753:. It is an herbaceous creeping annual that creates a low-lying soil cover when fully grown. Its stem can grow up to 40 cm in height, with its hairy and dense-packed branches reaching a span of up to 150 cm. Yellow flowers develop into a brown pod 2.5 to 5 cm in length, which holds 4 to 9 seeds inside. The rectangular seeds exist in a variety of colours including yellow-brown, whitish-green, and mottled with black. Other widely cultivated species from the genus
53:
811:
annual rainfall for production is 500–750 mm, it is able to grow with 200–300 mm annually, and some yield has been noted at rainfall levels as low as 50–60 mm per year. Propagation of moth bean is done by seed, preferably on a prepared seedbed, at an optimal temperature of 25–27 °C. Fertilizer applications to moth bean are uncommon in India.
802:
Moth bean, a short-day crop, is one of the most drought-resistant pulses in India. Grown at altitudes up to 1300 m above sea level, it has a wide pH range (3.5–10) and can tolerate slight salinity. While dry sandy soil is most suitable for production, moth bean can tolerate a variety of soil types.
823:
A drawback to this crop is its difficulty to harvest. Mowers cannot be used due to the shape and density of the moth bean's branches, so the crop is typically cut with a sickle. It is threshed and winnowed after being dried for approximately one week. Hay yields from this crop are 7.5-10 t/ha, while
819:
Moth bean is grown for both human consumption and as a forage crop. Currently in India, moth bean is grown on its own or intercropped with other cereals, such as pearl millet. It is also grown in rotation with cotton as a forage crop. When grown as a forage crop, it is planted 7–34 kg/ha, and
40:
921:
100g of raw, uncooked moth bean seeds contain 343 calories, 23 g of protein, 62 g of carbohydrate and 1.6 g of fat. As is the case with other legumes, this pulse does contain antinutritional factors that limit available protein. However, research has shown that the moth bean contains considerably
810:
Optimum production of moth bean occurs between 24–32 °C, but has been shown to tolerate up to 45 °C during the day. Growth is optimal at a constant temperature. The moth bean is one of the most drought-resistant pulses in India, requiring little irrigation for production. While optimal
793:
Moth bean is native to India, grown for food production and as a forage and cover crop. It is predominately grown in India, although it has been cultivated in the United States, Australia, Thailand and other parts of Asia. 1.5 million hectares of land is used in India for moth bean production,
794:
producing approximately 0.4 million t/ha of seeds. While its presence in Sudan, Somalia and other tropical countries of Africa has been noted, it has not been a crop of great importance to this region. The potential of increased production in this region in the future has been suggested.
930:
While its drought tolerance and high protein content could make the moth bean a potential crop choice for semi-arid Africa, a lack of management knowledge and the difficulty of harvest due to its density and creeping nature could make its spread to other parts of the world difficult.
824:
forage matter yields range from 37-50 t/ha. Seed yields are currently low, ranging from 70–270 kg/ha. However, research shows that this crop has the potential to increase in yield. Experimental seed yields of up to 2600 kg/ha have been recorded in the US and
Australia.
249:
Moth bean is a creeping annual herbaceous plant which grows to approximately 40 cm high. Yellow flowers on its hairy and densely packed branches develop into yellow-brown pods, 2 to 3 inches in length The seeds of these pods contain approximately 22–24% protein.
1102:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1012:
Brink, M. & Jansen, P.C.M., 2006. Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal. Record from PROTA4U. Brink, M. & Belay, G. (Editors). PROTA (Plant
Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l'Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands.
922:
less of these factors compared with other legume grains, making it a more beneficial choice for consumption. Soaking and cooking moth beans before consumption helps to break down antinutritional factors and makes the protein more digestible.
820:
10–20 kg/ha when grown as the only crop. Row planting should be done 30–90 cm apart, with seeds sown 2.5–4 cm deep. It takes 75–90 days for moth bean to mature, and is frequently planted at the end of the rainy season.
257:
and its high protein content, moth bean has been identified as possibly a more significant food source in the future. It has been suggested that its suitability as a grain legume in semi-arid Africa should be further investigated.
1204:
Yogeesh, L. N., Viswanatha, K. P., Ravi, B. A., & Gangaprasad, S. (2012). Genetic variability studies in moth bean germplasm for seed yield and its attributing characters. Electronic
Journal of Plant Breeding, 3(1),
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Khokhar, S., & Chauhan, B. M. (1986). Antinutritional factors in moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia): varietal differences and effects of methods of domestic processing and cooking. Journal of Food
Science, 51(3),
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Stevens, J. (1994). Bean, Moth —Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal (HS554). Gainesville: University of
Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved October 31, 2013 from
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Little breeding work has been completed on the moth bean, but researchers have found that there is substantial genetic variation between moth bean germplasms. The
National Bureau of Plant
730:
1151:
Sathe, S. K., & Venkatachalam, M. (2007). Fractionation and biochemical characterization of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) proteins. LWT-Food
Science and Technology, 40(4), 600-610.
