578:
and
Jaswant R. Jain further developed motion-compensated DCT video compression. This led to Chen developing a practical video compression algorithm, called motion-compensated DCT or adaptive scene coding, in 1981. Motion-compensated DCT later became the standard coding technique for video compression
1724:
is almost as easy as editing uncompressed video: one finds the beginning and ending of each frame, and simply copies bit-for-bit each frame that one wants to keep, and discards the frames one does not want. Another difference between intraframe and interframe compression is that, with intraframe
325:
problem, meaning that it is practically impossible to find an optimal solution. Though the video coding format must support such compression across frames in the bitstream format, by not needlessly mandating specific algorithms for finding such block-matches and other encoding steps, the codecs
326:
implementing the video coding specification have some freedom to optimize and innovate in their choice of algorithms. For example, section 0.5 of the H.264 specification says that encoding algorithms are not part of the specification. Free choice of algorithm also allows different
595:(now ITU-T) in 1984. H.120 was not usable in practice, as its performance was too poor. H.120 used motion-compensated DPCM coding, a lossless compression algorithm that was inefficient for video coding. During the late 1980s, a number of companies began experimenting with
546:
coding in the spatial dimension. In 1975, John A. Roese and Guner S. Robinson extended Habibi's hybrid coding algorithm to the temporal dimension, using transform coding in the spatial dimension and predictive coding in the temporal dimension, developing
1701:, in which each frame of the video stream is compressed independently without referring to other frames in the stream, and no attempt is made to take advantage of correlations between successive pictures over time for better compression. One example is
854:
format, intended for free license. As of 2019, AVC is by far the most commonly used format for the recording, compression, and distribution of video content, used by 91% of video developers, followed by HEVC which is used by 43% of developers.
1740:
to be used for editing. However, this process demands a lot more computing power than editing intraframe compressed video with the same picture quality. But, this compression is not very effective to use for any audio format.
1753:
and levels. It is possible to have a decoder which only supports decoding a subset of profiles and levels of a given video format, for example to make the decoder program/hardware smaller, simpler, or faster.
3211:
H.263 is similar to, but more complex than H.261. It is currently the most widely used international video compression standard for video telephony on ISDN (Integrated
Services Digital Network) telephone
1716:
Because interframe compression copies data from one frame to another, if the original frame is simply cut out (or lost in transmission), the following frames cannot be reconstructed properly. Making
599:(DCT) coding, a much more efficient form of compression for video coding. The CCITT received 14 proposals for DCT-based video compression formats, in contrast to a single proposal based on
145:-encoded audio. Multimedia container formats can contain one of several different video coding formats; for example, the MP4 container format can contain video coding formats such as
1910:"SERIES H: AUDIOVISUAL AND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS : Infrastructure of audiovisual services – Coding of moving video : Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services"
207:, or hardware to encode/decode data in a given video coding format from/to uncompressed video are implementations of those specifications. As an analogy, the video coding format
555:(FFT), developing inter-frame hybrid coders for them, and found that the DCT is the most efficient due to its reduced complexity, capable of compressing image data down to 0.25-
1736:
It is possible to build a computer-based video editor that spots problems caused when I frames are edited out while other frames need them. This has allowed newer formats like
4987:
3757:
815:) video coding standard covered only by royalty-free patents. Patent status has also been a major point of contention for the choice of which video formats the mainstream
3196:
2920:
4871:
4662:
4058:
3588:
3552:
575:
235:
203:, there is a clear conceptual difference between a specification and its implementations. Video coding formats are described in specifications, and software,
2016:
4300:
2709:
Proceedings of the
International Computer Conference 2006 on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing: Chongqing, China, 29-31 August 2006
5281:
4843:
1954:
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4062:
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2171:
530:
introduced hybrid coding, which combines predictive coding with transform coding. He examined several transform coding techniques, including the DCT,
5217:
4445:
2504:
Roese, John A.; Robinson, Guner S. (October 30, 1975). Tescher, Andrew G. (ed.). "Combined
Spatial And Temporal Coding Of Digital Image Sequences".
2095:. Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 and ITU-T SG16 Q.6). July 2002. pp. 11, 24–9, 33, 40–1, 53–6
1709:-compressed images. This approach is quick and simple, at the expense of the encoded video being much larger than a video coding format supporting
570:
The DCT was applied to video encoding by Wen-Hsiung Chen, who developed a fast DCT algorithm with C.H. Smith and S.C. Fralick in 1977, and founded
472:(MC DCT) coding, also called block motion compensation (BMC) or DCT motion compensation. This is a hybrid coding algorithm, which combines two key
4515:
4520:
2462:
A significant advance in image coding methodology occurred with the introduction of the concept of hybrid transform/DPCM coding (Habibi, 1974).
294:. As another example, in Cisco's announcement of a free-as-in-beer video codec, the press release refers to the H.264 video coding format as a
3049:
705:, which was a major leap forward for video compression technology. It uses patents licensed from a number of companies, primarily Mitsubishi,
290:
As an example of conflation, Chromium's and
Mozilla's pages listing their video formats support both call video coding formats, such as H.264
4102:
2350:
1809:
408:, both methods inefficient and impractical for digital video coding. Digital video was introduced in the 1970s, initially using uncompressed
4583:
3034:
1663:
compression. Some video coding formats designed explicitly for either lossy or lossless compression, and some video coding formats such as
551:
motion-compensated hybrid coding. For the spatial transform coding, they experimented with different transforms, including the DCT and the
3261:
2554:
2618:
2274:
1693:
Interframe compression complicates editing of an encoded video sequence. One subclass of relatively simple video coding formats are the
631:, among others. Since H.261, motion-compensated DCT compression has been adopted by all the major video coding standards (including the
5343:
5308:
5286:
4485:
4460:
363:
359:
2616:
Chen, Wen-Hsiung; Smith, C. H.; Fralick, S. C. (September 1977). "A Fast
Computational Algorithm for the Discrete Cosine Transform".
