126:Article 53, Section 3 of the 5113:Article 53, Section 2 of the 4594:10.1080/13572334.2020.1810902 4525:Encyclopedia of Saskatachewan 3900:Comparative Political Studies 3712:(8th ed.). p. 4841. 3687:10.1080/10402659.2017.1308737 3077:(in Korean). 25 February 1988 2731:Comparative Political Studies 2261:, which has no administrator. 1386:Islamic Consultative Assembly 1294:Politics of Georgia (country) 1014:Cabinet of the United Kingdom 563:Hong Kong Legislative Council 304:granting royal assent to the 6455:Oppermann & Brummer 2017 6443:Oppermann & Brummer 2017 6299:Oppermann & Brummer 2017 5681:10.1080/07907184.2012.734445 5093:10.1080/13439006.2010.531115 4657:Article I, Section 7 of the 4359:Constitution of South Africa 3466:. SUNY Press. pp. 1–2. 3447:Oppermann & Brummer 2017 2557:10.1080/13510340312331293937 2259:Australian Capital Territory 2165:Government of Wales Act 2006 1850:as finance minister in 2018. 1679:federal president of Germany 1181:: At the federal level, the 559:Chief Executive of Hong Kong 275:or "Seimas" (parliament) by 5581:(in German). 1 April 2021. 5141:Constitution of South Korea 5128:Constitution of South Korea 5115:Constitution of South Korea 4425:10.1007/978-3-030-14140-0_5 3912:10.1177/0010414000033005004 3741:. Illinois General Assembly 3708:Garner, Bryan, ed. (2004). 3649:"Apartheid On The Ash Heap" 3462:Spitzer, Robert J. (2000). 3056:"The Constitution of Japan" 2758:Watson, Richard A. (1987). 2642:10.4337/9781789906516.00030 1842:, as for example president 1506:Politics of the Philippines 1026:Statute of Westminster 1931 1022:Balfour Declaration of 1926 433:Balanced Budget Act of 1997 334:French Constitution of 1791 267:In the constitution of the 86:, a two-thirds vote of the 6534: 6009:Tsebelis & Rizova 2007 5862:Tsebelis & Rizova 2007 5834:Tsebelis & Rizova 2007 5620:Tsebelis & Rizova 2007 5257:Frieden, Luc (July 2009). 5245:Constitution of Uzbekistan 5232:Tsebelis & Rizova 2007 5220:Tsebelis & Rizova 2007 5159:. Routledge. p. 305. 4773:Tsebelis & Rizova 2007 4646:Tsebelis & Alemán 2005 4634:Tsebelis & Alemán 2005 4568:Tsebelis & Alemán 2005 3357:United States Constitution 3116:. Latvijas Vēstnesis. 2018 2390: 2358: 2326: 2290: 2262: 2196: 2109:in 1999, which received a 2091:Scottish Militia Bill 1708 2053: 2020: 1974: 1918: 1885: 1851: 1810: 1765: 1729: 1696: 1658: 1626: 1598: 1532: 1503: 1467: 1430: 1393: 1361: 1316: 1291: 1258: 1247:National People's Congress 1199: 1162: 1134: 1106: 1071: 1037: 989: 933: 908: 880: 848: 816: 784: 723: 670: 572: 547:National People's Congress 481: 293:Emergence of modern vetoes 289:in the late 18th century. 260: 160:to prevent policy change. 158:social and political power 29: 6418:10.1017/S1755773913000106 6325:10.1017/s0143814x00006061 6233:McGee, David (May 2021). 5932:10.2436/rcdp.i0.2020.3553 5751:Koff, Stephen P. (1982). 5454:10.1080/01402380802670719 5383:10.1007/978-3-030-16431-7 4923:Constitution of Indonesia 4871:10.1080/00074910802169004 3585:. Routledge. p. 67. 3563:2027/spo.0642292.0032.008 3545:Blackman, Robert (2004). 3399:"4. System of government" 2667:Tsebelis, George (2002). 2397:Royal assent § Tonga 2181:Northern Ireland Assembly 2169:Northern Ireland Act 1998 2027:Royal assent § Spain 1470:Government of South Korea 1457:can return a bill to the 1281:can return a bill to the 1257:do not have a veto power. 1137:Government of El Salvador 1060:has only a package veto ( 1028:. At the province level, 977:constitutional amendments 969:President of the Republic 713:, they can provide for a 630:constitutional monarchies 618:semi-presidential systems 529:Franz Joseph I of Austria 415:Types of executive vetoes 146:semi-presidential systems 67:to stop it from becoming 47:signing a veto of a bill. 6488:10.1177/0010414012463883 6313:Journal of Public Policy 6202:"Crown's financial veto" 6061:House of Commons Library 5946:Constitution of Portugal 5926:(Número Especial): 188. 5875:Constitution of Portugal 5153:Young Whan Kihl (2015). 4306:Constitution of Cameroon 4293:Constitution of Cameroon 3863:South China Morning Post 2743:10.1177/0010414006288979 2524:Presidential Veto Powers 2347:House of Representatives 2167:, and section 14 of the 1951:Assembly of the Republic 1947:Assembly of the Republic 1253:. The State Council and 883:Politics of South Africa 6518:Latin words and phrases 6513:Latin legal terminology 6076:"Documenting Democracy" 5873:Article 278-279 of the 5710:Constitution of Ireland 5669:Irish Political Studies 5608:Constitution of Hungary 5360:10.1111/1467-9477.00086 5298:Constitution of Estonia 2572:Köker, Philipp (2015). 2521:Bulmer, Elliot (2017). 