819:) for Nvidia. Cards from different chip-set manufacturers or architectures cannot be used together for multi-card scaling. If graphics cards have different sizes of memory, the lowest value will be used, with the higher values disregarded. Currently, scaling on consumer-grade cards can be done using up to four cards. The use of four cards requires a large motherboard with a proper configuration. Nvidia's GeForce GTX 590 graphics card can be configured in a four-card configuration. As stated above, users will want to stick to cards with the same performances for optimal use. Motherboards including ASUS Maximus 3 Extreme and Gigabyte GA EX58 Extreme are certified to work with this configuration. A large power supply is necessary to run the cards in SLI or CrossFireX. Power demands must be known before a proper supply is installed. For the four card configuration, a 1000+ watt supply is needed. With any relatively powerful graphics card, thermal management cannot be ignored. Graphics cards require well-vented chassis and good thermal solutions. Air or water cooling are usually required, though low end GPUs can use passive cooling. Larger configurations use
655:
2342:
781:, a custom flashed RTX 3090 named "Hall of Fame" has been recorded to reach a peak power draw as high as 630 watts. A standard RTX 3090 can peak at up to 450 watts. The RTX 3080 can reach up to 350 watts, while a 3070 can reach a similar, if not slightly lower peak power draw. Ampere cards of the Founders Edition variant feature a "dual axial flow through" cooler design, which includes fans above and below the card to dissipate as much heat as possible towards the rear of the computer case. A similar design was used by the Sapphire Radeon RX Vega 56 Pulse graphics card.
1346:
260:
667:
631:
2115:
790:
than the height of a PCIe slot, some can be as low as "half-height". Length and thickness can vary greatly, with high-end cards usually occupying two or three expansion slots, and with modern high-end graphics cards such as the RTX 4090 exceeding 300mm in length. A lower profile card is preferred when trying to fit multiple cards or if graphics cards run into clearance issues with other motherboard components like the DIMM or PCIE slots. This can be fixed with a larger
2309:
1202:.) In addition to marketing their own graphics cards, AMD and Nvidia sell their GPUs to authorized AIB suppliers, which AMD and Nvidia refer to as "partners". The fact that Nvidia and AMD compete directly with their customer/partners complicates relationships in the industry. AMD and Intel being direct competitors in the CPU industry is also noteworthy, since AMD-based graphics cards may be used in computers with Intel CPUs. Intel's
1678:
347:
499:
1288:
1944:
1884:
2141:
1776:
2035:
2164:
1818:
2078:
77:
2251:
36:
591:. Released in 1997, the RIVA 128 was one of the first consumer-facing GPUs to integrate both 3D and 2D processing units on a single chip. This innovation simplified the hardware requirements for end-users, as they no longer needed separate cards for 2D and 3D rendering, thus paving the way for the widespread adoption of more powerful and versatile GPUs in personal computers.
1717:
1698:
2105:. In composite video, the signals co-exist on different frequencies. To achieve this, the luminance signal must be low-pass filtered, dulling the image. As S-Video maintains the two as separate signals, such detrimental low-pass filtering for luminance is unnecessary, although the chrominance signal still has limited bandwidth relative to component video.
580:, one of the earliest consumer-facing GPUs that supported 3D acceleration. These cards, however, were dedicated entirely to 3D processing and lacked 2D support, necessitating the use of a separate 2D graphics card in tandem. The Voodoo's architecture marked a major shift in graphical computing by offloading the demanding task of 3D rendering from the
179:
2282:
1674:. These require a RAMDAC, but they reconvert the analog signal back to digital before they can display it, with the unavoidable loss of quality stemming from this digital-to-analog-to-digital conversion. With the VGA standard being phased out in favor of digital formats, RAMDACs have started to disappear from graphics cards.
1255:
in integrated graphics technologies; high-end, CPU-integrated graphics can provide competitive performance with low-end graphics cards. At the same time, graphics card sales have grown within the high-end segment, as manufacturers have shifted their focus to prioritize the gaming and enthusiast market.
1758:
in evaluating pixels. While the VGA transmission bandwidth is high enough to support even higher resolution playback, the picture quality can degrade depending on cable quality and length. The extent of quality difference depends on the individual's eyesight and the display; when using a DVI or HDMI
1661:
and never under 60 Hz, to minimize flicker. (This is not a problem with LCD displays, as they have little to no flicker.) Due to the growing popularity of digital computer displays and the integration of the RAMDAC onto the GPU die, it has mostly disappeared as a discrete component. All current
789:
Graphics cards for desktop computers have different size profiles, which allows graphics cards to be added to smaller-sized computers. Some graphics cards are not of the usual size, and are named as "low profile". Graphics card profiles are based on height only, with low-profile cards taking up less
763:
Modern graphics cards with a power consumption of over 75 watts usually include a combination of six-pin (75 W) or eight-pin (150 W) sockets that connect directly to the power supply. Providing adequate cooling becomes a challenge in such computers. Computers with multiple graphics cards may require
1254:
Graphics card shipments peaked at a total of 114 million in 1999. By contrast, they totaled 14.5 million units in the third quarter of 2013, a 17% fall from Q3 2012 levels. Shipments reached an annual total of 44 million in 2015. The sales of graphics cards have trended downward due to improvements
617:
Within the graphics industry, these products are often referred to as graphics add-in boards (AIBs). The term "AIB" emphasizes the modular nature of these components, as they are typically added to a computer's motherboard to enhance its graphical capabilities. The evolution from the early days of
1270:
has placed a severely high demand on high-end graphics cards, especially in large quantities, due to their advantages in the process of cryptocurrency mining. In
January 2018, mid- to high-end graphics cards experienced a major surge in price, with many retailers having stock shortages due to the
1362:
is mounted on most modern graphics cards. A heat sink spreads out the heat produced by the graphics processing unit evenly throughout the heat sink and unit itself. The heat sink commonly has a fan mounted to cool the heat sink and the graphics processing unit. Not all cards have heat sinks, for
802:
Some graphics cards can be linked together to allow scaling graphics processing across multiple cards. This is done using either the PCIe bus on the motherboard or, more commonly, a data bridge. Usually, the cards must be of the same model to be linked, and most low end cards are not able to be
702:
as integrated graphics. Motherboard-based implementations are sometimes called "on-board video". Some motherboards support using both integrated graphics and the graphics card simultaneously to feed separate displays. The main advantages of integrated graphics are: a low cost, compactness,
568:
capabilities, enhancing the graphical output of
Macintosh computers by accelerating 2D graphics rendering. QuickDraw, a core part of the Macintosh graphical user interface, allowed for the rapid rendering of bitmapped graphics, fonts, and shapes, and the introduction of such hardware-based
1295:
with the main heatsink removed, showing the major components of the card. The large, tilted silver object is the GPU die, which is surrounded by RAM chips, which are covered in extruded aluminum heatsinks. Power delivery circuitry is mounted next to the RAM, near the right side of the
1189:
As of 2016, the primary suppliers of the GPUs (graphics chips or chipsets) used in graphics cards are AMD and Nvidia. In the third quarter of 2013, AMD had a 35.5% market share while Nvidia had 64.5%, according to Jon Peddie
Research. In economics, this industry structure is termed a
703:
simplicity, and low energy consumption. Integrated graphics often has less performance than a graphics card because the graphics processing unit inside integrated graphics needs to share system resources with the CPU. On the other hand, a graphics card has a separate
1210:. As of the second quarter of 2013, there were 52 AIB suppliers. These AIB suppliers may market graphics cards under their own brands, produce graphics cards for private label brands, or produce graphics cards for computer manufacturers. Some AIB suppliers such as
1562:. But with up to 32 GB as of the last 2010s, the applications for graphics use are becoming more powerful and widespread. Since video memory needs to be accessed by the GPU and the display circuitry, it often uses special high-speed or multi-port memory, such as
751:
manufacturers have recently aimed toward higher efficiency, power demands of graphics cards continued to rise, with the largest power consumption of any individual part in a computer. Although power supplies have also increased their power output, the
742:
As the processing power of graphics cards increased, so did their demand for electrical power. Current high-performance graphics cards tend to consume large amounts of power. For example, the thermal design power (TDP) for the GeForce Titan RTX is 280
1383:
contains a minimal program for the initial set up and control of the graphics card. It may contain information on the memory and memory timing, operating speeds and voltages of the graphics processor, and other details which can sometimes be changed.