5083:
4697:
4134:
3545:
3442:
3300:
3269:
3204:
2864:
2721:
2685:
2562:
2485:
2455:
2249:
2179:
1824:
527:
2269:
736:; all Blu-ray Disc players must be able to decode H.264. It is also widely used by streaming internet sources, such as videos from
3018:"Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for the use of video and audio coding in DVB services delivered directly over IP"
1909:
607:
standard was developed based on motion-compensated DCT compression. H.261 was the first practical video coding standard, and uses
5125:
4679:
4578:
4368:
3770:
2982:
Wang, Hanli; Kwong, S.; Kok, C. (2006). "Efficient prediction algorithm of integer DCT coefficients for H.264/AVC optimization".
1664:
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1005:
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4290:
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314:
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trade-offs for the same video coding format, so a live feed can use a fast but space-inefficient algorithm, and a one-time
5369:
5031:
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4888:
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105:
Video content encoded using a particular video coding format is normally bundled with an audio stream (encoded using an
84:
3257:
JPEG2000 Image
Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice: Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice
4475:
350:
proposed the concept of transmitting only the portions of the scene that changed from frame-to-frame. The concept of
321:) and adding small differences when necessary. Finding optimal combinations of such predictors and differences is an
3346:
3224:
5394:
5348:
5323:
4813:
4450:
4257:
3709:
1861:
1275:
694:
110:
68:, or hardware implementation capable of compression or decompression in a specific video coding format is called a
2020:
830:(H.265), introduced in 2013. AVC uses the integer DCT with 4x4 and 8x8 block sizes, and HEVC uses integer DCT and
5298:
5259:
4828:
4752:
4671:
3906:
938:
729:
596:
477:
469:
241:
This distinction is not consistently reflected terminologically in the literature. The H.264 specification calls
57:
5212:
5046:
5000:
4862:
4798:
3936:
2213:
539:
272:
video coding format and the accompanying codec they are developing, but calls the video coding format itself a
219:
2042:
3512:
2086:
5205:
5172:
5088:
5026:
4995:
4555:
4315:
2116:
1993:
831:
512:
265:
223:
76:
3405:
2584:
2207:
1733:) are not allowed to copy data from other frames, so they require much more data than other frames nearby.
720:. It was developed in 2003, and uses patents licensed from a number of organizations, primarily Panasonic,
515:
in 1972. It was then developed into a practical image compression algorithm by Ahmed with T. Natarajan and
5399:
5303:
5036:
4883:
4510:
3747:
3688:
3676:
1630:
1625:
1616:
571:
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504:
327:
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implementing the format. For example, a large part of how video compression typically works is by finding
114:
2781:
5389:
5266:
5110:
4900:
4119:
4097:
4075:
3737:
3483:
1853:
1750:
1681:, is a form of lossless video used in some circumstances such as when sending video to a display over a
1311:
757:
678:
439:
428:
409:
142:
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systems, each frame uses a similar amount of data. In most interframe systems, certain frames (such as
317:(block-matching) and then achieving compression by copying previously-coded similar subimages (such as
2114:
Robinson, A. H.; Cherry, C. (1967). "Results of a prototype television bandwidth compression scheme".
377:
researchers Y. Taki, M. Hatori and S. Tanaka, who proposed predictive inter-frame video coding in the
5239:
4926:
4403:
4397:
4087:
4018:
3886:
3856:
3850:
2646:"T.81 – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images – Requirements and guidelines"
2513:
2241:
1761:
restricts which encoding techniques are allowed. For example, the H.264 format includes the profiles
405:
390:
382:
161:) compression format is inside the Matroska container, even though Matroska is capable of containing
5227:
4895:
4687:
4593:
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4252:
4047:
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1117:
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835:
670:
600:
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485:
466:
421:
386:
370:
166:
106:
61:
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298:("choice of a common video codec"), but calls Cisco's implementation of a H.264 encoder/decoder a
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4013:
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2999:
2529:
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1819:
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753:
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489:
401:
378:
88:
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Signal
Processing of HDTV: Proceedings of the International Workshop on HDTV '93, Ottawa, Canada
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2717:
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2237:
Scalable
Continuous Media Streaming Systems: Architecture, Design, Analysis and Implementation
2175:
1829:
1698:
1574:
1181:
1152:
985:
834:
transforms with varied block sizes between 4x4 and 32x32. HEVC is heavily patented, mostly by
682:
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scene with image quality comparable to a typical intra-frame coder requiring 2-bit per pixel.
535:
508:
481:
462:
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394:
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encoding for later mass production can trade long encoding-time for space-efficient encoding.
96:
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49:
2677:
High
Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology
1781:(which can be predicted based on both preceding and following slices) are supported in the
526:
The other key development was motion-compensated hybrid coding. In 1974, Ali Habibi at the
5271:
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4149:
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17:
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1080:
989:
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347:
41:
3163:
2043:"Chapter 3 : Modified A* Prune Algorithm for finding K-MCSP in video compression"
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3137:
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2287:
1721:
1255:
1239:
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1207:
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812:
698:
686:
351:
146:
45:
3229:
Joint Photographic Experts Group, JPEG, and Joint Bi-level Image experts Group, JBIG
3192:
IEEE WESCANEX 97: communications, power, and computing : conference proceedings
2533:
2426:
5073:
4838:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4480:
4455:
3951:
3003:
2839:
Shishikui, Yoshiaki; Nakanishi, Hiroshi; Imaizumi, Hiroyuki (October 26–28, 1993).
2755:
1481:
1435:
1395:
1383:
1224:
749:
733:
343:
1777:(which can be predicted based on preceding slices) are supported in all profiles,
1685:
connection. Some high-end cameras can also capture video directly in this format.
661:, which was developed with patents licensed from a number of companies, primarily
3190:
2441:
153:, which specifies the container format (Matroska), but also exactly which video (
5137:
5078:
5016:
4381:
4376:
3961:
3881:
3610:
3458:
3379:
1749:
A video coding format can define optional restrictions to encoded video, called
1710:
1702:
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1656:
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1399:
1331:
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816:
721:
548:
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69:
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1609:
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961:
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138:
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4505:
4325:
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3941:
2395:
Chen, Z.; He, T.; Jin, X.; Wu, F. (2019). "Learning for Video Compression".
