361:
the
Foreign Spouse Family Service Centers and set them into local communities. In addition, regular workshops and "foreign spouse life adaptation classes" were created, which educate them about Taiwanese culture. In order to enable foreign brides to communicate better with their new family members and to assist their children with studying or finding a new job, Mandarin and Taiwanese language classes are provided. Furthermore, 'multicultural' workshops and social events, where women have the opportunity to share parts of their culture with local people, are organized. Brides have the opportunity to participate in dance performances, food exhibitions, or give lectures to local children in schools. On the one hand, these events help women to integrate among locals, but on the other hand, they draw more attention to their "difference" and thus widen the gap between the Taiwanese and them.
48:, with the majority hailing from Vietnam. It is estimated that between the years of 1995 and 2003, the number of Vietnamese women married to Taiwanese men increased from 1,476 to more than 60,000 individuals, making the Vietnamese the largest non-Chinese immigrant group living in the island. This event has been seen locally and abroad as something that can potentially evolve into a concerning societal and humanitarian issue. This issue is not just localised in Taiwan but also in Southern China provinces as well as Hong Kong and Macau. In every case, these practices are illegal and are classified under
333:
United
Nations) who perceived the foreign brides phenomenon as part of an anti-trafficking campaign. This resulted in the Taiwanese government banning transnational commercial matchmaking in 2007 in an amendment to Immigration law. The amendment states that only individuals and non-profit organizations can provide matchmaking services. It has also prohibited advertising of these services in the mass media.
229:, and expect to be repaid for their monetary loss through reproductive and domestic work. Migrant brides are often expected to work long hours in the household, constantly serve their husband's parents, and prove their worth by bearing healthy children. As in most patriarchal societies, boys are always preferred. If a migrant bride cannot become pregnant or fails to produce a male
356:
Because of the above-mentioned problems that foreign brides have to deal with, local governments have established
Foreign Spouse Family Service Centers, which are facilities supposed to help foreign spouses. They are meant to provide general assistance and put foreign spouses in contact with relevant
336:
As a result, several hundred registered brokering companies were shut down and as of 2015 there were only about 40 operating non-profit organizations of transnational matchmaking in Taiwan. This did not necessarily solve the issue as many of these non-profit organizations were the original commercial
360:
At the same time, non-profit organizations financially supported by the state have been established in Taiwan. Their goal is to assist these women in adapting to a new life. The staff are local people who facilitate an easier exchange of information between women and the government. They also manage
332:
In the 2000s, foreign brides in Taiwan were considered by the public to be victims of marriage brokerage or objects for sale. Therefore the
Taiwanese government was put under a lot of pressure to solve the issue, not only from domestic media but also from the international community (for example the
169:
structure within a
Confucian system. This trait is highly prized by some Taiwanese men who feel that Taiwanese women are beginning to wrest away from the constraints of a patriarchal society. As such, marrying a foreign women may be an attempt by Taiwanese men to "reassert" ancient patriarch values.
