Ruby Ridge standoff

3416:"Although it is not our intention to speculate, the evidence, though not conclusive, certainly suggests that the shot that killed Samuel came from Cooper's .9mm weapon. We have found no evidence that Cooper, or any of the marshals, intentionally sought to kill or injure Samuel Weaver. / Cooper said that he purposely fired three shots at Harris, after Harris shot Degan and appeared to be preparing to fire at Degan again. ... Cooper next fired a second three-round burst, in the direction from which he had received fire, as cover in an effort to reach Degan. He said this burst was not directed at a specific target. It is possible that Samuel may have been mortally wounded at that time. / Samuel Weaver was shot during a firefight in which he was a participant. There is no proof, and we do not conclude, that Cooper intentionally aimed the fatal shot at Samuel Weaver. Indeed, the record demonstrates that the marshals went to great lengths in preparing for their mission to avoid endangering the Weaver children." 943:(1998), Harris's version of events differed, as follows. Harris told them Striker was followed out of the woods by Samuel and Harris, and that the dog ran up to Cooper. He said the dog ran to Roderick, who shot it in front of Samuel. Samuel yelled, "You shot my dog, you son of a bitch!", and fired a shot at Roderick. Harris said that Degan came out of the woods and shot Samuel in the arm. Harris fired and hit Degan in the chest. According to the Weavers, Harris said that Cooper fired at Harris, who ducked for cover, and Cooper fired again, hitting Samuel in the back, who fell. Harris fired about 6 feet (2 m) in front of Cooper, forcing him to take cover. Only then did he hear Cooper identify himself as a U.S. Marshal. Harris said he checked Samuel and found him dead, and ran to the Weavers' cabin. 404:(USAO) for Idaho. Harris and Weaver were acquitted of all the siege-related charges, and Weaver was only found guilty of violating his bail terms and of failing to appear for a court hearing, both related to the original federal firearms charges. The Weaver family and Harris both filed civil suits against the federal government in response to the firefight and the siege. In August 1995, the Weavers won a combined out-of-court settlement of $ 3.1 million; Harris was awarded a $ 380,000 settlement in September 2000. In 1997, a Boundary County prosecutor indicted Horiuchi for the manslaughter of Vicki, but the county's new prosecutor controversially closed the case, judging that he would be unlikely to secure a conviction. 1111:, from a position over 200 yards (180 m) north and above the Weaver cabin, shot and wounded Randy Weaver in the back with the bullet exiting his right armpit, while he was lifting the latch on the shed to visit the body of his dead son. (The sniper testified at the later trial that he had put his crosshairs on Weaver's spine, but Weaver moved at the last second.) As Weaver, his 16-year-old daughter Sara, and Harris ran back toward the cabin, Horiuchi fired a second bullet, wounding Harris in the chest. This bullet killed Vicki Weaver, who was standing behind the door of the cabin when Harris entered. Vicki was holding the Weavers' 10-month-old baby Elisheba. 624:, and told that his trial would begin on February 19, 1991. On January 22, the judge in the case appointed attorney Everett Hofmeister as Weaver's legal representative. The same day, Weaver called probation officer Karl Richins and told him that he had been instructed to contact Richins on that date. Richins did not have the case file at that time, so he asked Weaver to leave his contact information and said he would contact him when he received the paperwork. According to Richins, Weaver did not give him a telephone number. Hofmeister sent Weaver letters on January 19, January 31, and February 5, asking Weaver to contact him to work on his 635:. The court clerk sent the parties a letter informing them of the date change, but the notice was not sent directly to Weaver, only to Hofmeister. On February 7, Richins sent Weaver a letter indicating that he had the case file and needed to talk with Weaver. This letter erroneously said that Weaver's trial date was March 20. On February 8, Hofmeister again attempted to contact Weaver by letter informing him that the trial was to begin on February 20 and that Weaver needed to contact him immediately. Hofmeister also made several calls to individuals who knew Weaver, asking them to have Weaver call him. Hofmeister told 1252:, rested his case without calling any witnesses for the defense. Instead, he sought to convince the jury through cross-examination which was aimed at discrediting the government's evidence and witnesses. In July, Weaver was ultimately acquitted of all of the charges except the charge which he incurred after he missed his original court date and the charge of violating his bail conditions, for which he was sentenced to 18 months imprisonment and fined $ 10,000 in October. Credited with time served and good behavior, Weaver served less than 16 months and he was released from the 960: 835:

the cabin. Samuel and Harris followed Striker on foot through the woods while Randy, also on foot, took a separate logging trail; Vicki, Sara, Rachel, and baby Elisheba remained at the cabin. The OP team were anxious at first, but then relaxed. Randy encountered the Marshals at the "Y"; Roderick claimed to have yelled, "Back off! U.S. Marshal!" upon sighting Weaver, and Cooper said he had shouted, "Stop! U.S. Marshal!" By their account, Samuel and Striker came out of the woods about a minute later. When the Marshals' position was revealed by the dog "Striker", a

1201: 468: 971:, DUSM Hunt requested immediate support from Idaho law enforcement, and he also alerted the FBI by notifying it that a Marshal had been killed. Following Hunt's phone call, the Marshals Service Crisis Center was activated under the direction of Duke Smith, associate director for Operations. The Marshals Service Special Operations Group (SOG) was alerted to deploy. In response to the USMS call, the Boundary County sheriff's office mobilized. Also in response to the USMS request, Idaho Governor 839:, DUSM Roderick shot the dog dead. Seeing this, Samuel Weaver reportedly said to the Marshals, "You've killed my dog, you son of a bitch!", and then shot in the direction of Roderick. DUSM Cooper then shot towards Samuel Weaver and Kevin Harris, who both sought cover. Harris, once finding cover behind a tree stump, then returned fire with a shot that killed DUSM William Francis "Bill" Degan Jr.. Samuel Weaver, now retreating up a hill, was then shot in the back and killed by DUSM Cooper. 1364:, which held that enough uncertainty about the facts of the case existed for Horiuchi to stand trial on state manslaughter charges. Boundary County prosecutor Brett Benson, who had defeated Woodbury in the May 2000 primary and won the November election, decided to drop the case. He said he believed that it was unlikely the state could prove the criminal charges, and too much time had passed. He also believed his decision would enable the process of healing in the county. Attorney 279: 3428:"We are unable to determine who initiated the gunfire at the Y on August 21. The evidence suggests, but does not establish, that the shot that killed Samuel Weaver was fired by DUSM Cooper. Assuming that to be so, we find that there was no intent on the part of Cooper or any of the other marshals to harm Samuel Weaver. We also find that the marshals did not attempt to conceal the shooting of Samuel Weaver since they were unaware that Samuel Weaver had even been injured." 315: 4956:(1996), pp. 1. "Introduction: In the summer of 1995, the Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Government Information announced that it would hold public hearings into allegations that several branches of the Departments of Justice and the Treasury had engaged in serious criminal and professional misconduct in the investigation, apprehension and prosecution of Randall Weaver and Kevin Harris at Ruby Ridge, Idaho." See for comparison, the opening of RRTF, 3056:

thought he heard two shots on a boom microphone. FD-302 Interview of Dave Marlin, September 16, 1992. However, another passenger said that no shots has been fired and that "it would have been 'grossly unfair' to accuse the Weavers of shooting." FD-302 Interview of Richard Weiss, September 11 & 18, 1992, at 1–2; see FD-302 Interview of Brooke Skulski, September 28, 1992. Weaver denied that shots had been fired at the helicopter. "Fugitive: No Surrender,"

54: 1096:

use deadly force, but he was to follow standard deadly force policy for all other individuals. Fred Lanceley, the FBI Hostage Negotiator at Ruby Ridge, was "surprised and shocked" at the ROE, the most severe rules he had heard in more than 300 hostage situations. He later characterized the ROE as being inconsistent with standard policy. The 1996 Senate report criticized the ROE as "virtual shoot-on-sight orders."

827: 936:

Cooper testified that they heard multiple gunshots from the Weaver party. Cooper testified that he fired two three-shot bursts at Harris and saw Harris fall "like a sack of potatoes" with leaves flying up in front of him, presumably from the impact of a round. Cooper sought cover. He testified that he saw Samuel run away and radioed OP team member Dave Hunt that he had wounded or killed Harris.

416:, which held hearings between September 6 and October 19, 1995. It issued a report in which it called for reforms in federal law enforcement in an attempt to prevent a repeat of the losses of life at Ruby Ridge and to restore the public's confidence. Several documentaries and books were produced on the siege. The law enforcement's response at Ruby Ridge and during the 70: 699:

lawyer; he began to think there was a conspiracy against him. Weaver came to believe that he would not receive a fair trial if he were to appear in court. His distrust grew even further when Hofmeister erroneously told him that if he lost the trial, he would lose his land, essentially leaving Vicki homeless, and that the government would take away his children.

322: 286: 657:, telephoned the U.S. Probation Office and asked whether Weaver did not show in court on February 20 because the letter Richins sent him had an incorrect date. Upon finding a copy of the letter, the Chief Probation Officer, Terrence Hummel, contacted Ryan's clerk and informed them of the incorrect date in the letter. Hummel also contacted the 1127:(OPR) of June 1994 stated unequivocally in conclusion (in its executive summary) that the rules that allowed the second shot to have been made did not satisfy constitutional standards for legal use of deadly force. The 1996 report of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Government Information, 737:—were assessed by the Marshals as more radical than the Weavers. When Deputy U.S. Marshal (DUSM) Dave Hunt asked Grider, "Why shouldn't I just go up there ... and talk to him?", Grider replied, "Let me put it to you this way. If I was sitting on my property and somebody with a gun comes to do me harm, then I'll probably shoot him." 729:, the Marshals added new reports to an ever-expanding file, and their overall assessment never really changed. These problems rendered it difficult for other law enforcement officials to assess the Weaver case accurately without the benefit of first-hand briefings from persons who had continuing involvement with him. 612:. In November 1989, Weaver accused the ATF informant of being a spy for the police; Weaver later wrote he had been warned by "Rico V." The informant's handler, Herb Byerly, ordered him to have no further contact with Weaver. Eventually, FBI informant Rico Valentino outed the ATF informant to Aryan Nations security. 616:

criminal convictions. (Those claims were false: at that time Weaver had no criminal record. The 1995 Senate investigation found: "Weaver was not a suspect in any bank robberies.") A federal grand jury indicted Weaver in December 1990 for making and possessing, but not for selling, illegal weapons in October 1989.