2338:
2317:
1460:
1169:
1027:
799:. The motivation behind many recently designed video coding formats such as
795:, making it expensive to use or potentially risking a patent lawsuit due to
710:
516:
355:
306:
126:
2133:
1800:
is a restriction on parameters such as maximum resolution and data rates.
5098:
4977:
4500:
3926:
3780:
3356:
3168:
2928:
2848:
2304:; Natarajan, T.; Rao, K. R. (January 1974), "Discrete Cosine Transform",
2301:
2265:
1660:
1562:
1391:
1076:
969:
728:. In contrast to the standard DCT used by its predecessors, AVC uses the
624:
215:
204:
199:
Although video coding formats such as H.264 are sometimes referred to as
149:
or H.264. Another example is the initial specification for the file type
130:
65:
5313:
5254:
5167:
4921:
4808:
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4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
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4470:
4234:
4214:
4199:
3988:
3916:
3896:
3324:
3088:
3035:"World, Meet Thor – a Project to Hammer Out a Royalty Free Video Codec"
2893:
2817:
1971:
1726:
1598:
1593:
1375:
1371:
1347:
1203:
1129:
1056:
973:
957:
741:
737:
706:
628:
612:
608:
413:
322:
141:, which is an MP4 container of H.264-encoded video, normally alongside
2525:
5115:
4944:
4573:
4267:
4107:
4028:
4008:
3946:
3683:
3659:
3637:
3625:
3620:
1888:; Gary J. Sullivan; Gisle Bjontegaard & Ajay Luthra (July 2003).
1730:
1578:
1522:
1410:
1351:
1315:
1068:
800:
792:
785:
777:
769:
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642:
450:
435:
417:
158:
3378:
Filippov, Alexey; Norkin, Aney; Alvarez, José Roberto (April 2020).
2409:
453:, significantly greater than the bandwidth available in the 2000s.
230:), there can be many codecs implementing that specification (e.g.,
226:(specific implementation). Note that for each specification (e.g.,
5162:
5093:
4936:
4712:
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4262:
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1668:
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1455:
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1216:
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310:
254:
250:
246:
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227:
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134:
2585:"Reminiscences of the Early Work in DCT: Interview with K.R. Rao"
1895:. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY.
5103:
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3785:
3765:
3380:"RFC 8761 - Video Codec Requirements and Evaluation Methodology"
3111:
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2343:
Discrete Cosine Transform: Algorithms, Advantages, Applications
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5130:
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4692:
4495:
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3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
2984:
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
2397:
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
1994:"Media formats supported by the HTML audio and video elements"
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1585:
1403:
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122:
118:
681:. Its motion-compensated DCT algorithm was able to achieve a
400:
The earliest digital video coding algorithms were either for
2512:. International Society for Optics and Photonics: 172–181.
2167:
Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding
1538:
839:
649:(MPEG), followed in 1991, and it was designed to compress
1659:, since that results in significantly smaller files than
424:(SD) video, which was up to 2,000 times greater than the
283:
specification calls the video coding format VP9 itself a
2443:
Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics: Supplement
2368:
Habibi, Ali (1974). "Hybrid Coding of Pictorial Data".
716:
The most widely used video coding format as of 2019 is
83:. Some such specifications are written and approved by
75:
Some video coding formats are documented by a detailed
3484:"Video Rendering - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
3195:. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada:
1931:
870:
Timeline of international video compression standards
791:
A main problem for many video coding formats has been
192:
is the layout plan for data produced or consumed by a
3437:. Pune, Maharashtra: Nirali Prakashan. p. 3.55.
3288:
Understanding Digital Cinema: A Professional Handbook
438:) available until the 1990s. Similarly, uncompressed
2841:"An HDTV Coding Scheme using Adaptive-Dimension DCT"
2592:
Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences
1955:"VP9 Bitstream & Decoding Process Specification"
302:
shortly thereafter ("open-source our H.264 codec").
5336:
5181:
5155:
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4958:
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1953:Adrian Grange; Peter de Rivaz & Jonathan Hunt.
1890:"Overview of the H.264 / AVC Video Coding Standard"
732:. H.264 is one of the video encoding standards for
2270:"How I Came Up With the Discrete Cosine Transform"
542:. However, his algorithm was initially limited to
346:compression dates back to 1929, when R.D. Kell in
3197:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2583:Stanković, Radomir S.; Astola, Jaakko T. (2012).
385:researchers A.H. Robinson and C. Cherry proposed
393:scheme, to reduce the transmission bandwidth of
366:(DPCM) in video coding. In 1959, the concept of
3075:
3073:
2776:
2774:
2751:"The History of Video File Formats Infographic"
2506:Efficient Transmission of Pictorial Information
2017:"Open-Sourced H.264 Removes Barriers to WebRTC"
865:List of codecs § Video compression formats
611:licensed from a number of companies, including
2949:
2947:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2804:
2802:
826:The current-generation video coding format is
673:. MPEG-2 became the standard video format for
3546:
1705:, which is simply a sequence of individually
1652:Consumer video is generally compressed using
236:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC products and implementations
133:. As such, the user normally does not have a
8:
2578:
2576:
2574:
685:of up to 100:1, enabling the development of
653:-quality video. It was succeeded in 1994 by
587:The first digital video coding standard was
3254:Taubman, David; Marcellin, Michael (2012).
2915:
2913:
2911:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
305:A video coding format does not dictate all
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3584:
3553:
3539:
3531:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
868:
574:to commercialize DCT technology. In 1979,
2782:"ITU-T Recommendation declared patent(s)"
2477:Multimedia Signal Coding and Transmission
2408:
2363:
2361:
2172:Institution of Engineering and Technology
3506:
3504:
2499:
2497:
27:Content format for digital video content
1877:
1841:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
1904:
1902:
3262:Springer Science & Business Media
2701:
2699:
2697:
2555:Springer Science & Business Media
2209:Video on demand: Research Paper 94/68
1810:Comparison of video container formats
1720:in intraframe-compressed video while
503:technique that was first proposed by
354:compression dates back to 1952, when
169:audio support was later added to the
7:
3116:International Standards Organization
3048:Thomson, Gavin; Shah, Athar (2017).
