300:
in her honor. In 2006 both
Victoria Mxenge and her husband were posthumously awarded the Order of Luthuli in Silver for excellent contributions to the field of law and sacrifices made in the fight against apartheid in South Africa. The Victoria Mxenge Group of Advocates was officially established on
275:
In 1987, South
African magistrates claimed that she had died from "head injuries and had been murdered by person unknown". The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Report on the assassination of Victoria Mxenge documents that Marvin Sefako (alias Bongi Raymond Malinga) was allegedly recruited by
259:
On 1 August 1985, she was "gunned down by four black men" as she returned from a political meeting. She was killed on her driveway in Umlazi in front of her children. The men were thought to be part of a government 'death squad'. After her death, more than 1,000 students marched in Durban in protest
203:
After her husband's murder, Mxenge kept their law practice going. In 1983, she successfully defended students against the confiscation of their results by the
Department of Education". She also intervened in cases in which the youth were ill-treated while imprisoned. Mxenge represented families of
143:
to parents Wilmot Goso and
Nobantu Ntebe. After completing her primary education at Tamara, she went to Forbes Grant Secondary School where she completed the junior certificate (Grade 10). In 1959, she matriculated at Healdtown, Fort Beaufort in the Eastern Province. She trained as a nurse at
196:. He had multiple stab wounds and his body was found near the soccer field in Umlazi and it fell on her to identify his mutilated body at a government mortuary the morning after his murder. It was claimed by police general Dirk Coetzee that her husband was murdered by the
180:. In 1981, some five years after her husband had set up a legal practice she acquired legal qualifications, joined the practice and was subsequently admitted as an attorney. On 19 November 1981, her husband was brutally assassinated by
200:(ANC), which she vigorously refuted. The ANC issued a public statement from Lusaka decrying his murder and paying tribute to his contribution in the struggle. In 1996, Dirk Coetzee confessed that he led a group that killed Mxenge.
260:
and were "dispersed by police using dogs and clubs." Her funeral which was held on 11 August 1985 in Rayi
Village near King William's Town was attended by 10,000 people, and letters of condolence were received from
938:
953:
401:
948:
380:
Victoria Mxenge and her husband
Griffiths, both lawyers aligned to the ANC, were killed in Umlazi township in Durban, also by the apartheid government, in the 1980s.
164:. During their marriage, her husband faced various government-sanctioned bans and detentions. She and her husband had two sons, Mbasa and Viwe, and daughter Namhla.
908:
958:
913:
363:
943:
272:
took to the streets and vandalised public property. This resulted in clashes between the police and residents which left nine people dead and 138 injured.
933:
918:
923:
834:
212:
247:. The funeral was attended by over 50,000 mourners. During her speech Mxenge condemned the apartheid government and referred to the murder of
403:
Establishing social consensus on the shifting boundaries between judicial and executive functions of the state-lessons from the recent past
204:
victims of the Matolo raid and
Lesotho raid. Mxenge started a bursary fund in memory of her husband. She became a member of the Release
157:
285:
758:
33:
903:
928:
309:
government and eThekwini
Municipality unveiled statues in honour of Griffiths and Victoria Mxenge in uMlazi, south of Durban.
898:
367:
208:
Committee (RMC), sat on the executive of the
National Organisation of Women (NOW) and the Natal Treasurer of the UDF.
276:
the security branch and that
Brigadier Peter Swanepoel was his handler. Malinga confessed that he had killed Mxenge.
888:
510:
177:
197:
712:
625:
172:
After completing a midwifery course at King Edward Hospital, Victoria Mxenge worked as a community nurse at
100:
140:
112:
53:
893:
216:
883:
878:
778:
732:
672:
646:
584:
564:
531:
450:
421:
481:
853:
804:
284:
In October 2005, the South African Ministry of the Environment launched the third and final
248:
228:
224:
220:
145:
858:
790:
744:
658:
596:
543:
433:
240:
690:
338:
269:
261:
244:
232:
205:
872:
306:
291:
161:
149:
334:
302:
265:
185:
116:
57:
152:). She took midwifery at King Edward Hospital and worked as a community nurse in
326:
322:
236:
318:
32:
181:
128:
120:
863:
144:
Victoria Hospital and earned her qualifications in 1964. After she married
317:
Victoria Mxenge was mentioned alongside other anti-apartheid activists
330:
193:
189:
173:
153:
119:– 1 August 1985, in Umlazi, Durban, Natal) was a South African anti-
124:
227:
Supreme Court . In July 1985, she spoke at the funeral of
836:
Inaugural Griffiths and Victoria Mxenge Memorial Lecture
139:
Mxenge was born in Tamara Village on 1 January 1942 in
939:
People killed in South African intelligence operations
805:"Johnny Clegg (Ft. Savuka) – Asimbonanga (Mandela)"
512:
Victoria Mxenge Group launch: adopting group values
96:
88:
80:
64:
39:
23:
620:
618:
559:
557:
555:
553:
505:
503:
396:
394:
392:
390:
388:
268:amongst others. After her funeral, mourners in
156:. In 1965, her husband was convicted under the
305:Society of Advocates. On 20 August 2017, the
8:
211:Mxenge was part of the defence team for the
954:South African women civil rights activists
627:Victoria Mxenge and the 'act of cowardice'
148:, she and her husband moved to Natal (now
31:
20:
842:. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University.