2361:Politics of New Zealand 2242:Australian Constitution 1910:Constitutional Tribunal 588:the stronger the veto. 523:, a power known as the 502:Great Council of Chiefs 6218:Crown's financial veto 5850:Constitution of Poland 5822:Constitution of Latvia 5809:Constitution of Latvia 5660:Elgie, Robert (2012). 5549:"Das könnt ihr besser" 5442:West European Politics 5428:Constitution of France 5415:Constitution of France 5234:, pp. 1166, 1181. 4992:Article 94, 96 of the 4966:"The Guardian Council" 4826:"The President's role" 4508:Constitution of Canada 4483:Constitution of Zambia 4377:Constitution of Uganda 4025:"Twenty-Third Meeting" 3957:Palanza & Sin 2020 3945:Palanza & Sin 2020 3933:Palanza & Sin 2020 3739:"Legislative Glossary" 3710:Black's Law Dictionary 3371:Palanza & Sin 2020 2466:rational choice theory 2225: 2015: 1959:government of Portugal 1758:Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson 1655:Constitutional Council 1551: 1535:Politics of Uzbekistan 1226: 1096: 1062: 952: 819:Government of Cameroon 746: 689:: The members of the 609: 436: 309: 302:William III of England 209: 48: 6261:Constitution of Tonga 6027:Parliamentary Affairs 5985:Constitution of Spain 5972:Constitution of Spain 5959:Constitution of Spain 5836:, pp. 1172–1173. 5007:Constitution of Japan 4797:Sharma, B.k. (2007). 4786:Constitution of India 4236:Constitution of Benin 4149:The Modern Law Review 3579:Jones, Colin (2014). 2391:Further information: 2359:Further information: 2327:Further information: 2291:Further information: 2265:Politics of Australia 2263:Further information: 2255:Australian Parliament 2223: 2197:Further information: 2163:, section 114 of the 2105:. An example was the 2054:Further information: 2021:Further information: 1975:Further information: 1919:Further information: 1886:Further information: 1852:Further information: 1811:Further information: 1766:Further information: 1730:Further information: 1697:Further information: 1659:Further information: 1627:Further information: 1599:Further information: 1549: 1533:Further information: 1504:Further information: 1468:Further information: 1431:Further information: 1394:Further information: 1364:Politics of Indonesia 1362:Further information: 1317:Further information: 1292:Further information: 1259:Further information: 1224: 1200:Further information: 1163:Further information: 1159:Congress of the Union 1135:Further information: 1109:Government of Ecuador 1107:Further information: 1072:Further information: 1038:Further information: 1024:, and legally by the 1016:) might instruct the 990:Further information: 975:, exceptions made to 950: 934:Further information: 909:Further information: 881:Further information: 849:Further information: 817:Further information: 785:Further information: 744: 724:Further information: 671:Further information: 622:parliamentary systems 607: 494:bicameral legislature 422: 300: 216:, was adopted by the 207: 150:parliamentary systems 42: 32:Veto (disambiguation) 5725:(20 November 1997). 4994:Constitution of Iran 4648:, pp. 405, 420. 4333:(20 November 2019). 4087:10.2307/j.ctt1qv5nfq 3830:Tobin, Greg (2009). 2887:Dominican Republic: 2706:10.1353/wp.2006.0005 2455:coalition government 2387:Legislative Assembly 2007:Congress of Deputies 1977:Politics of Portugal 1943:Constitutional Court 1881:Vaira Vike-Freiberga 1721:Constitutional Court 1623:Finnish independence 1414:parliamentary system 1191:separation of powers 1165:Government of Mexico 1131:Legislative Assembly 1063:observación a la ley 1030:lieutenant governors 992:Government of Brazil 775:Constitutional Court 644:International bodies 508:Veto over candidates 394:white South Africans 370:separation of powers 366:branch of government 242:Gracchan land reform 177:tribune of the plebs 84:in the United States 30:For other uses, see 5944:Article 233 of the 5848:Article 122 of the 5296:Article 107 of the 5276:10.1093/icon/mop021 5081:Asia-Pacific Review 5021:Monumenta Nipponica 4784:Article 111 of the 4615:Basabe-Serrano 2020 4549:Article 102 of the 4531:24 May 2013 at the 3816:10.1093/icon/mom030 3265:on 19 January 2012. 2784:Constitutions cited 2436:within societies." 2240:: According to the 2173:Scottish Parliament 2056:Politics of Ukraine 2016:veto presupuestario 2009:. In addition, the 1840:government of Italy 1813:Politics of Ireland 1806:ordinary referendum 1768:Politics of Iceland 1732:Politics of Hungary 1699:Politics of Germany 1629:Politics of Finland 1601:Politics of Estonia 1261:Government of China 851:Politics of Liberia 626:Westminster systems 557:, appointed by the 306:Toleration Act 1688 134:legislative process 5820:Article 71 of the 5807:Article 72 of the 5426:Article 61 of the 5413:Article 10 of the 5336:, pp. 86, 88. 