1363:
example, some cards are liquid-cooled and instead have a water block; additionally, cards from the 1980s and early 1990s did not produce much heat, and did not require heat sinks. Most modern graphics cards need proper thermal solutions. They can be
4832:
553:. Each of these standards represented a step forward in the ability of computers to display more colors, higher resolutions, and richer graphical interfaces, laying the foundation for the development of modern graphical capabilities.
2122:
Non-standard 7-pin mini-DIN connectors (termed "7P") are used in some computer equipment (PCs and Macs). A 7P socket accepts and is pin compatible with a standard 4-pin S-Video plug. The three extra sockets may be used to supply
614:. Additionally, many graphics cards now have integrated sound capabilities, allowing them to transmit audio alongside video output to connected TVs or monitors with built-in speakers, further enhancing the multimedia experience.
843:
A graphics driver usually supports one or multiple cards by the same vendor and has to be written for a specific operating system. Additionally, the operating system or an extra software package may provide certain programming
1800:
displays) and video projectors. There were also some rare high-end CRT monitors that use DVI. It avoids image distortion and electrical noise, corresponding each pixel from the computer to a display pixel, using its
1387:
Modern Video BIOSes do not support full functionalities of graphics cards; they are only sufficient to identify and initialize the card to display one of a few frame buffer or text display modes. It does not support
826:
SLI and
Crossfire have become increasingly uncommon as most games do not fully utilize multiple GPUs, due to the fact that most users cannot afford them. Multiple GPUs are still used on supercomputers (like in
447:
Most graphics cards are not limited to simple display output. The graphics processing unit can be used for additional processing, which reduces the load from the CPU. Additionally, computing platforms such as
4490:
4368:
711:
from the CPU and system RAM, therefore the overall performance for a computer could improve in addition to increased performance in graphics processing. Such improvements to performance can be seen in
3204:
726:
Both AMD and Intel have introduced CPUs and motherboard chipsets which support the integration of a GPU into the same die as the CPU. AMD advertises CPUs with integrated graphics under the trademark
3374:
1662:
LCD/plasma monitors and TVs and projectors with only digital connections work in the digital domain and do not require a RAMDAC for those connections. There are displays that feature analog inputs (
4828:
479:
comes in the form of a printed circuit board (expansion board) which is to be inserted into an expansion slot. Others may have dedicated enclosures, and they are connected to the computer via a
4858:
3459:
4551:
4105:
4039:
2231:
due to industry concerns about copy protection. Its graphics quality is equivalent to HDMI for the resolutions it carries, but for best performance for Blu-ray, other 1080p sources like
2054:
output can be used. The single pin connector carries all resolution, brightness and color information, making it the lowest quality dedicated video connection. Depending on the card the
4397:
3164:
1259:
457:
3817:
4603:
1991:
enables consumers to use
DisplayPort fitted video sources without replacing existing display devices. Although DisplayPort has a greater throughput of the same functionality as
662:: a part of the system memory is allocated to the GPU exclusively. Zero-copy is not possible, data has to be copied, over the system memory bus, from one partition to the other.
4426:
4072:
1342:
intended for output to a display. Because of the large degree of programmable computational complexity for such a task, a modern graphics card is also a computer unto itself.
5036:
618:
separate 2D and 3D cards to today’s integrated and multifunctional GPUs reflects the ongoing technological advancements and the increasing demand for high-quality visual and
4781:
1396:
translation, video scaling, pixel copying, compositing or any of the multitude of other 2D and 3D features of the graphics card, which must be accessed by software drivers.
3427:
The Intel microprocessors: 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core2 with 64-bit extensions
2476:: An extension of the PCI bus, it was introduced in 1998. It improves upon PCI by extending the width of bus to 64 bits and the clock frequency to up to 133 MHz.
1657:
used and the RAMDAC-data-transfer rate, the converter will be able to support different computer-display refresh rates. With CRT displays, it is best to work over 75
5562:
4581:
2482:: Abbreviated as PCIe, it is a point-to-point interface released in 2004. In 2006, it provided a data-transfer rate that is double of AGP. It should not be confused with
3979:
1222:, now builds only AMD-based graphics cards. Several AIB suppliers are also motherboard suppliers. Most of the largest AIB suppliers are based in Taiwan and they include
4165:
4722:
4950:
4482:
4135:
1195:
4521:
4364:
2432:: Replaced the EISA, ISA, MCA and VESA buses from 1993 onwards. PCI allowed dynamic connectivity between devices, avoiding the manual adjustments required with
3507:
3855:
602:. These modern graphics cards are multifunctional and support various tasks beyond rendering 3D images for gaming. They also provide 2D graphics processing,
1199:
3485:
4282:
4252:
3918:
3885:
3322:
3794:
3708:
1932:
3734:
3455:
5029:
3121:
2417:
4543:
4097:
3352:
4641:
4031:
4393:
1276:
3537:
3438:
1111:
764:
power supplies over 750 watts. Heat extraction becomes a major design consideration for computers with two or more high-end graphics cards.
5567:
3764:
3644:
1992:
1887:
1704:(VIVO) for S-Video (TV-out), Digital Visual Interface (DVI) for high-definition television (HDTV), and DE-15 for Video Graphics Array (VGA)
3825:
3258:
3116:
4611:
5022:
3126:
2420:: Released in 1988 to compete with IBM's MCA, it was compatible with the earlier ISA bus. It is a 32-bit bus clocked at 8.33 MHz.
1984:
1642:
530:
4456:
4422:
4061:
4993:
4868:
2429:
1272:
683:
291:
237:
219:
160:
63:
3678:
3567:
4773:
2320:). The signal standard and pinout are backward-compatible with CGA, allowing EGA monitors to be used on CGA cards and vice versa.
2236:
1653:(CRT) displays. The RAMDAC is a kind of RAM chip that regulates the functioning of the graphics card. Depending on the number of
747:. When tested with video games, the GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition averaged 300 watts of power consumption. While CPU and
4342:
4573:
3948:
1207:
675:
201:
3971:
3228:
654:
4910:
3597:
2379:
2362:
2205:
2194:
98:
94:
49:
4157:
141:
4715:
3288:
5557:
4751:
4689:
4663:
2341:
1194:. AMD and Nvidia also build and sell graphics cards, which are termed graphics add-in-boards (AIBs) in the industry. (See
794:
such as mid-tower or full tower. Full towers are usually able to fit larger motherboards in sizes like ATX and micro ATX.
113:
4221:
4009:
1759:
connection, especially on larger sized LCD/LED monitors or TVs, quality degradation, if present, is prominently visible.
533:
to accommodate advancing technologies and user demands. In the realm of IBM PC compatibles, the early standards included
5425:
5396:
4946:
4127:
1747:
748:
4513:
5222:
5164:
3619:
2376:: Designed in 1974 as a part of the Altair 8800, it is the first industry-standard bus for the microcomputer industry.
1618:
727:
587:
The development of fully integrated GPUs that could handle both 2D and 3D rendering came with the introduction of the
594:
In contemporary times, the majority of graphics cards are built using chips sourced from two dominant manufacturers:
120:
4924:
4195:
5588:
5401:
3515:
2411:
2216:
1797:
1345:
979:
812:
778:
534:
529:
Graphics cards, also known as video cards or graphics processing units (GPUs), have historically evolved alongside
469:
4312:
3847:
3508:"Test Results: Power Consumption For Mining & Gaming - The Best GPUs For Ethereum Mining, Tested and Compared"
5215:
3589:
2494:
2467:
1809:
connector, allowing (via simple adapter) standard RGB signal output to an old CRT or LCD monitor with VGA input.
1367:
or through heat sinks with additional connected heat pipes usually made of copper for the best thermal transfer.
1203:
731:
546:
296:
197:
193:
3399:
5532:
5445:
5418:
5389:
5152:
3481:
2290:
1980:
1787:
1779:
1313:
1227:
1211:
753:
465:
437:
425:
321:
127:
4274:
1271:
significant demand among this market. Graphics card companies released mining-specific cards designed to run
5593:
5475:
5470:
5358:
5331:
4244:
3910:
3877:
3314:
2439:
808:
581:
433:
87:
3786:
3700:
650:, since both have their distinct physical memories. Data must be copied from one to the other to be shared.
