252:
1110:
1067:
1090:
286:
153:
481:), the Diorama was a theatrical experience viewed by an audience in a highly specialized theatre. As many as 350 patrons would file in to view a landscape painting that would change its appearance both subtly and dramatically. Most would stand, though limited seating was provided. The show lasted 10 to 15 minutes, after which time the entire audience (on a massive turntable) would rotate to view a second painting. Later models of the Diorama theater even held a third painting.
387:
2593:
333:
1210:
613:
879:, selecting the figures, and arrangement of the scene. Due to World War II, when flat figures became unavailable, Gottstein completed his ideas by using Greenwood and Ball's 20 mm figures. In time, a fifteenth diorama was added, using these 20 mm figures, this diorama representing the D-Day landings. When all the dioramas were completed, they were displayed along one wall in the
1020:
462:
1320:
38:
1048:. Clarkson Stanfield created a diorama re-enactment of the event, which premiered on 20 April of the same year; it employed a "safe fire" via chemical reaction as a special effect. On 27 May, the "safe" fire proved to be less safe than planned: it set a real fire in the painted cloths of the imitation fire, which burned down the theater and all of its dioramas.
914:) claimed in 1968, that the dioramas "appear to have been partially broken up and individual figures have been sold to collectors". According to the Glenbow Institute (Barry Agnew, curator) "the figures are still in reasonable condition, but the plaster groundwork has suffered considerable deterioration". There are no photographs available of the dioramas.
58:
1289:
making a clay sculpture of the animal. This sculpture is made over the actual, posed skeleton of the animal, with reference to moulds and measurements taken on the field. A papier-mâché mannequin is prepared from the clay sculpture, and the animal's tanned skin is sewn onto the mannequin. Glass eyes substitute the real ones.
489:
via skylights, screens, shutters, and colored blinds. Depending on the direction and intensity of the skillfully manipulated light, the scene would appear to change. The effect was so subtle and finely rendered that both critics and the public were astounded, believing they were looking at a natural scene.
1277:
to surround the display without seams joining different panels. At times the wall also curves upward to meet the light above and form a sky. By having a curved wall, whatever the artist paints will be distorted by perspective; it is the artist's job to paint in such a way that minimises this distortion.
1276:
Preparations for the background begin in the field, where an artist takes photographs and sketches references pieces. Once back at the museum, the artist has to depict the scenery with as much realism as possible. The challenge lies in the fact that the wall used is curved: this allows the background
1085:
Natural history dioramas seek to imitate nature and, since their conception in the late 19th century, aim to "nurture a reverence for nature beauty and grandeur". They have also been described as a means to visually preserve nature as different environments change due to human involvement. They were
328:
In the 19th and beginning 20th century, building dioramas of sailing ships had been a popular handcraft of mariners. Building a diorama instead of a normal model had the advantage that in the diorama, the model was protected inside the framework and could easily be stowed below the bunk or behind the
1280:
The foreground is created to mimic the ground, plants and other accessories to scenery. The ground, hills, rocks, and large trees are created with wood, wire mesh, and plaster. Smaller trees are either used in their entirety or replicated using casts. Grasses and shrubs can be preserved in solution
1098:
dioramas derive not only from
Daguerre's work, but also from that of taxidermists, who were used to preparing specimens for either science or spectacle. It was only with the dioramas' precursors (and, later on, dioramas) that both these objectives merged. Popular diorama precursors were produced by
1043:
were influenced to create large and highly dramatic pictures by the sensational dioramas and panoramas of their day. In one case, the connection between life and diorama art became intensely circular. On 1 February 1829, John Martin's brother
Jonathan, known as "Mad Martin," set fire to the roof of
488:
was 24 feet (7.3 m) wide by 21 feet (6.4 m) high (7.3 meters x 6.4 meters). Each scene was hand-painted on linen, which was made transparent in selected areas. A series of these multi-layered, linen panels were arranged in a deep, truncated tunnel, then illuminated by sunlight re-directed
272:
in which objects of identical real-world size placed farther from the observer appear smaller than those closer. Often the distant painted background or sky will be painted upon a continuous curved surface so that the viewer is not distracted by corners, seams, or edges. All of these techniques are
1097:
Like historical dioramas, natural history dioramas are a mix of two- and three-dimensional elements. What sets natural history dioramas apart from other categories is the use of taxidermy in addition to the foreground replicas and painted background. The use of taxidermy means that natural history
721:
to help in the construction of dioramas depicting notable events in
English history. But due to the war, many of the figures arrived in England incomplete. The task of turning Gottstein's ideas into reality fell to his English friends and those friends who had managed to escape from the Continent.