144:
are aged over 30. All of these factors (lack of education, disadvantage, and advanced age) typically contribute to trouble in finding a bride locally and thus increase the desire to enter a migrant marriage. For many
Taiwanese men, migrant marriages can seem like an easy solution to their household
27:
men and
Vietnamese brides who are mostly from poor, rural areas of Vietnam, such as those along the Mekong Delta. As of 2006, out of Taiwanâs immigrant population of approximately 428,240 people (up from 30,288 in 1991), 18% were females who had relocated to the country through marriage. Out of this
364:
As for an example, The Pearl S. Buck
Foundation in Taipei has been dedicated to helping foreign brides and their children in Taiwan since 1997. The foundation offers a wide range of different activities. In 2022, the ââNew Residents Market 2.0ââ was organized by members of this foundation and other
117:
overseas. While a
Taiwanese man may pay up to $ 10,000 USD to arrange for a migrant marriage, the womanâs family may only see as little as $ 100 USD of that money, with the broker taking the rest. Nevertheless, most women, in agreeing to marriage, are under the impression that they will be able to
69:
takes place through intermediaries. Usually there is a local sub-agent who the
Taiwanese man approaches in Taiwan. The sub-agent usually works through a larger organization that has some sort of counterpart operating in Vietnam. At the Vietnam end a similar process operates with local sub-agents
274:
Many brides experience what is known as the "Taiwan Disillusionment," where due to their inferior position in their own family and in Taiwanese society in general, they attempt to obtain divorces. In the years of 1999 to 2000, there were 170 cases of divorce concerning a migrant individual. While
340:
In 2020, a Vietnamese man posted several photos of Vietnamese women for the purpose of dating potential spouses. The description of the photos included the age and marital status of these women. For violation of the Immigration Act, he was fined TWD 100,000 by the Immigration Department of the
161:â as their primary occupation rose from 16.7% while located in Vietnam to 52.4% after being relocated to Taiwan. As can be seen in a womanâs primary motivation for marriage (âTo help the familyâ), the Vietnamese have strong familial ties and apparently practice
214:," and their husbands are often seen as being morally and intellectually inferior. Migrant brides are also seen as unfit to bear legitimate Taiwanese citizens. In 2006, out of every 100 births, 12 were the product of a migrant marriage. Though in recent years
275:
some brides who obtain divorces return home to Vietnam, others, realizing some of the amenities they have grown accustomed to would be loss to them, often stay and try to find work in Taiwan. This can often be very difficult due to their poor education and
65:. This is followed by a visit to Vietnam where they view and are introduced to a number of potential "brides". The man selects a bride from the women that he meets and if it can be arranged, they marry and the bride moves to Taiwan/China. Most of the
316:, and migrant brides are often unaware of the local laws they can use to assert their rights. For those who do not speak Mandarin, getting help is almost impossible, and furthermore, those who do know the language claim that local authorities and
122:
in Vietnam, researchers asked the parents of marriage migrants why their daughters chose to migrate to Taiwan. The top three answers reported were âTo help the familyâ (61.6%), âFor a better lifeâ (10.8%), and âTo make parents happyâ (6.3%).
365:
sponsors. The aim of this event was a cultural exchange between locals and foreign brides who had the opportunity to introduce the culture of their native country to the local people, including their authentic exotic food and products.
139:
in Taiwan. Many times a man can be more than a decade, or possibly two to three decades, older than his migrant bride. Seventy percent of Vietnamese brides are under 23 years of age, while over eighty percent of their Taiwanese
60:
Taiwanese men (as well as Chinese men) who are single, aging, and poor, often will seek a Vietnamese wife (who are also often poor and from disadvantaged areas) will often pay a fee of between around US$ 7,000 and $ 10,000 to a
311:
by their husbands, who control the monetary funds of the household and often take control of their IDs to stop them from traveling long distances. Taiwanese men often bar their foreign wives from making friends or
265:
among foreign brides peaked in 1998 with 1.31% of incoming brides testing positive for the HIV/AIDs virus. Any foreigner who tests positive for the HIV/AIDs virus in Taiwan must leave the country immediately.
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authorities. The governmentâs plan is to have at least one center in each town, but so far it has not been achieved because of the supposed lack of qualified institutions to support the centers.
182:, migrant brides often find it difficult to deal with cultural and other issues, some of which include large age gaps with their husbands, demanding in-laws, and difficulties with the
222:, in 2004 the Vice Minister of Education Chou Tsan-Te expressed his concern about the "low quality" of immigrants and remarked that "foreign brides should not have so many children."
109:, the primary motivation in most migrant marriages, from the female perspective, is economy and security. The majority of Vietnamese women come from families that suffer from unpaid
190:
classes are available in Taiwan, many men are not willing to pay the fees for such education, and others seem to prefer their wives continue to be isolated through language.