3730:
2350:
2193:
for analog component); it is used in older projectors, video-game consoles, and DVD players. It can carry
1842:
1793:
1764:
828:
542:
538:
109:
2486:, an enhanced version of the original PCI specification. This is standard for most modern graphics cards.
5365:
2457:
2354:
1971:, though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data. The VESA specification is
1792:
Digital Visual
Interface is a digital-based standard designed for displays such as flat-panel displays (
1682:
1543:
1301:
1292:
264:
259:
2114:
5353:
3344:
2294:
1976:
1729:
1663:
1614:
704:
550:
4633:
5227:
2470:: First used in 1997, it is a dedicated-to-graphics bus. It is a 32-bit bus clocked at 66 MHz.
1912:
1738:, VGA is an analog-based standard adopted in the late 1980s designed for CRT displays, also called
1239:
1231:
707:(RAM), cooling system, and dedicated power regulators. A graphics card can offload work and reduce
666:
630:
268:
3545:
2433:
2102:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1850:
1846:
1828:
1821:
1701:
1335:
1235:
603:
440:(GPU) that performs the necessary computations is the main component in a graphics card, but the
55:
3756:
2316:
The historical connector used by EGA and CGA graphic cards is a female nine-pin D-subminiature (
1246:. Sapphire and Zotac also sell graphics cards exclusively for AMD and Nvidia GPUs respectively.
188:
may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
4483:"Discrete Desktop GPU Market Trends Q2 2016: AMD Grabs Market Share, But NVIDIA Remains on Top"
4032:"Nvidia SLI and AMD CrossFire is dead – but should we mourn multi-GPU gaming? | TechRadar"
5375:
5239:
5137:
5049:
4989:
4864:
3434:
2308:
1802:
892:
351:
3250:
5210:
5101:
3375:"Graphics Add-in Board (AIB) Market Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2024-2032"
3136:
2447:
2443:
2405:
2391:
2263:
2259:
1968:
1751:
1650:
1575:
1215:
820:
573:
413:
2426:: An extension of ISA, it is a 32-bit bus clocked at 33 MHz. Also referred to as VESA.
1708:
The most common connection systems between the graphics card and the computer display are:
690:
As an alternative to the use of a graphics card, video hardware can be integrated into the
134:
5370:
5348:
5311:
5259:
5079:
5074:
5066:
4452:
3538:"Faster, Quieter, Lower: Power Consumption and Noise Level of Contemporary Graphics Cards"
2387:
2332:
2157:
2124:
2028:
1928:
1916:
1858:
1742:. Today, the VGA analog interface is used for high definition video resolutions including
1677:
1338:
designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the building of images in a
1258:
Beyond the gaming and multimedia segments, graphics cards have been increasingly used for
1206:
may weaken AMD, in which the latter derives a significant portion of its revenue from its
1176:
1166:
960:
480:
4884:
1609:
Video memory may be used for storing other data as well as the screen image, such as the
3670:
3559:
2369:
Chronologically, connection systems between graphics card and motherboard were, mainly:
1287:
5435:
5336:
5106:
5089:
3172:
2423:
2336:
1964:
1755:
1735:
1622:
1275:, and without video output ports. The graphics card industry took a setback due to the
1267:
1151:
832:
708:
699:
639:
486:
Graphics cards are often preferred over integrated graphics for increased performance.
461:
409:
401:
2490:
The following table is a comparison between features of some interfaces listed above.
2034:
1943:
1883:
569:
enhancements signaled an era of specialized graphics processing in consumer machines.
498:
5582:
5537:
5507:
5323:
5202:
5142:
5094:
5009:
4334:
3594:"Power-Supply Management Solution for PCI Express x16 Graphics 150W-ATX Add-In Cards"
3184:
2361:
says "8639" meaning that chip was manufactured week 39, 1986. This card is using the
2051:
1908:
1861:
1739:
1721:
1646:
1602:. The effective memory clock rate in modern cards is generally between 2 and 15
1567:
1121:
791:
720:
679:
611:
572:
The evolution of graphics processing took a major leap forward in the mid-1990s with
326:
3940:
3425:
2163:
1775:
5413:
5301:
5284:
5279:
5057:
3220:
2401:
2232:
1972:
1924:
1364:
1339:
1161:
1146:
1101:
1077:
716:
561:
444:"GPU" is sometimes also used to erroneously refer to the graphics card as a whole.
3593:
3315:"Graphics cards dedicated to cryptocurrency mining are here, and we have the list"
2077:
1853:
variations, and the VIVO splitter cable generally comes with either 4 connectors (
5005:
5512:
5480:
5383:
5343:
5306:
5274:
5116:
4423:"Add-in board-market down in Q2, AMD gains market share [Press Release]"
3280:
3178:
2479:
2140:
1954:
1947:
1817:
1610:
1599:
1126:
1106:
1029:
870:
757:
691:
635:
557:
429:
311:
286:
280:
271:, a PCI Express video card with VGA, HDMI, and DVI ports and a small cooling fan
76:
17:
4667:
823:
or immersion cooling to achieve proper performance without thermal throttling.
5527:
5244:
5174:
5169:
5159:
4803:
4747:
4693:
4217:
4001:
3645:"NVIDIA GeForce Ampere Architecture, Board Design, Gaming Tech & Software"
2149:
2093:), the S-video cable carries two synchronized signal and ground pairs, termed
1838:
1834:
1579:
1467:
1453:
1438:
1376:
1131:
1072:
804:
774:
712:
619:
584:
to the GPU, significantly improving gaming performance and graphical realism.
5522:
5517:
5501:
5430:
5269:
5121:
5084:
5014:
3158:
2373:
1563:
1423:
1359:
1136:
1094:
880:
643:
565:
346:
200:
any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
4245:"Exploring Performance With Autodesk's Arnold Renderer GPU Beta – Techgage"
2250:
1697:
1558:
The memory capacity of most modern graphics cards ranges from 2 to 24
634:
Classical desktop computer architecture with a distinct graphics card over
4305:"V-Ray for Nuke – Ray Traced Rendering for Compositors | Chaos Group"
1813:
Video-in video-out (VIVO) for S-Video, composite video and component video
1716:
803:
linked in this way. AMD and Nvidia both have proprietary scaling methods,
27:
Expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device
5460:
5111:
5046:
4187:
2461:
1907:
data from an HDMI-compliant device ("the source device") to a compatible
1559:
1380:
1263:
930:
588:
577:
556:
In the late 1980s, advancements in personal computing led companies like
405:
398:
5294:
5232:
5186:
4394:"Graphics Card Market Up Sequentially in Q3, NVIDIA Gains as AMD Slips"
4304:
3150:
2071:
1988:
1963:(VESA). The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a
1854:
1760:
1191:
1067:
865:
771:
441:
4885:"ATI Radeon 7 pin SVID/OUT connector pinout diagram @ pinoutguide.com"
2414:: Introduced in 1987 by IBM it is a 32-bit bus clocked at 10 MHz.
2307:
1214:
build both AMD-based and Nvidia-based graphics cards. Others, such as
460:. Applications of general-purpose computing on graphics cards include
5408:
5181:
3154:
3140:
2464:, USB displays and display adapters exist. It was first used in 1996.
2357:
the layout was done in 1985, whereas the marking on the central chip
2275:
2244:
1638:
1626:
1595:
1513:
1088:
1082:
925:
885:
875:
860:
816:
768:
607:
599:
449:
2128:
2058:
color system might be supported, along with non-standard modes like
1578:
technology. During and after that year, manufacturers moved towards
638:. Typical bandwidths for given memory technologies, missing are the
4188:"FAQ | GPU-accelerated 3D rendering software | Redshift"
3207:
2509:
2483:
2473:
2397:
2340:
2281:
2228:
2224:
2183:
2172:
2055:
2004:
1942:
1882:
1865:
1774:
1743:
1715:
1696:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1603:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1571:
1528:
1498:
1483:
1411:
1344:
1286:
1243:
1004:
952:
917:
665:
653:
629:
345:
331:
4453:"Palit, PC Partner surpass Asustek in graphics card market share"
3456:"Intel Iris Pro 5200 graphics review: the end of mid-range GPUs?"
5485:
5379:
3433:(8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall.