597:. Weaver had been invited to the meeting by Kumnick, the original target of the ATF investigation. It was Weaver's first time at this Congress. Over the next three years, Weaver and the informant met several times. In July 1989, Weaver invited the informant to his home to discuss forming a group to fight the " 2297:

Hunt and Mays also reviewed a copy of the military record "DD-214" for Weaver. Although the record did not indicate that Weaver had been a Green Beret or a member of the Special Forces, they speculated that Weaver may have received some general demolition training based on an indication in the record

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The later Justice task force criticized Horiuchi for firing through the door, when he did not know if anyone was on the other side of it. While there is a dispute as to who approved the rules of engagement which Horiuchi followed, the task force condemned the rules of engagement that allowed shots to

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Each marshal was equipped with radios and night vision equipment and wore camouflage tops, pants, and boots. None wore bullet-proof vests, though they were available. Degan carried one of the SOG M16s; Thomas and Norris each had rifles; Roderick had an M16; and Cooper had the "suppressed" .9mm. Hunt

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The team also spent several days conducting surveillance of the Weaver house from the north and west ridges and looking for sites on which to mount surveillance cameras. During this process, they observed the Weavers responding to certain noises by running with rifles to a rock ledge that overlooked

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Harris was defended by attorney David Nevin and he was acquitted of all of the charges. Exactly five years after the incident (August 21, 1997), he was indicted for the first-degree murder of DUSM Bill Degan by Boundary County prosecutor Denise Woodbury, but the charge was dismissed in early October

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The FBI's HQ and the Site Commanders in Idaho both re-evaluated the situation based on information about what had happened on August 21 which they were receiving from U.S. Marshals Hunt, Cooper and Roderick. On August 23, repeated attempts to negotiate with Weaver via a bullhorn failed; there was no

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On Wednesday, August 26, four days after Vicki was killed, the ROE that had been in effect since the arrival of the HRT were revoked. Per Glenn's direction, the FBI's Standard Deadly Force Policy replaced the ROE to guide the law enforcement personnel that were to be deployed to the cabin perimeter.

1054:

The ROE were communicated to agents on site, including communication to HRT sniper/observers prior to deployment, communications that included the change of "adult" to "adult male" to exclude Vicki Weaver. Some deployed FBI agents, in particular the sniper/observers, would later describe the adopted

834:

Later, the OP team and the Weavers claimed the dogs were alerted to the recon team in the woods after neighbors at the foot of the mountain started their pickup truck. The recon team retreated through the woods to a "Y" junction in the trails 500 yards (460 m) west of the cabin, out of sight of

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Although marshals stopped the negotiations as ordered, they made other contact. On March 4, 1992, U.S. Marshals Ron Evans and Jack Cluff drove to the Weaver property and spoke with Weaver, posing as real-estate prospects. At a March 27, 1992, meeting at USMS headquarters, Art Roderick code-named the

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during business hours. 168 people were killed and 680 people were injured, mostly US government employees. 19 of the victims were babies and children, many in the building's day-care center. The effects of the blast were equivalent to over 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) of TNT, and could be heard and felt

935:

Roderick and Cooper said that Striker preceded Harris and Samuel out of the woods. They said Degan challenged Harris, who turned, shot and fatally wounded Degan before he could fire first. They said Roderick shot the dog once, Samuel fired twice at Roderick, and Roderick returned fire. Roderick and

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In 1997, Boundary County Sheriff Greg Sprungl conducted an independent search of the "Y", and his investigator, Lucien Haag, discovered and confirmed that a bullet found in that search matched DUSM Cooper's 9 mm Colt submachine gun and contained fibers that matched Samuel's shirt, conclusively

822:

At one point, Roderick threw two rocks at the Weaver cabin to test the dog's reaction. Later, the dog, "Striker" began following the agents. Weaver's friend, Kevin Harris, and Weaver's 14-year-old son, Samuel, emerged and followed Striker to investigate. Harris and the younger Weaver said that they

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USMS officers made a series of attempts to have Weaver surrender peacefully, but he refused to leave his cabin. Weaver negotiated with U.S. Marshals Ron Evans, W. Warren Mays, and David Hunt through third parties from March 5 to October 12, 1991, when Assistant U.S. Attorney Ron Howen directed that

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on state charges, just before the statute of limitations for this crime expired. She appointed a special prosecutor to conduct the case. But in 1998 the trial was removed to federal court because Horiuchi had been acting in the line of duty as a federal law enforcement officer. Judge Lodge quickly

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Randy Weaver and his daughters filed a wrongful death suit for $ 200 million which was related to the killing of his wife and son. In an out-of-court settlement in August 1995, the federal government awarded Randy Weaver $ 100,000 and it also awarded $ 1 million to each of his three daughters. The

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But most of the FBI HRT sniper/observers accepted the ROE as modifying the deadly force policy. According to later interviews, HRT sniper Dale Monroe saw the ROE as a "green light" to shoot armed adult males on sight, and HRT sniper Edward Wenger believed that if he observed armed adults, he could

946:

After the firefight at the "Y", Hunt and Thomas went to a neighbor's house to call for assistance from the USMS Crisis Center. Norris, Cooper, and Roderick stayed with Degan's body at the "Y". Randy and Vicki went to the "Y" and retrieved Samuel's body. Randy, Vicki and Harris placed the body in a

1276:

Defense counsels for Weaver and Harris alleged throughout their 1993 trial that agents of the ATF, USMS, and FBI were themselves guilty of serious wrongdoing. The Department of Justice (DOJ) created the Ruby Ridge Task Force (RRTF) to investigate events. It delivered a 542-page report on June 10,

771:

television show on April 18, 1992, the USMS received media reports that Weaver had shot at the helicopter. That day in Idaho, U.S. Marshals were installing surveillance cameras overlooking the Weaver property. The field report for April 18, 1992, filed by Marshal W. Warren Mays, reported seeing a

745:

The assumptions of federal and some state and local law enforcement personnel about Weaver—that he was a Green Beret, that he would shoot on sight anyone who attempted to arrest him, that he had collected certain types of arms, that he had "booby-trapped" and tunneled his property—exaggerated the

387:

shot Weaver, then shot Harris, but the second shot also hit and killed Weaver's wife Vicki. The conflict was ultimately resolved by civilian negotiators, and Weaver's old military acquaintance had to convince him to surrender. Harris surrendered and was arrested on August 30; Weaver and his three

374:

During a surveillance operation, officer Art Roderick shot Weaver's dog when it ran at them and then pointed his rifle at Weaver's 14 year old son, Samuel, who was armed. Samuel fired back at the marshals, and was shot and killed by the team. In the ensuing exchange of fire, Weaver's friend Kevin

1295:

investigation was conducted on the policies regarding use of force by federal law enforcement agencies. Its report said: "In October 1995, Treasury and Justice adopted use of deadly force policies to standardize the various policies their component agencies had adopted over the years." The major

740:

The Subcommittee said that the profile included "a brief psychological profile completed by a person who had conducted no firsthand interviews and was so unfamiliar with the case that he referred to Weaver as 'Mr. Randall' throughout". A later memo circulated within the Justice Department opined

724:

The Subcommittee is ... concerned that, as Marshals investigating the Weaver case learned facts that contradicted information they previously had been provided, they did not adequately integrate their updated knowledge into their overall assessment of who Randy Weaver was or what threat he might

698:

Weaver was known to have an intense distrust of government. The erroneous Richins letter is believed to have compounded this sentiment and may have contributed to Weaver's reluctance to appear for trial. He was suspicious of what he thought were inconsistent messages from the government and his

3055:

Quoting footnote 1196 in its entirety, cited in the preceding: Only one of the four people in the helicopter thought he heard shots; the other three heard nothing of were certain that the helicopter had not taken fire. A photographer in the helicopter saw someone gesture at the helicopter and

1208:

The FBI HRT Commander gave Gritz a deadline to get the remaining Weavers to surrender, and if they did not surrender on the day of the deadline, he said he would resolve the standoff by launching a tactical assault. Weaver and his daughters surrendered the next day; both Harris and Weaver were

707:

operation "Northern Exposure". Surveillance teams were dispatched and cameras set up to record activity at Weaver's residence. Marshals observed that Weaver and his family responded to vehicles and other visitors by taking up armed positions around the cabin until the visitors were recognized.

576:

with the county courthouse alleging that their personal enemies were plotting to provoke the FBI into attacking and killing the Weaver family. On May 6, the Weavers sent President Reagan a letter claiming that their enemies may have sent Reagan a threatening letter under a forged signature. No

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team said they were "strong" and a "departure from the ... standard deadly force policy", "inappropriate", and of a sort one "had never been given" before. The latter of these two members said that "other SWAT team members were taken aback by the Rules and that most of them clung to the FBI's

615:

In June 1990, Byerly attempted to use the sawed-off shotgun charge as leverage to get Weaver to act as an informant for his investigation into Aryan Nations. Weaver refused to become a "snitch", and the ATF filed the gun charges in June 1990. The ATF alleged that Weaver was a bank robber with

547:

In January 1985, the FBI and the Secret Service launched an investigation into allegations that Weaver had made threats against Reagan and other government and law enforcement officials. On February 12, Weaver and his wife were interviewed by two FBI agents, two Secret Service agents, and the

1063:

Agents are not to use deadly force against any person except as necessary in self-defense or the defense of another, when they have reason to believe that they or another are in danger of death or grievous bodily harm. Whenever feasible, verbal warnings should be given before deadly force is

4189:(1996), Ch. D. § 4.c., p. 88. Quoting from the report: "c. Legality of the Second Shot / The Subcommittee believes that the second shot was inconsistent with the FBI's standard deadly force policy and was unconstitutional. It was even inconsistent with the special Rules of Engagement. " 447:. Caribou Ridge lies north of it, and the area between them drains into the Ruby Creek. Weaver insisted that his cabin, located north of the creek, was on Caribou Ridge, and that "Ruby Ridge" was a press invention. Both ridge names were in use before the Weavers moved to the area, as in a 1284:, which involved the same agencies and many of the same officials. The Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Government Information held fourteen days of hearings on these incidents and allegations of misconduct, ending on October 19, 1995. The hearings were televised on 552:(an antisemitic, neo-Nazi, white supremacist terrorist organization) and that he had a large weapons cache at his residence. Weaver denied these allegations, and the government filed no charges. On three or four occasions, the Weavers had attended Aryan Nations meetings at 788:

on August 21–22, 1992. Also, in spite of Weiss's repeated denials that shots had been fired at his helicopter, Howen charged that, as Overt Act 32 of the Weavers' Conspiracy Against the Federal Government, Randy, Vicki, and Harris fired two shots at the Rivera helicopter.