697:(HDTV). In 1999, it was followed by
523:in 1973, and was published in 1974.
3164:"The H.320 Recommendation Overview"
2619:IEEE Transactions on Communications
2370:IEEE Transactions on Communications
2015:Rowan Trollope (October 30, 2013).
1215:Videoconferencing, videotelephony,
446:video requires bitrates exceeding 1
222:(specification) is to the compiler
218:(specific implementation) what the
52:. It typically uses a standardized
48:content, such as in a data file or
5344:Comparison of audio coding formats
3513:"Encoding options for H.264 video"
2857:10.1016/B978-0-444-81844-7.50072-3
364:differential pulse-code modulation
268:clearly distinguishes between the
56:algorithm, most commonly based on
25:
1825:List of video compression formats
1648:Lossless, lossy, and uncompressed
528:University of Southern California
315:similarities between video frames
1254:Mitsubishi, Hitachi, Panasonic,
507:, who initially intended it for
465:emerged with the development of
3199:. May 22–23, 1997. p. 30.
3162:Davis, Andrew (June 13, 1997).
1020:Open Source does NOT mean free!
4906:ISO/IEC base media file format
2306:IEEE Transactions on Computers
2087:"History of Video Compression"
859:List of video coding standards
260:and does not contain the word
1:
2921:"Video Developer Report 2019"
2886:"MPEG-4 Visual - Patent List"
1815:Data compression § Video
764:broadcasts over terrestrial (
579:from the late 1980s onwards.
85:standardization organizations
42:content representation format
2288:10.1016/1051-2004(91)90086-Z
2048:. Shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
1858:High Efficiency Video Coding
1519:High Efficiency Video Coding
647:Moving Picture Experts Group
358:researchers B.M. Oliver and
3285:Swartz, Charles S. (2005).
3138:"ISO Standards and Patents"
3050:"Introducing HEIF and HEVC"
2164:Ghanbari, Mohammed (2003).
850:. It is challenged by the
752:, web software such as the
111:multimedia container format
5416:
5349:Comparison of video codecs
3859:(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1)
3347:"HEVC Advance Patent List"
2674:Cianci, Philip J. (2014).
2440:Pratt, William K. (1984).
2419:10.1109/TCSVT.2019.2892608
2345:, Boston: Academic Press,
1862:Video Coding Experts Group
862:
695:high-definition television
511:, while he was working at
211:(specification) is to the
91:, and are thus known as a
81:video coding specification
5362:
3225:"Motion JPEG 2000 Part 3"
2996:10.1109/TCSVT.2006.871390
2955:"AVC/H.264 – Patent List"
2680:. McFarland. p. 63.
2632:10.1109/TCOM.1977.1093941
2480:. Springer. p. 364.
2474:Ohm, Jens-Rainer (2015).
2382:10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092258
2275:Digital Signal Processing
1934:. Alliance for Open Media
1307:
937:
597:discrete cosine transform
478:discrete cosine transform
58:discrete cosine transform
2214:House of Commons Library
1476:Blu-ray, Internet video
899:Popular implementations
819:will support inside the
639:formats) that followed.
540:Karhunen-Loeve transform
137:file, but instead has a
38:video compression format
18:Video compression format
5173:Alliance for Open Media
3435:Audio-Video Engineering
3406:"4.1 Video Compression"
2550:Image Sequence Analysis
2318:10.1109/T-C.1974.223784
2117:Proceedings of the IEEE
2019:. Cisco. Archived from
1974:. The Chromium Projects
1697:video formats, such as
811:have been to create a (
538:, slant transform, and
513:Kansas State University
266:Alliance for Open Media
77:technical specification
64:. A specific software,
4093:MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)
3433:Jaiswal, R.C. (2009).
2706:Li, Jian Ping (2006).
2134:10.1109/PROC.1967.5493
1617:Versatile Video Coding
878:Video coding standard
603:(VQ) compression. The
583:Video coding standards
553:fast Fourier transform
457:Motion-compensated DCT
412:(PCM), requiring high
258:video coding standards
220:C Programming Language
102:and formal standards.
5111:QuickTime File Format
3488:www.sciencedirect.com
2547:Huang, T. S. (1981).
2242:John Wiley & Sons
2206:Lea, William (1994).
1854:Advanced Video Coding
1394:, videoconferencing,
1332:Godo Kaisha IP Bridge
1312:Advanced Video Coding
1088:H.262 / MPEG-2 Part 2
758:Microsoft Silverlight
722:Godo Kaisha IP Bridge
689:technologies such as
679:SD digital television
410:pulse-code modulation
328:space–time complexity
93:video coding standard
5370:Compression software
4927:MPEG media transport
4004:Sorenson Video/Spark
3384:datatracker.ietf.org
3293:Taylor & Francis
2810:"MPEG-2 Patent List"
1789:profiles but not in
1773:(and others). While
480:(DCT) coding in the
406:lossless compression
391:lossless compression
383:University of London
362:proposed the use of
177:Distinction between
79:document known as a
5368:for techniques and
5366:Compression methods
3862:HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)
2518:1975SPIE...66..172R
1745:Profiles and levels
871:
836:Samsung Electronics
760:, and also various
671:Mitsubishi Electric
645:, developed by the
601:vector quantization
591:, developed by the
521:University of Texas
486:motion compensation
422:standard-definition
387:run-length encoding
371:motion compensation
107:audio coding format
89:technical standards
62:motion compensation
34:video coding format
3359:on August 24, 2020
3317:"VC-1 Patent List"
3235:on October 5, 2012
3081:"HEVC Patent List"
3037:. August 11, 2015.
2341:; Yip, P. (1990),
2234:Lee, Jack (2005).