3168:
2317:
2302:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2197:
2090:
2063:
2047:
1960:
1894:
1641:, or random-access-memory digital-to-analog converter, converts
1223:
744:
453:
316:
5018:
4544:"Here's why you can't buy a high-end graphics card at Best Buy"
2386:, it became dominant in the marketplace in the 1980s. It is an
1763:
playback at 1080p is possible via the VGA analog interface, if
5465:
5289:
4417:
4415:
4388:
4386:
3818:"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 680 in quad-SLI configuration benchmarked"
3144:
3132:
2453:
2383:
2267:
2086:
2059:
2043:
1995:, it is expected to complement the interface, not replace it.
1654:
1649:
for use by a computer display that uses analog inputs such as
1393:
1389:
1219:
921:
845:
695:
595:
493:
355:
172:
70:
29:
4098:"Recommended System: Recommended Systems for DaVinci Resolve"
835:, for simulations, and for training artificial intelligence.
564:. These cards were unique in that they incorporated discrete
2280:
2249:
2162:
2139:
2113:
2076:
2033:
1959:
DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the
1574:, etc. Around 2003, the video memory was typically based on
3129:– a detailed list of standards like SVGA, WXGA, WUXGA, etc.
1805:. It is worth noting that most manufacturers include a DVI-
2456:: Although mostly used for miscellaneous devices, such as
4574:"GPU Prices Skyrocket, Breaking the Entire DIY PC Market"
3620:"Introducing NVIDIA GeForce RTX 30 Series Graphics Cards"
3400:"Integrated vs Dedicated Graphics Cards | Lenovo US"
1987:. Backward compatibility to VGA and DVI by using adapter
1899:
HDMI is a compact audio/video interface for transferring
831:), on workstations to accelerate video and 3D rendering,
4911:"ATI Radeon 8-pin audio / video VID IN connector pinout"
4514:"Nvidia touts GPU processing as the future of big data"
4446:
4444:
1833:
These connectors are included to allow connection with
852:
3D rendering API availability across operating systems
510:
4860:
Video demystified: a handbook for the digital engineer
4476:
4474:
483:
or a cable. These are known as external GPUs (eGPUs).
4971:
PCIe 2.1 has the same clock and bandwidth as PCIe 2.0
2408:
bus with an average bandwidth of 10 to 20 MB/s.
1304:
on which the components are mounted. These include:
1060:
Some GPUs are designed with specific usage in mind:
760:
connection, which is limited to supplying 75 watts.
730:(APU), while Intel brands similar technology under "
424:
graphics cards to emphasize their distinction to an
5550:
5494:
5453:
5444:
5322:
5258:
5201:
5130:
5065:
5056:
4925:"How to Connect Component Video to a VGA Projector"
2085:
For display on analog systems with SD resolutions (
2042:
For display on analog systems with SD resolutions (
276:
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3181:– the computer memory used to store a screen image
2171:It uses three cables, each with an RCA connector (
4604:"How Graphics Card shortage is killing PC Gaming"
4128:"GPU Accelerated Rendering and Hardware Encoding"
3308:
3306:
3281:"Powering Change with Nvidia AI and Data Science"
2442:: An interconnect bus architecture introduced by
4335:"System Requirements | Nuke | Foundry"
3972:"Crossfire and SLI market is just 300.000 units"
3731:"RTX 4090 | GeForce RTX 4090 Graphics Card"
1218:, build only Nvidia-based graphics cards, while
4947:"Quality Difference Between Component vs. HDMI"
2495:List of device bandwidths § Computer buses
1864:and out), or 6 connectors (S-Video in and out,
1746:and higher. Some problems of this standard are
3911:"How to Build a Quad SLI Gaming Rig | GeForce"
3905:
3903:
3878:"How to Build a Quad SLI Gaming Rig | GeForce"
1196:Comparison of Nvidia graphics processing units
560:to develop specialized graphics cards for the
5563:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
5030:
2148:The 8-pin mini-DIN connector is used in some
1923:. HDMI is a digital replacement for existing
8:
4062:"Hardware Selection and Configuration Guide"
3848:"Head to Head: Quad SLI vs. Quad CrossFireX"
1238:. Hong Kong–based AIB manufacturers include
252:
2239:, a digital display connector is required.
1879:High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
1200:Comparison of AMD graphics processing units
301:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5450:
5062:
5037:
5023:
5015:
4158:"V-Ray Next Multi-GPU Performance Scaling"
1767:(ICT) is not enabled on the Blu-ray disc.
850:
848:for applications to perform 3D rendering.
258:
3787:"SLI vs. CrossFireX: The DX11 generation"
2436:. It is a 32-bit bus clocked 33 MHz.
1903:data and compressed/uncompressed digital
1613:, which manages the depth coordinates in
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2498:
2458:secondary storage devices or peripherals
2013:
1816:
1403:
4852:
4850:
4425:. Jon Peddie Research. 16 August 2013.
3197:
1961:Video Electronics Standards Association
4774:"The Truth About DisplayPort vs. HDMI"
3251:"OpenGL vs DirectX - Cprogramming.com"
2127:, an RGB or YPbPr video signal, or an
416:. Graphics cards are sometimes called
336:
251:
4804:"Legacy Products | Matrox Video"
4754:from the original on 24 November 2020
4728:from the original on 12 November 2020
4459:from the original on 7 September 2013
4400:from the original on 28 November 2013
4078:from the original on 11 November 2020
3951:from the original on 12 December 2017
3921:from the original on 26 December 2017
3888:from the original on 26 December 2017
3797:from the original on 27 February 2013
3711:from the original on 19 February 2013
3570:from the original on 8 September 2008
3355:from the original on 12 December 2017
3291:from the original on 10 November 2020
3261:from the original on 12 December 2017
3231:from the original on 17 December 2017
1687:a DisplayPort, HDMI and two DVI ports
1300:A modern graphics card consists of a
7:
5568:List of pioneers in computer science
4953:from the original on 4 February 2016
4644:from the original on 8 November 2019
4584:from the original on 20 January 2018
4554:from the original on 21 January 2018
4524:from the original on 20 January 2018
4493:from the original on 23 January 2018
4429:from the original on 3 December 2013
4371:from the original on 18 January 2021
4218:"OctaneRender 2020 Preview is here!"
3600:from the original on 5 December 2009
3488:from the original on 3 December 2013
3482:"Introducing The GeForce GTX 780 Ti"
3462:from the original on 3 December 2013
1888:High-Definition Multimedia Interface
99:adding citations to reliable sources
3858:from the original on 10 August 2012
3671:"What is a Low Profile Video Card?"
3221:"ExplainingComputers.com: Hardware"
3122:List of graphics card manufacturers
350:A modern consumer graphics card: A
4835:from the original on 26 March 2018
4345:from the original on 1 August 2020
4285:from the original on 16 April 2020
4198:from the original on 11 April 2020
4012:from the original on 27 March 2020
3767:from the original on 15 March 2013
3701:"Best 'low profile' graphics card"
3325:from the original on 1 August 2020
3161:– examples of graphics card series
3127:List of computer display standards
2353:graphics. As can be seen from the
1712:Video Graphics Array (VGA) (DE-15)
25:
4784:from the original on 1 March 2014
4315:from the original on 3 March 2020
4255:from the original on 3 March 2020
4224:from the original on 7 March 2020
4168:from the original on 3 March 2020
4138:from the original on 3 March 2020
4108:from the original on 3 March 2020
4042:from the original on 3 March 2020
3982:from the original on 3 March 2020
3737:from the original on 8 March 2023
3681:from the original on 24 July 2020
3454:Crijns, Koen (6 September 2013).
2450:bus clocked at 67 or 83 MHz.
2010:Other types of connection systems
1273:24 hours a day, seven days a week
45:This article has multiple issues.
4988:. 16th edition. Que Publishing.
4716:"DisplayPort Technical Overview"
4275:"GPU Rendering — Blender Manual"
3187:– the inverse of a graphics card
2258:An analog standard once used by
1849:. They often come in two 10-pin
535:Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA)
497:
177:
75:
34:
4365:"What about multi-GPU support?"
3514:. 30 March 2018. Archived from
3313:Parrish, Kevin (10 July 2017).
1875:out and composite in and out).
626:Discrete vs integrated graphics
547:Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA)
456:allow using graphics cards for
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
4829:"Video Signals and Connectors"
4451:Chen, Monica (16 April 2013).
4069:documents.blackmagicdesign.com
3560:"Video Card Power Consumption"
2297:output on a single connector.