534:
produced ever-more elaborate (moving) dioramas through the 1830s; sound effects and even living performers were added. Some "typical diorama effects included moonlit nights, winter snow turning into a summer meadow, rainbows after a storm, illuminated fountains," waterfalls, thunder and lightning,
1162:
in 1876. The complex diorama featured taxidermied animals in realistic action poses, running water, and live prairie dogs. It is speculated that this display was the first of its kind . Maxwell's pioneering diorama work is said to have influenced major figures in taxidermy history who entered the
832:
was found to be inaccurate and had to be redesigned. The names of the vast majority of painters employed by
Gottstein are mostly unknown, most lived and worked on the continent, among them Gustave Kenmow, Leopold Rieche, L. Dunekate, M. Alexandre, A. Ochel, Honey Ray, and, perhaps Gottstein's top
1285:, is collected on site and soaked in wallpaper paste for preservation and presentation in the diorama. Water is simulated using glass or plexiglass with ripples carved on the surface. For a diorama to be successful, the foreground and background must merge, so both artists have to work together.
1288:
Taxidermy specimens are usually the centrepiece of dioramas. Since they must entertain, as well as educate, specimens are set in lifelike poses, so as to convey a narrative of an animal's life. Smaller animals are usually made with rubber moulds and painted. Larger animals are prepared by first
263:
Modern museum dioramas may be seen in most major natural-history museums. Typically, these displays use a tilted plane to represent what would otherwise be a level surface, incorporate a painted background of distant objects, and often employ false perspective, carefully modifying the scale of
1170:
Soon, the concern for accuracy came. Groups of scientists, taxidermists, and artists would go on expeditions to ensure accurate backgrounds and collect specimens, though some would be donated by game hunters. Natural history dioramas reached the peak of their grandeur with the opening of the
143:
Daguerre's and Bouton's diorama consisted of a piece of material painted on both sides. When illuminated from the front, the scene would be shown in one state and by switching to illumination from behind another phase or aspect would be seen. Scenes in daylight changed to moonlight, a train
722:
Dennis (Denny) C. Stokes, a talented painter and diorama maker in his own right, was responsible for the painting of the backgrounds of all the dioramas, creating a unity seen throughout the whole series. Denny Stokes was given the overall supervision of the fifteen dioramas.
414:, where statues and dioramas were commissioned to teach traditional Chinese values. Today, the site contains over 150 giant dioramas depicting scenes from Chinese Literature, folklore, legends, history, philosophy and statuary of key Chinese religions, Taoism, Buddhism and
1175:
in 1936, which featured large animals, such as elephants, surrounded by even larger scenery. Nowadays, various institutions lay different claims to notable dioramas. The
Milwaukee Public Museum still displays the world's first diorama, created by Akeley; the
713:, all displaying their own figures, and those commissioned from such as Ludwig Frank in large diorama form. In 1933, Gottstein left Germany, and in 1935 founded the British Model Soldier Society. Gottstein persuaded designer and painter friends in both
823:
Krunert, Schirmer, Frank, Frauendorf, Maier, Franz Rieche, and
Oesterrich were also involved in the manufacture and design of figures for the various dioramas. Krunert (a Viennese), like Gottstein an exile in London, was given the job of engraving for
1568:
84:
is a replica of a scene, typically a three-dimensional model either full-sized or miniature. Sometimes it is enclosed in a glass showcase for a museum. Dioramas are often built by hobbyists as part of related hobbies such as
1102:, an artist with an interest in taxidermy, during the early 19th century. To present his specimens, Peale "painted skies and landscapes on the back of cases displaying his taxidermy specimens". By the late 19th century, the
1010:
San
Francisco filmmaker James Chan is producing and directing a documentary about Wong and the "changing landscape of Chinatown" in San Francisco. The documentary is tentatively titled, "Frank Wong's Chinatown".
448:. The park was a major local attraction During the 1970s and 1980s; it is estimated that the park then welcomed at least 1 million annual visitors, and is considered as part of Singapore's cultural heritage.
850:
Denny Stokes painted all the backgrounds of all the dioramas, Herbert Norris, the
Historical Costume Designer, whom J. F. Lovel-Barnes introduced to Gottstein, was responsible for the costume design of the
273:
means of presenting a realistic view of a large scene in a compact space. A photograph or single-eye view of such a diorama can be especially convincing, since in this case there is no distraction by the
701:, who was an avid collector and designer of flat model figures called flats. In 1930, Gottstein's influence is first seen at the Leipzig International Exhibition, along with the dioramas of Hahnemann of
251:
233:
at about 7.45 pm, on 18 June 1815. The diorama measures 8.33 by 6 metres (27.3 by 19.7 ft) and used around 70,000 model soldiers in its construction. It is now part of the collection of the
549:
Exhibition venues : Paris (Pa.1822-28) : London (Lo.1823-32) : Liverpool (Li.1827-32) : Manchester (Ma.1825-27) : Dublin (Du.1826-28) : Edinburgh (Ed.1828-36)
1135:
in 1889, where it is still held. Akeley set taxidermy muskrats in a three-dimensional re-creation of their wetland habitat with a realistic painted background. With the support of curator
202:
Miniature dioramas are typically much smaller, and use scale models and landscaping to create historical or fictional scenes. Such a scale model-based diorama is used, for example, in
515:
in London was opened by an association of
British men (having bought Daguerre's tableaux) in 1823, a year after the debut of Daguerre's Paris original. The building was designed by
500:(1787–1851), formerly a decorator, manufacturer of mirrors, painter of Panoramas, and designer and painter of theatrical stage illusions. Daguerre would later co-invent the
950:; according to the curator, the diorama had not been in his possession since 1980, nor is it listed in their Accession Book, so the whereabouts of this diorama is unknown.