949:20th-century South African women lawyers
609:
355:
909:South African anti-apartheid activists
786:
776:
760:Griffiths and Victoria Mxenge honoured
740:
730:
654:
644:
592:
582:
539:
529:
429:
419:
366:. SAinfo. 20 May 2005. Archived from
176:Clinic. She then studied law through
7:
959:South African civil rights activists
914:Assassinated South African activists
476:
474:
472:
445:
443:
251:as a "dastardly act of cowardices."
160:and was imprisoned for two years on
693:. Truth Commission - Special Report
944:20th-century South African lawyers
131:, and later began practising law.
14:
934:Deaths by firearm in South Africa
919:Assassinated South African people
364:"SA's marine protection vessels"
924:People murdered in South Africa
714:Griffiths Mxenge: A fallen hero
301:1 July 2011 and is part of the
123:activist; she was trained as a
1:
854:South African History article
451:"Victoria Nonyamezelo Mxenge"
486:South African History Online
455:South African History Online
158:Suppression of Communism Act
864:Rhodes University Biography
859:Rhodes University Biography
566:Victoria Nonyamezelo Mxenge
482:"Griffiths Mlungisi Mxenge"
109:Victoria Nonyamezelo Mxenge
975:
833:Moseneke, Dikgang (2009).
329:by the South African band
198:African National Congress
30:
518:. April 2012. p. 31
904:South African activists
101:anti-apartheid activist
929:South African midwives
16:South African activist
223:Treason Trial at the
217:Natal Indian Congress
75:Umlazi, Durban, Natal
899:South African nurses
111:(1 January 1942, in
370:on 30 November 2010
192:township, south of
141:King William's Town
113:King William's Town
54:King William's Town
673:"SAPS | Home"
457:. 17 February 2011
313:In popular culture
889:People from Qonce
337:and dedicated to
325:in the 1987 song
106:
105:
966:
843:
841:
820:
819:
817:
815:
801:
795:
794:
788:
784:
782:
774:
772:
770:
765:
755:
749:
748:
742:
738:
736:
728:
726:
724:
719:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
691:"Duncan Village"
687:
681:
680:
669:
663:
662:
656:
652:
650:
642:
640:
638:
632:
622:
613:
607:
601:
600:
594:
590:
588:
580:
578:
576:
571:
561:
548:
547:
541:
537:
535:
527:
525:
523:
517:
507:
498:
497:
495:
493:
478:
467:
466:
464:
462:
447:
438:
437:
431:
427:
425:
417:
415:
413:
408:
398:
383:
382:
377:
375:
360:
249:The Cradock Four
229:The Cradock Four
225:Pietermaritzburg
221:Pietermaritzburg
146:Griffiths Mxenge
71:
49:
47:
35:
21:
974:
973:
969:
968:
967:
965:
964:
963:
869:
868:
850:
839:
832:
829:
824:
823:
813:
811:
803:
802:
798:
785:
775:
768:
766:
763:
757:
756:
752:
739:
729:
722:
720:
717:
711:
710:
706:
696:
694:
689:
688:
684:
671:
670:
666:
653:
643:
636:
634:
633:. 9 August 1985
630:
624:
623:
616:
608:
604:
591:
581:
574:
572:
569:
563:
562:
551:
538:
528:
521:
519:
515:
509:
508:
501:
491:
489:
488:. 25 April 2012
480:
479:
470:
460:
458:
449:
448:
441:
428:
418:
411:
409:
406:
400:
399:
386:
373:
371:
362:
361:
357:
352:
347:
315:
297:Victoria Mxenge
282:
257:
241:Sparrow Mkhonto
170:
137:
76:
73:
69:
60:
51:
45:
43:
26:
25:Victoria Mxenge
17:
12:
11:
5:
972:
970:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
871:
870:
867:
866:
861:
856:
849:
848:External links
846:
845:
844:
828:
825:
822:
821:
796:
787:|website=
750:
741:|website=
704:
682:
664:
655:|website=
614:
602:
593:|website=
549:
540:|website=
499:
468:
439:
430:|website=
384:
354:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
339:Nelson Mandela
333:, composed by
314:
311:
292:patrol vessels
281:
278:
270:Duncan Village
262:Nelson Mandela
256:
253:
245:Sicelo Mhlauli
233:Matthew Goniwe
206:Nelson Mandela
184:agents led by
169:
166:
136:
133:
104:
103:
98:
97:Known for
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
72:(aged 43)
66:
62:
61:
52:
50:1 January 1942
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
971:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
874:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
847:
838:
837:
831:
830:
826:
810:
806:
800:
797:
792:
780:
762:
761:
754:
751:
746:
734:
716:
715:
708:
705:
692:
686:
683:
678:
674:
668:
665:
660:
648:
629:
628:
621:
619:
615:
611:
610:Moseneke 2009
606:
603:
598:
586:
568:
567:
560:
558:
556:
554:
550:
545:
533:
514:
513:
506:
504:
500:
487:
483:
477:
475:
473:
469:
456:
452:
446:
444:
440:
435:
423:
405:
404:
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
369:
365:
359:
356:
349:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
312:
310:
308:
307:KwaZulu-Natal
304:
299:
298:
293:
290:
288:
287:Lillian Ngoyi
279:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
167:
165:
163:
162:Robben Island
159:
155:
151:
150:KwaZulu-Natal
147:
142:
134:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
102:
99:
95:
92:lawyer, nurse
91:
89:Occupation(s)
87:
84:South African
83:
79:
68:1 August 1985
67:
63:
59:
55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
894:Xhosa people
835:
812:. Retrieved
808:
799:
767:. Retrieved
759:
753:
721:. Retrieved
713:
707:
695:. Retrieved
685:
676:
667:
635:. Retrieved
626:
612:, p. 9.
605:
573:. Retrieved
565:
520:. Retrieved
511:
490:. Retrieved
485:
459:. Retrieved
454:
410:. Retrieved
402:
379:
372:. Retrieved
368:the original
358:
335:Johnny Clegg
316:
303:Johannesburg
296:
295:
286:
283:
274:
266:Oliver Tambo
258:
210:
202:
186:Dirk Coetzee
171:
138:
117:Eastern Cape
108:
107:
70:(1985-08-01)
58:Eastern Cape
18:
884:1985 deaths
879:1942 births
677:Saps.gov.za
492:8 September
461:8 September
327:Asimbonanga
323:Neil Aggett
237:Fort Calata
219:during the
81:Nationality
873:Categories
809:Genius.com
769:19 October
723:19 October
637:19 October
575:19 October
522:19 October
412:19 October
374:4 December
345:References
319:Steve Biko
46:1942-01-01
789:ignored (
779:cite book
743:ignored (
733:cite book
657:ignored (
647:cite book
595:ignored (
585:cite book
542:ignored (
532:cite book
432:ignored (
422:cite book
350:Citations
182:Vlakplaas
121:apartheid
697:8 August
827:Sources
814:6 April
129:midwife
331:Savuka
294:named
289:-class
280:Legacy
255:Murder
194:Durban
190:Umlazi
174:Umlazi
154:Umlazi
840:(PDF)
764:(PDF)
718:(PDF)
631:(PDF)
570:(PDF)
516:(PDF)
407:(PDF)
178:UNISA
125:nurse
816:2022
791:help
771:2017
745:help
725:2017
699:2013
659:help
639:2017
597:help
577:2017
544:help
524:2017
494:2016
463:2016
434:help
414:2017
376:2011
321:and
264:and
243:and
215:and
168:Work
135:Life
127:and
65:Died
40:Born
213:UDF
188:in
875::
807:.
783::
781:}}
777:{{
737::
735:}}
731:{{
675:.
651::
649:}}
645:{{
617:^
589::
587:}}
583:{{
552:^
536::
534:}}
530:{{
502:^
484:.
471:^
453:.
442:^
426::
424:}}
420:{{
387:^
378:.
341:.
239:,
235:,
231:,
115:,
56:,
818:.
793:)
773:.
747:)
727:.
701:.
679:.
661:)
641:.
599:)
579:.
546:)
526:.
496:.
465:.
436:)
416:.
48:)
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