5243:Article 84 of the 4921:Article 22 of the 4831:The Times of India 4759:Article 46 of the 4700:"The Veto Process" 4519:Jackson, Michael. 4506:Article 53 of the 4481:Article 66 of the 4396:. 22 December 2016 4375:Article 91 of the 4357:Article 79 of the 4304:Article 31 of the 4291:Article 19 of the 4234:Article 57 of the 2226: 1921:Politics of Poland 1888:Politics of Latvia 1835:Italian Parliament 1661:Politics of France 1552: 1437:Local Autonomy Act 1426:Local Autonomy Act 1420:does not give the 1396:Government of Iran 1227: 1194:governors have a " 1054:Dominican Republic 953: 936:Politics of Zambia 911:Politics of Uganda 747: 610: 437: 310: 210: 49: 6040:10.1093/pa/gsw029 5606:Article 6 of the 5488:Missing or empty 5005:Article 7 of the 4810:978-81-203-3246-1 4012:favourable votes. 3608:, pp. 12–13. 3473:978-0-88706-802-7 3308:. UZINFOCOM. 2014 3154:. 2 February 1987 2737:(10): 1155–1182. 2617:978-0-19-022863-7 2426:Ellen M. Immergut 2393:Politics of Tonga 2309:: Under the 2013 2161:Scotland Act 1998 2095:royal prerogative 2023:Politics of Spain 2003:absolute majority 1963:autonomous region 1854:Politics of Italy 1844:Sergio Mattarella 1725:National Assembly 1651:National Assembly 1459:National Assembly 1433:Politics of Japan 1288:absolute majority 1102:National Assembly 1012:(in practice the 973:National Congress 873:National Assembly 813:absolute majority 787:Politics of Benin 771:absolute majority 767:National Assembly 636:is a rarely used 575:Balance of powers 569:Balance of powers 500:appointed by the 398:Indigenous vetoes 330:French Revolution 246:Tiberius Gracchus 224:interests of the 136:, along with the 16:(Redirected from 6525: 6492: 6491: 6467: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6397: 6391: 6385: 6376: 6370: 6364: 6358: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6308: 6302: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6280:. 9 January 2012 6270: 6264: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6239:. 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United Nations 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3895: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3714: 3713: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3576: 3567: 3566: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3509: 3508: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3459: 3450: 3444: 3429: 3423: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3395: 3374: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3266: 3264: 3258:. 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1790:Council of State 1780: 1778: 1777: 1744: 1742: 1741: 1711: 1709: 1708: 1693:federal Republic 1687:veto power over 1673: 1671: 1670: 1641: 1639: 1638: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1482: 1480: 1479: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1382:Guardian Council 1376: 1374: 1373: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1306: 1304: 1303: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1237: 1235: 1234: 1177: 1175: 1174: 1149: 1147: 1146: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1099: 1086: 1084: 1083: 1065: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1018:governor general 1004: 1002: 1001: 963: 961: 960: 923: 921: 920: 895: 893: 892: 863: 861: 860: 831: 829: 828: 799: 797: 796: 757: 755: 754: 715:legislative veto 685: 683: 682: 656: 654: 653: 536:Guardian Council 484:Legislative veto 478:Legislative veto 472:unconstitutional 429:line-Item vetoes 374:legislative veto 350:Thomas Jefferson 181:Roman magistrate 127:Indian president 21: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6469: 6468: 6461: 6453: 6449: 6441: 6437: 6429: 6425: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6386: 6379: 6371: 6367: 6359: 6352: 6344: 6340: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6297: 6293: 6283: 6281: 6272: 6271: 6267: 6258: 6254: 6247: 6232: 6231: 6224: 6211: 6209: 6200: 6199: 6195: 6186: 6182: 6173: 6166: 6156: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6116: 6103: 6102: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6011:, p. 1171. 6007: 6003: 5995: 5991: 5982: 5978: 5969: 5965: 5956: 5952: 5943: 5939: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5872: 5868: 5864:, p. 1178. 5860: 5856: 5847: 5840: 5832: 5828: 5819: 5815: 5806: 5802: 5792: 5790: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5731:The Irish Times 5721: 5720: 5716: 5707: 5703: 5693: 5691: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5654: 5641: 5639: 5634: 5633: 5626: 5622:, p. 1164. 