183:
375:
in the background contrasted with two or three-dimensional models in the foreground. In
California elementary schools, a popular assignment has fourth graders making a
318:
Landscapes built around model railways can also be considered dioramas, even though they often have to compromise scale accuracy for better operating characteristics.
1093:
Early natural history diorama at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition created by Martha Maxwell. Stereograph image produced by Centennial Photographic Company
1304:
pieces. These dioramas range from small vignettes to large, table-sized displays, and are sometimes constructed in a collaboration of two or more people. Some
1086:
extremely popular during the first half of the 20th century, both in the US and UK, later on giving way to television, film, and new perspectives on science.
975:
of his youth during the 1930s and 1940s. In 2004, Wong donated seven miniatures of scenes of Chinatown, titled "The Chinatown Miniatures Collection", to the
349:
2617:
883:
Museum. When the museum was closed the fifteen dioramas were distributed to various museums and institutions. The greatest number are to be found at the
1109:
1847:
Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006; p. 13–14.
2122:
207:
1927:
Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006, p. 18.
1909:
Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006, p. 16.
1856:
Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006; p. 15.
1829:
Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006; p. 10.
1334:
834:
1808:
Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006; p. 8.
1443:
2185:
1712:
2522:
2099:
1988:
1894:
976:
1292:
If an animal is large enough, the scaffolding that holds the specimen needs to be incorporated into the foreground design and construction.
2527:
1868:
Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006.
1066:
1649:
1177:
1172:
1140:
303:
Miniature dioramas may be used to represent scenes from historic events. A typical example of this type is the dioramas to be seen at
290:
187:
69:
1249:
1071:
660:
46:
1444:"Model of the field of Waterloo made by Captain William Siborne, 1838 | Online Collection | National Army Museum, London"
1838:
Carla Yanni, Nature's Museums: Victorian Science and the Architecture of Display, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, p. 150.
556: :: (Pa.1822-23) : (Lo.1823-24) : (Li.1827-28) : (Ma.1825) : (Du.1826-27) : (Ed. 1828-29 & 1831)
2637:
1734:
440:
1493:
1089:
1051:
Nonetheless, dioramas remained popular in England, Scotland, and Ireland through most of the 19th century, lasting until 1880.
880:
759:
674:
497:
1953:
1791:
2068:
1690:
1231:
943:
833:
painter, Vladimir Douchkine (a Russian émigré who lived in Paris). Douchkine was responsible for painting two figures of the
638:
380:
167:
of a landscape typically showing historical events, nature scenes or cityscapes, for purposes of education or entertainment.
1641:
Playing at the world : a history of simulating wars, people and fantastic adventures, from chess to role-playing games
1181:
685:. When the museum closed, the various exhibits and their 15 known dioramas were distributed to smaller museums throughout
512:
466:
304:
179:
137:
2038:
357:
740:
2632:
2506:
1518:
801:
364:
163:
The current, popular understanding of the term "diorama" denotes a partially three-dimensional, full-size replica or
1918:
Elizabeth Hanson, Animal Attractions: Nature on Display in American Zoos, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 91.
186:
from Bucharest Romania and constituted a source of inspiration for many important museums in the world (such as the
2223:
2178:
754:
376:
340:
diorama for an elementary school class project; the featured subject is a maternal great-grandfather of the student
519:. Bouton operated the Regent's Park diorama from 1830 to 1840, when it was taken over by his protégé, the painter
2647:
964:
353:
568: :: (Pa.1823-24) : (Lo.1825) : (Li.1827-28) : (Ma.1827) : (Du.1828) : (Ed.1829-30)
191:
2554:
2532:
2275:
1227:
1143:. Combining art with science, these exhibitions were intended to educate the public about the growing need for
972:
634:
623:
321:
Hobbyists also build dioramas of historical or quasi-historical events using a variety of materials, including
215:
31:
562: :: (Pa.1823) : (Lo.1824-25 & 1837) : (Li.1825-26) : (Ma.1826-27) : (Ed. 1834–35)
473:
The Diorama was a popular entertainment that originated in Paris in 1822. An alternative to the also popular "
418:. The best-known attraction in Haw Par Villa is the Ten Courts of Hell, which features gruesome depictions of
2622:
2596:
1220:
1164:
1132:
1121:
784:
673:
Until 1968, Britain boasted a large collection of dioramas. These collections were originally housed in the
642:
627:
531:
520:
434:
285:
2412:
2255:
765:
526:
The Regent's Park diorama was a popular sensation, and spawned immediate imitations. British artists like
516:
367:, mostly in elementary and middle schools. They are often made to represent historical events, ecological
86:
2137:
2171:
1159:
1099:
1036:
371:, cultural scenes, or to visually depict literature. They are usually made from a shoebox and contain a
1180:, in New York, has what might be the world's largest diorama: a life-size replica of a blue whale; the
225:
An early, and exceptionally large example was created between 1830 and 1838 by a British Army officer.
