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Saga

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the sagas were conscious artistic creations, based on both oral and written tradition. A study focusing on the description of the items of clothing mentioned in the sagas concludes that the authors attempted to create a historic "feel" to the story, by dressing the characters in what was at the time thought to be "old fashioned clothing". However, this clothing is not contemporary with the events of the saga as it is a closer match to the clothing worn in the 12th century. It was only recently (start of 20th century) that the tales of the voyages to North America (modern day Canada) were authenticated.
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ban subversive forms of literature. Because new principalities lacked internal cohesion, a leader typically produced Sagas "to create or enhance amongst his subjects or followers a feeling of solidarity and common identity by emphasizing their common history and legends". Leaders from old and established principalities did not produce any Sagas, as they were already cohesive political units.
729:, whose form was influenced both by these oral stories and by literary models in both Old Norse and other languages. The majority — perhaps two thirds of the medieval corpus — seem to have been composed in the thirteenth century, with the remainder in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. These sagas usually span multiple generations and often feature everyday people (e.g. 721:), sometimes also called "family sagas" in English, are purportedly (and sometimes actually) stories of real events, which usually take place from around the settlement of Iceland in the 870s to the generation or two following the conversion of Iceland to Christianity in 1000. They are noted for frequently exhibiting a 975:
in the seventeenth century, but later returned to Iceland. Classical sagas were composed in the thirteenth century. Scholars once believed that these sagas were transmitted orally from generation to generation until scribes wrote them down in the thirteenth century. However, most scholars now believe
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Later (late thirteenth- and fourteenth-century) saga-writing was motivated by the desire of the Icelandic aristocracy to maintain or reconnect links with the Nordic countries by tracing the ancestry of Icelandic aristocrats to well-known kings and heroes to which the contemporary Nordic kings could
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argued that the Icelanders wrote the Sagas as a way to establish commonly agreed norms and rules in the decentralized Icelandic Commonwealth by documenting past feuds, while Iceland's peripheral location put it out of reach of the continental kings of Europe and that those kings could therefore not
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as well as Icelandic compositions in the same style. Norse translations of Continental romances seem to have begun in the first half of the thirteenth century; Icelandic writers seem to have begun producing their own romances in the late thirteenth century, with production peaking in the fourteenth
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Early, nationalist historians argued that the ethnic characteristics of the Icelanders were conducive to a literary culture, but these types of explanations have fallen out of favor with academics in modern times. It has also been proposed that the Icelandic settlers were so prolific at writing in
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According to historian Jón Viðar Sigurðsson, "Scholars generally agree that the contemporary sagas are rather reliable sources, based on the short time between the events and the recording of the sagas, normally twenty to seventy years... The main argument for this view on the reliability of these
985:(Age of the Sagas) in Icelandic history. The sagas of kings, bishops, contemporary sagas have their own time frame. Most were written down between 1190 and 1320, sometimes existing as oral traditions long before, others are pure fiction, and for some we do know the sources: the author of King 847:) blend remote history, set on the Continent before the settlement of Iceland, with myth or legend. Their aim is usually to offer a lively narrative and entertainment. They often portray Scandinavia's pagan past as a proud and heroic history. Some legendary sagas quote verse — particularly 992:
While sagas are generally anonymous, a distinctive literary movement in the 14th century involves sagas, mostly on religious topics, with identifiable authors and a distinctive Latinate style. Associated with Iceland's northern diocese of
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is usually associated with medieval texts, sagas — particularly in the legendary and chivalric saga genres — continued to be composed in Iceland on the pattern of medieval texts into the nineteenth century.
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and a growing range of other ones. Where available, the Íslenzk fornrit edition is usually the standard one. The standard edition of most of the chivalric sagas composed in Iceland is by Agnete Loth.
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Many modern artists working in different creative fields have drawn inspiration from the sagas. Among some well-known writers, for example, who adapted saga narratives in their works are
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The unique nature of the political system of the Icelandic Commonwealth created incentives for aristocrats to produce literature, offering a way for chieftains to create and maintain
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Icelandic sagas are based on oral traditions and much research has focused on what is real and what is fiction within each tale. The accuracy of the sagas is often hotly disputed.
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Pragmatic explanations were once also favoured: it has been argued that a combination of readily available parchment (due to extensive cattle farming and the necessity of
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Icelanders produced a high volume of literature relative to the size of the population. Historians have proposed various theories for the high volume of saga writing.
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does not find that explanation reasonable though, given that other settler communities have not been as prolific as the early Icelanders were.