1975:. VESA designed it to replace
1771:Digital Visual Interface (DVI)
1158:Artificial Intelligence Cloud
307:Display via one of:
1:
5558:History of computing hardware
4721:. VESA.org. 10 January 2011.
426:integrated graphics processor
5426:Network interface controller
2289:A connector that provides a
1326:), also occasionally called
539:Color Graphics Adapter (CGA)
202:Knowledge's inclusion policy
5223:Refreshable braille display
5165:Refreshable braille display
4986:Upgrading and Repairing PCs
4748:"FAQ Archive – DisplayPort"
3225:www.explainingcomputers.com
3210:. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
3147:and graphics card designers
3143:– quasi duopoly of 3D chip
2349:from 1985/1986, supporting
1349:A half-height graphics card
728:Accelerated Processing Unit
5610:
4692:. HDMI.org. Archived from
4664:"Refresh rate recommended"
4634:"NVIDIA TITAN RTX is Here"
2492:
2394:bus clocked at 8 MHz.
2330:
2182:for digital component, or
2002:
1952:
1892:
1826:
1798:high-definition television
1785:
1727:
1311:
1266:processing. The growth of
815:generation, superseded by
551:Video Graphics Array (VGA)
531:computer display standards
3590:Maxim Integrated Products
3345:"Graphic Card Components"
3117:List of computer hardware
1927:standards. HDMI supports
1260:general-purpose computing
1173:Automated/Driverless car
732:Intel Graphics Technology
670:Integrated graphics with
658:Integrated graphics with
458:general-purpose computing
404:that generates a feed of
257:
3941:"NVIDIA Quad-SLI|NVIDIA"
3816:Adrian Kingsley-Hughes.
2382:: Introduced in 1981 by
2363:ISA 8-bit (XT) interface
1788:Digital Visual Interface
1780:Digital Visual Interface
1320:graphics processing unit
1314:graphics processing unit
1308:Graphics processing unit
438:graphics processing unit
5332:Central processing unit
5006:How Graphics Cards Work
3424:Brey, Barry B. (2009).
2347:Graphics Solution Rev 3
1796:, plasma screens, wide
660:partitioned main memory
646:between GPU and CPU is
576:'s introduction of the
434:central processing unit
283: via one of:
4984:Mueller, Scott (2005)
4512:Chanthadavong, Aimee.
2366:
2327:Motherboard interfaces
2312:
2285:
2254:
2167:
2144:
2118:
2081:
2038:
1950:
1890:
1824:
1783:
1765:Image Constraint Token
1725:
1720:Video Graphics Array (
1705:
1689:
1350:
1328:visual processing unit
1297:
687:
663:
651:
620:multimedia experiences
543:Hercules Graphics Card
358:
3351:. 23 September 2011.
2344:
2311:
2284:
2253:
2166:
2143:
2117:
2080:
2037:
1946:
1886:
1820:
1778:
1719:
1700:
1680:
1348:
1302:printed circuit board
1290:
1277:2020–21 chip shortage
709:memory-bus-contention
669:
657:
633:
466:cryptocurrency mining
349:
4002:"Is Multi-GPU Dead?"
3548:on 4 September 2011.
3255:www.cprogramming.com
1730:Video Graphics Array
1334:), is a specialized
705:random access memory
612:multi-monitor setups
470:molecular simulation
375:graphics accelerator
95:improve this article
4909:Pinouts.Ru (2017).
4857:Keith Jack (2007).
4696:on 22 February 2018
4614:on 1 September 2021
4580:. 19 January 2018.
1847:video game consoles
1410:Memory clock rate (
1204:integrated graphics
853:
779:Ampere architecture
672:unified main memory
254:
4309:www.chaosgroup.com
4192:www.redshift3d.com
4164:. 20 August 2019.
4038:. 24 August 2019.
4008:. 7 January 2018.
3828:on 7 February 2013
3793:. 11 August 2010.
3651:. 4 September 2020
3566:. 18 August 2006.
3518:on 1 December 2018
3379:www.imarcgroup.com
2367:
2313:
2286:
2255:
2168:
2145:
2119:
2103:mini-DIN connector
2082:
2039:
1951:
1921:digital television
1901:uncompressed video
1891:
1851:mini-DIN connector
1829:Video-in video-out
1825:
1784:
1726:
1706:
1702:Video-in video-out
1690:
1351:
1336:electronic circuit
1298:
1143:Cloud Workstation
851:
688:
664:
652:
562:Apple Macintosh II
509:. You can help by
393:, or colloquially
359:
5589:Graphics hardware
5576:
5575:
5546:
5545:
5476:Analog audio jack
5197:
5196:
4670:on 2 January 2007
4036:www.techradar.com
3458:. hardware.info.
3440:978-0-13-502645-8
3108:
3107:
2515:Bandwidth (MB/s)
2446:in 1995. It is a
2324:
2323:
2215:resolutions, and
1803:native resolution
1693:Output interfaces
1556:
1555:
1417:Bandwidth (GB/s)
1053:
1052:
798:Multicard scaling
527:
526:
352:Radeon RX 6900 XT
344:
343:
248:
247:
240:
230:
229:
222:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
5601:
5451:
5102:Optical trackpad
5067:Pointing devices
5063:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5016:
4972:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4949:. Extreme Tech.
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4808:video.matrox.com
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4727:
4720:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4666:. Archived from
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4610:. Archived from
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4478:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4279:docs.blender.org
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4066:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3976:www.fudzilla.com
3970:Abazovic, Fuad.
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3824:. Archived from
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3564:codinghorror.com
3556:
3550:
3549:
3544:. Archived from
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3432:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3217:
3211:
3205:"What is a GPU?"
3202:
2952:
2932:
2912:
2873:
2853:
2833:
2499:
2444:Sun Microsystems
2260:Sun Microsystems
2125:composite (CVBS)
2101:, on a four-pin
2014:
1969:computer monitor
1913:computer monitor
1857:in and out plus
1752:image distortion
1748:electrical noise
1688:
1651:cathode-ray tube
1404:
854:
839:3D graphics APIs
574:3dfx Interactive
522:
519:
501:
494:
379:graphics adapter
262:
255:
243:
236:
225:
218:
214:
211:
205:
181:
180:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
18:Video controller
5609:
5608:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5542:
5490:
5440:
5318:
5312:USB flash drive
5261:
5254:
5193:
5126:
5080:Game controller
5075:Graphics tablet
5052:
5043:
5002:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4956:
4954:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4930:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4893:
4891:
4889:pinoutguide.com
4883:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4856:
4855:
4848:
4838:
4836:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4785:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4757:
4755:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4673:
4671:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4617:
4615:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4587:
4585:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4557:
4555:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4527:
4525:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4481:Shilov, Anton.
4480:
4479:
4472:
4462:
4460:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4432:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4392:
4391:
4384:
4374:
4372:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4339:www.foundry.com
4333:
4332:
4328:
4318:
4316:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4286:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4243:Williams, Rob.