152:
1447:
535:
and ringing bells. A diorama painted by Daguerre is currently housed in the church of the French town
2474:
1196:, in Kent, UK, is known for having the world's oldest, unchanged, room-sized diorama, built in 1896.
1193:
1148:
1144:
493:
234:
125:
104:
dioramas in museums became less fashionable, leading to many being removed, dismantled or destroyed.
62:
2280:
2213:
2153:
1055:
428:
274:
956:
is housed in the Staffordshire Regiment Museum at Whittington near Lichfield in Staffordshire, UK
574: :: (Pa.1824-25) : (Lo.1826-27) : (Li.1828-29) : (Du.1827-28) : (Ed.1835)
2627:
2337:
1462:
1325:
1151:
is charged with the creation of all dioramas and otherwise immersive environments in the museum.
795:
791:
771:
734:
527:
478:
230:
144:
travelling on a track would crash, or an earthquake would be shown in before and after pictures.
372:
2642:
2570:
2095:
1984:
1890:
1645:
1612:
1359:
778:
423:
182:
opened in 1893. It had several dioramas, over three floors. They were also implemented by the
50:
1978:
2577:
2306:
2077:
1136:
1024:
847:, one of which was used, the other, Gottstein being the true collector, was never released.
807:
678:
496:(1781– 1853), a Troubador painter who also worked at the Panorama under Pierre Prévost, and
469:, London 1823, by A. Pugin and J. Morgan (illustration reproduced from Gernsheim 1968, p 21)
297:
269:
65:
2072:
1674:: Issue One – April 1986. The Gottstein Dioramas - England's Flat Heritage. By Jan Redley.
1429:
1354:
852:
747:
693:. These dioramas were the brainchild of the wealthy furrier Otto Gottstein (1892–1951) of
325:
of military vehicles, ships or other equipment, along with scale figures and landscaping.
226:
113:
101:
1792:"Image of polyrama panoptique, french, 1820-30. by Science & Society Picture Library"
1192:
is known for its three dioramas, all created in 1893, and all in original condition; the
586: :: (Pa.1826-27) : (Lo.1828-29) : (Li.1832) : (Ed.1833-34 & 1838)
243:, a prominent hobbyist, popularized the modern miniature diorama beginning in the 1970s.
1639:
329:
sea chest. Nowadays, such antique sailing ship dioramas are valuable collectors' items.
140:
on September 29, 1823. The meaning "small-scale replica of a scene, etc." is from 1902.
2208:
2158:
1543:
1430:"Model of the field of Waterloo with troops positioned as at 19.45 hours, 18 June 1815"
1374:
1364:
1155:
1103:
884:
817:
445:
211:
129:
121:
117:
94:
1738:
386:
2611:
2549:
2311:
2243:
1349:
1040:
727:
536:
501:
407:
322:
240:
156:
73:
1412:
112:
The word "diorama" originated in 1823 as a type of picture-viewing device, from the
2539:
2301:
2265:
2238:
1369:
1045:
947:
698:
415:
332:
90:
42:
2065:
2089:
1884:
120:
di- "through" + orama "that which is seen, a sight". The diorama was invented by
2501:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2296:
2260:
2250:
2194:
1384:
1282:
1209:
1128:
1113:
1032:
923:
922:, and is still in reasonable condition. It shows the Norman cavalry charging up
868:
612:
505:
399:
395:
164:
17:
1817:
1019:
2559:
2544:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2270:
2142:
2011:
1315:
1127:
The first habitat diorama created for a museum was constructed by taxidermist
968:
485:
461:
403:
345:
2127:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2449:
2233:
2218:
1344:
1339:
1185:
682:
411:
344:
One of the largest dioramas ever created was a model of the entire State of
337:
171:
1027:
was created during World War II on the basis of information then available.
37:
2564:
2444:
2439:
2434:
1075:
931:
919:
474:
265:
219:
116:
in 1822. The word literally means "through that which is seen", from the
1760:
1463:"Is the End Coming for a Problematic California Grade School Tradition?"
1319:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2123:
R. D. Wood's Essays on the early history of photography and the Diorama
1234: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1079:
856:
714:
694:
686:
203:
2154:
A diorama example: Mountain landscape with epoxy resin stream and lake
1106:
held an exhibition featuring taxidermy birds set on models of plants.
979:(CHSA). The dioramas are on permanent display in CHSA's Main Gallery:
57:
1189:
860:
718:
710:
706:
690:
368:
312:
175:
2091:
Natural History Dioramas: History, Construction and Educational Role
1626:
1494:"Living in Chinatown: Memories in Miniature, Created by Frank Wong"
2163:
2147:
1108:
1065:
1058:
could display images in the home and was marketed from the 1820s.