79:
348:
in Ho Chi Minh City broke up a matchmaking ring and arrested two suspected marriage brokers. A subsequent raid on a home turned up more than 100 women seeking husbands.
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Because of their remote, rural origins, Vietnamese migrant brides often lack basic knowledge of what their life will be like in Taiwan. Despite increased resources and
939:
638:
Hsia, HsiaoâChuan (March 2007). "Imaged and imagined threat to the nation: the media construction of the 'foreign brides' phenomenon' as social problems in Taiwan".
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It can also be very difficult for Vietnamese and other migrant brides to acclimate to their own household. Taiwanese men tend to look at their brides as a financial
1189:
895:
386:
1184:
568:
Wang, Hong-zen (September 2007). "Hidden Spaces of Resistance of the Subordinated: Case Studies from Vietnamese Female Migrant Partners in Taiwan".
1116:
1062:
377:, a similar phenomenon involving Japanese farmers marrying foreign Asian brides from the Philippines, China, Thailand, Sri Lanka and South Korea
1179:
444:
Lan, PeiâChia (2008). "Migrant Women's Bodies as Boundary Markers: Reproductive Crisis and Sexual Control in the Ethnic Frontiers of Taiwan".
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population. While Taiwanese husbands tend to have more education than their Vietnamese brides, they still fall below the average levels of
540:
673:
Wang, Hong-zen; BÊlanger, Danièle (February 2008). "Taiwanizing female immigrant spouses and materializing differential citizenship".
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Because a migrant bride is often extremely dependent on her husband upon arriving in Taiwan, it is easy for her to fall victim to
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755:"Gender and Power Dynamics in Transnational Marriage Brokerage: The Ban on Commercial Matchmaking in Taiwan Reconsidered"
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The circumstances of the Vietnamese that go to Taiwan as brides are common. Most brides come from the remote
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725:""AIDs Brides" in Taiwan: Stigma and Discrimination against Female Marriage Immigrants from Southeast Asia"
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742:. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Law and Society Association, Berlin, Germany, Jul 25, 2007.
383:, a similar phenomenon involving Korean men marrying foreign Asian brides from Vietnam, Cambodia and China
969:
414:
603:
Hsia, Hsiao-Chuan (2009). "Foreign Brides, Multiple Citizenship and the Immigrant Movement in Taiwan".
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740:"International Marriage and Intimate Citizenship: A Cultural Legal Study of Family Law in Taiwan"
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Foreign brides are also often stigmatized for being seen as a contributing source to the growing
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Taiwanese men who marry women from Southeast Asia are typically drawn from a less educated and
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find work in Taiwan and send money back to their families in Vietnam. In one survey of origin
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skills. Also difficult to cope with in the event of a divorce is the almost certain loss of
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816:"'Assisting You to Become a Local': NGOs and Constructed Foreign Spouses in Eastern Taiwan"
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407:"Are households' poverty levels in Mekong Delta of Vietnam affected by access to credit?"
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of Vietnam, with more than half of the Vietnamese migrant brides coming from the rural
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brokers that just changed their names and the way of charging fees for services.
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presence in Taiwan. Taiwanese society often treats migrant brides as a threat to
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525:. Seminar on Female Deficit in Asia: Trends and Perspectives, Singapore, 5-7.
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and a large burden to the nation, despite the fact that the highest point of
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210:, they are often portrayed as either "passive victims" or "materialistic
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307:, the matter is by no means unheard of. Many women report being held in
303:. Although many claim incidents of extreme abuse are exacerbated by the
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to his parents. In one study, the percentage of women who reported â
520:"Marriage Migration Between Vietnam and Taiwan: A view from Taiwan"
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reported in 1999 that they deal with around 250 matchmaking rings.
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Marriage in South Korea#Marriages between Koreans and non-Koreans
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230:
110:
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794:"VN-Taiwan discuss brides' rights in illegally-made matches"
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of any children the couple may have had together, as under
543:. Asia Times. Archived from the original on 2003-04-14.