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While often translated from verse, sagas in this genre almost never quote verse, and when they do it is often unusual in form: for example,
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was borrowed directly into English from Old Norse by scholars in the eighteenth century to refer to Old Norse prose narratives.
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sources is that the audience would have noticed if the saga authors were slandering and not faithfully portraying the past."
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style. It seems that stories from these times were passed on in oral form until they eventually were recorded in writing as
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The Unwashed Children of Eve: The Production, Dissemination and Reception of Popular Literature in Post-Reformation Iceland
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Kristinsson, Axel (1 June 2003). "Lords and Literature: The Icelandic Sagas as Political and Social Instruments".
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Like kings' sagas, when sagas of Icelanders quote verse, as they often do, it is almost invariably skaldic verse.
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contains the first recorded quotation of a refrain from an Icelandic dance-song, and a metrically irregular
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The Skaldic Project, An international project to edit the corpus of medieval Norse-Icelandic skaldic poetry
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More recently, Icelandic saga-production has been seen as motivated more by social and political factors.
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Most of the medieval manuscripts which are the earliest surviving witnesses to the sagas were taken to
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telling stories spanning multiple generations, or to refer to saga-inspired fantasy fiction. Swedish
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The vast majority of texts referred to today as "sagas" were composed in Iceland. One exception is
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A list, intended to be comprehensive, of translations of Icelandic sagas is provided by the
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The word continues to be used in this sense in the modern Scandinavian languages: Icelandic
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Negotiating Pasts in the Nordic Countries: Interdisciplinary Studies in History and Memory
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Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir, 'How Icelandic Legends Reflect the Prohibition on Dancing',
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and episcopal biographies. The genre seems to have begun in the mid-twelfth century.
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are preserved separately. The verse quoted in contemporary sagas is skaldic verse.
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Some legendary sagas overlap generically with the next category, chivalric sagas.
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between Icelandic families. However, sagas' subject matter is diverse, including
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Most sagas of Icelanders take place in the period 930–1030, which is called
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either translated from Continental European languages or composed locally.
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before winter) and long winters encouraged Icelanders to take up writing.
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Viking Friendship: The Social Bond in Iceland and Norway, C. 900–1300
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Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
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While sagas are written in prose, they share some similarities with
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A Sense of Belonging: Morkinskinna and Icelandic Identity, c. 1220
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between them and the rest of the population. Gunnar Karlsson and
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Dictionary of Old Norse Prose/Ordbog over det norrøne prosasprog
645:, "saga king", is intended to be ambiguous, as it describes the 637:
is the Swedish term for a fairy tale by a known author, such as
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The corpus of Old Norse sagas is gradually being edited in the
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Poetry from the Kings' Sagas 1 From Mythical Times to c. 1035
1590:(Author: Irwin, Constance publisher: Harper & Row, 1980) 1020:, a post-medieval forgery composed in Sweden. While the term 30:"Sagas" and "Viking saga" redirect here. For other uses, see 4179: 1503:, ed. by Rory McTurk (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005), pp. 190–204. 1486:, ed. by Rory McTurk (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005), pp. 190–204. 2053: 1363:, ed. by Rory Mcturk (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005), pp. 101–18. 1297:: "The Saga of the Ring". (The 2004 translation was titled 1271:, 1st edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2019). 1247:, 1st edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2019). 1973:
The Cambridge Introduction to the Old Norse-Icelandic Saga
1839:"Database of medieval Icelandic saga literary adaptations" 1548:, ed. by Rory Mcturk (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005), pp. 27–42. 1959:
A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture
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A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture
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A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture
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A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture
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A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture
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people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
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Eriksen, Anne; Sigurðsson, Jón Viðar (1 January 2010).