4242:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4171:
4169:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4132:helpx.adobe.com
4126:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4043:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4015:
4013:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3915:www.geforce.com
3909:
3908:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3882:www.geforce.com
3876:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3768:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3430:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3349:pctechguide.com
3343:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3232:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3113:
3101:64000 / 128000
2950:
2930:
2910:
2871:
2851:
2831:
2497:
2339:
2333:Bus (computing)
2331:Main articles:
2329:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2176:
2158:Component video
2136:8-pin mini-DIN
2029:Composite video
2012:
2007:
2001:
1957:
1941:
1929:copy protection
1917:video projector
1897:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1859:composite video
1843:video recorders
1831:
1815:
1790:
1773:
1732:
1714:
1695:
1686:
1643:digital signals
1635:
1627:shader programs
1625:, and compiled
1402:
1373:
1356:
1316:
1310:
1285:
1252:
1187:
1177:Nvidia Drive PX
1167:Radeon Instinct
1058:
1034:In development
1009:In development
841:
821:water solutions
800:
787:
740:
628:
589:NVIDIA RIVA 128
523:
517:
514:
507:needs expansion
492:
481:docking station
391:display adapter
365:(also called a
272:
244:
233:
232:
231:
226:
215:
209:
206:
192:Please help by
191:
182:
178:
167:
156:
150:
147:
110:"Graphics card"
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5607:
5605:
5597:
5596:
5594:Graphics cards
5591:
5581:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5436:Expansion card
5433:
5428:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5373:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5346:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5337:Microprocessor
5328:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5225:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5207:
5205:
5203:Output devices
5199:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5107:Pointing stick
5104:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5001:
5000:External links
4998:
4997:
4996:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4964:
4938:
4916:
4901:
4876:
4869:
4846:
4820:
4795:
4765:
4739:
4707:
4681:
4655:
4625:
4595:
4565:
4535:
4504:
4470:
4440:
4411:
4382:
4356:
4326:
4296:
4266:
4235:
4209:
4179:
4149:
4119:
4089:
4053:
4023:
3993:
3962:
3945:www.nvidia.com
3932:
3899:
3869:
3839:
3808:
3791:techreport.com
3778:
3748:
3722:
3705:Tom's Hardware
3692:
3662:
3636:
3611:
3581:
3551:
3529:
3512:Tom's Hardware
3499:
3473:
3446:
3439:
3416:
3404:www.lenovo.com
3391:
3366:
3336:
3319:Digital Trends
3302:
3272:
3242:
3212:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3173:AMD FireStream
3162:
3148:
3130:
3124:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:32000 / 64000
3081:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:16000 / 32000
3063:
3061:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:32000 / 64000
3027:
3025:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:16000 / 32000
3009:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:16000 / 32000
2955:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2451:
2437:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2395:
2377:
2337:Expansion card
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2256:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2120:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2083:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2040:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2003:Main article:
2000:
1997:
1965:display device
1953:Main article:
1940:
1937:
1893:Main article:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1827:Main article:
1822:VIVO connector
1814:
1811:
1786:Main article:
1772:
1769:
1756:sampling error
1734:Also known as
1728:Main article:
1713:
1710:
1694:
1691:
1683:Radeon HD 5850
1647:analog signals
1634:
1631:
1623:vertex buffers
1554:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1372:
1369:
1355:
1352:
1312:Main article:
1309:
1306:
1293:Radeon HD 7970
1284:
1281:
1268:cryptocurrency
1251:
1248:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1152:AMD FireStream
1149:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1057:
1056:Specific usage
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
976:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
928:
914:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
889:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
840:
837:
833:visual effects
799:
796:
786:
783:
756:occurs in the
739:
736:
700:system-on-chip
674:, to be found
640:memory latency
627:
624:
622:in computing.
604:video decoding
525:
524:
518:September 2022
504:
502:
491:
488:
410:display device
402:expansion card
342:
341:
340:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
278:
274:
273:
265:Radeon HD 5570
263:
246:
245:
228:
227:
210:September 2022
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
151:September 2022
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5606:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5508:Parallel port
5506:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5324:Computer case
5321:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5250:Graphics card
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5148:Graphics card
5146:
5144:
5143:Image scanner
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5058:Input devices
5055:
5051:
5048:
5040:
5035:
5033:
5028:
5026:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5011:
5010:HowStuffWorks
5007:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4994:0-7897-3173-8
4991:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4968:
4965:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4926:
4920:
4917:
4912:
4905:
4902:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4872:
4870:9780750678223
4866:
4862:
4861:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4766:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4724:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4505:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4458:
4455:. DIGITIMES.
4454:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4297:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4236:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4167:
4163:
4162:Puget Systems
4159:
4153:
4150:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4107:
4103:
4102:Puget Systems
4099:
4093:
4090:
4074:
4070:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4024:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3963:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3933:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3809:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3474:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3429:
3428:
3420:
3417:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3198:
3191:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:8000 / 16000
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:8000 / 16000
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2879:8000 / 16000
2878:
2876:5000 / 10000
2875:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2505:Width (bits)
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2181:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:video cards.
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:RCA connector
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2009:
2006:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:digital audio
1906:
1902:
1896:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:VGA connector
1737:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:, component,
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1617:, as well as
1616:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:Intel Arc Pro
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Nvidia Quadro
1120:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
973:
970:
967:
964:
962:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
923:
919:
916:
915:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
856:
855:
849:
847:
838:
836:
834:
830:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
807:for AMD, and
806:
797:
795:
793:
792:computer case
784:
782:
780:
776:
773:
770:
765:
761:
759:
755:
750:
746:
737:
735:
733:
729:
724:
722:
721:video editing
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
697:
693:
685:
681:
680:PlayStation 4
677:
673:
668:
661:
656:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
625:
623:
621:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
579:
578:Voodoo series
575:
570:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
521:
512:
508:
505:This section
503:
500:
496:
495:
489:
487:
484:
482:
478:
477:graphics card
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:video adapter
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:graphics card
357:
353:
348:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
282:
279:
275:
270:
266:
261:
256:
253:Graphics card
250:
242:
239:
224:
221:
213:
203:
199:
195:
189:
186:This article
184:
175:
174:
165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
5414:Power MOSFET
5397:Power supply
5366:Data storage
5302:Flash memory
5280:Optical disc
5262:data storage
5249:
5147:
4985:
4967:
4955:. Retrieved
4941:
4929:. Retrieved
4919:
4904:
4892:. Retrieved
4888:
4879:
4859:
4837:. Retrieved
4823:
4811:. Retrieved
4807:
4798:
4786:. Retrieved
4777:
4768:
4756:. Retrieved
4742:
4730:. Retrieved
4710:
4698:. Retrieved
4694:the original
4684:
4672:. Retrieved
4668:the original
4658:
4646:. Retrieved
4637:
4628:
4616:. Retrieved
4612:the original
4607:
4598:
4586:. Retrieved
4577:
4568:
4556:. Retrieved
4548:Ars Technica
4547:
4538:
4526:. Retrieved
4517:
4507:
4495:. Retrieved
4486:
4461:. Retrieved
4431:. Retrieved
4402:. Retrieved
4373:. Retrieved
4359:
4347:. Retrieved
4338:
4329:
4317:. Retrieved
4308:
4299:
4287:. Retrieved
4278:
4269:
4257:. Retrieved
4249:techgage.com
4248:
4238:
4226:. Retrieved
4212:
4200:. Retrieved
4191:
4182:
4170:. Retrieved
4161:
4152:
4140:. Retrieved
4131:
4122:
4110:. Retrieved
4101:
4092:
4080:. Retrieved
4068:
4056:
4044:. Retrieved
4035:
4026:
4014:. Retrieved
4005:
3996:
3984:. Retrieved
3975:
3965:
3953:. Retrieved
3944:
3935:
3923:. Retrieved
3914:
3890:. Retrieved
3881:
3872:
3860:. Retrieved
3851:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3826:the original
3821:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3790:
3781:
3769:. Retrieved
3760:
3751:
3739:. Retrieved
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3704:
3695:
3683:. Retrieved
3674:
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3648:
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3623:
3614:
3602:. Retrieved
3584:
3574:15 September
3572:. Retrieved
3563:
3554:
3546:the original
3542:xbitlabs.com
3541:
3532:
3520:. Retrieved
3516:the original
3511:
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3476:
3464:. Retrieved
3449:
3426:
3419:
3407:. Retrieved
3403:
3394:
3384:15 September
3382:. Retrieved
3378:
3369:
3357:. Retrieved
3348:
3339:
3327:. Retrieved
3318:
3293:. Retrieved
3284:
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3254:
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:
3200:
3185:Capture card
3092:PCIe ×16 5.0
3091:
3073:
3055:
3047:4000 / 8000
3037:
3020:PCIe ×16 4.0
3019:
3001:
2983:
2975:2000 / 4000
2965:
2946:PCIe ×16 3.0
2945:
2925:
2917:4000 / 8000
2905:
2897:1000 / 2000
2887:
2867:PCIe ×16 2.0
2866:
2858:4000 / 8000
2846:
2838:2000 / 4000
2826:
2808:
2800:4000 / 8000
2797:2500 / 5000
2789:
2781:2000 / 4000
2778:2500 / 5000
2770:
2762:1000 / 2000
2759:2500 / 5000
2751:
2740:2500 / 5000
2732:
2713:
2694:
2675:
2656:
2637:
2618:
2599:
2580:
2561:
2542:
2523:
2508:Clock rate (
2489:
2402:Macintosh II
2368:
2358:
2346:
2219:resolutions
2098:
2094:
2023:Description
1973:royalty-free
1958:
1925:analog video
1898:
1866:component YP
1832:
1806:
1791:
1733:
1707:
1671:
1636:
1608:
1557:
1542:
1527:
1512:
1497:
1482:
1468:
1452:
1437:
1422:
1400:Video memory
1386:
1374:
1365:water-cooled
1357:
1340:frame buffer
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1299:
1257:
1253:
1188:
1162:Nvidia Tesla
1147:Nvidia Tesla
1118:Workstation
1102:Cloud gaming
1078:Nvidia Titan
1059:
842:
825:
801:
788:
766:
762:
749:power supply
741:
738:Power demand
725:
717:3D animation
713:video gaming
689:
676:AMD "Kaveri"
671:
659:
648:not possible
647:
616:
593:
586:
571:
566:2D QuickDraw
555:
528:
515:
511:adding to it
506:
485:
476:
474:
446:
421:
417:
408:output to a
394:
390:
386:
383:VGA card/VGA
382:
378:
374:
371:display card
370:
366:
362:
360:
306:
249:
234:
216:
207:
194:spinning off
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
5513:Serial port
5504:(IEEE 1394)
5481:DisplayPort
5471:Thunderbolt
5344:Motherboard
5307:Memory card
5275:Floppy disk
5117:Touchscreen
4927:. AZCentral
4674:17 February
4618:1 September
4608:MarketWatch
4578:ExtremeTech
4433:30 November
4404:30 November
4375:10 November
4082:10 November
3955:11 December
3925:11 December
3892:11 December
3761:geforce.com
3733:. GeForce.