1018:
460:
385:
331:
284:
256:
250:
151:
133:
56:
36:
2082:
L.J.M. Daguerre, The History of The Diorama and the Daguerreotype
1864:
1862:
1691:"Frank Wong recalls life in Chinatown through miniature dioramas"
1281:
or dried to then be added to the diorama. Ground debris, such as
2491:
1301:
702:
419:
308:
2167:
2132:
2128:
The world's largest collection of antique sailing ship dioramas
1954:"Museum Dioramas Are as Endangered as the Animals They Contain"
1139:, Akeley designed the popular habitat dioramas featured at the
1379:
1203:
606:
592: :: (Pa.1827-28) : (Lo.1829-30) : (Ed. 1838–39)
598: :: (Pa.1828-29) : (Lo.1830-32) : (Ed.1835-36)
580: :: (Pa.1825-26) : (Lo.1827-28) : (Ed.1832-33)
1713:""Chinatown in Miniature" Presentation by Artist Frank Wong"
910:
The state of these dioramas is one of debate; John Garratt (
222:). Hobbyist dioramas often use scales such as 1:35 or 1:48.
2066:
Dioramas Muzeul National de Istorie Naturala Grigore Antipa
1544:"The Diorama in Great Britain by R. D. Wood: Introduction"
971:(born 22 September 1932) created dioramas that depict the
426:. Other major attractions include dioramas of scenes from
1818:
Diorama Exhibition at the American Natural History Museum
2039:"The new LEGO House is the ultimate homage to the brick"
887:, (130-9th Avenue, S. E. Calgary, Alberta, Canada): RE:
2150:– an outlet for Lego builders to display their dioramas
1262:
Natural history dioramas typically consist of 3 parts:
30:
This article is about the display. For other uses, see
889:
The Landing of the Romans under Julius Caesar in 55 BC
170:
One of the first uses of dioramas in a museum was in
1154:
A predecessor of Akeley, naturalist and taxidermist
2515:
2320:
2289:
2201:
2143:
A diorama video taken using an Olympus E-PM1 camera
1644:. San Diego: Unreason Press LLC. pp. 270–272.
492:The inventors and proprietors of the Diorama were
352:of 1915 and that for a long time was installed in
184:Grigore Antipa National Museum of Natural History
1935:
1933:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1054:A small scale version of the diorama called the
918:diorama was to be found in the Old Town Museum,
1737:. Good Medicine Picture Company. Archived from
1300:Lego dioramas are dioramas that are built from
810:(figures by Ochel and Petrocochino/Paul Armont)
760:Queen Elizabeth reviewing her troops at Tilbury
1947:
1945:
1519:"Haw Par Villa looks set for another makeover"
930:is in the Museum of Artillery at the Rotunda,
543:Daguerre diorama exhibitions (R.D. Wood, 1993)
255:A diorama in the Museum of Natural History in
27:Three-dimensional full-size or miniature model
2179:
2138:A tutorial on how to make a miniature diorama
264:objects placed on the plane to reinforce the
100:In the United States around 1950 and onward,
8:
1983:. Guinness World Records. 2016. p. 46.
905:The Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava
296:based on the left photo captured during the
1980:Guinness World Records 2017 Gamer's Edition
1627:About the diorama on Bry's official website
1305:
641:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2186:
2172:
2164:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1672:Journal of the British Flat Figure Society
2088:Tunnicliffe, S.D.; Scheersoi, A. (2014).
1761:"Frank Wong and His Chinatown Miniatures"
1308:engage in the building of Lego dioramas.
1250:Learn how and when to remove this message
1158:created a famous habitat diorama for the
661:Learn how and when to remove this message
2094:. EBL-Schweitzer. Springer Netherlands.
1939:Tunnicliffe & Scheersoi, 2014, p. 2.
1403:Tunnicliffe & Scheersoi, 2014, p. 8.
1088:
875:. J.F. Lovel-Barnes was responsible for
1715:. Chinese Historical Society of America
1575:Le cloître de Saint-Sever près de Rouen
1396:
1335:Armor Modeling and Preservation Society
350:Panama–Pacific International Exposition
1600:, London, Phaidon Press, 1999; p. 156.
1498:Chinese Historical Society of America
977:Chinese Historical Society of America
7:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1232:adding citations to reliable sources
639:adding citations to reliable sources
2133:World War II Dioramas in 1:35 scale
1613:All about Daguerre's diorama in Bry
1567:Schaack-Millet, Marion (May 2018).
1413:Diorama - Word Origin & History
1023:This photorealistic diorama of the
1689:Guthrie, Julian (23 August 2014).
1178:American Museum of Natural History
1141:American Museum of Natural History
504:, the first widely used method of
390:Interior of the Ten Courts of Hell
188:American Museum of Natural History
70:American Museum of Natural History
25:
2618:Audiovisual introductions in 1822
1072:Finnish Museum of Natural History
689:and elsewhere, some ending up in
47:Jawaharlal Nehru Museum, Itanagar
2592:
2591:
1415:- Online Etymology Dictionary -
1318:
1208:
1163:field later, such as Akeley and
726:The Landing of the Romans under
611:
441:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
363:Dioramas are widely used in the
214:. This diorama employs a common
1219:needs additional citations for
881:Royal United Services Institute
787:(engraved by Krunert of Vienna)
675:Royal United Services Institute
1952:Kutner, Max (August 2, 2015).
1461:Imbler, Sabrina (2019-09-12).