5618: 5614: 5605: 5601: 5591: 5589: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5498: 5487: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5425: 5421: 5412: 5408: 5393: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5332: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5308: 5304: 5295: 5284: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5242: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5222:, p. 1166. 5218: 5209: 5200: 5196: 5182: 5181: 5174: 5167: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5138: 5134: 5125: 5121: 5112: 5108: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5033:10.2307/2382947 5018: 5017: 5013: 5004: 5000: 4991: 4987: 4974: 4972: 4964: 4963: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4943:(in Indonesian) 4934: 4933: 4929: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4894: 4893: 4886: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4839: 4838:on 16 June 2012 4823: 4822: 4818: 4811: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4783: 4779: 4775:, p. 1179. 4771: 4767: 4758: 4749: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4715: 4702: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4680: 4678: 4673: 4672: 4665: 4656: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4632: 4621: 4617:, pp. 6–7. 4613: 4609: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4566: 4557: 4548: 4539: 4533:Wayback Machine 4518: 4514: 4505: 4501: 4493: 4489: 4480: 4476: 4468: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4444: 4440: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4394:The Independent 4388: 4387: 4383: 4374: 4365: 4356: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4303: 4299: 4290: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4233: 4224: 4216: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4184: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4097: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4004: 4002: 3999:"Voting System" 3997: 3996: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3931: 3927: 3897: 3896: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3728:, p. 6-29. 3724: 3717: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3512: 3505: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3461: 3460: 3453: 3445: 3432: 3424: 3417: 3407: 3405: 3397: 3396: 3377: 3369: 3362: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3328: 3326: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3287: 3286:United States: 3277: 3275: 3270: 3262: 3255: 3251: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3220: 3218: 3213: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3112: 3100: 3098: 3089: 3080: 3078: 3073: 3061: 3059: 3054: 3045: 3043: 3038: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2988: 2986: 2981: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2923: 2911: 2909: 2904: 2895: 2893: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2871: 2859: 2857: 2852: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2802: 2800: 2791: 2786: 2757: 2728: 2685: 2679: 2666: 2652: 2631: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2593: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2571: 2545:Democratization 2542: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2520: 2517: 2494: 2445:George Tsebelis 2406: 2399: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2244:(sec. 59), the 2231: 2229: 2218: 2209: 2150: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2115:Ten Minute Rule 2063: 2061: 2058: 2034: 2032: 2029: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1762:Icesave dispute 1739: 1737: 1734: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1572: 1570: 1544: 1537: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1358:Patrialis Akbar 1326: 1324: 1321: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1232: 1230: 1219: 1212: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1034:federal cabinet 1010:King-in-Council 999: 997: 994: 958: 956: 945: 938: 918: 916: 913: 890: 888: 885: 858: 856: 853: 826: 824: 821: 794: 792: 789: 752: 750: 739: 732: 680: 678: 675: 651: 649: 646: 602: 577: 571: 510: 486: 480: 441:legislative act 417: 362: 295: 265: 259: 250:Marcus Octavius 202: 197: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6531: 6529: 6521: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6493: 6482:(7): 823–850. 6459: 6447: 6435: 6423: 6412:(3): 331–357. 6392: 6377: 6375:, p. 107. 6365: 6361:Croissant 2003 6350: 6338: 6303: 6291: 6265: 6252: 6245: 6222: 6206:Cabinet Manual 6193: 6180: 6164: 6141: 6126: 6093: 6082:on 1 June 2011 6067: 6046: 6033:(2): 280–300. 6013: 6001: 5989: 5976: 5963: 5950: 5937: 5914: 5879: 5866: 5854: 5838: 5826: 5813: 5800: 5774: 5743: 5714: 5701: 5675:(4): 502–521. 