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the negotiations cease. The U.S. Attorney directed that all negotiations go through Hofmeister, but Weaver refused to talk with him. Marshals began preparing plans to capture Weaver to stand trial on the weapons charges and his failure to appear at the correct trial date.

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change was that agencies required a law enforcement agent to have reasonable belief of an "imminent" danger of death or serious physical injury in order to use deadly force. This brought all federal LEA deadly force policies in line with the U.S. Supreme Court rulings

3769:(1994), Ch. IV., §E.2.a., pp. 128–131. US Border Patrol agents were among the respondents at Ruby Ridge, according to USMS Crisis Center logs, see footnote 454. Quote: By this time, agents from the U.S. Border Patrol, the Boundary County Sheriff's Office, and the 619:

The ATF concluded it would be too dangerous for agents to arrest Weaver at his property. In January 1991, ATF agents posed as broken-down motorists and arrested Weaver when he and Vicki stopped to assist. Weaver was told of the charges against him, released on

567:

The investigation noted that Weaver associated with Frank Kumnick, who was known to associate with members of Aryan Nations. Weaver told the investigators that neither he nor Kumnick was a member of Aryan Nations but he stated that Kumnick was "associated with

1039:"Any subjects other than Randy Weaver, Vicki Weaver, Kevin Harris presenting threat of death or grievous bodily harm FBI rules of deadly force apply. Deadly force can be utilized to prevent the death or grievous bodily injury to oneself or that of another." 1013:

FBI office was appointed Site Commander with responsibility for all active individuals from the FBI, ATF, and USMS. A stand-off ensued for eleven days, as several hundred federal agents surrounded the house, and negotiations for a surrender were attempted.

882:, observed that the government's position at trial was that Cooper had fired the shot. The Subcommittee engaged additional experts and ultimately declined to draw a final conclusion. The Justice Department's Ruby Ridge Task Force (RRTF) report to the 1686:

Report of the Ruby Ridge Task Force to the Office of Professional Responsibility [OPR] of Investigation of Allegations of Improper Governmental Conduct in the Investigation, Apprehension and Prosecution of Randall C. Weaver and Kevin L.

823:

were hoping the dog had noticed a game animal as the cabin was out of meat. The recon team (Roderick, Cooper, and Degan) initially retreated through the woods in radio contact with the OP team, but later took up hidden defensive positions.

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The attorney for Harris pressed Harris's civil suit for damages, but federal officials vowed that they would never pay someone who had killed a U.S. Marshal. In September 2000, Harris was awarded a $ 380,000 settlement by the government.

872: 413: 2643:(1994), Ch. IV., §B.2.c., p. 44f. "On February 20, Howen and defense counsel Hofmeister appeared before the U.S. district court judge Harold L. Ryan. At that time, Hofmeister told the court that he had been unable to contact Weaver." 1135:

dissenting. The DOJ's RRTF report said that the lack of a request for surrender before Agent Horiuchi's second shot was "inexcusable", as Harris and the Weavers were running for cover at the time and did not pose an imminent threat.

1789:

Report of the Ruby Ridge Task Force to the Office of Professional Responsibility of Investigation of Allegations of Improper Governmental Conduct in the Investigation, Apprehension and Prosecution of Randall C. Weaver and Kevin L.

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pose. If the Marshals made any attempt to assess the credibility of the various people who gave them information about Weaver, they never recorded their assessments. Thus, rather than maintaining the Threat Source Profile as a

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in an investigation after the events of Ruby Ridge revealed that Weaver had never been a Green Beret or a member of the Special Forces; it was possible he had received some general demolition training as a "combat engineer."

819:. DUSMs Art Roderick, Larry Cooper, and William F. "Bill" Degan formed the reconnaissance team, while DUSMs David Hunt, Joseph Thomas, and Frank Norris formed an observation post (OP) team on the ridge north of the cabin. 931:

testified that Roderick fired the shot or shots that killed Striker, that Degan fired the shot that hit Samuel in the right elbow, that Harris shot and killed Degan, and that Cooper "probably" shot and killed Samuel.

391:

Extensive litigation followed. Initially, Randy Weaver and Harris were tried on a variety of federal criminal charges, including first-degree murder for the death of Degan. In the successful defense, Weaver's attorney

1368:, who had been appointed as the special prosecutor, said that he vehemently disagreed with the decision. He suggested that the case could still be prosecuted if the Boundary County prosecutor later changed again. 1179:, to whom Weaver agreed to speak. Through Gritz's mediation, Harris, who had earlier urged Weaver to end his suffering, surrendered on August 30 (Sunday). He was removed via stretcher, and then he was flown by an 1170:

4. Weaver's defense. He ran down the hill to see what dog was barking at. Some guys in camys shot his dog. Started shooting at him. Killed his son. Harris did the shooting. He is in pretty strong legal position.

1210: 593:(ATF) first became aware of Weaver in July 1986, when he was introduced to a confidential ATF informant at a meeting at the World Aryan Congress. The informant portrayed himself as a weapons dealer working with 411:

formed the Ruby Ridge Task Force (RRTF) in an attempt to investigate Spence's charges; their report raised questions about all of the participating agencies' conduct and policies. Another inquiry was led by the

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his children and escape what he and his wife Vicki saw as a corrupted world." In 1978, Vicki, the religious leader of the family, began to have recurrent dreams of living on a mountaintop and believed that the

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The attached analysis, entitled PROJECT MEGIDDO, is an FBI strategic assessment of the potential for domestic terrorism in the United States undertaken in anticipation of or response to the arrival of the new

783:

Media reports that Weaver had fired on the Rivera helicopter became part of the justification later cited by U.S. Marshal Wayne "Duke" Smith and FBI HRT Commander Richard Rogers in drawing up the Ruby Ridge

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Beginning in February 1991, the USMS developed a Threat Source Profile on Weaver. Agents' failure to integrate new information into that profile was criticized in a 1995 report by a subcommittee of the

514:

In 1984, Randy Weaver and his neighbor Terry Kinnison had a dispute over a $ 3,000 land deal. Kinnison lost the ensuing lawsuit and was ordered to pay Weaver an additional $ 2,100 in court costs and

6098: 6068: 1288:. The internal 1994 Ruby Ridge Task Force Report and the public 1995 Senate subcommittee report on Ruby Ridge both criticized the rules of engagement by claiming that they were unconstitutional. 912:

Harris's and the federal agents' accounts differ as to who fired first. In the 1993 trial over charges in Degan's death, prosecutors alleged that Harris had fired the first shot. Harris asserted

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The was modified from "adult" to "adult male" to exclude Vicki Weaver around 2:30 or 3:00 p.m. after consultation with Glenn because Vicki Weaver was not seen at the site of Degan's slaying.

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By Saturday, August 22, special rules of engagement (ROE) were drafted and approved by FBI Headquarters and the Marshal Service for use on Ruby Ridge. According to the later RRTF report to the

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Deaths of Deputy U.S. Marshal W. F. Degan, Samuel Weaver (juvenile), Vicki Weaver, and Striker (dog); prosecution of Randy Weaver and Kevin Harris (later acquitted); civil suits against the US

2203: 6088: 1030:"If any adult in the area around the cabin is observed with a weapon after the surrender announcement had been made, deadly force could and should be used to neutralize the individual." 776:

newspaper, Weaver denied that anyone had fired at the helicopter. When interviewed by the FBI, the helicopter pilot Richard Weiss said that Weaver had not fired on his helicopter. The

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May 3, 1992, at 1. Deputy property on the day of the alleged shooting, but was unaware of any evidence that shots had been fired. See Report of Investigation by Mays, April 18, 1992.

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1994, to the DOJ Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR). (This RRTF report, originally available in a highly redacted form, later became available in a much more complete form.)

864:(striking and killing DUSM Degan). After the federal agents began firing, Samuel was killed by a shot to the back while retreating. Harris had fired the shot which killed DUSM Degan. 6078: 2999:

Smith reported that TV show host Geraldo Rivera had unsuccessfully attempted to interview Weaver and that there were unconfirmed reports that Weaver had fired at Rivera's helicopter

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by the defense, ballistics experts called by the prosecution testified that the physical evidence contradicted neither the prosecution's nor the defense's theories of the gunfight.

636: 4978:(Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, [Document] GAO/GGD-96-17) 2470: 1361: 664:

The USMS agreed to put off executing the warrant until after March 20 in order to see whether Weaver would show up in court on that day. If he were to show up on March 20, the

590: 397: 207: 1033:"If any adult male is observed with a weapon prior to the announcement deadly force can and should be employed if the shot could be taken without endangering any children." 4232: 5379: 2393: 6108: 6038: 5006: 1209:

arrested. Harris was in serious condition at Sacred Heart, but U.S. Marshals did not allow his parents to see him (or talk by telephone) until Monday evening, after a

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On August 21, 1992, six Marshals were sent to scout the area to determine suitable places away from the cabin to apprehend and arrest Weaver. The marshals, dressed in

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government did not admit that it had committed any wrongdoing in relation to the deaths of Samuel and Vicki. On the condition of anonymity, a DOJ official told

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Weaver and Harris were charged with a variety of offenses; their trial in U.S. District Court in Boise began in April 1993, and it was presided over by Judge

3137: 503:

to learn how to live without electricity. They bought twenty acres (8 ha) of land on Ruby Ridge in 1983 and began building a cabin; the property was in

440: 6004: 6113: 1740:§D. Marshals Service Activities Between August 17 and 21, 1992 (2. Statement of Facts, subsection c.; 3. Discussion, subsections a., c.; 4. Conclusion; or 6073: 5535: 3824:(1994), Ch. IV., §F.2.b., text before footnote 553, and again after footnote 714 (the latter of which corresponds to this numbered list); at pp. 163–172. 1572: 1087:

teams in action at the Ruby Ridge site. Denver SWAT team leader Gregory Sexton described them as "severe" and "inappropriate." Two members of the Denver

3567:(1998). Book-length source cited without page number or chapter, so content appearing at these footnoted locations is not yet traceable to this source. 1076:

On August 22, the second day of the siege, between 2:30 and 3:30 pm, the FBI HRT sniper/observer teams were briefed and deployed to the cabin on foot.