710:"Cambodian Brides in Taiwan Face Beating, Other Abuse"
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nature of their marriage (Wang 2008). In the nation's
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are usually also involved in the process as well. The
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Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review
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In Taiwanese society, all migrant brides are often
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202:for their poor class, gender position, and the
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324:and often refuse to listen to their stories.
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174:Acclimating to Taiwanese Society and Culture
74:, brokers, travel providers, officials, and
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28:population, about 85% originated from the
541:"Lessons for Taiwan's Vietnamese brides"
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518:Xoan Nguyen Thi, H.; G. Hugo (2005).
496:"Taiwanese Men Seek Vietnamese Wives"
233:, they run the risk of their husband
218:in Taiwan have increasingly promoted
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727:. American Sociological Association.
352:Organizations Helping Foreign Brides
291:Human Trafficking and Abuse Concerns
127:Reasons for Choosing a Migrant Bride
90:Reasons for Becoming a Migrant Bride
605:Asian and Pacific Migration Journal
17:Vietnamese migrant brides in Taiwan
796:. VietnamNet Bride. Archived from
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194:In the Public and Private Spheres
145:troubles, as a wife can act as a
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582:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00091.x
237:them and often face unbearably
570:International Migration Review
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832:10.1080/0966369X.2017.1395819
375:Asian migrant brides in Japan
287:, they belong to the father.
102:region. As is also common in
56:The Migrant Marriage Process
820:Gender, Place & Culture
640:Inter-Asia Cultural Studies
539:Dinh Thanh Lam, T. (2003).
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617:10.1177/011719680901800102
687:10.1080/13621020701794224
652:10.1080/14649370601119006
553:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
405:Duy, Vuong (2011-01-01).
1180:TaiwanâVietnam relations
854:"ăć°č稿ă čł˝çç ć°ä˝ć°ĺ¸éçčŚćĺ交ćľäšçž"
753:TSENG, Hsun-hui (2015).
270:"Taiwan Disillusionment"
498:. Humantrafficking.org.
245:HIV/AIDS Stigmatization
1200:International marriage
1159:Vietnamese boat people
422:Cite journal requires
860:(in Chinese (Taiwan))
814:Lin, Jun-hua (2018).
800:on September 3, 2010.
771:10.1353/ach.2015.0032
494:Jennings, R. (2007).
344:In early April 2007,
322:second-class citizens
905:Overseas Vietnamese
675:Citizenship Studies
341:Republic of China.
1195:Culture of Vietnam
723:Huang, Y. (2005).
712:. Radio Free Asia.
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314:phone calls
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200:stigmatized
186:. Although
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151:housekeeper
96:countryside
67:matchmaking
46:Philippines
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864:2022-12-16
393:References
227:investment
120:households
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779:155573618
695:144841406
660:143993205
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476:146206595
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263:infection
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220:fertility
180:amenities
159:housework
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107:migration
38:Indonesia
25:Taiwanese
21:marriages
1053:Bulgaria
1017:Malaysia
970:Cambodia
928:Americas
549:cite web
369:See also
318:shelters
277:language
153:, and a
42:Thailand
23:between
1152:Related
1126:Oceania
1085:Germany
1068:Finland
1048:Belgium
952:by city
940:Toronto
919:Senegal
281:custody
239:abusive
34:Vietnam
1112:Russia
1107:Poland
1102:Norway
1090:Berlin
1073:France
1058:Cyprus
1041:Europe
1032:Turkey
997:Israel
985:Taiwan
935:Canada
912:Africa
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63:broker
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975:China
836:S2CID
775:S2CID
691:S2CID
656:S2CID
621:S2CID
586:S2CID
523:(PDF)
472:S2CID
464:JSTOR
447:Signs
305:media
297:abuse
165:to a
155:nurse
111:debts
104:labor
1012:Laos
963:Asia
555:link
428:help
255:AIDS
231:heir
149:, a
80:TECO
828:doi
767:doi
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299:or
251:HIV
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