5652: 5624: 5612: 5599: 5566: 5553:Süddeutsche.de 5539: 5506: 5467: 5448:(2): 384–403. 5432: 5419: 5406: 5392:978-3030164331 5391: 5377:. p. 57. 5365: 5354:(3): 219–243. 5338: 5326: 5324:, p. 157. 5314: 5312:, p. 158. 5302: 5282: 5269:(3): 539–543. 5249: 5236: 5224: 5207: 5194: 5172: 5165: 5145: 5132: 5119: 5106: 5071: 5049: 5011: 4998: 4985: 4954: 4927: 4914: 4907: 4884: 4865:(2): 239–262. 4849: 4816: 4809: 4789: 4777: 4765: 4747: 4721: 4691: 4663: 4650: 4638: 4636:, p. 405. 4619: 4607: 4572: 4570:, p. 406. 4555: 4537: 4512: 4499: 4487: 4474: 4450: 4438: 4407: 4381: 4363: 4347: 4322: 4310: 4297: 4281: 4252: 4240: 4222: 4207: 4182: 4155:(5): 661–693. 4135: 4110: 4095: 4067: 4041: 4016: 3987: 3961: 3959:, p. 382. 3949: 3947:, p. 374. 3937: 3935:, p. 375. 3925: 3887: 3883:Croissant 2003 3875: 3849: 3842: 3822: 3809:(4): 639–669. 3789: 3767: 3765:, p. 407. 3752: 3730: 3715: 3700: 3681:(2): 231–238. 3665: 3639: 3637:, p. 402. 3627: 3610: 3598: 3591: 3568: 3537: 3535:, p. 404. 3525: 3523:, p. 403. 3510: 3503: 3479: 3472: 3451: 3430: 3415: 3375: 3373:, p. 367. 3360: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3335: 3318: 3301: 3284: 3267: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3210: 3203:South Africa: 3201: 3181: 3164: 3143: 3126: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3072:Korea, South: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3035: 3015: 2995: 2978: 2958: 2941: 2931:. 22 July 2011 2920: 2919: 2918: 2885: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2830: 2829: 2828: 2799:on 2 July 2022 2787: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2780: 2770:(2): 401–412. 2755: 2726: 2694:World Politics 2683: 2677: 2664: 2650: 2629: 2616: 2591: 2569: 2540: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2500: 2493: 2490: 2482:obstructionism 2405: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2364: 2355:financial veto 2332: 2296: 2268: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2210: 2203:King's Consent 2119:second reading 2099:king's consent 2082:House of Lords 2070:United Kingdom 2059: 2049:Verkhovna Rada 2030: 1980: 1957:issued by the 1924: 1891: 1857: 1816: 1798:Seanad Éireann 1771: 1735: 1702: 1664: 1632: 1604: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1509: 1496:line-item veto 1473: 1440: 1399: 1367: 1322: 1297: 1264: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1187:line-item veto 1168: 1140: 1112: 1077: 1043: 995: 944: 941: 940: 939: 914: 886: 854: 822: 815:to become law. 790: 780:President Yayi 738: 735: 734: 733: 701:) secured the 687:European Union 676: 658:United Nations 645: 642: 601: 598: 573:Main article: 570: 567: 553:that gave the 545:, in 2021 the 525:jus exclusivae 509: 506: 498:Senate of Fiji 482:Main article: 479: 476: 445:line item veto 416: 413: 361: 358: 338:King Louis XVI 328:Following the 294: 291: 261:Main article: 258: 255: 218:Roman Republic 201: 198: 196: 193: 187:passed by the 138:proposal power 112:United Kingdom 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6530: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6431:Tsebelis 2002 6427: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6396: 6393: 6390:, p. 19. 6389: 6388:Tsebelis 2002 6384: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6373:Tsebelis 2002 6369: 6366: 6363:, p. 74. 6362: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6348:, p. 85. 6347: 6346:Tsebelis 2002 6342: 6339: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6295: 6292: 6279: 6278:Matangi Tonga 6275: 6269: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6253: 6248: 6246:9780947506247 6242: 6238: 6237: 6229: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6152: 6145: 6142: 6137: 6130: 6127: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6081: 6077: 6071: 6068: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6050: 6047: 6041: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6017: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6002: 5998: 5993: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5960: 5954: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5938: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5915: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5858: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5801: 5789: 5785: 5778: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5744: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5723:Hogan, Gerard 5718: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5702: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5663: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5637: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5603: 