853:(at Roderick), Degan fired seven from an M16 (at Harris and Weaver, while moving at least 21 feet (6.4 m)), and Cooper fired six from a 9 mm 112: 5979: 3492: 1213:

order was issued. Weaver's daughters were released to the custody of relatives. Federal officials considered charging Sara, who was 16, as an adult.

6118: 2195: 1415:

claimed that their desire for revenge for the federal government's poor handling of the Ruby Ridge and Waco sieges motivated them to perpetrate the

5999: 5199: (9th Cir. June 5, 2001). Proceedings of December 20, 2000 to June 5, 2001; includes Special Rules of Engagement, and the dissent by Judge 375:

Harris shot and killed Deputy Marshal William Francis Degan Jr. Weaver, Harris, and members of Weaver's immediate family refused to surrender. The

3633: 1747:§F. FBI's Rules of Engagement and Operations on August 21 and 22, 1992 (2. Statement of Facts, subsections a.-g.; 3. Discussion, subsection a; or 1405: 1350: 780:(1994) said, when the "indictment was presented to the grand jury, the prosecution had evidence that no shots had been fired at the helicopter." 186: 5990: 688:

When the Weaver case passed from the ATF to the USMS, no one informed the marshals that the ATF had attempted to solicit Weaver as an informant.

4619: 5011:

See also p. 3, "Both Treasury and Justice define 'deadly force' as use of any force that is likely to cause death or serious physical injury."

1779:

Note, other nearly identical sources of the same content are available online, e.g., differing only in terms of header or introductory content.

1533:(2018), referred to this incident, noting her own family's preparations to defend their isolated home against a potential siege by "the Feds". 836: 846:(which killed "Striker", the dog, by entering his body two inches from the dog's anus, and exiting the chest), then Samuel fired three from a 5880: 4039: 1124: 1084: 883: 408: 5985: 5804:

Note, the author and date of publication do not appear on the title page or mast head of the document, but are inferred from other sources.

278: 4747: 2468: 1120: 1080: 1023: 665: 2366: 6033: 5657: 5633: 5489: 4242: 4215: 3669: 2946: 2576: 2376: 2108: 1878: 1229: 734: 401: 4414: 4205: 3659: 1860:

Ruby Ridge: Report of the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Government, Information of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary

1420: 407:

The behavior of federal agents during these events drew intense scrutiny. At the end of Weaver's trial, the Department of Justice's

5840:

police, causing fire, the deaths of eleven occupants, and destruction of 65 houses in the West Philadelphia neighborhood. See also

2939:

Ruby Ridge: Report of the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Government Information of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary

1754:§H. Law Enforcement Operations at Ruby Ridge From August 22, 1992 Until August 31, 1992 (2. Statement of Facts, subsection b.); and 451:

report on the 1967 Sundance Fire. The standoff occurred approximately ten miles (16 km) from the nearest incorporated city of

2310:

Schwartz, Stephen H. (executive producer, TLC); Nealon, Jon (producer); Zirnkilton, Steven (narrator) et al. (May 22, 2004).

5918:

headquarters in Philadelphia, which killed 11, and the shootings of Randy Weaver's wife and son at Ruby Ridge. Bill Kurtis hosts.

5915: 5756: 5165: 5069: 4984: 4970: 1597: 1315:

for destroying a report which was critical of the agency's role at Ruby Ridge. He was sentenced to 18 months and a $ 4,000 fine.

6093: 3440: 2762: 2708:(1994), Ch. IV., §B.2.b.(2), pp. 40–43. "Indeed, it was not until over a year later that the marshals learned of this action." 1505: 1441: 1419:. On April 19, 1995, the second anniversary of the fire that ended the Waco siege, they detonated a truck bomb in front of the 519: 380: 212: 3087:

On or about April 18, 1992, Randall C. Weaver, Vicki Weaver, or Kevin L. Harris shot at or near a helicopter and its occupants

314: 5943: 5766: 5742: 5716: 5694: 4629: 4422: 4348: 3909: 1966: 1938: 1634: 531: 360: 192: 661:(USMS) and Weaver's attorney, informing them both of the error. Judge Ryan, however, refused to withdraw the bench warrant. 2439: 1801: 867:

The origin of the shot that killed Samuel was of critical concern in all investigations. At the time of the writing of the

691:

As the law enforcement arm of the federal court, the USMS were responsible to arrest and bring in Weaver, now considered a

3734: 2968:

Memorandum by Deputy Attorney General Jamie Gorelick, dated April 5, 1995, cited in U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism

1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 5914:

series, episode 047 – "Deadly Force": A look at controversial law enforcement policy. Features the police bombing of the

1997:"Weaver's Lawyers Say Warrant Was Invalid -- Court Clerk Testifies That Suspect Was Given Wrong Date | The Seattle Times" 1809: 1805: 959: 842:

A later ballistics report showed that nineteen rounds were fired during the fight. DUSM Roderick fired one shot from an

733:

Many of the people the USMS used as third party go-betweens on the Weaver case—Bill and Judy Grider, Alan Jeppeson, and

523: 448: 217: 1092:

standard deadly force policy." Another team member responded to the briefing on the ROE with "ou've gotta be kidding."

2343: 541: 202: 31: 5598: 5309: 3994: 2126: 6013: 5933: 5590: 4003: 3606: 3304: 6053: 5969: 5948: 5816: 1592: 988: 717: 5784: 3145: 1659: 3332: 1577: 1488: 631:

On February 5, the trial date was changed from February 19 to 20 to give participants more travel time following

548:

Boundary County sheriff and his chief investigator. The Secret Service had been told that Weaver was a member of

227: 890:

The evidence suggests, but does not establish, that the shot that killed Samuel Weaver was fired by DUSM Cooper.

6043: 5115:

Court: Settlement in Weaver case reflects loss of mother, son in Ruby Ridge incident. But wrongdoing is denied.

2039: 1737:§C. Efforts by the Marshals Service to Effect the Arrest of Weaver (2. Statement of Facts, subsections a., g.); 998: 499:

was imminent. After the birth of their son, Samuel, the Weavers began selling their belongings and visited the

222: 3796: 2235: 2224: 443:

is the southernmost of four ridges that extend east from the Bottleneck/Roman Nose mountain range toward the

6123: 3441:"Marshal Killed Weaver's Son At Ruby Ridge Tests Confirm Bullet Came From Federal Agent's Gun, Says Sheriff" 1654: 1463: 1200: 1180: 773: 467: 5290: 5271: 5252: 5233: 5214: 5128: 4935: 4863: 4822: 4728: 4709: 4690: 4600: 4563: 4541: 4522: 4503: 4484: 4465: 4387: 4262: 3100: 3012: 2614: 1996: 6103: 5652:. New York: Simon and Schuster/Pocket Books. pp. 398–403, 410, 444, 465–477, 490, 561–564, 580, 590. 5050: 4881: 4844: 4803: 4671: 4581: 4368: 3500: 3119: 1312: 669: 504: 356: 5146: 5097: 4649: 4284: 2172: 1328:

that he believed that the Weavers would have probably won the full amount if the case had gone to trial.

4446: 1628: 1416: 876: 658: 425: 5704: 5000: 2490:

Siegler, Kirk. “How What Happened 25 Years Ago At Ruby Ridge Still Matters Today.” NPR, 18 Aug. 2017.

2319: 1684: 1253: 1183: 984: 980: 676:

on March 14. The USAO did not inform the grand jury of Richins's letter and the grand jury issued an

396:

accused the agencies that were involved of criminal wrongdoing, in particular the FBI, the USMS, the

2615:"Weaver's lawyers say warrant was invalid – court clerk testifies that suspect was given wrong date" 947:

guest cabin near the main cabin. From 11:15 a.m. onward, Hunt reported to the Crisis Center in

5925: 5871:

Randy Weaver and the Siege at Ruby Ridge have been the focus of numerous documentaries, including:

5026: 4310: 4143: 3695: 3582: 3467: 3361: 2500: 2280: 1649: 1500: 1298: 1194: 1002: 861: 812: 808: 785: 695:. Weaver simply stayed in his remote home, threatening to resist any attempt to take him by force. 376: 4766: 792:

Operation "Northern Exposure" was suspended for three months due to the confirmation hearings for

5896: 5790:(Report). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. p. 21 5314: 5074: 4207:

Allegiance to Liberty: The Changing Face of Patriots, Militias, and Political Violence in America

3770: 2770: 2132: 2045: 1618: 1587: 1384: 1186: 992: 976: 553: 483: 197: 5843: 5454: 4306: 4139: 3691: 3578: 3463: 632: 1800:

This source exists as a series of PDF files of the full but heavily redacted report, including

1268:, because he had been acquitted of the same charge in the federal criminal trial in 1993. 1156:, who did not know that Vicki Weaver had been killed, wrote a memo with the following content: 772:

helicopter near the Weaver property, but not that any shots were heard. In an interview with a

76:

USMS surveillance photo showing Sammy Weaver (right), Kevin Harris (center), Sara Weaver (left)

5833: 5762: 5738: 5712: 5690: 5653: 5629: 5485: 5102: 4774: 4625: 4418: 4344: 4238: 4211: 4064: 4035: 3905: 3901: 3665: 3229: 3167: 2942: 2819: 2572: 2566: 2372: 2104: 1962: 1934: 1874: 1567: 1517: 1512: 1511:

The standoff, including the shooting of Vicki Weaver, is featured in the first episode of the

1233: 1217: 968: 924: 640: 605: 538: 527: 5479: 4125: 4029: 3261: 3224: 2593: 5910: 5358: 5032: 1613: 1582: 1536:

The Ruby Ridge incident was the subject of the first season of the narrative podcast series

1304: 1221: 1132: 948: 668:

claimed that all indications are that the warrant would have been dropped. But instead, the

609: 594: 577:

evidence of such a letter surfaced, but in 1992, the prosecutor cited the 1985 letter as an

561: 456: 3070: 2896: 2870: 2844: 2793: 2679: 2653: 2526: 1394:, Sara Weaver said that she forgives the federal agents who killed her mother and brother. 6017: 5973: 5937: 5196: 2474: 2159: 1623: 1603: 1529: 1471: 1408: 1387:. Sara and the other two Weaver daughters are employed there. In 2012, after she became a 1265: 1257: 796: 726: 652: 557: 421: 53: 5405: 4059: 4058:

Hewitt, Bill; Nelson, Margaret; Haederle, Michael; Slavin, Barbara (September 25, 1995).