1820:Display resolution
1675:Uncompressed video
869:
784:), and satellite (
754:Adobe Flash Player
532:Hadamard transform
499:block compression
490:temporal dimension
467:motion-compensated
402:uncompressed video
379:temporal dimension
5395:Video compression
5377:
5376:
5151:
5150:
5069:DivX Media Format
4857:
4856:
4642:
4641:
4042:
4041:
3932:Microsoft Video 1
3867:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)
3853:(GB/T 20090.2/16)
2526:10.1117/12.965361
2352:978-0-12-580203-1
1830:Video file format
1677:formats, such as
1645:
1644:
1575:macOS High Sierra
1463:, Panasonic, LG,
1182:digital cassettes
986:Videoconferencing
797:submarine patents
683:compression ratio
536:Fourier transform
509:image compression
484:, and predictive
482:spatial dimension
463:video compression
426:telecommunication
395:analog television
60:(DCT) coding and
54:video compression
16:(Redirected from
5407:
5143:VOB, IFO and BUP
4917:Motion JPEG 2000
4868:
4655:
4614:aptX Low Latency
4391:Chinese Standard
4055:
3844:Chinese Standard
3616:Motion JPEG 2000
3585:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3532:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3508:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3410:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3355:. Archived from
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3231:. Archived from
3221:
3215:
3214:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3085:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3008:
3007:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2925:
2917:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2890:
2882:
2871:
2870:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2814:
2806:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2759:. April 22, 2012
2747:
2728:
2727:
2714:World Scientific
2703:
2692:
2691:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2655:. September 1992
2650:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2626:(9): 1004–1009.
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2589:
2580:
2569:
2568:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2412:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2268:(January 1991).
2262:
2256:
2255:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2203:
2186:
2185:
2174:. pp. 1–2.
2161:
2138:
2137:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2083:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1882:
1865:
1846:
1531:ISO, IEC, ITU-T
1508:Video production
1434:Internet video,
1324:ISO, IEC, ITU-T
1281:Motion JPEG 2000
1263:Internet video,
1242:(MPEG-4 Visual)
896:
893:Market presence
875:Basic algorithm
872:
718:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
572:Compression Labs
501:transform coding
495:DCT coding is a
474:data compression
449:
434:
373:was proposed by
21:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5358:
5332:
5177:
5147:
5005:
4982:
4954:
4931:
4853:
4772:
4670:
4649:
4638:
4434:
4406:(GB/T 33475.3)
4400:(GB/T 20090.10)
4386:
4363:
4335:
4277:
4239:
4154:
4150:MPEG-H 3D Audio
4076:MPEG-1 Layer II
4066:
4049:
4038:
3870:
3839:
3790:
3752:
3700:
3596:
3579:
3572:
3559:
3529:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3388:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3295:. p. 147.
3284:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3207:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3011:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2874:
2867:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2749:
2748:
2731:
2724:
2716:. p. 847.
2705:
2704:
2695:
2688:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2572:
2565:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2450:. p. 158.
2439:
2438:
2434:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2205:
2204:
2189:
2182:
2163:
2162:
2141:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2085:
2084:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2023:on May 14, 2019
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1806:
1747:
1691:
1650:
1512:post-production
1368:video streaming
1090:(MPEG-2 Video)
894:
867:
861:
691:video on demand
585:
459:
447:
440:high-definition
432:
342:The concept of
340:
186:
173:specification.
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5413:
5411:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5382:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5354:List of codecs
5351:
5346:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5187:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5156:Collaborations
5153:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4922:MPEG-21 Part 9
4919:
4914:
4911:MPEG-4 Part 14
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4880:
4878:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4652:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:Monkey's Audio
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4431:(SJ/T 11299.4)
4426:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4401:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4287:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4164:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4095:
4090:
4088:MPEG-1 Layer I
4085:
4084:
4083:
4072:
4070:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3854:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3694:Part 2 / LCEVC
3691:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3582:
3574:
3573:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3526:
3500:
3475:
3450:
3443:
3425:
3404:Bhojani, D.R.
3396:
3370:
3338:
3308:
3301:
3277:
3270:
3246:
3216:
3205:
3182:
3154:
3129:
3102:
3069:
3040:
3026:
3009:
2990:(4): 547–552.
2974:
2943:
2907:
2872:
2865:
2831:
2798:
2770:
2729:
2722:
2693:
2686:
2666:
2637:
2608:
2570:
2563:
2557:. p. 29.
2539:
2493:
2486:
2466:
2456:
2448:Academic Press
2432:
2403:(2): 566–576.
2387:
2376:(5): 614–624.
2357:
2351:
2330:
2293:
2257:
2250:
2244:. p. 25.
2226:
2187:
2180:
2139:
2106:
2059:
2034:
2007:
1985:
1963:
1945:
1923:
1898:
1886:Thomas Wiegand
1876:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1746:
1743:
1690:
1687:
1671:support both.