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1300:
U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2013. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 26. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page,
246:. The pods, sprouts and protein-rich seeds of this crop are commonly consumed in India. Moth bean can be grown on many soil types, and can also act as a pasture legume.
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in New Delhi, India, houses more than 1000 accessions. Some improved cultivars such as ' CZM-2, CZM-3, ‘RMO-40’ and ‘RMO-225’are available in India.
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Adsule, R. N. (1996). Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal). In Food and Feed from
Legumes and Oilseeds (pp. 203–205). Springer US
1109:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
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Nimkar, P. M., Mandwe, D. S., & Dudhe, R. M. (2005). Physical properties of moth gram. Biosystems Engineering, 91(2), 183-189.
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899:. The moth bean pods can be boiled and eaten. The flour of the bean is used for making another savoury snack called
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is a drought-resistant legume, commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is commonly called
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Whole or split moth bean seeds can be cooked or fried. In India, particularly in the state of
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90:
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for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1861:
1608:
883:, moth beans are sprouted before cooking and used for making a spicy stew called matki
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895:. "Fried dal of the bean is used for making a savory dry snack, in India called
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1266:
Vegan Richa's Indian Kitchen: Traditional and Creative Recipes for the Home Cook
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889:. Matki usal forms the base of the Indian street food dish called
859:. There are some resistant cultivars to these pests and diseases.
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39:
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Due to its drought-resistant qualities, its ability to combat
1290:
Nene,Y L, Asian Agri-History Vol. 10, No. 3, 2006 (179–202)
1074:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
913:
Moth bean is also consumed as a forage crop by animals.
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The low-lying soil cover the crop creates helps prevent
1221:(Illustrated ed.). Hippocrene Books. p. 167.
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1106:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
840:is the vector. Root rot and seedling blight from
567:
385:
739:Taxonomically moth bean belongs to the family
272:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
8:
266:
19:"Matki" redirects here. For other uses, see
1338:
1070:United States Food and Drug Administration
355:
265:
38:
27:
1269:. Vegan Heritage Press, LLC. p. 4.
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1164:Plant Genetic Resources: Foodgrain Crops
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1326:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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773:, including the variety known as the
7:
846:also cause damage, as well as some
14:
1808:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:513663-1
1640:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:525283-1
1032:>. Accessed 15 November 2013.
51:
1131:from the original on 2024-05-09
1084:from the original on 2024-03-27
926:Constraints to wider adaptation
1:
807:by preventing moisture loss.
282:1,436 kJ (343 kcal)
834:mungbean yellow mosaic virus
725:Percentages estimated using
267:Mothbeans, mature seeds, raw
1215:Bharadwaj, Monisha (2005).
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18:
16:Species of flowering plant
832:Moth bean is affected by
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48:Scientific classification
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37:
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1218:The Indian Spice Kitchen
828:Major pests and diseases
1678:Phaseolus aconitifolius
1167:. Narosa. p. 279.
917:Nutritional information
843:Macrophomina phaseolina
727:US recommendations
214:Phaseolus aconitifolius
1161:B. S. Dhillon (2006).
731:the National Academies
21:Matki (disambiguation)
1867:Nitrogen-fixing crops
856:Meloidogyne incognita
789:History and geography
360:Vitamins and minerals
815:Other farming issues
761:(V. angularis), the
171:V. aconitifolia
1022:on November 8, 2013
838:silverleaf whitefly
447:Pantothenic acid (B
268:
1382:Vigna aconitifolia
1352:Vigna aconitifolia
909:Animal consumption
798:Growing conditions
694:Other constituents
227:Vigna aconitifolia
189:Vigna aconitifolia
32:Vigna aconitifolia
1844:
1843:
1596:Open Tree of Life
1344:Taxon identifiers
1276:978-1-941252-10-9
1228:978-0-7818-1143-9
1174:978-81-7319-580-8
1116:978-0-309-48834-1
875:Human consumption
869:Genetic Resources
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1305:. Archived from
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1018:. Archived from
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850:species and the
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1303:"Archived copy"
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1263:(19 May 2015).