5459:. Edgar J. Scherick Associates, Regan Company, Victor Television Productions (producers) 4340:

Ambush at Ruby Ridge: How Government Agents Set Randy Weaver Up and Took His Family Down

1757:§L. Scope of the Indictment and Alleged Prosecutorial Misconduct Before the Grand Jury ( 1730:§B. The Failure of Weaver to Appear for Trial (2. Statement of Facts, subsection c.; or 5906: 5726: 4976:

Use of Force: ATF Policy, Training and Review Process Are Comparable to DEA's and FBI's

1644: 1483: 1461:

as Randy. Later that year the television series was adapted as a full-length TV movie,

1365: 1152:

On about Monday, August 24, the fourth day of the siege, FBI Deputy Assistant Director

1068:

This was in stark contrast to the permissive ROE adopted for the Ruby Ridge stand-off.

1010: 928: 847: 764: 444: 368: 5929:: "Ruby Ridge", episode S29E07, February 14, 2017. (This episode is also available on 2982: 2721: 1311:

In 1997, Michael Kahoe, the chief of the FBI's violent crimes section, pled guilty to

6027: 5682: 5643: 5623: 5531:"FOX three-part series on Ruby Ridge will include interviews with Daily Times editor" 5200: 4407: 4338: 3896:

Every Knee Shall Bow: The Truth and Tragedy of Ruby Ridge and the Randy Weaver Family

3894: 1538: 1524: 1454: 1412: 1153: 1128: 1105: 879: 854: 850: 647: 625: 549: 534: 508: 491: 452: 429: 299: 105: 4092: 3426:

Quoting from the RRTF report cited in the preceding. From subsection subsection 4.,

5900: 5837: 5619: 5567: 1639: 1391: 1345: 1341: 1249: 1245: 1225: 1108: 972: 913: 475: 393: 384: 364: 1308:, 490 U.S. 386 (1989), which applied to state and local law enforcement agencies. 1236:

jail and arraigned in federal court the following day, Tuesday, September 1.

826: 5647: 5505: 2938: 1956: 1858: 1083:, there were various views and interpretations taken of these ROEs by members of 1492: 1475: 1458: 1204:

Bo Gritz and FBI agents escort Randy Weaver down the mountain on August 31, 1992

1006: 898: 751: 526:, and the county sheriff in which he alleged that Weaver had threatened to kill 383:(FBI HRT) became involved as the siege was mounted. In the standoff, FBI sniper 2173:"Opening Statement of Louis J. Freeh, Director Federal Bureau of Investigation" 1916:§ 4. Two Shots Taken by Sniper/Observer on August 22, 1992 (subsection c.) 894:

It was concluded there was no indication he intended to kill or injure Weaver.

650:

for failure to appear in court. On February 26, Ken Keller, a reporter for the

5752: 2249:

Aryan Cowboys: White Supremacists and the Search for a New Frontier, 1970-2000

2021: 1664: 1550: 1450: 1436: 1388: 1281: 677: 673: 496: 417: 5453:

Young, Roger (director), Chetwynd, Lionel (screenwriter) et al. (2007).

4778: 3185:

was carrying camera equipment, so he elected to take only his service weapon.

455:

and approximately thirty miles (48 km) south of the border with Canada (

127: 114: 4334: 1340:

In 1997, Boundary County prosecutor Denise Woodbury indicted FBI HRT sniper

917: 816: 578: 573: 17: 5731: 4974: 2196:"Terror in Oklahoma: Religion; Assault on Waco Sect Fuels Extremists' Rage" 1478:

addressed the events at Ruby Ridge in his song "The Ballad of Ruby Ridge".

5350: 3414:

Quoting from the RRTF report cited in the preceding. From subsection 3.c.:

2022:"Ruby Ridge | History, Facts, Aftermath, & Map | Britannica" 6010: 5930: 5687:

The First Canary: The Inside Story of Ruby Ridge and A Decade Of Cover Up

5572: 5354: 4097: 2937:

U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism Technology and Government (1996).

2236:

U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Caribou Ridge

1857:

U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism Technology and Government (1996).

1424:

up to 55 miles (89 km) away; over a third of the building was destroyed.

1176: 692: 643:

that he had been unable to reach Weaver before the scheduled court date.

5962: 5892:

Produced by KPOC-TV 1995; VHS tape distributed by The FOREND Times, Inc.

5431: 3634:"The Federal Response To Oregon Occupation May Have Roots In Ruby Ridge" 2311: 1873:

Reproduced in published book form by Diane Publishing, Collingdale, PA,

1175:

The stand-off was ultimately resolved by civilian negotiators including

507:

on a hillside on Ruby Creek opposite Caribou Ridge, northwest of nearby

414:

Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology, and Government Information

69: 5884: 4621:

Others Unknown Timothy Mcveigh And The Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy

3527:"Rebuking the U.S., Jury Acquits 2 In Marshal's Killing in Idaho Siege" 873:

Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Government Information

515: 471:

A prominent sign on the Weaver's property showing their religious views

4971:

GAO Staff: Rabkin, Norman J.; Harris, Daniel C.; Hamilton, Geoffrey R.

2225:

U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Ruby Ridge

1356:

The decision to dismiss charges was reversed (6–5) in 2001 by an

1197:. Weaver allowed the removal of his wife's body, which Gritz oversaw. 1285: 858: 4888:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. October 3, 1997. p. 4A. 830:

The body of Striker after he was shot and killed by Marshal Roderick

604:

In October 1989, the ATF claimed that Weaver sold the informant two

3243:

How government agents set Randy Weaver up and took his family down.

6064:

Animals shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States

1546:

ran as a stand-alone miniseries hosted by journalist Ruth Graham.

1199: 958: 905:

concludes that Cooper fired the bullet that killed Samuel Weaver.

843: 825: 646:

When Weaver did not appear in court on February 20, Ryan issued a

500: 487: 466: 335: 6059:

People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States

3865:"Permissive Rules of Engagement' at Issue in Ruby Ridge Shooting" 3658:

Vohryzek, Miki; Olson-Raymer, Gayle; Whamond, Jeffery O. (2001).

2368:

The Devil's Advocates: Greatest Closing Arguments in Criminal Law

2266:, Research Paper, United States Department of Agriculture, INT-56 1609:

List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States

5566:

Morganthau, Tom; Isikoff, Michael; Cohn, Bob (August 28, 1995).

4409:

In God's Country: The Patriot Movement and the Pacific Northwest

3936:(1994), Ch. IV., §F.2.c., from footnote 614 to 616, pp. 173–183. 1088: 621: 581:

of the Weaver family conspiracy against the federal government.

479: 5921: 5851: 4181: 4179: 3661:

Domestic Terrorism and Incident Management: Issues and Tactics

1433: 1380:(1998), about the incident, which was published in paperback. 1292: 1046:

As noted in a footnote to the report in this crucial section:

5380:"Ruby Ridge Standoff: Randy Weaver has died at the age of 74" 5051:"FBI Agent Gets Prison Term for Destroying Ruby Ridge Report" 3499:. New York: American Lawyer Media. p. 12. Archived from 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 1059:

The FBI rules of deadly force in effect in 1992 stated that:

909:

proving DUSM Cooper shot Weaver in the back as he retreated.

4748:"Former fugitive Randy Weaver freed after 16 months in jail" 2101:

Ruby Ridge: The Truth and Tragedy of the Randy Weaver Family

1958:

Ruby Ridge: The Truth and Tragedy of the Randy Weaver Family

1009:

to Idaho. Special Agent in Charge (SAC) Eugene Glenn of the

903:

Ruby Ridge: The Truth and Tragedy of the Randy Weaver Family

486:

soldier, moved with his wife and four children to northern

5625:

From Freedom To Slavery: The Rebirth of Tyranny in America

4942:. (Idaho). Associated Press. October 20, 1995. p. 2C. 1144:

Situational reevaluation, ROE is suspended, the siege ends

967:

In the aftermath of the gunfight on August 21 at 11:20 am

556:, where there was a compound for government resisters and 355:

was the siege of a cabin occupied by the Weaver family in

5166:"F.B.I. Agent Can Be Charged In Idaho Siege, Court Rules" 4917: 4915: 4582:"Jury begins deliberations today in Weaver, Harris trial" 3493:"Randy Weaver: Siege at Ruby Ridge [23 Chapters]" 3046:(1994), Ch. IV., §L.3.a., and footnote 1196, pp. 359-365. 2568:

Christian Identity: The Aryan American Bloodline Religion

1863:(Report). Washington, DC: U.S. Senate. pp. 154 pages 1445:, aired on May 19 and 21, 1996. It was based on the book 6000:

CBS News November 25, 2002, "FBI Whistleblower Harassed"

5967:

excerpts from Chapter 2, about the trial of Randy Weaver

1280:

Questions persisted about Ruby Ridge and the subsequent

1100:

Sniper shoots: R. Weaver is wounded, V. Weaver is killed

5649:

No Heroes: Inside the FBI's Secret Counter-Terror Force

5215:"Court: FBI shooter can be tried in Ruby Ridge slaying" 5153:. (Idaho). Associated Press. May 16, 1998. p. 10A. 5070:"Separatist Family Given $ 3.1 Million from Government" 4588:. (Idaho). Associated Press. June 16, 1993. p. 4C. 4466:"Weaver says federal agents killed wife in retaliation" 3840:(1994), Ch. IV., §F.2.b., footnote 553, in pp. 163–172. 3832: 3830: 2318:. Discovery Communications, Reality Productions Group. 1902:§ 5. August 21, 1992 Firefight (subsections a.–c.) 1848:, all via Justice.gov, all. Retrieved February 8, 2017. 371:

for his failure to appear on federal firearms charges.

3144:. Washington Examiner. August 20, 2009. Archived from 2434: 60:

Vicki Weaver as seen from a USMS surveillance position

5015:, this report does not explicitly mention Rudy Ridge. 4031:

Police State: How America's Cops Get Away with Murder

3033:(1994), Ch. IV., §C.2.g.(2), footnote 246, pp. 78–80. 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 1697:(Report). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. 1397:

Randy Weaver died on May 11, 2022, at the age of 74.