1173:Akeley Hall of African Mammals
944:Royal Military School of Music
940:The Field of the Cloth of Gold
936:Encyclopedia of Model Soldiers
865:The Field of the Cloth of Gold
208:Museum of Science and Industry
41:Near life-size diorama of the
1:
2414:Standard gauge railway scales
2016:HispaBrick Magazine, issue 23
942:was in the possession of the
2080:; Gernsheim, Alison (1968).
1419:. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
498:Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre
2476:Narrow gauge railway scales
1796:www.scienceandsociety.co.uk
1517:Lin, Melissa (2015-09-27).
912:The World of Model Soldiers
802:Charge of the Light Brigade
539:, where he lived and died.
381:California Spanish missions
365:American educational system
2664:
2018:. June 10, 2020. p. 8
873:Queen Elizabeth at Tilbury
755:Field of the Cloth of Gold
697:, a Jewish immigrant from
444:and the 12 animals in the
305:Norway's Resistance Museum
291:Japanese aircraft carrier
192:Great Oceanographic Museum
138:The Diorama, Regent's Park
29:
2587:
1693:. San Francisco Chronicle
1118:The Muskrat Habitat Group
965:San Francisco, California
926:toward the Saxon lines.
901:The Old Guard at Waterloo
863:, some of the figures of
422:in Chinese mythology and
394:Burmese-Chinese brothers
289:A 1/700 scale diorama of
91:miniature figure modeling
87:military vehicle modeling
2159:Example of book dioramas
1820:. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
1735:"Frank Wong's Chinatown"
1070:The bear diorama at the
584:The Village of Unterseen
513:diorama in Regent's Park
32:Diorama (disambiguation)
2638:Landscape art by medium
1889:. Artisan. p. 21.
1883:Robert Marbury (2014).
1432:. National Army Museum.
1165:William Temple Hornaday
1133:Milwaukee Public Museum
1122:Milwaukee Public Museum
973:San Francisco Chinatown
377:Spanish mission diorama
1638:Peterson, Jon (2012).
1266:The painted background
1124:
1094:
1082:
1028:
916:The Battle of Hastings
897:The Battle of Blenheim
877:The Battle of Blenheim
774:(painted by Douchkine)
766:Battle of Marston Moor
677:Museum, (formerly the
517:Augustus Charles Pugin
470:
391:
341:
300:
260:
160:
77:
54:
2084:. Dover Publications.
1571:Un intérieur d'église
1112:
1100:Charles Willson Peale
1092:
1069:
1022:
590:The Village of Thiers
464:
389:
335:
288:
254:
229:, and represents the
155:
60:
40:
1228:improve this article
1194:Powell-Cotton Museum
1149:AMNH Exhibitions Lab
1145:habitat conservation
954:The Battle of Ulundi
928:The Storming of Acre
842:The Blenheim Diorama
826:The Battle of Quebec
813:The Battle of Fleurs
635:improve this section
560:The Harbour of Brest
554:The Valley of Sarnen
521:Charles-CaĂŻus Renoux
494:Charles-Marie Bouton
402:, the developers of
275:binocular perception
235:National Army Museum
190:in New York and the
159:construction diorama
136:in July 1822 and at
126:Charles Marie Bouton
1272:Taxidermy specimens
1056:Polyrama Panoptique
983:"The Moon Festival"
934:. John Garratt, in
835:Duke of Marlborough
750:(figures by Muller)
743:(figures by Muller)
596:The Mont St. Godard
566:The Holyrood Chapel
465:Ground-plan of the
457:Daguerre and Bouton
429:Journey to the West
379:to learn about the
2633:Visual arts genres
2148:The Brothers Brick
2071:2016-10-24 at the
1781:Lambourne, p. 157.
1598:Victorian Painting
1596:Lionel Lambourne,
1326:Visual arts portal
1160:first World's Fair
1125:
1095:
1083:
1029:
989:"Chinese New Year"
830:The Death of Wolfe
772:Battle of Blenheim
735:Battle of Hastings
578:The Ruins in a Fog
528:Clarkson Stanfield
479:panoramic painting
471:
392:
342:
301:
261:
231:Battle of Waterloo
161:
78:
55:
2605:
2604:
2571:Diecast Collector
2101:978-94-017-9496-1
2078:Gernsheim, Helmut
1990:978-1-910561-69-0
1896:978-1-57965-558-7
1741:on 27 August 2014
1584:www.versailles.fr
1569:"L'Objet du mois—
1523:The Straits Times
1260:
1259:
1252:
1182:Biological Museum
995:"Christmas Scene"
992:"Chinese Laundry"
986:"Shoeshine Stand"
837:on horseback for
779:Battle of Plessey
671:
670:
663:
572:The Roslin Chapel
216:model railroading
180:Biological Museum
95:aircraft modeling
51:Arunachal Pradesh
16:(Redirected from
2655:
2648:1820s neologisms
2595:
2594:
2578:Meccano Magazine
2188:
2181:
2174:
2165:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2037:Turk, Victoria.
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2012:""Fairy Bricks""
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1949:
1940:
1937:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1880:
1869:
1866:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1686:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1548:www.midley.co.uk
1542:Wood, R. Derek.