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771:V. unguiculata
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1309:on 2016-04-14
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413:Riboflavin (B
410:
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1677:
1351:
1311:. Retrieved
1307:the original
1296:
1285:
1265:
1261:Richa Hingle
1255:
1232:. Retrieved
1217:
1210:
1200:
1163:
1156:
1133:. Retrieved
1105:
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1077:
1064:
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1024:. Retrieved
1020:the original
929:
920:
912:
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896:
890:
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866:
854:
841:
836:, for which
831:
822:
818:
809:
805:soil erosion
801:
792:
782:
770:
766:
757:include the
754:
748:
747:),and genus
738:
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568:
563:
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386:
381:
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340:
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292:
255:soil erosion
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170:
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110:
97:
84:
71:
31:
25:
1505:iNaturalist
1376:Wikispecies
1026:October 20,
881:Maharashtra
777:), and the
759:adzuki bean
743:(subfamily
396:Thiamine (B
262:Description
199:.) Marechal
143:Subfamily:
91:Angiosperms
1851:Categories
1609:Plant List
1313:2016-09-13
1234:2009-03-03
1135:2024-06-21
1088:2024-03-28
947:References
783:V. radiata
763:black gram
630:Phosphorus
1693:Q39183686
1562:120930441
1471:242354360
1458:242354360
1016:"Prota4U"
892:misal pav
779:mung bean
643:Potassium
617:Manganese
604:Magnesium
536:Vitamin K
523:Vitamin E
510:Vitamin C
480:Folate (B
464:Vitamin B
430:Niacin (B
236:moth bean
165:Species:
147:Faboideae
61:Kingdom:
1821:13031475
1816:Tropicos
1782:10179024
1769:513663-1
1687:Wikidata
1653:13040505
1648:Tropicos
1614:ild-3437
1536:10171051
1523:525283-1
1361:Wikidata
1322:cite web
1205:671-675.
1195:591–594.
1129:Archived
1125:30844154
1082:Archived
1072:(2024).
935:See also
852:nematode
767:V. mungo
741:Fabaceae
699:Quantity
564:Quantity
558:Minerals
382:Quantity
376:Vitamins
244:dew bean
232:mat bean
206:Synonyms
137:Fabaceae
133:Family:
104:Eudicots
1601:1065981
1484:2982794
1427:Ecocrop
1367:Q511249
897:dalmoth
650:1191 mg
598:10.8 mg
578:Calcium
497:Choline
342:Protein
153:Genus:
127:Fabales
123:Order:
65:Plantae
1795:518874
1717:163254
1704:128100
1701:APDB:
1622:PLANTS
1588:405613
1549:506271
1510:311355
1445:648824
1390:APDB:
1273:
1225:
1171:
1123:
1113:
902:bhujia
848:Striga
676:1.9 mg
656:Sodium
637:489 mg
624:1.8 mg
611:381 mg
585:150 mg
491:649 μg
474:0.4 mg
458:0.5 mg
441:2.8 mg
424:0.1 mg
407:0.6 mg
349:22.9 g
301:61.5 g
278:Energy
117:Rosids
1862:Vigna
1777:IRMNG
1756:27548
1743:PHSAC
1730:4FVZN
1627:VIAC4
1531:IRMNG
1497:41595
1419:5BDLP
1406:67543
1393:68163
755:Vigna
750:Vigna
716:4.3 g
708:9.7 g
705:Water
663:30 mg
325:1.6 g
240:matki
217:Jacq.
158:Vigna
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
1803:POWO
1790:ITIS
1764:IPNI
1751:GRIN
1738:EPPO
1712:APNI
1635:POWO
1575:3918
1570:NCBI
1557:IUCN
1544:ITIS
1518:IPNI
1492:GRIN
1479:GBIF
1432:2524
1401:APNI
1328:link
1271:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1121:PMID
1111:ISBN
1028:2013
1013:<
941:Bean
886:usal
669:Zinc
591:Iron
543:0 μg
530:0 mg
517:7 mg
504:0 mg
489:162%
197:Jacq
1829:WFO
1725:CoL
1661:WFO
1466:FoC
1453:FNA
1440:EoL
1414:CoL
1078:FDA
905:."
785:).
713:Ash
674:17%
648:40%
635:39%
622:78%
609:91%
596:60%
583:12%
569:%DV
472:24%
456:10%
439:18%
405:50%
387:%DV
318:Fat
242:or
1853::
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1324:}}
1320:{{
1243:^
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1048:^
955:^
661:1%
541:0%
528:0%
515:8%
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422:8%
238:,
234:,
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400:)
398:1
195:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