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1620:
1619:(VVC / H.266)
1613:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1556:
1553:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1345:
1342:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1302:Digital cinema
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1236:
1235:
1213:
1210:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1123:
1120:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1081:Internet video
1074:
1071:
1054:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1000:
993:
992:
990:videotelephony
983:
980:
955:
952:
949:
946:
941:
935:
934:
931:
928:
925:
920:
915:
912:
907:
901:
900:
897:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
860:
857:
766:ATSC standards
726:LG Electronics
584:
581:
565:videotelephone
458:
455:
416:around 45–200
339:
336:
185:
175:
36:(or sometimes
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5412:
5401:
5400:Video formats
5398:
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5385:
5371:
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4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4688:CCITT Group 4
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4651:
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4619:aptX Adaptive
4617:
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4369:Bluetooth SIG
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4115:MPEG Surround
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3678:
3675:
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3673:
3670:
3666:
3665:Part 2 / HEVC
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3653:Part 33 / IVC
3651:
3649:
3648:Part 10 / AVC
3646:
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1240:MPEG-4 Part 2
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1233:MPEG-4 Visual
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806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:Blu-ray Discs
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:digital media
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
582:
580:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
464:
456:
454:
452:
445:
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437:
430:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
365:
361:
360:C.W. Harrison
357:
353:
352:digital video
349:
345:
337:
335:
333:
329:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
277:specification
276:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
184:
180:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:) and audio (
156:
152:
148:
147:MPEG-2 Part 2
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
99:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:digital video
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
5390:Video codecs
4420:(GB/T 22726)
4081:Multichannel
3937:MSU Lossless
3851:AVS1 P2/AVS+
3805:TrueMotion S
3743:H.265 / HEVC
3689:Part 1 / EVC
3677:Part 3 / VVC
3643:Part 2 / ASP
3577:
3517:. Retrieved
3493:February 10,
3491:. Retrieved
3487:
3478:
3468:February 10,
3466:. Retrieved
3462:
3453:
3434:
3428:
3416:. Retrieved
3412:
3399:
3389:February 10,
3387:. Retrieved
3383:
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3357:the original
3352:HEVC Advance
3350:
3341:
3329:. Retrieved
3323:
3311:
3287:
3280:
3256:
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3233:the original
3228:
3219:
3210:
3191:
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3167:
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3141:
3132:
3120:. Retrieved
3115:
3105:
3093:. Retrieved
3087:
3043:
3029:
3012:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2965:. Retrieved
2961:
2934:. Retrieved
2927:
2898:. Retrieved
2892:
2844:
2834:
2822:. Retrieved
2816:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:
2761:. Retrieved
2756:RealNetworks
2754:
2708:
2676:
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2640:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:
2591:
2549:
2542:
2509:
2505:
2476:
2469:
2461:
2442:
2435:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2373:
2369:
2342:
2333:
2312:(1): 90–93,
2309:
2305:
2302:Ahmed, Nasir
2296:
2279:
2273:
2266:Ahmed, Nasir
2260:
2236:
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2208:
2166:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2090:
2050:. Retrieved
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:the original
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1966:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:"Front Page"
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1880:
1850:video coding
1849:
1844:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1735:
1715:
1692:
1678:
1673:
1657:video codecs
1651:
1482:Apple ProRes
1436:web browsers
1396:Flash Player
1384:iTunes Store
1225:mobile video
1202:Mitsubishi,
825:
817:web browsers
790:
750:iTunes Store
715:
641:
586:
576:Anil K. Jain
569:
525:
494:
476:techniques:
460:
399:
344:analog video
341:
304:
299:
295:
291:
289:
284:
273:
261:
257:
240:
234:, OpenH264,
200:
198:
193:
189:
187:
182:
178:
104:
97:
95:. There are
92:
80:
74:
37:
33:
31:
29:
5138:MOD and TOD
5079:Flash Video
5017:3GP and 3G2
4698:HEIC / HEIF
4650:compression
4410:Audio Vivid
4145:MPEG-D USAC
4140:MPEG-4 CELP
4135:MPEG-4 HVXC
4050:compression
3882:Apple Video
3798:and AOMedia
3748:H.266 / VVC
3738:H.264 / AVC
3580:compression
3565:compression
3515:. Adobe.com
3459:"WebCodecs"
3175:November 7,
2936:November 5,
2851:: 611–618.
2601:October 13,
2128:: 356–364.
2099:November 3,
1711:Inter frame
1703:Motion JPEG
1695:intra-frame
1689:Intra-frame
1569:streaming,
1559:UHD Blu-ray
1534:MPEG, VCEG
1400:Silverlight
1330:Panasonic,
1327:MPEG, VCEG
1102:MPEG, VCEG
997:Motion JPEG
887:Committees
884:Publishers
730:integer DCT
549:inter-frame
544:intra-frame
505:Nasir Ahmed
381:. In 1967,
368:inter-frame
319:macroblocks
275:video codec
165:video, and
109:) inside a
70:video codec
5384:Categories
5372:for codecs
5319:Daubechies
5294:Transforms
5196:Arithmetic
4863:Containers
4568:True Audio
4412:(GY/T 363)
4130:MPEG-4 DST
4125:MPEG-4 SLS
4120:MPEG-4 ALS
3994:SheerVideo
3968:QuickTime
3796:TrueMotion
3562:Multimedia
3519:January 6,
3511:Jan Ozer.
3463:www.w3.org
3413:Hypothesis
3060:Retrieved
3057:Apple Inc.
2410:1804.09869
2339:Rao, K. R.
2282:(1): 4–5.
2052:January 6,
1916:January 6,
1872:References
1679:Clean HDMI
1610:HTML video
1547:JVCKenwood
1388:iPod Video
1178:Camcorders
1114:Mitsubishi
1096:ISO, IEC,
1065:Matsushita
962:PictureTel
890:Licensors
863:See also:
848:JVCKenwood
821:HTML video
780:), cable (
748:, and the
693:(VOD) and
617:PictureTel
461:Practical
431:(up to 100
309:used by a
307:algorithms
139:video file
5121:RealMedia
4723:JPEG 2000
4526:RealAudio
4506:OptimFROG
3984:RealVideo
3972:Animation
3942:OMS Video
3569:container
3122:August 3,
3062:August 5,
2763:August 5,
2326:149806273
1996:. Mozilla
1912:. Itu.int
1852:includes
1848:The term
1635:Unknown
1537:Samsung,
1521:(H.265 /
1504:Unknown
1473:Unknown
1461:Microsoft
1431:Unknown
1314:(H.264 /
1298:Unknown
1260:Unknown
1248:ISO, IEC
1212:Unknown
1174:Unknown
1170:Panasonic
1126:DVD Video
1028:QuickTime
933:Unknown
711:Panasonic
517:K. R. Rao
429:bandwidth
397:signals.
389:(RLE), a
356:Bell Labs
127:RealMedia
100:standards
50:bitstream
5240:Lossless
5206:Modified
5099:Matroska
4978:Matroska
4889:MPEG-PES
4501:Musepack
4398:AVS1 P10
3977:Graphics
3927:Lagarith
3418:March 6,
3331:July 11,
3239:June 21,
3169:EE Times
3147:July 10,
2929:Bitmovin
2849:Elsevier
2791:July 12,
2659:July 12,
2534:62725808
2427:13743007
1804:See also
1791:baseline
1779:B-slices
1775:P-slices
1763:baseline
1751:profiles
1727:I-frames
1713:coding.