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1446:. Archived from
1440:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1420:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1307:
1255:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1212:
1204:
1137:Frank M. Chapman
1031:Painters of the
1025:Battle of Midway
845:
841:
808:Battle of Ulundi
785:Battle of Quebec
739:The Storming of
699:Hitler's Germany
679:Banqueting House
666:
659:
655:
652:
646:
615:
607:
484:The size of the
467:Diorama Building
298:Battle of Midway
270:depth perception
66:mountain gorilla
63:Exhibition Lab's
21:
18:Vignette (model)
2663:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2583:
2555:Miniature model
2511:
2316:
2285:
2197:
2195:Scale modelling
2192:
2119:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2087:
2073:Wayback Machine
2062:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1882:
1881:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1355:Moving panorama
1324:
1317:
1314:
1298:
1256:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1225:
1213:
1202:
1120:diorama at the
1064:
1062:Natural history
1017:
1008:
962:
893:Battle Of Crecy
853:Ancient Britons
843:
839:
748:Battle of Crecy
667:
656:
650:
647:
632:
616:
605:
459:
454:
283:
249:
227:William Siborne
218:scale of 1:87 (
200:
150:
130:first exhibited
110:
102:natural history
68:diorama at the
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2661:
2659:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Scale modeling
2620:
2610:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2523:List of brands
2519:
2517:
2516:Related topics
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2117:External links
2115:
2114:
2113:
2100:
2085:
2075:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2029:
2003:
1989:
1970:
1941:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1895:
1870:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1810:
1801:
1783:
1774:
1752:
1726:
1704:
1676:
1664:
1651:978-0615642048
1650:
1630:
1616:
1602:
1589:
1559:
1534:
1509:
1478:
1453:
1450:on 2017-02-02.
1435:
1421:
1417:Dictionary.com
1405:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:Tableau vivant
1372:
1367:
1365:Nativity scene
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1313:
1310:
1297:
1294:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:The foreground
1267:
1258:
1257:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1156:Martha Maxwell
1104:British Museum
1063:
1060:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
961:
958:
938:, states that
885:Glenbow Museum
821:
820:
818:D-Day landings
814:
811:
804:
798:
788:
781:
775:
768:
762:
757:
751:
744:
737:
731:
709:and Muller of
669:
668:
619:
617:
610:
604:
601:
600:
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
547:
546:
544:
458:
455:
453:
450:
446:Chinese zodiac
358:Ferry Building
348:built for the
323:plastic models
282:
279:
248:
245:
199:
196:
149:
146:
122:Louis Daguerre
109:
106:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2660:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Miniature art
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:Architectural
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1886:Taxidermy Art
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1560:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1468:
1467:Atlas Obscura
1464:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Model airport
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1254:
1251:
1243:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1217:This section
1215:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1147:. The modern
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1041:Francis Danby
1038:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1005:
1000:
998:"Single Room"
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
957:
955:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
848:
846:
836:
831:
827:
819:
815:
812:
809:
805:
803:
799:
797:
793:
789:
786:
782:
780:
776:
773:
769:
767:
763:
761:
758:
756:
752:
749:
745:
742:
738:
736:
732:
729:
728:Julius Caesar
725:
724:
723:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
665:
662:
654:
651:November 2023
644:
640:
636:
630:
629:
625:
620:This section
618:
614:
609:
608:
602:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
551:
550:
545:
542:
541:
540:
538:
537:Bry-sur-Marne
533:
532:David Roberts
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
502:daguerreotype
499:
495:
490:
487:
482:
480:
476:
468:
463:
456:
451:
449:
447:
443:
442:
437:
436:
435:Fengshen Bang
431:
430:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:Haw Par Villa
405:
401:
397:
388:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
354:San Francisco
351:
347:
339:
334:
330:
326:
324:
319:
316:
314:
310:
306:
299:
295:
294:
287:
280:
278:
276:
271:
267:
258:
253:
246:
244:
242:
241:Sheperd Paine
238:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
197:
195:
194:in Berlin) .
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
166:
158:
157:Cooling tower
154:
147:
145:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
107:
105:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
83:
75:
74:New York City
71:
67:
64:
59:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2576:
2569:
2475:
2413:
2338:1:18 diecast
2228:
2224:Construction
2105:. Retrieved
2090:
2081:
2046:. Retrieved
2042:
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2015:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1979:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1885:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1739:the original
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1671:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1640:
1633:
1619:
1605:
1597:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:
1537:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:
1512:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:
1456:
1448:the original
1438:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1399:
1370:Model figure
1299:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1261:
1246:
1237:
1226:Please help
1221:verification
1218:
1200:Construction
1169:
1153:
1126:
1117:
1096:
1084:
1053:
1050:
1046:York Minster
1030:
1009:
1001:"Herb Store"
963:
953:
952:
948:Kneller Hall
939:
935:
927:
915:
911:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
876:
872:
871:figures for
864:
849:
838:
829:
825:
822:
705:, Biebel of
672:
657:
648:
633:Please help
621:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
548:
525:
510:
491:
483:
472:
439:
433:
427:
416:Confucianism
393:
373:trompe-l'Ĺ“il
362:
343:
338:genealogical
327:
320:
317:
302:
292:
262:
239:
224:
201:
178:, where the
169:
162:
142:
111:
99:
81:
79:
43:Monpa people
1657:17 November
1624:(in French)
1610:(in French)
1385:Toy soldier
1283:leaf litter
1129:Carl Akeley
1114:Carl Akeley
1037:John Martin
1006:Documentary
924:Senlac Hill
869:Elizabethan
506:photography
424:in Buddhism
410:in 1937 in
400:Aw Boon Par
396:Aw Boon Haw
237:in London.