5600: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5567: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5540: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5510: 5507: 5502: 5495: 5482: 5471: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5436: 5433: 5429: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5369: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5195: 5190: 5186: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5166:9781317453321 5162: 5158: 5157: 5149: 5146: 5142: 5136: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5075: 5072: 5060: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4989: 4986: 4982: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4942: 4938: 4931: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4915: 4910: 4908:9780429860935 4904: 4901:. Routledge. 4900: 4899: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4853: 4850: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4820: 4817: 4812: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4732: 4725: 4722: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4701: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4677: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4608: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4451: 4448:, p. 31. 4447: 4442: 4439: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4408: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4336: 4332: 4331:Pierre de Vos 4326: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4286: 4282: 4266: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4250:, p. 33. 4249: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4220:, p. 19. 4219: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4196: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4136: 4124: 4120: 4119:"Article 290" 4114: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4096:9780472117932 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4071: 4068: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4042: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3885:, p. 72. 3884: 3879: 3876: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3850: 3845: 3843:9781402729546 3839: 3835: 3834: 3826: 3823: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3790: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3669: 3666: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3628: 3625:, p. 13. 3624: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3599: 3594: 3592:9781317870807 3588: 3584: 3583: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3504:9781316061923 3500: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3489:ager publicus 3483: 3480: 3475: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3346: 3339: 3324: 3319: 3307: 3302: 3291:. U.S. Senate 3290: 3285: 3273: 3268: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3187: 3182: 3170: 3165: 3153: 3149: 3145:Philippines: 3144: 3132: 3127: 3115: 3110: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3076: 3071: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3041: 3036: 3021: 3016: 3001: 2996: 2984: 2979: 2964: 2959: 2947: 2942: 2930: 2929:Riigi Teataja 2926: 2921: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2891: 2886: 2874: 2869: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2836: 2831: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2684: 2680: 2678:9781400831456 2674: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2651:9781789906516 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2619: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2577: 2576: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2526: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2404:Veto theories 2403: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2384: 2381:empowers the 2380: 2376: 2365: 2362: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2333: 2330: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2297: 2294: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2269: 2266: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2228: 2227: 2222: 2215: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2146: 2134: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2111:first reading 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2089:to block the 2088: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2060: 2057: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1925: 1922: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1892: 1889: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1858: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1817: 