1661:lossless
1563:ATSC 3.0
1392:Apple TV
1077:Video CD
999:(MJPEG)
414:bitrates
404:or used
216:OpenH264
205:firmware
131:Matroska
113:such as
98:de facto
66:firmware
5314:Wavelet
5255:DEFLATE
5201:Huffman
5191:Entropy
5183:Methods
5168:MPEG LA
5057:Smacker
4945:H.222.0
4901:MPEG-TS
4896:MPEG-PS
4884:MPEG-ES
4768:TIFF/IT
4763:TIFF/EP
4748:JPEG XT
4743:JPEG XS
4738:JPEG XR
4733:JPEG XL
4728:JPEG-LS
4609:aptX HD
4589:WavPack
4531:RTAudio
4471:Codec 2
4404:AVS2 P3
4331:GSM-EFR
4301:AMR-WB+
4235:G.729.1
4215:G.723.1
4205:G.722.2
4200:G.722.1
3999:Smacker
3989:RTVideo
3917:Huffyuv
3897:Cinepak
3857:AVS2 P2
3571:formats
3363:July 6,
3325:MPEG LA
3095:July 6,
3089:MPEG LA
3004:2060937
2967:July 6,
2962:MPEG LA
2900:July 6,
2894:MPEG LA
2824:July 7,
2818:MPEG LA
2514:Bibcode
2027:May 23,
2000:May 23,
1978:May 23,
1938:May 23,
1759:profile
1599:AOMedia
1594:AOMedia
1561:, DVB,
1465:Samsung
1376:Netflix
1372:YouTube
1348:Blu-ray
1204:Hitachi
1130:Blu-ray
1110:Thomson
1057:Fujitsu
974:Toshiba
958:Hitachi
793:patents
742:Netflix
738:YouTube
707:Hitachi
667:Thomson
629:Toshiba
613:Hitachi
609:patents
519:at the
488:in the
348:Britain
338:History
323:NP-hard
40:) is a
5116:RatDVD
5010:Others
4777:Others
4579:VMR-WB
4574:TwinVQ
4439:Others
4326:GSM-FR
4321:GSM-HR
4311:EVRC-B
4296:AMR-WB
4268:Vorbis
4108:AAC-LD
4103:HE-AAC
4009:Theora
3952:ProRes
3947:Pixlet
3875:Others
3684:MPEG-5
3672:MPEG-I
3660:MPEG-H
3638:MPEG-4
3631:Part 2
3626:MPEG-2
3621:MPEG-1
3441:
3299:
3268:
3212:lines.
3203:
3112:"Home"
3002:
2932:. 2019
2863:
2720:
2684:
2561:
2532:
2484:
2454:
2425:
2349:
2324:
2248:
2178:
1860:, and
1731:MPEG-2
1579:iOS 11
1525:HEVC)
1523:MPEG-H
1411:Theora
1352:HD DVD
1316:MPEG-4
1283:(MJ2)
1196:ITU-T
1168:Sony,
951:CCITT
895:(2019)
846:, and
807:, and
801:Theora
786:DVB-S2
778:DVB-T2
770:ISDB-T
699:MPEG-4
655:MPEG-2
643:MPEG-1
627:, and
563:for a
451:Gbit/s
448:
436:kbit/s
433:
418:Mbit/s
292:codecs
279:. The
264:. The
253:, and
201:codecs
190:format
179:format
159:Vorbis
5337:Lists
5282:ADPCM
5277:µ-law
5272:A-law
5245:Lossy
5218:ACELP
5163:NETVC
4988:SMPTE
4950:T.802
4937:ITU-T
4913:(MP4)
4713:JBIG2
4676:ITU-T
4648:Image
4584:VSELP
4561:SVOPC
4551:Siren
4521:RCELP
4516:QCELP
4461:ATRAC
4446:ACELP
4263:Speex
4230:G.729
4225:G.728
4220:G.726
4210:G.723
4195:G.722
4190:G.719
4185:G.718
4178:µ-law
4173:A-law
4168:G.711
4160:ITU-T
4048:Audio
3922:Indeo
3902:Daala
3758:SMPTE
3733:H.263
3728:H.262
3723:H.261
3718:H.120
3706:ITU-T
3611:MJPEG
3578:Video
3409:(PDF)
3320:(PDF)
3118:. ISO
3110:ISO.
3084:(PDF)
3053:(PDF)
3021:(PDF)
3000:S2CID
2958:(PDF)
2924:(PDF)
2889:(PDF)
2813:(PDF)
2653:CCITT
2649:(PDF)
2588:(PDF)
2530:S2CID
2423:S2CID
2405:arXiv
2322:S2CID
2124:(3).
2092:ITU-T
2046:(PDF)
1958:(PDF)
1893:(PDF)
1836:Notes
1798:level
1669:H.264
1665:Dirac
1654:lossy
1622:2020
1590:2018
1528:2013
1500:Apple
1495:Apple
1490:Apple
1486:2007
1456:SMPTE
1451:SMPTE
1447:2006
1415:2004
1380:Vimeo
1318:AVC)
1292:JPEG
1289:JPEG
1251:MPEG
1217:H.320
1199:VCEG
1189:H.263
1157:1995
1098:ITU-T
1002:1992
954:VCEG
944:H.261
918:CCITT
910:H.120
881:Year
823:tag.