1216:

Weaver was transferred by military helicopter to the

1036:"If compromised by any dog the dog can be taken out." 939:

As described by Randy and Sara Weaver, in their book

857:(at Harris and Weaver), Harris then fired two from a 3887: 3885: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 1889:

Chapters and sections cited from this work include:

1706:

Chapters and sections cited from this work include:

1228:. There he was given a brief medical examination at 1043:(From the sworn statement of FBI SAC Eugene Glenn). 6099:

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

6069:

American police officers killed in the line of duty

5310:"F.B.I. Agent To Be Spared Prosecution in Shooting" 5270:Clouse, Thomas; Drumheller, Susan (June 15, 2001). 5036:, 490 U.S. 386 (1989). See GAO Staff (March 1996), 4897: 4895: 4829:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. p. 4A. 4754:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. p. 1A. 4716:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. p. 4A. 4678:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. p. 5A. 4656:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. p. 1A. 4491:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. p. 1A. 4375:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. p. 1A. 4315:. Season 29. Episode 6. Event occurs at 45:15. PBS 4291:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. p. 1A. 4148:. Season 29. Episode 6. Event occurs at 30:00. PBS 3700:. Season 29. Episode 6. Event occurs at 26:20. PBS 3587:. Season 29. Episode 6. Event occurs at 23:33. PBS 3472:. Season 29. Episode 6. Event occurs at 24:30. PBS 3126:. (Idaho-Washington). Associated Press. p. 1A. 2763:"Marshals Know He's There But Leave Fugitive Alone" 2127:"F.B.I. Agent to Be Spared Prosecution in Shooting" 1383:The Weaver family, including Randy, later moved to 987:and, after an initial delay, to use National Guard 572:." On February 28, Randy and Vicki Weaver filed an 267: 240: 159: 151: 143: 99: 91: 41: 6084:Law enforcement controversies in the United States 5844:"Philadelphia MOVE Bombing Still Haunts Survivors" 5730: 5098:"U.S. to Pay $ 3.1 Million for '92 Idaho Shootout" 4406: 3893: 3863:Lardner Jr, George; Lei, Richard (July 14, 1995). 3168:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part D)" 3071:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part L)" 2983:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part E)" 2897:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part C)" 2871:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part C)" 2845:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part C)" 2794:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part B)" 2680:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part B)" 2654:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part B)" 2527:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part L)" 2501:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part A)" 2281:"DOJR - IV. Specific Issues Investigated (Part A)" 2125: 2038: 1549:In 2020, the incident was featured in a season of 1498:In 2017, it was the focus of the 323rd episode of 5890:Atrocities at Ruby Ridge: the Randy Weaver Story, 4485:"Jury ready to deliberate in Weaver murder trial" 3761: 3759: 2103:(1st trade pbk. ed.). New York: ReganBooks. 1931:The Federal Siege at Ruby Ridge: In Our Own Words 1495:says that he was at Ruby Ridge during the siege. 1104:Before the negotiators arrived at the cabin, FBI 1072:Deployment of sniper/observers, ROE understanding 30:"Ruby Ridge" redirects here. For other uses, see 5986:CBS News August 10, 2001, "New Ruby Ridge Probe" 5351:"20 Years After Ruby Ridge, There's Forgiveness" 3138:"Crime History - Marshals descend on Ruby Ridge" 2365:Lief, Michael S.; Caldwell, H. Mitchell (2007). 570:The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord 359:, in August 1992. On August 21, deputies of the 6089:Law enforcement operations in the United States 5944:Season 1, Episode 1: "The Legend of Ruby Ridge" 4689:Miller, Dean; Walter, Jess (October 19, 1993). 3520: 3518: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 1158: 1061: 1048: 888: 743: 5817:"1985 Bombing in Philadelphia Still Unsettled" 5189:For the Appeals Court ruling on Horiuchi, see 4261:Walter, Jess; Morlin, Bill (August 31, 1992). 4165: 4163: 3923:The link to this title is to the 1996 edition. 3355: 3353: 2716: 2714: 2298:that Weaver had training as a combat engineer. 763:Following a flyover by a hired helicopter for 6079:Federal Bureau of Investigation controversies 5709:Cold Zero: Inside the FBI Hostage Rescue Team 5291:"Prosecutor will drop charges against sniper" 3405:(1994), Ch. IV., §D.3.c. and 4., pp. 125–127. 1792:. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. 8: 5005:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4936:"Reno draws criticism at Ruby Ridge hearing" 2275: 2273: 2264:Sundance Fire: An Analysis of Fire Phenomena 1055:ROE as a "green light" to "shoot on sight". 1026:(1994), the Ruby Ridge ROE were as follows: 420:roughly six months later were both cited by 5539:. Blount County, Tennessee. January 9, 2020 5040:, op. cit. (immediately preceding citation) 4665: 4663: 4643: 4641: 4362: 4360: 4300: 4298: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3664:. Charles C Thomas Publisher. p. 175. 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 1376:Randy Weaver and his daughter, Sara, wrote 1224:and from there he was flown by USMS jet to 4838: 4836: 4797: 4795: 4557: 4555: 4256: 4254: 3607:"Ruby Ridge Figure Disputes U.S. Marshals" 3013:"Helicopter shot at near fugitive's cabin" 2609: 2607: 2605: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 1787:Ridge Task Force (November 9, 2006 rel.) . 1573:2003 standoff in Abbeville, South Carolina 1248:. In mid-June, Weaver's defense attorney, 1140:be fired without a request for surrender. 1018:Special ROE and sniper/observer deployment 147:Failure of Randy Weaver to appear in court 38: 5733:The Bureau: The Secret History of the FBI 5432:"The Siege at Ruby Ridge (TV Movie 1996)" 5349:Geranios, Nicholas K. (August 20, 2012). 4278: 4276: 4053: 4051: 3983: 3981: 3949:(1994), Ch. IV., §F.2.a.–g., pp. 156–193. 3326: 3324: 3322: 3255: 3253: 3251: 2040:"18 Months in Jail for White Supremacist" 1272:Federal investigations of law enforcement 610:shorter than the limit set by federal law 5297:. (Idaho). Associated Press. p. 1A. 5240:. (Idaho). Associated Press. p. 9A. 5221:. (Idaho). Associated Press. p. 1A. 5135:. (Idaho). Associated Press. p. 1A. 4983:(Report). Washington, DC: United States 4882:"Charges against Kevin Harris dismissed" 4601:"Weaver's, Harris' fate rests with jury" 4453:. (Idaho). Associated Press. p. 1A. 3107:. (Idaho). Associated Press. p. 1A. 2467:Egan, Timothy. (p. 3, August 30, 1992). 979:in Boundary County, allowing use of the 398:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms 6109:August 1992 events in the United States 6039:1992 controversies in the United States 5289:Geranios, Nicholas K. (June 15, 2001). 5129:"Charges filed in Ruby Ridge shootings" 4952:U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism, 4823:"County to prosecute FBI agent, Harris" 4523:"Weaver painted as prophet of violence" 4199: 4197: 4195: 4185:U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism, 3388:U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism, 3285:U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Terrorism, 2747:"Feds Have Fugitive 'Under Our Nose'". 2394:"Randy Weaver's Return From Ruby Ridge" 2033: 2031: 1988: 1961:. New York: Regan Books/HarperCollins. 1683:Ruby Ridge Task Force (June 10, 1994). 794:United States Marshals Service Director 591:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms 5251:Drumheller, Susan (November 8, 2000). 5234:"Weaver cheers appeals court's ruling" 4998: 4960:(1994), appearing in the Bibliography. 4708:Kreller, Kathleen (October 19, 1993). 4618:Jones, Stephen; Israel, Peter (2001). 4388:"Agents leave Ruby Ridge to residents" 4124: (9th Cir. June 5, 2001), 3962:(1994), Ch. IV., §F.3.a., pp. 200–208. 3900:. New York: HarperPaperbacks. p. 3333:"Next Siege Probe For Congress: Idaho" 3331:Worthington, Rogers (August 6, 1995). 2338: 2336: 1544:Standoff: What Happened at Ruby Ridge? 1491:, episode 7, "Identity" (2007). Agent 1439:about the Ruby Ridge incident, titled 1164:1. Charge against Weaver is Bull S___. 608:, with the overall length of the guns 5591:"The Nightmare of Idaho's Ruby Ridge" 5589:Witkin, Gordon (September 11, 1995). 5259:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A20. 5147:"Weaver says dismissal's no surprise" 5096:Ostrow, Ronald J. (August 16, 1995). 4851:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A12. 4845:"Prosecutor steps into the spotlight" 4447:"Weaver comes down from the mountain" 3990:"The Nightmare of Idaho's Ruby Ridge" 3988:Witkin, Gordon (September 11, 1995). 3735:"Report of the Ruby Ridge Task Force" 2440:"Report of the Ruby Ridge Task Force" 1166:2. No one saw Weaver do any shooting. 1125:Office of Professional Responsibility 951:, that no further gunfire was heard. 884:Office of Professional Responsibility 601:", referring to the U.S. government. 409:Office of Professional Responsibility 388:daughters surrendered the next day. 7: 6049:Armed standoffs in the United States 5308:Verhovek, Sam Howe (June 15, 2001). 5278:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 5253:"Boundary sheriff loses to sergeant" 5068:Labaton, Stephen (August 16, 1995). 4870:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4810:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4735:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4697:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4607:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4570:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4548:. (Spokane, Washington). p. B1. 4529:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4510:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4472:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4445:Wiley, John K. (September 1, 1992). 4394:. (Spokane, Washington). p. B1. 4386:Guthrey, Molly (September 2, 1992). 4367:Wiley, John K. (September 1, 1992). 4305:Goodman, Barak (February 14, 2017). 4269:. (Spokane, Washington). p. A1. 4138:Goodman, Barak (February 14, 2017). 3690:Goodman, Barak (February 14, 2017). 3577:Goodman, Barak (February 14, 2017). 3462:Goodman, Barak (February 14, 2017). 3392:(1996), Ch. B. § 5.b., pp. 46f. 3299:Albright, Syd (September 14, 2014). 3213:(1994), Ch. IV., §D.3.a.(4), p. 121. 3200:(1994), Ch. IV., §D.2.c.(2), p. 112. 3019:. (Spokane, Washington). p. B1. 2206:from the original on August 18, 2018 2124:Verhovek, Sam Howe (June 15, 2001). 1929:Weaver, Randy; Weaver, Sara (1998). 