212:, who had previously fought alongside Lorenzo in Aguadulce, signed a peace treaty with the Conservatives. Victoriano Lorenzo and his followers refused to give up their arms and insisted on continuing their struggle. After Herrera ordered his arrest, Lorenzo was lured into an ambush. Victoriano Lorenzo was executed on May 15, 1903 at the Plaza Francia, a tall sea wall, on the side facing Amador. Panama separated from Colombia less than seven months later. Lorenzo is buried in the Amador Cemetery.
229:
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After many attempts to address indigenous grievances about land rights, abuses, and economic disadvantages through the judicial and state bureaucracies, he became frustrated and allied his indigenous fighters with the
Liberal cause. Lorenzo was quick to take arms at the advent of the Thousand Days
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cultural background. He is remembered in rural areas, especially Coclé, as an indigenous chief who continued the cause of land rights and representation; evidence thereof includes that his father, Rosa
Lorenzo, had been an indigenous leader and that Victoriano spoke indigenous languages. He also
220:, and led to the disappearance of Conservatives from Panamanian politics for some years thereafter. Many indigenous people in Panama understand his assassination as the defeat of their autonomous land rights and access to representation in the Panamanian state structure.
201:, Lorenzo sent his secretary, Papi Aizpuru, to meet them. Becoming one of the most wanted men by the Colombian central government, General Lorenzo and his wife, Lorenza Ibarra, led his soldiers to a base in the mountains known as La Trinchera, where he turned to
263:, the Panamanian poet and novelist alluded to Lorenzo in almost all his works in an effort to place him as a founding father of Panama. To Chang MarĂn, Lorenzo was the first true Panamanian whose life story and identity parallel that of Panama as a nation.
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The
Panamanian public was greatly dismayed by Lorenzo's execution. Public disapproval at this execution resulted in this being the last recorded execution in Panama. It was a factor leading the Liberals to accept
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regime in 1976 known as the
Victoriano Lorenzo Brigade. On January 30, 1966, the Panamanian National Assembly formally declared his execution unjust. In 2003, Panama City's Mayor Juan Carlos Navarro (
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in
January 1902, in which over 750 troops were killed or wounded on both sides, and his Liberal allies claimed 700 prisoners. Later that year, when hundreds of Liberal troops came from
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in
Lorenzo's honor, and official events celebrating his life and remembering his execution are held both at the commemoration of his death and on the November 3
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history, although his story and motives are sometimes debated by different sectors in his homeland. Born when the
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79:
552:
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582:
Collard, Patrick, et al. "Murales, figuras, fronteras. Narrativa e historia en el Caribe y
Centroamérica."
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participated in the state political structure as an elected official outside of the provincial capital of
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Lorenzo became a national legend in Panama. Today, several monuments and plaques exist in Cocle and
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González, Ann (March 2014). "ChangmarĂn: Race, Identity, and
Children's Literature in Panama".
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The Blood of
Victoriano Lorenzo: An Ethnography of the Cholos of Northern Coclé Province
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mayor and garnered him arms from the
Liberals. He commanded his troops into battle in
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The end of the Thousand Days War resulted in a defeat for the Liberals. General
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to advance his cause, and averted many assassination attempts by Conservatives.
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gained its separation after many different attempts dating back to 1830.
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Becker, Marc (4 May 2014). "Victoriano Lorenzo, the cholo guerrillero".
133:, which was a part of the former Gran Colombia, Lorenzo died during the
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organized a contingent of his countrymen to fight against Nicaragua's
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GarcĂa, B. P. "Mis memorias sobre el General Victoriano Lorenzo."
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423:"Noriega: the important question is more about us than about him"
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Victoriano Lorenzo: el guerrillero de la tierra de los cholos
259:) also issued a formal proclamation of Lorenzo's innocence.
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Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
342:"The Wall on the margins of the Casco Viejo's memory"
299:"Victoriano Lorenzo, a century after his execution"
232:Monument to Victoriano Lorenzo, located at Amador,
149:Lorenzo was born sometime around the 1870s to poor
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518:"Panama: Obstacles to Democracy and Sovereignty"
395:Hi.di. – The History Reporter (March 28, 2010).
329:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Press.
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397:"Death Penalty in Panama Put to the People"
553:"Victoriano Lorenzo: A rebel with a cause"
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121:is considered one of the great heroes of
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16:For the Panamanian corregimiento, see
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366:Ana Teresa BenjamĂn (7 March 2004).
579:. Segunda edicion, R. de P., 1966.
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340:Jackson, Eric (August 22, 2016).
325:MĂĽller-Schwarze, Nina K. (2015).
218:Panama’s separation from Colombia
247:. Panama's controversial figure
153:in what is now the province of
421:Jackson, Eric (May 22, 2016).
189:coast skirmish which killed a
1:
493:10.1080/08263663.2014.1000149
261:Carlos Francisco Chang MarĂn
551:Walker, Howard (May 2009).
633:
516:Priestley, George (1990).
178:led in part by Panamanian
18:Victoriano Lorenzo, Panama
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174:War in alliance with the
57:United States of Colombia
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591:Revista Cultural LoterĂa
617:Panamanian politicians
525:Radical History Review
297:Jackson, Eric (2003).
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157:. He was considered a
575:Carles, RubĂ©n DarĂo.
442:The Latin Americanist
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185:. He led troops in a
586:155 (2004): 355-397.
368:"Los lĂos de Amador"
137:shortly after which
129:was still a part of
80:Department of Panama
309:on 17 October 2003.
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119:Victoriano Lorenzo
27:Victoriano Lorenzo
593:470 (2007): 7-25.
454:10.1111/tla.12020
401:The Panama Digest
135:Thousand Days War
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111:Thousand Days War
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607:1870s births
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565:. Retrieved
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448:(1): 67–75.
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375:. Retrieved
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307:the original
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191:conservative
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69:(1903-05-15)
67:May 15, 1903
53:Panama State
612:1903 deaths
557:The Visitor
346:Panama News
234:Panama City
91:Nationality
76:Panama City
601:Categories
567:15 January
542:15 January
406:15 January
377:15 January
351:15 January
267:References
151:campesinos
123:Panamanian
102:Politician
99:Occupation
94:Panamanian
537:0163-6545
509:145390361
501:0826-3663
462:145260899
372:La Prensa
199:Nicaragua
195:Aguadulce
584:Anclajes
241:Veraguas
176:Liberals
168:Penonome
163:Hispanic
131:Colombia
84:Colombia
187:Pacific
180:patriot
127:isthmus
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531:: 91.
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253:Somoza
224:Legacy
139:Panama
521:(PDF)
505:S2CID
458:S2CID
159:Cholo
155:Cocle
49:Cocle
569:2017
563:(19)
544:2017
533:ISSN
497:ISSN
408:2017
379:2017
353:2017
145:Life
64:Died
42:Born
489:doi
450:doi
257:PRD
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561:15
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529:48
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