813:libre
782:DVB-C
774:DVB-T
746:Vimeo
703:H.263
659:H.262
633:H.26x
605:H.261
593:CCITT
589:H.120
561:pixel
497:lossy
444:1080p
442:(HD)
311:codec
300:codec
296:codec
285:codec
262:codec
255:H.264
251:H.263
247:H.262
243:H.261
228:H.264
213:codec
209:H.264
194:codec
183:codec
135:H.264
129:, or
5364:See
5309:MDCT
5287:DPCM
5233:WLPC
5223:CELP
5126:RIFF
5104:WebM
5094:M2TS
5084:HEIF
5052:Bink
5032:AIFF
4960:IETF
4849:WebP
4844:WBMP
4839:QTVR
4819:ICER
4814:FLIF
4804:DjVu
4794:AVIF
4784:APNG
4758:TIFF
4718:JPEG
4708:JBIG
4703:HEVC
4680:JPEG
4667:IETF
4634:LLAC
4629:LHDC
4624:LDAC
4604:aptX
4565:TTA
4546:SILK
4486:MELP
4481:Lyra
4476:iSAC
4466:CELT
4456:Asao
4451:ALAC
4429:ExAC
4424:L2HC
4354:AC-4
4349:AC-3
4341:ETSI
4306:EVRC
4283:3GPP
4273:FLAC
4258:iLBC
4253:Opus
4245:IETF
4068:MPEG
4034:YULS
4014:Thor
3962:4444
3912:FFV1
3892:Bink
3786:VC-6
3781:VC-5
3776:VC-3
3771:VC-2
3766:VC-1
3710:VCEG
3598:MPEG
3567:and
3521:2015
3495:2022
3470:2022
3439:ISBN
3420:2013
3391:2022
3365:2019
3333:2019
3297:ISBN
3266:ISBN
3241:2014
3201:ISBN
3177:2019
3149:2019
3124:2022
3097:2019
3064:2019
2969:2019
2938:2019
2902:2019
2861:ISBN
2826:2019
2793:2019
2765:2019
2718:ISBN
2682:ISBN
2661:2019
2603:2019
2559:ISBN
2510:0066
2482:ISBN
2452:ISBN
2347:ISBN
2310:C-23
2246:ISBN
2221:2019
2176:ISBN
2126:IEEE
2101:2019
2054:2015
2029:2016
2002:2016
1980:2016
1940:2016
1918:2015
1787:high
1785:and
1783:main
1771:high
1769:and
1767:main
1718:cuts
1707:JPEG
1683:HDMI
1667:and
1631:JVET
1626:JVET
1571:HEIF
1555:43%
1551:etc.
1469:etc.
1443:VC-1
1424:Xiph
1419:Xiph
1364:ATSC
1356:HDTV
1344:91%
1340:etc.
1321:2003
1286:2001
1269:Xvid
1265:DivX
1256:etc.
1245:1999
1221:ISDN
1208:etc.
1193:1996
1160:IEC
1146:SDTV
1142:SVCD
1138:ATSC
1122:29%
1118:etc.
1106:Sony
1093:1995
1069:etc.
1052:MPEG
1039:1993
1011:JPEG
1006:JPEG
978:etc.
948:1988
923:VCEG
914:1984
905:DPCM
828:HEVC
762:HDTV
756:and
724:and
709:and
677:and
669:and
663:Sony
637:MPEG
635:and
559:per
420:for
232:x264
181:and
171:WebM
167:Opus
151:WebM
5324:DWT
5304:FFT
5299:DCT
5267:PCM
5260:LZW
5228:LSP
5213:LPC
5131:WAV
5089:IFF
5074:EVO
5064:BMP
5047:BPG
5037:AVI
5027:ASF
5022:AMV
5001:MXF
4996:GXF
4973:Ogg
4968:RTP
4876:IEC
4872:ISO
4834:QOI
4829:PGF
4824:MNG
4809:EXR
4799:BPG
4789:AV1
4753:PNG
4693:GIF
4672:W3C
4663:ISO
4659:IEC
4599:MQA
4594:WMA
4556:SMV
4541:SHN
4536:SD2
4511:OSQ
4496:MT9
4418:DRA
4382:LC3
4377:SBC
4359:DTS
4316:EVS
4291:AMR
4098:AAC
4063:IEC
4059:ISO
4029:XEB
4024:WMV
3957:422
3907:DVI
3887:AVS
3835:AV1
3830:VP9
3825:VP8
3820:VP7
3815:VP6
3810:VP3
3593:IEC
3589:ISO
3142:ISO
2992:doi
2853:doi
2786:ITU
2628:doi
2522:doi
2415:doi
2378:doi
2314:doi
2284:doi
2130:doi
1738:HDV
1729:in
1606:7%
1586:AV1
1567:UHD
1543:NTT
1404:VOD
1382:),
1366:),
1360:DVB
1308:DCT
1276:DWT
1231:),
1229:3GP
1164:IEC
1134:DVB
1061:IBM
1047:IEC
1043:ISO
1016:ISO
966:NTT
939:DCT
852:AV1
844:NTT
832:DST
809:VP9
805:VP8
788:).
776:or
675:DVD
651:VHS
621:NTT
557:bit
470:DCT
375:NHK
332:DVD
281:VP9
270:AV1
238:).
224:GCC
163:VP9
155:VP8
143:AAC
123:FLV
119:MP4
115:AVI
87:as
44:of
5386::
5250:LZ
5042:AU
4874:,
4678:,
4674:,
4669:,
4665:,
4661:,
4061:,
4019:Ut
3708:,
3606:DV
3595:,
3591:,
3503:^
3486:.
3461:.
3411:.
3382:.
3349:.
3322:.
3291:.
3264:.
3260:.
3227:.
3209:.
3166:.
3140:.
3114:.
3086:.
3072:^
3055:.
2998:.
2988:16
2986:.
2960:.
2946:^
2926:.
2910:^
2891:.
2875:^
2859:.
2847:.
2843:.
2815:.
2801:^
2784:.
2773:^
2753:.
2732:^
2712:.
2696:^
2651:.
2624:25
2622:.
2596:60
2594:.
2590:.
2573:^
2553:.
2528:.
2520:.
2508:.
2496:^
2460:.
2446:.
2421:.
2413:.
2401:30
2399:.
2374:22
2372:.
2360:^
2320:,
2308:,
2278:.
2272:.
2240:.
2212:.
2190:^
2170:.
2142:^
2122:55
2120:.
2089:.
2062:^
1901:^
1856:,
1796:A
1793:.
1765:,
1757:A
1699:DV
1641:—
1638:—
1603:—
1577:,
1573:,
1565:,
1549:,
1545:,
1541:,
1539:GE
1510:,
1467:,
1428:—
1402:,
1398:,
1390:,
1386:,
1378:,
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