1449:by reporter Jess Walter. It starred 1168:3. Vicki has no charges against her. 1115:Constitutionality of the second shot 1079:According to the RRTF report to the 83:Both photos taken on August 21, 1992 5976:, (Spence was his defense attorney) 5903:/ New York Times, October 26, 2014. 4765:Mattos, Jenifer (August 22, 1997). 4483:Kreller, Kathleen (June 15, 1993). 3632:Martin, Rachel (January 31, 2016). 1709:I. Introduction / Executive Summary 424:as his motivation to carry out the 27:1992 standoff and shootout in Idaho 6114:Sieges involving the United States 6020:, American Patriot Friends Network 5192:State of Idaho v. Lon T. Horiuchi 5127:Wiley, John K. (August 22, 1997). 4862:Keating, Kevin (October 3, 1997). 4843:Keating, Kevin (August 22, 1997). 4821:Wiley, John K. (August 22, 1997). 4802:Keating, Kevin (August 22, 1997). 4746:Warbis, Mark (December 17, 1993). 4727:Miller, Dean (December 18, 1993). 4670:Kreller, Kathleen (July 9, 1993). 4648:Kreller, Kathleen (July 8, 1993). 4464:Miller, Dean (September 2, 1992). 4121:State of Idaho v. Lon T. Horiuchi 4091:Newsweek Staff (August 28, 1995). 3853:(1994), Ch. IV., §F., pp. 155–228. 3099:Wiley, John K. (August 22, 1992). 2751:. Spokane, WA: A19. March 1, 1992. 2621:. Associated Press. April 23, 1993 2194:Niebuhr, Gustav (April 26, 1995). 1933:. Ruby Ridge, ID: Ruby Ridge Inc. 1909:D. Federal Bureau of Investigation 1542:. The four-episode season, titled 999:FBI Headquarters in Washington, DC 321: 285: 25: 6074:Gun politics in the United States 5815:Moore, Martha T. (May 11, 2005). 4599:Foster, J. Todd (June 16, 1993). 4562:Foster, J. Todd (June 15, 1993). 4415:Washington State University Press 4283:Ashton, Linda (August 31, 1992). 4263:"Harris gives up; Weavers remain" 3975:(1994), Ch. IV., §F.2.f., p. 188. 3797:"Ruby Ridge standoff: A timeline" 3786:(1994), Ch. IV., §H.2.b., p. 235. 3554:(1994), Ch. IV., §D., pp. 96–127. 3439:Morlin, Bill (October 23, 1997). 3101:"U.S. deputy marshal gunned down" 2820:"DOJR - VI. Chronology of events" 2344:"Ruby Ridge, Part One: Suspicion" 2162: (9th Cir. June 5, 2001). 1421:Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building 1349:dismissed the case on grounds of 1131:, chair, concurred, with Senator 963:Protestors supporting the Weavers 684:U.S. Marshals Service involvement 628:within the federal court system. 5842:Sullivan, Laura (May 16, 2005). 5758:Them: Adventures with Extremists 4767:"Double Jeopardy at Ruby Ridge?" 4343:. Collingdale, PA: Diane Books. 1895:B. United States Marshal Service 1723:IV. Specific Issues Investigated 1598:Critical Incident Response Group 518:. Kinnison wrote letters to the 490:during the 1980s so they could " 320: 313: 284: 277: 68: 52: 6119:Neo-Nazism in the United States 5995:, May 11, 2001, with T. McVeigh 5875:"Ruby Ridge Investigation", by 5689:. Big Pine Publishing Company. 5406:"Timothy McVeigh Biography.com" 5213:Kravets, David (June 6, 2001). 5164:Nieves, Evelyn (June 6, 2001). 4710:"Weaver sentenced to 18 months" 4564:"Stage set for final arguments" 4540:Miller, Dean (April 17, 1993). 4521:Miller, Dean (April 15, 1993). 4504:"Authorities gear up for trial" 4502:Walter, Jess (April 14, 1993). 3301:"Idaho's tragedy at Ruby Ridge" 3118:Wiley, John (August 24, 1992). 3011:Morlin, Bill (April 23, 1992). 1442:Ruby Ridge: An American Tragedy 1378:The Federal Siege at Ruby Ridge 520:Federal Bureau of Investigation 402:United States Attorney's Office 381:Federal Bureau of Investigation 6005:"Idaho vs Randy Weaver" (2006) 4624:. PublicAffairs. p. 331. 3525:Egan, Timothy (July 9, 1993). 3360:Lynch, Tim (August 21, 2002). 2766:(print and online publication) 1635:Posse Comitatus (organization) 1481:Ruby Ridge was the subject of 361:United States Marshals Service 1: 5478:Bonine, Richard Pray (1999). 5412:. A&E Television Networks 5232:Wilson, Mike (June 6, 2001). 5030:, 471 U.S. 1, 18 (1985), and 5024:The rulings referred to are 4958:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 4923:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 4903:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 4672:"Jurors examined every scrap" 4542:"Defense mistrial bid denied" 4173:(1994), Ch. I., §B., pp. 2–6. 4171:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3973:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3960:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3947:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3934:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3851:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3838:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3822:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3784:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3767:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3552:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3511:– via CrimeLibrary.com. 3403:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3337:tribunedigital-chicagotribune 3211:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3198:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3120:"Marshal murdered on the run" 3044:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 3031:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 2706:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 2641:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 2392:Hull, Anne (April 30, 2001). 991:(APCs). Soon thereafter, the 803:Encounter near Weaver's cabin 778:Report of the RRTF to the OPR 304:Show map of the United States 5982:, U Missouri-Kansas City Law 5599:U.S. News & World Report 5272:"No last shot at Ruby Ridge" 4973:; et al. (March 1996). 3995:U.S. News & World Report 3266:. Rj Parker Publishing, Inc. 2941:(Report). Diane Publishing. 2598:. Rj Parker Publishing, Inc. 2565:Quarles, Chester L. (2004). 2247:Schlater, Evelyn A. (2006). 1406:American domestic terrorists 1302:, 471 U.S. 1, 18 (1985) and 599:Zionist Organized Government 5685:; Brown, Jackie J. (2000). 5646:; Shannon, Elaine (2001) . 5555:Further reading and viewing 4691:"Weaver gets 18-month term" 4650:"Weaver cleared in slaying" 4285:"End to siege drawing near" 2175:. fas.org. October 19, 1995 1240:Trials of Weaver and Harris 1191:Sacred Heart Medical Center 1001:, responded by sending the 32:Ruby Ridge (disambiguation) 6140: 5972:February 11, 2021, at the 5949:Secret Rulers of the World 5946:of the documentary series 5832:Relates Ruby Ridge to the 5568:"The Echoes of Ruby Ridge" 5506:"Slate Presents: Standoff" 4925:(2006) , see Bibliography. 4405:Neiwert, David A. (1999). 4237:. McFarland. p. 154. 4204:Balleck, Barry J. (2014). 4093:"The Echoes of Ruby Ridge" 3773:had reached the scene ... 3142:www.washingtonexaminer.com 2571:. McFarland. p. 161. 1768:VI. Chronology of Events ( 1593:Christian Patriot movement 1232:. He was held at the 989:armored personnel carriers 759:Rivera helicopter incident 718:Senate Judiciary Committee 29: 6034:1992 in American politics 5410:The Biography.com website 5339:(1998), see Bibliography. 4987:. p. 33 of 125 pages 4985:General Accounting Office 4886:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 4827:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 4752:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 4714:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 4676:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 4654:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 4489:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 4373:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 4369:"Fugitive's war in court" 4289:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 4210:. ABC-CLIO. p. 145. 4034:. Macmillan. p. 51. 3124:Moscow-Pullman Daily News 2262:Anderson, Hal E. (1968), 1716:§B. Significant Findings. 1578:American militia movement 1504:, the 5th episode of its 1372:Later life of the Weavers 1230:St. Luke's Medical Center 1149:response from the cabin. 837:yellow Labrador Retriever 271: 245: 228:Idaho Army National Guard 164: 46: 6016:August 23, 2013, at the 5980:Famous Trials: R. Weaver 5965:From Freedom to Slavery, 5761:. Simon & Schuster. 5628:. St. Martin's/Griffin. 5295:Lewiston Morning Tribune 5238:Lewiston Morning Tribune 5219:Lewiston Morning Tribune 5151:Lewiston Morning Tribune 5133:Lewiston Morning Tribune 4940:Lewiston Morning Tribune 4864:"Harris charges dropped" 4586:Lewiston Morning Tribune 4451:Lewiston Morning Tribune 4231:Newton, Michael (2012). 4002:(10): 24. Archived from 3497:Court TV's Crime Library 3105:Lewiston Morning Tribune 2001:archive.seattletimes.com 1631:, inspired by Ruby Ridge 6007:, CourtTV Crime Library 5936:April 17, 2019, at the 5594:(print and online news) 4007:(print and online news) 3174:. Department of Justice 3077:. Department of Justice 2989:. Department of Justice 2903:. Department of Justice 2877:. Department of Justice 2851:. Department of Justice 2800:. Department of Justice 2686:. Department of Justice 2660:. Department of Justice 2533:. Department of Justice 2507:. Department of Justice 2473:March 13, 2016, at the 2287:. Department of Justice 1655:Shannon Street massacre 1464:The Siege at Ruby Ridge 1119:The RRTF report to the 680:for failure to appear. 6094:Boundary County, Idaho 5456:Standoff at Ruby Ridge 5113:– via Cato.org. 4028:Spence, Gerry (2015). 3892:Walter, Jess (1996) . 3260:Parker, R. J. (2012). 3225:"Ambush at Ruby Ridge" 3223:Bock, Alan W. (1993). 2722:"Every Knee Shall Bow" 2592:Parker, R. J. (2012). 2371:. Simon and Schuster. 2316:television documentary 1955:Walter, Jess (2002) . 1515:television miniseries 1313:obstruction of justice 1205: 1173: 1066: 1052: 995:arrived at the scene. 964: 892: 831: 748: 731: 670:U.S. Attorney's Office 472: 363:(USMS) came to arrest 357:Boundary County, Idaho 128:48.62056°N 116.43306°W 5705:Whitcomb, Christopher 5335:Weaver & Weaver, 4907:more complete version 3563:Weaver & Weaver, 3378:– via Cato.org. 3362:"Remember Ruby Ridge" 3172:www.famous-trials.com 3075:www.famous-trials.com 2987:www.famous-trials.com 2901:www.famous-trials.com 2875:www.famous-trials.com 2849:www.famous-trials.com 2824:www.famous-trials.com 2798:www.famous-trials.com 2774:: A14. March 13, 1992 2684:www.famous-trials.com 2658:www.famous-trials.com 2551:Weaver & Weaver, 2531:www.famous-trials.com 2505:www.famous-trials.com 2285:www.famous-trials.com 2099:Walter, Jess (2002). 1692:most complete version 1660:Singer–Swapp standoff 1629:Oklahoma City bombing 1417:Oklahoma City bombing 1203: 1160:Something to Consider 962: 955:Siege and controversy 829: 811:, were equipped with 802: 750:A review of Weaver's 722: 711:Threat source profile 666:Department of Justice 659:U.S. Marshals Service 470: 426:Oklahoma City bombing 258:1 U.S. Marshal killed 241:Casualties and losses 5434:. IMDb. May 19, 1996 4909:), see Bibliography. 4234:The FBI Encyclopedia 4009:on February 11, 2017 3613:. September 27, 1995 3491:Lohr, David (2003). 