212:railroading
210:to display
165:scale model
2612:Categories
2560:Port Revel
2545:Kitbashing
2307:Matchstick
2060:References
1763:. IMDB.com
1553:2017-11-07
1528:2018-08-14
1503:2023-12-03
1472:2023-12-11
969:Frank Wong
730:in 55 B.C.
486:proscenium
404:Tiger Balm
346:California
277:of depth.
2628:Figurines
2487:H0m scale
2482:H0e scale
2450:Protofour
2290:Materials
2281:Wargaming
2234:Dollhouse
1767:26 August
1745:26 August
1719:26 August
1697:26 August
1360:Myriorama
1345:Cyclorama
1340:Cosmorama
1240:June 2021
1186:Stockholm
1035:era like
792:Old Guard
683:Whitehall
622:does not
603:Gottstein
511:A second
412:Singapore
406:, opened
247:Full-size
198:Miniature
172:Stockholm
108:Etymology
2643:Dioramas
2597:Category
2565:Room box
2528:Aircraft
2445:OO scale
2440:HO scale
2435:TT scale
2256:Military
2209:Aircraft
2202:Products
2107:June 12,
2069:Archived
2048:June 12,
2043:WIRED UK
2022:June 12,
1996:June 12,
1963:June 12,
1958:Newsweek
1312:See also
1131:for the
1076:Helsinki
1033:Romantic
932:Woolwich
920:Hastings
867:and the
796:Waterloo
475:Panorama
452:Historic
268:through
266:illusion
220:HO scale
2507:V scale
2470:1 scale
2465:O scale
2460:G scale
2455:S scale
2430:N scale
2425:Z scale
2420:T gauge
2312:Plastic
2302:Diecast
2276:Railway
2229:Diorama
1080:Finland
967:artist
857:Normans
715:Germany
695:Leipzig
687:England
643:removed
628:sources
259:(Italy)
204:Chicago
82:diorama
53:, India
45:at the
2540:Gundam
2321:Scales
2266:Rocket
2244:Action
2239:Figure
2098:
1987:
1893:
1648:
1190:Sweden
861:Saxons
855:, the
719:France
711:Erfurt
707:Berlin
691:Canada
681:), in
369:biomes
313:Norway
176:Sweden
148:Modern
114:French
2502:16 mm
2408:1:700
2403:1:500
2398:1:350
2393:1:285
2388:1:200
2383:1:144
2297:Brass
2261:Robot
2251:Horse
1580:(PDF)
1392:Notes
1015:Other
844:'
840:'
293:Hiryū
257:Milan
134:Paris
118:Greek
93:, or
2533:Cars
2492:Gn15
2378:1:72
2373:1:64
2368:1:50
2363:1:48
2358:1:43
2353:1:35
2348:1:32
2343:1:24
2333:1:18
2328:1:12
2271:Ship
2219:Cars
2109:2021
2096:ISBN
2050:2021
2024:2021
1998:2021
1985:ISBN
1965:2021
1891:ISBN
1769:2014
1747:2014
1721:2014
1699:2014
1659:2023
1646:ISBN
1306:AFOL
1302:Lego
1296:Lego
1039:and
960:Wong
903:and
859:and
816:The
806:The
800:The
790:The
783:The
777:The
770:The
764:The
753:The
746:The
741:Acre
733:The
717:and
703:Kiel
626:any
624:cite
530:and
420:Hell
398:and
309:Oslo
281:Uses
124:and
61:The
2497:On2
1573:et
1380:Toy
1230:by
1184:in
1116:'s
1074:in
891:,
794:at
637:by
477:" (
356:'s
307:in
206:'s
132:in
72:in
2614::
2041:.
2014:.
1956:.
1944:^
1932:^
1873:^
1861:^
1794:.
1679:^
1582:.
1546:.
1521:.
1496:.
1481:^
1465:.
1188:,
1167:.
1078:,
946:,
907:.
899:,
895:,
828:.
523:.
508:.
438:,
432:,
383:.
360:.
336:A
315:.
311:,
174:,
128:,
97:.
89:,
80:A
49:,
2187:e
2180:t
2173:v
2111:.
2052:.
2026:.
2000:.
1967:.
1899:.
1798:.
1771:.
1749:.
1723:.
1701:.
1661:.
1586:.
1577:"
1556:.
1531:.
1506:.
1475:.
1253:)
1247:(
1242:)
1238:(
1224:.
664:)
658:(
653:)
649:(
645:.
631:.
76:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.