3655:24 February
3649:TechPowerUp
3629:24 February
3604:17 February
3522:30 November
3492:30 November
3466:30 November
3359:11 December
3295:10 November
3265:11 December
3235:11 December
3179:Framebuffer
3074:PCIe ×8 5.0
3056:PCIe ×4 5.0
3038:PCIe ×1 5.0
3002:PCIe ×8 4.0
2984:PCIe ×4 4.0
2966:PCIe ×1 4.0
2926:PCIe ×8 3.0
2906:PCIe ×4 3.0
2888:PCIe ×1 3.0
2847:PCIe ×8 2.0
2827:PCIe ×4 2.0
2818:500 / 1000
2809:PCIe ×1 2.0
2480:PCI Express
2237:4K Ultra HD
2131:interface.
1955:DisplayPort
1948:DisplayPort
1939:DisplayPort
1839:DVD players
1835:televisions
1615:3D graphics
1462:6.4–17.066
1127:AMD FirePro
1107:Nvidia Grid
1073:GeForce RTX
1068:GeForce GTX
1030:Sailfish OS
944:iOS/iPadOS
811:(since the
777:30 series,
758:PCI-Express
692:motherboard
636:PCI Express
475:Usually, a
462:AI training
430:motherboard
312:DisplayPort
287:PCI Express
281:Motherboard
277:Connects to
5583:Categories
5260:Removable
5245:Sound card
5175:Sound chip
5170:Sound card
5160:Microphone
5050:components
4957:29 January
4931:29 January
4894:9 November
4863:. Newnes.
4839:29 January
4813:9 November
4732:23 January
4690:"HDMI FAQ"
4648:7 November
4588:22 January
4558:22 January
4528:22 January
4497:22 January
4463:1 December
4006:Tech Altar
3852:Maximum PC
3715:6 December
3675:Outletapex
3409:9 November
3329:16 January
3192:References
2743:250 / 500
2493:See also:
2404:, it is a
2400:: Used in
2227:, but not
2150:ATI Radeon
2020:Connector
1967:such as a
1534:1365–1770
1519:1000–1750
1507:288–336.5
1504:1000–2000
1489:3000–4000
1477:12.8–25.6
1474:1600–4866
1447:3.2–8.533
1377:video BIOS
1371:Video BIOS
1262:, such as
1132:Radeon Pro
1112:Radeon Sky
900:Microsoft
805:CrossFireX
767:As of the
754:bottleneck
412:such as a
367:video card
198:relocating
121:newspapers
50:improve it
5523:PS/2 port
5518:Game port
5431:Fax modem
5270:Disk pack
5122:Trackball
5085:Light pen
4831:. Apple.
4758:22 August
4487:Anandtech
3159:Intel Arc
2727:Parallel
2708:Parallel
2689:Parallel
2670:Parallel
2651:Parallel
2632:Parallel
2613:Parallel
2594:Parallel
2575:Parallel
2556:Parallel
2537:Parallel
2374:S-100 bus
2359:CW16800-A
1552:512–1024
1549:250–1000
1459:800–2133
1444:400–1066
1360:heat sink
1354:Heat sink
1095:Intel Arc
881:OpenGL ES
644:Zero-copy
608:TV output
436:(CPU). A
422:dedicated
56:talk page
5502:FireWire
5495:Obsolete
5461:Ethernet
5240:Speakers
5138:Keyboard
5112:Touchpad
5047:computer
4951:Archived
4833:Archived
4788:13 March
4782:Archived
4778:dell.com
4752:Archived
4750:. VESA.
4723:Archived
4642:Archived
4582:Archived
4552:Archived
4522:Archived
4491:Archived
4457:Archived
4427:Archived
4398:Archived
4369:Archived
4343:Archived
4313:Archived
4283:Archived
4253:Archived
4222:Archived
4196:Archived
4166:Archived
4136:Archived
4106:Archived
4073:Archived
4040:Archived
4010:Archived
3980:Archived
3949:Archived
3919:Archived
3886:Archived
3862:13 March
3856:Archived
3832:13 March
3801:13 March
3795:Archived
3771:13 March
3765:Archived
3735:Archived
3709:Archived
3685:29 April
3679:Archived
3598:Archived
3568:Archived
3486:Archived
3460:Archived
3353:Archived
3323:Archived
3289:Archived
3259:Archived
3229:Archived
3111:See also
2790:PCIe x16
2648:132–800
2351:Hercules
1931:through
1911:device,
1670:, etc.)
1619:textures
1611:Z-buffer
1537:336–672
1522:160–673
1492:160–256
1432:1.6–3.2
1429:200–400
1381:firmware
1264:big data
1240:Sapphire
1232:GIGABYTE
1185:Industry
931:MoltenVK
418:discrete
406:graphics
399:computer
269:Sapphire
5551:Related
5454:Current
5295:Blu-ray
5233:Plotter
5228:Printer
5211:Monitor
5187:Softcam
5095:Optical
4979:Sources
4349:3 March
4319:3 March
4289:3 March
4259:3 March
4228:3 March
4202:3 March
4172:3 March
4142:3 March
4112:3 March
4046:3 March
4016:3 March
3986:3 March
3741:3 April
3167:(i.e.:
3151:GeForce
3104:Serial
3096:1 × 16
3086:Serial
3068:Serial
3050:Serial
3032:Serial
3024:1 × 16
3014:Serial
2996:Serial
2978:Serial
2960:Serial
2940:Serial
2920:Serial
2900:Serial
2882:Serial
2861:Serial
2841:Serial
2821:Serial
2803:Serial
2794:1 × 16
2784:Serial
2771:PCIe x8
2765:Serial
2752:PCIe x4
2746:Serial
2733:PCIe x1
2645:33–100
2434:jumpers
2072:S-Video
1989:dongles
1855:S-Video
1782:(DVI-I)
1761:Blu-ray
1192:duopoly
1064:Gaming
993:Nvidia
980:Android
893:Windows
866:DirectX
772:GeForce
698:, or a
490:History
442:acronym
432:or the
428:on the
414:monitor
397:) is a
337:More...
302:More...