3263:Top Cases of The FBI 3058:Coeur D'Alene Press, 2595:Top Cases of The FBI 2320:The Learning Channel 1984:References and notes 1447:Every Knee Shall Bow 981:Idaho National Guard 886:(OPR, 1994) states: 813:night-vision goggles 133:48.62056; -116.43306 5926:American Experience 5867:Other documentaries 5481:Alice in Washington 5057:. October 11, 1997. 5027:Tennessee v. Garner 4804:"Harris surrenders" 4312:American Experience 4145:American Experience 3869:The Washington Post 3697:American Experience 3584:American Experience 3503:on December 6, 2003 3469:American Experience 3307:on October 21, 2017 3148:on December 6, 2022 2398:The Washington Post 1650:Sagebrush Rebellion 1501:American Experience 1326:The Washington Post 1299:Tennessee v. Garner 1003:Hostage Rescue Team 862:M1917 Enfield Rifle 855:Colt submachine gun 809:military camouflage 786:rules of engagement 637:U.S. District Court 482:factory worker and 377:Hostage Rescue Team 353:Ruby Ridge standoff 124: / 42:Ruby Ridge standoff 5315:The New York Times 5170:The New York Times 5075:The New York Times 4954:Ruby Ridge: Report 4729:"Weaver goes free" 4187:Ruby Ridge: Report 3771:Idaho State Police 3611:The New York Times 3531:The New York Times 3390:Ruby Ridge: Report 3289:(1996), pp. 38–49. 3287:Ruby Ridge: Report 2970:Ruby Ridge: Report 2771:The New York Times 2479:The New York Times 2200:The New York Times 2133:The New York Times 2049:. October 19, 1993 2046:The New York Times 1619:Militia of Montana 1588:Christian Identity 1428:In popular culture 1401:Domestic terrorism 1385:Kalispell, Montana 1351:sovereign immunity 1206: 1187:medical evacuation 993:Idaho State Police 977:state of emergency 965: 869:Ruby Ridge: Report 832: 769:Now It Can Be Told 606:sawed-off shotguns 558:white supremacists 473: 95:August 21–31, 1992 6054:Conflicts in 1992 5897:American Standoff 5834:1985 MOVE bombing 5644:Coulson, Danny O. 5384:KULR-8 Local News 5337:The Federal Siege 5103:Los Angeles Times 5055:Los Angeles Times 4041:978-1-250-07345-7 3565:The Federal Siege 2728:. August 27, 1995 2553:The Federal Siege 2155:Idaho v. Horiuchi 1949:Secondary sources 1568:1985 MOVE bombing 1513:Paramount Network 1260:in mid-December. 941:The Federal Siege 925:cross-examination 641:Harold Lyman Ryan 633:a federal holiday 528:Pope John Paul II 349: 348: 340:Show map of Idaho 263: 262: 236: 235: 16:(Redirected from 6131: 5911:American Justice 5879:1995, ABC News; 5862: 5860: 5858: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5803: 5797: 5795: 5789: 5772: 5748: 5736: 5722: 5700: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5639: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5595: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5359:Associated Press 5346: 5340: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5276:Spokesman-Review 5267: 5261: 5260: 5257:Spokesman-Review 5248: 5242: 5241: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5210: 5204: 5194: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5110: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5047: 5041: 5033:Graham v. Connor 5022: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4982: 4967: 4961: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4932: 4926: 4919: 4910: 4899: 4890: 4889: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4868:Spokesman-Review 4859: 4853: 4852: 4849:Spokesman-Review 4840: 4831: 4830: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4808:Spokesman-Review 4799: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4733:Spokesman-Review 4724: 4718: 4717: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4695:Spokesman-Review 4686: 4680: 4679: 4667: 4658: 4657: 4645: 4636: 4635: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4605:Spokesman-Review 4596: 4590: 4589: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4568:Spokesman-Review 4559: 4550: 4549: 4546:Spokesman-Review 4537: 4531: 4530: 4527:Spokesman-Review 4518: 4512: 4511: 4508:Spokesman-Review 4499: 4493: 4492: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4470:Spokesman-Review 4461: 4455: 4454: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4412: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4392:Spokesman-Review 4383: 4377: 4376: 4364: 4355: 4354: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4302: 4293: 4292: 4280: 4271: 4270: 4267:Spokesman-Review 4258: 4249: 4248: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4201: 4190: 4183: 4174: 4167: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4060:"A Time to Heal" 4055: 4046: 4045: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4008: 3985: 3976: 3969: 3963: 3956: 3950: 3943: 3937: 3930: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3899: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3860: 3854: 3847: 3841: 3834: 3825: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3793: 3787: 3780: 3774: 3763: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3739: 3731: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3687: 3676: 3675: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3574: 3568: 3561: 3555: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3522: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3406: 3399: 3393: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3366: 3357: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3328: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3303:. 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Connor 1133:Dianne Feinstein 949:Washington, D.C. 746:threat he posed. 672:(USAO) called a 595:motorcycle gangs 457:British Columbia 341: 324: 323: 317: 305: 298:Location in the 288: 287: 281: 247: 246: 176:immediate family 166: 165: 139: 138: 136: 135: 134: 129: 125: 122: 121: 120: 117: 77: 72: 61: 56: 39: 21: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6128: 6044:Anti-Federalism 6024: 6023: 6018:Wayback Machine 5974:Wayback Machine 5959: 5938:Wayback Machine 5907:A&E Network 5869: 5856: 5854: 5841: 5825: 5823: 5814: 5811: 5793: 5791: 5787: 5785:Project Megiddo 5782: 5779: 5769: 5751: 5745: 5727:Kessler, Ronald 5725: 5719: 5711:. Corgi Books. 5703: 5697: 5681: 5678: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5642: 5636: 5618: 5609: 5607: 5593: 5588: 5579: 5577: 5565: 5562: 5560:Further sources 5557: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5536:The Daily Times 5529: 5528: 5524: 5514: 5512: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5430: 5429: 5425: 5415: 5413: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5334: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5190: 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5163: 5162: 5158: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5108: 5106: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5023: 5019: 4997: 4990: 4988: 4980: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4951: 4947: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4920: 4913: 4900: 4893: 4880: 4879: 4875: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4842: 4841: 4834: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4801: 4800: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4669: 4668: 4661: 4647: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4561: 4560: 4553: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4520: 4519: 4515: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4366: 4365: 4358: 4351: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4304: 4303: 4296: 4282: 4281: 4274: 4260: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4203: 4202: 4193: 4184: 4177: 4168: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4057: 4056: 4049: 4042: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4012: 4010: 4006: 3987: 3986: 3979: 3970: 3966: 3957: 3953: 3944: 3940: 3931: 3927: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3891: 3890: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3848: 3844: 3835: 3828: 3819: 3815: 3805: 3803: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3781: 3777: 3764: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3744:. 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Hudson 761: 727:living document 713: 686: 587: 585:ATF involvement 505:Boundary County 465: 438: 422:Timothy McVeigh 400:(ATF), and the 345: 344: 343: 342: 339: 338: 332: 331: 330: 329: 325: 308: 307: 306: 303: 302: 296: 295: 294: 293: 289: 259: 254: 252: 232: 187:U.S. government 181: 177: 172: 132: 130: 126: 123: 118: 115: 113: 111: 110: 109: 108: 87: 86: 85: 84: 80: 79: 78: 75: 73: 64: 63: 62: 59: 57: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6137: 6135: 6127: 6126: 6124:Apocalypticism 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6008: 6002: 5997: 5988: 5983: 5977: 5958: 5957:External links 5955: 5954: 5953: 5952:. – April 2001 5941: 5919: 5904: 5893: 5887: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5810: 5809:Other articles 5807: 5806: 5805: 5783:Anon. (1999). 5778: 5775: 5774: 5773: 5767: 5749: 5743: 5723: 5717: 5701: 5695: 5683:Brown, Tony D. 5677: 5674: 5673: 5672: 5659:978-0671020620 5658: 5640: 5635:978-0312143428 5634: 5616: 5586: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5522: 5510:Slate Magazine 5497: 5491:978-1583487488 5490: 5470: 5445: 5423: 5397: 5386:. 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Macmillan. 5735: 5734: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5661: 5655: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5620:Spence, Gerry 5617: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5592: 5587: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5563: 5559: 5554: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5526: 5523: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5484:. iUniverse. 5483: 5482: 5474: 5471: 5458: 5457: 5449: 5446: 5433: 5427: 5424: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5398: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5372: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5345: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5329: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5304: 5301: 5296: 5292: 5285: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5266: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5247: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5206: 5202: 5201:Alex Kozinski 5198: 5197: 98-30149 5193: 5186: 5183: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5157: 5152: 5148: 5142: 5139: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5092: 5089: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5064: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5028: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4986: 4979: 4977: 4972: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4955: 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