1814: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794:Supreme Court 1791: 1787: 1783: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1736: 1733: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1703: 1700: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1665: 1662: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1633: 1630: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1605: 1602: 1596: 1592: 1591:Supreme Court 1588: 1584: 1580: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1548: 1541: 1536: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1400: 1397: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1368: 1365: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1323: 1320: 1313: 1309: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1265: 1262: 1256: 1252: 1251:State Council 1248: 1244: 1240: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1179:United States 1169: 1166: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1141: 1138: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1113: 1110: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1078: 1075: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1044: 1041: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 996: 993: 987: 983: 978: 974: 970: 966: 955: 954: 949: 942: 937: 930: 926: 915: 912: 906: 902: 898: 887: 884: 878: 874: 870: 866: 855: 852: 846: 842: 838: 834: 823: 820: 814: 810: 806: 802: 791: 788: 781: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 749: 748: 743: 736: 731: 727: 721: 720:Lisbon Treaty 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 677: 674: 668: 663: 659: 648: 647: 643: 641: 639: 638:reserve power 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 606: 599: 597: 595: 589: 585: 583: 576: 568: 566: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 534:In Iran, the 532: 530: 526: 522: 517: 515: 507: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 485: 477: 475: 473: 468: 466: 461: 456: 452: 448: 446: 442: 434: 430: 426: 423:US President 421: 414: 412: 410: 409:supermajority 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 386: 381: 379: 378:judicial veto 375: 371: 367: 359: 357: 355: 351: 347: 342: 339: 335: 331: 326: 324: 319: 315: 307: 303: 299: 292: 290: 288: 284: 283: 278: 274: 270: 264: 256: 254: 251: 247: 243: 238: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 206: 199: 194: 192: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 130: 128: 123: 121: 117: 116:United States 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 80:supermajority 76: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 46: 45:Ronald Reagan 43:US President 41: 37: 33: 19: 6479: 6475: 6457:, p. 6. 6450: 6445:, p. 2. 6438: 6433:, p. 4. 6426: 6409: 6405: 6395: 6368: 6341: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6301:, p. 4. 6294: 6282:. Retrieved 6277: 6268: 6263: (1978) 6255: 6235: 6217: 6210:. Retrieved 6205: 6196: 6191: (1979) 6183: 6178: (1979) 6155:. Retrieved 6144: 6129: 6117:. Retrieved 6112: 6105:Hamer, David 6084:. Retrieved 6080:the original 6070: 6059: 6049: 6030: 6026: 6016: 6004: 5992: 5987: (1978) 5979: 5974: (1978) 5966: 5961: (1978) 5953: 5948: (2005) 5940: 5923: 5917: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5877: (2005) 5869: 5857: 5852: (1997) 5829: 5824: (2016) 5816: 5811: (2016) 5803: 5791:. Retrieved 5787: 5777: 5760: 5756: 5746: 5734:. Retrieved 5730: 5717: 5712: (2019) 5704: 5692:. Retrieved 5672: 5668: 5655: 5647: 5640:. Retrieved 5615: 5610: (2016) 5602: 5590:. Retrieved 5578: 5569: 5557:. Retrieved 5552: 5542: 5530:. Retrieved 5518: 5509: 5490:|title= 5470: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5430: (2008) 5422: 5417: (2008) 5409: 5374: 5368: 5351: 5347: 5341: 5329: 5317: 5305: 5300: (2015) 5266: 5262: 5252: 5247: (1992) 5239: 5227: 5205: (1987) 5197: 5188: 5184: 5155: 5148: 5143: (1987) 5135: 5130: (1987) 5122: 5117: (1987) 5109: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5062:. Retrieved 5052: 5044: 5024: 5020: 5014: 5009: (1947) 5001: 4996: (1989) 4988: 4980: 4973:. Retrieved 4969: 4945:. Retrieved 4940: 4930: 4925: (2022) 4917: 4897: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4840:. Retrieved 4836:the original 4829: 4819: 4799: 4792: 4780: 4768: 4763: (2018) 4741: 4734:. Retrieved 4724: 4707: 4694: 4686: 4679:. Retrieved 4661: (1789) 4653: 4641: 4610: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4553: (2015) 4524: 4515: 4510: (1867) 4502: 4490: 4485: (2016) 4477: 4453: 4441: 4416: 4410: 4398:. Retrieved 4393: 4384: 4379: (2017) 4361: (2012) 4338:. Retrieved 4325: 4320:, p. 8. 