135:scholar
5409:MOSFET
5349:Memory
5216:Screen
5182:Webcam
5045:Basic
4992:
4867:
4700:9 July
4638:NVIDIA
3624:NVIDIA
3437:
3285:Nvidia
3155:Radeon
3141:Nvidia
3078:1 × 8
3060:1 × 4
3006:1 × 8
2988:1 × 4
2951:1 × 16
2872:1 × 16
2775:1 × 8
2756:1 × 4
2714:AGP 8x
2695:AGP 4x
2676:AGP 2x
2657:AGP 1x
2642:32–64
2591:10–40
2543:ISA AT
2524:ISA XT
2518:Style
2448:64-bit
2406:32-bit
2392:16-bit
2276:DMS-59
2245:DB13W3
2064:NTSC50
2060:PAL-60
2050:) the
1983:, and
1639:RAMDAC
1633:RAMDAC
1598:, and
1596:GDDR5X
1514:GDDR5X
1250:Market
1234:, and
1089:Radeon
1083:Radeon
947:Apple
941:MacOS
938:Apple
926:iPadOS
886:OpenCL
876:OpenGL
861:Vulkan
829:Summit
817:NVLink
813:Turing
769:Nvidia
719:, and
610:, and
600:Nvidia
558:Radius
549:, and
468:, and
450:OpenCL
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
5528:eSATA
5446:Ports
5131:Other
5090:Mouse
4726:(PDF)
4719:(PDF)
4518:ZDNet
4076:(PDF)
4065:(PDF)
3822:ZDNet
3757:"SLI"
3431:(PDF)
3208:Intel
3165:GPGPU
2931:1 × 8
2911:1 × 4
2852:1 × 8
2832:1 × 4
2724:2000
2705:1000
2607:8.33
2581:NUBUS
2550:8.33
2531:4.77
2484:PCI-X
2474:PCI-X
2398:NuBus
2235:, or
2229:1080p
2225:1080i
2056:SECAM
2017:Type
2005:USB-C
1999:USB-C
1919:, or
1905:audio
1744:1080p
1736:D-sub
1722:DE-15
1685:with
1668:SCART
1600:GDDR6
1592:GDDR5
1588:GDDR4
1584:GDDR3
1572:SGRAM
1529:GDDR6
1499:GDDR5
1484:GDDR4
1407:Type
1296:card.
1283:Parts
1244:Zotac
1236:Palit
1005:Tizen
953:Linux
918:macOS
871:Metal
745:watts
354:from
332:USB-C
267:from
142:JSTOR
128:books
5486:HDMI
5402:SMPS
5390:SSHD
5384:NVMe
5380:SATA
5359:BIOS
4990:ISBN
4959:2016
4933:2016
4896:2023
4865:ISBN
4841:2016
4815:2023
4790:2013
4760:2012
4734:2012
4702:2007
4676:2007
4650:2019
4620:2021
4590:2018
4560:2018
4530:2018
4499:2018
4465:2013
4435:2013
4406:2013
4377:2020
4351:2020
4321:2020
4291:2020
4261:2020
4230:2020
4204:2020
4174:2020
4144:2020
4114:2020
4084:2020
4048:2020
4018:2020
3988:2020
3957:2017
3927:2017
3894:2017
3864:2013
3834:2013
3803:2013
3773:2013
3743:2023
3717:2012
3687:2020
3657:2024
3631:2024
3606:2007
3576:2008
3524:2018
3494:2013
3468:2013
3435:ISBN
3411:2023
3386:2024
3361:2017
3331:2020
3297:2020
3267:2017
3237:2017
3169:CUDA
2686:528
2667:264
2629:160
2619:VESA
2600:EISA
2502:Bus
2462:toys
2460:and
2418:EISA
2345:ATI
2335:and
2318:DE-9
2303:DE-9
2266:and
2223:and
2221:720p
2217:HDTV
2213:576p
2209:480p
2206:EDTV
2204:and
2202:576i
2198:480i
2195:SDTV
2097:and
2091:NTSC
2048:NTSC
1993:HDMI
1985:LVDS
1933:HDCP
1895:HDMI
1845:and
1794:LCDs
1754:and
1672:only
1655:bits
1637:The
1580:DDR2
1568:WRAM
1564:VRAM
1469:DDR4
1454:DDR3
1439:DDR2
1375:The
1242:and
1224:ASUS
1216:EVGA
1208:APUs
1198:and
1046:Yes
1021:Yes
999:Yes
996:Yes
984:Yes
974:Yes
971:Yes
968:Yes
961:Wine
957:Yes
924:and
912:Yes
909:Yes
906:Yes
897:Yes
846:APIs
785:Size
598:and
454:CUDA
452:and
317:HDMI
114:news
5538:VGA
5533:DVI
5466:USB
5419:VRM
5376:SSD
5371:HDD
5354:RAM
5290:DVD
5153:GPU
5008:at
3145:GPU
3139:),
3137:ATI
3133:AMD
2721:66
2718:32
2702:66
2699:32
2683:66
2680:32
2664:66
2661:32
2638:PCI
2626:40
2623:32
2610:32
2604:32
2588:10
2585:32
2572:20
2569:10
2566:32
2562:MCA
2553:16
2547:16
2510:MHz
2468:AGP
2454:USB
2440:UPA
2430:PCI
2424:VLB
2412:MCA
2390:or
2384:IBM
2380:ISA
2355:PCB
2295:VGA
2293:or
2291:DVI
2268:IBM
2264:SGI
2233:PPV
2129:I²C
2110:7P
2089:or
2087:PAL
2062:or
2046:or
2044:PAL
1981:DVI
1977:VGA
1664:VGA
1645:to
1604:GHz
1576:DDR
1544:HBM
1424:DDR
1412:MHz
1394:RGB
1392:to
1390:YUV
1379:or
1332:VPU
1324:GPU
1228:MSI
1220:XFX
1212:MSI
1043:No
1040:No
1037:No
1018:No
1015:No
1012:No
990:No
987:No
965:No
935:No
922:iOS
903:No
857:OS
809:SLI
775:RTX
734:".
696:CPU
684:HSA
678:or
596:AMD
582:CPU
513:.
420:or
395:GPU
356:AMD
327:VGA
322:DVI
297:AGP
292:PCI
196:or
97:by
5585::
5382:/
5285:CD
4887:.
4849:^
4806:.
4780:.
4776:.
4640:.
4636:.
4606:.
4576:.
4550:.
4546:.
4520:.
4516:.
4489:.
4485:.
4473:^
4443:^
4414:^
4396:.
4385:^
4367:.
4341:.
4337:.
4311:.
4307:.
4281:.
4277:.
4251:.
4247:.
4220:.
4194:.
4190:.
4160:.
4134:.
4130:.
4104:.
4100:.
4071:.
4067:.
4034:.
4004:.
3978:.
3974:.
3947:.
3943:.
3917:.
3913:.
3902:^
3884:.
3880:.
3854:.
3850:.
3820:.
3789:.
3763:.
3759:.
3707:.
3703:.
3677:.
3673:.
3647:.
3622:.
3596:.
3592:.
3562:.
3540:.
3510:.
3484:.
3402:.
3377:.
3347:.
3321:.
3317:.
3305:^
3287:.
3283:.
3257:.
3253:.
3227:.
3223:.
3171:,
3157:,
3153:,
3042:1
2970:1
2892:1
2813:1
2737:1
2534:8
2528:8
2512:)
2388:8-
2270:.
2262:,
2184:YP
2173:YC
2066:.
1979:,
1935:.
1915:,
1862:in
1841:,
1837:,
1750:,
1681:A
1659:Hz
1629:.
1621:,
1606:.
1594:,
1590:,
1586:,
1582:,
1570:,
1566:,
1560:GB
1414:)
1358:A
1318:A
1291:A
1279:.
1230:,
1226:,
1091:RX
1085:HD
1049:—
1024:—
920:,
723:.
715:,
694:,
642:.
606:,
545:,
541:,
537:,
472:.
464:,
389:,
385:,
381:,
377:,
373:,
369:,
361:A
59:.
5386:)
5378:(
5038:e
5031:t
5024:v
4961:.
4935:.
4913:.
4898:.
4873:.
4843:.
4817:.
4792:.
4762:.
4736:.
4704:.
4678:.
4652:.
4622:.
4592:.
4562:.
4532:.
4501:.
4467:.
4437:.
4408:.
4379:.
4353:.
4323:.
4293:.
4263:.
4232:.
4206:.
4176:.
4146:.
4116:.
4086:.
4050:.
4020:.
3990:.
3959:.
3929:.
3896:.
3866:.
3836:.
3805:.
3775:.
3745:.
3719:.
3689:.
3659:.
3633:.
3608:.
3578:.
3526:.
3496:.
3470:.
3443:.
3413:.
3388:.
3363:.
3333:.
3299:.
3269:.
3239:.
3175:)
3135:(
2365:.
2211:/
2200:/
2190:R
2188:P
2186:B
2179:R
2177:C
2175:B
2099:C
2095:Y
1872:R
1870:P
1868:B
1807:I
1724:)
1330:(
1322:(
686:)
682:(
520:)
516:(
241:)
235:(
223:)
217:(
212:)
208:(
204:.
190:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