4313: 4308: (2008) 4300: 4295: (2008) 4272:. Retrieved 4243: 4238: (1990) 4198:. Retrieved 4152: 4148: 4138: 4126:. Retrieved 4122: 4113: 4105:j.ctt1qv5nfq 4077: 4070: 4058:. Retrieved 4055:EURACTIV.com 4054: 4044: 4032:. Retrieved 4019: 4010: 4003:. Retrieved 3978:. Retrieved 3973: 3964: 3952: 3940: 3928: 3903: 3899: 3878: 3866:. Retrieved 3862: 3852: 3832: 3825: 3806: 3802: 3792: 3780:. Retrieved 3770: 3743:. Retrieved 3733: 3709: 3703: 3678: 3675:Peace Review 3674: 3668: 3656:. Retrieved 3652: 3642: 3630: 3601: 3581: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3528: 3493: 3488: 3482: 3463: 3449:, p. 3. 3428:, p. 5. 3406:. Retrieved 3402: 3348: 3327:. Retrieved 3310:. Retrieved 3303:Uzbekistan: 3293:. Retrieved 3276:. Retrieved 3260:the original 3238:. Retrieved 3219:. Retrieved 3193:. Retrieved 3173:. Retrieved 3156:. Retrieved 3151: 3135:. Retrieved 3118:. Retrieved 3099:. Retrieved 3094: 3079:. Retrieved 3060:. Retrieved 3044:. Retrieved 3027:. Retrieved 3007:. Retrieved 2987:. Retrieved 2970:. Retrieved 2950:. Retrieved 2933:. Retrieved 2928: 2910:. Retrieved 2894:. Retrieved 2877:. 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Retrieved 2523: 2498:Royal assent 2479: 2474: 2469: 2463: 2459: 2448: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2418:veto players 2407: 2379:constitution 2311:Constitution 2005:vote of the 1995:Constitution 1965:such as the 1848:Paolo Savona 1802:Dáil Éireann 1682: 1595:Constitution 1553: 1464:Roh Moo-hyun 1418:constitution 1353:Constitution 1344: 1340: 1243:Constitution 1241:: Under the 1097:veto parcial 951:The Americas 865:South Africa 841:Constitution 634:royal assent 614:presidential 611: 594:Lennart Meri 590: 586: 578: 540: 533: 524: 518: 511: 487: 469: 464: 457: 453: 449: 438: 425:Bill Clinton 406: 385:royal assent 382: 363: 343: 327: 314:royal assent 311: 282:liberum veto 280: 272: 266: 263:Liberum veto 257:Liberum veto 239: 233: 213: 211: 189:Roman Senate 162: 154:veto players 142:presidential 131: 124: 77: 73:constitution 52: 50: 36: 5895:: 121–138. 5788:TheLocal.it 5579:Der Spiegel 5555:(in German) 5519:Der Spiegel 5027:(1/2): 11. 4941:merdeka.com 4446:Bulmer 2017 4318:Bulmer 2017 4270:(in French) 4265:"DCC08-171" 4248:Bulmer 2017 4218:Bulmer 2017 3763:Watson 1987 3635:Watson 1987 3623:Bulmer 2017 3606:Bulmer 2017 3533:Watson 1987 3521:Watson 1987 3426:Bulmer 2017 2997:Indonesia: 2840:(in French) 2515:Works cited 2441:game theory 2414:veto points 2343:New Zealand 2052:bill fails. 1955:decree-laws 1689:legislation 1528:Oliy Majlis 1500:money bills 1484:Philippines 1451:South Korea 1196:pocket veto 1123:El Salvador 845:Legislature 460:pocket veto 346:republicans 234:intercessio 214:intercessio 171:offices of 6502:Categories 6319:(4): 391. 6119:1 November 5763:(3): 341. 5334:Köker 2015 5322:Köker 2015 5310:Köker 2015 5087:(2): 114. 3906:(5): 670. 3340:References 3183:Portugal: 2922:Estonia: 2832:Cameroon: 2486:gridlocked 2351:Government 2319:Parliament 2113:under the 2087:Queen Anne 2011:government 1884:standards. 1754:referendum 1560:Luxembourg 1520:Uzbekistan 1283:parliament 905:Parliament 809:Parliament 711:Commission 707:Parliament 691:EU Council 318:Edward III 230:patricians 200:Roman veto 120:resolution 114:, and the 6107:(2002) . 6086:13 August 5909:156761976 5587:2195-1349 5527:2195-1349 5481:cite book 5462:154741100 5401:198743002 5101:154999192 4879:154149905 4842:4 January 4602:224949744 4588:(2): 15. 4433:198750839 4177:219376667 3920:154874901 3726:NCSL 1998 3695:149072601 2980:Hungary: 2960:Georgia: 2751:154842077 2722:154191670 2660:229672005 2565:144739609 2509:Vetocracy 2315:President 2283:President 2238:Australia 2045:president 1939:president 1906:president 1872:president 1831:president 1786:president 1750:president 1717:president 1647:president 1619:president 1587:Riigikogu 1583:president 1564:abolished 1524:president 1488:president 1455:president 1337:president 1333:Indonesia 1312:president 1279:president 1255:president 1183:president 1155:president 1127:president 1092:president 1058:president 929:president 901:president 869:president 837:president 805:president 763:president 703:UK rebate 628:and most 600:Worldwide 549:approved 390:apartheid 325:in 1776. 277:unanimous 226:plebeians 63:vetoes a 57:president 6333:55825849 5769:27547832 5689:28754294 5592:2 August 5559:2 August 5532:2 August 4713:Archived 4529:Archived 4466:Archived 4169:41302774 3653:Newsweek 3320:Zambia: 3269:Uganda: 3166:Poland: 3111:Latvia: 3075:"대한민국헌법" 2943:France: 2870:Canada: 2776:40574459 2714:40060107 2492:See also 2475:de facto 2287:Congress 2195:in 2023. 2185:reserved 2133:Scotland 2080:and the 1961:. 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