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Poetry from the Kings' Sagas 2 From c. 1035 to c. 1300
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Historian 709:Sagas of Icelanders and short tales of Icelanders 676:Norse sagas are generally classified as follows. 1886:Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A critical guide 574: 568: 446: 1610:Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 649:, who are known only from unreliable sources. 511:, and often include stanzas or whole poems in 4195: 2100: 1926:Jakobsson, Armann; Fredrik Heinemann (trans) 453:(sagas concerning Icelanders), which feature 408: 8: 1544:Margaret Cormack, 'Christian Biography', in 1014:, translated/composed in Norway; another is 892:century and continuing into the nineteenth. 816:, from around 1270–80, though some, such as 3829: 2129:Mythological Norse people, items and places 4202: 4188: 4180: 3916: 3394: 2155: 2107: 2093: 2085: 415: 401: 46: 2927:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend 1439:. Cornell University Press. p. 111. 496:, sagas were composed in the vernacular: 27:Ancient Norse prose stories and histories 1916:(Oxford University Press; 2nd ed. 1981) 1478:Matthew, Driscoll, 'Late Prose Fiction ( 1309:meaning "Saga of the Lord of the Rings". 735:) and larger-than-life characters (e.g. 1535:, n.s. 46 (2015), 73–113 (p. 88 n. 34). 1202: 58: 4873:Types of fiction with multiple endings 1648:from the original on 12 September 2022 1330:from the original on 12 September 2022 1289:series was translated into Swedish by 641:. In Swedish historiography, the term 1888:(University of Toronto Press, 2005) 1849:from the original on 12 November 2022 1791: 1789: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1670:(Enfield Lock: Hisarlik Press, 1997). 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1414:from the original on 22 December 2015 500:and its later descendants, primarily 473:both from Scandinavia and elsewhere; 391:WikiProject Norse history and culture 7: 1930:(Syddansk Universitetsforlag. 2014) 1618:from the original on 8 December 2014 1359:Vésteinn Ólason, 'Family Sagas', in 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1305:(1926–2006) translated the work as 859:— and when they do it is invariably 697:, probably compiled and composed by 438:and to a lesser extent elsewhere in 2987:named weapons, armour and treasures 1975:(Cambridge University Press, 2010) 1495:Jürg Glauser, 'Romance (Translated 457:voyages, migration to Iceland, and 434:stories and histories, composed in 4164:Heathenry (new religious movement) 1694:from the original on 16 March 2017 1638:"AM 657 a-b 4to | Handrit.is" 999:North Icelandic Benedictine School 463:pre-Christian Scandinavian legends 445:The most famous saga-genre is the 25: 5276:Third-person omniscient narrative 2080:The Icelandic sagas at Netútgáfan 1092:Bibliography of Saga Translations 914: 2827:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri 1826:Late Medieval Icelandic Romances 997:, this movement is known as the 552:(in the sense 'a saying', as in 66: 1806:from the original on 2 May 2023 1720:Scandinavian Journal of History 1453:from the original on 2 May 2023 1384:from the original on 2 May 2023 479:contemporary Icelandic politics 4664:Conflict between good and evil 3264:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán 1588:Strange Footprints on the Land 1531:', trans. by Philip Lavender, 1433:Sigurdsson, Jon Vidar (2017). 647:semi-legendary kings of Sweden 560:; but the modern English term 1: 1408:(Blackwell Reference Online)" 1406:Sagas of Contemporary History 1212:(Copenhagen: , 1983–), s.v. ' 1079:series, which covers all the 1029:Explanations for saga writing 1914:An Introduction to Old Norse 1902:(Brepols Publishers. 2009) 1561:Clothing In Norse Literature 1116:Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué 40:Viking Saga (disambiguation) 3334:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr 2003:(Brepols Publishers. 2012) 1802:. Odense University Press. 1088:National Library of Iceland 960:(AM 132 folio 13r) c. 1350. 5533: 4001:Festivals and holy periods 2075:Old Norse Prose and Poetry 1136:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1067:also trace their origins. 1003:Norðlenski Benediktskólinn 915:Saints' and bishops' sagas 898:Jarlmanns saga ok Hermanns 873: 833: 792: 274:First Grammatical Treatise 29: 5303:Stream of unconsciousness 4834:Falling action/Catastasis 3269:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr 2982:named animals and plants 2126: 2025:Handbok i norrøn filologi 1884:Clover, Carol J. et al. 1843:Christopher W. E. Crocker 1772:. Nordic Academic Press. 1732:10.1080/03468750310001192 1071:Editions and translations 1017:Hjalmars och Hramers saga 819:Arons saga Hjörleifssonar 768:short tales of Icelanders 526:The main meanings of the 519:Etymology and meaning of 5512:North Germanic languages 4671:Self-fulfilling prophecy 3090:Black elves (Svartálfar) 1971:Ross, Margaret Clunies 1961:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2005) 1796:Tulinius, Torfi (2002). 1666:Matthew James Driscoll, 1533:Leeds Studies in English 1219:18 December 2019 at the 488:Sagas originated in the 5298:Stream of consciousness 4761:Suspension of disbelief 3972:Sacred trees and groves 3212:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa 3085:Light elves (Ljósálfar) 2069:Icelandic Saga Database 2061:Encyclopædia Britannica 1987:The Sagas of Icelanders 1898:Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.) 1799:The Matter of the North 1563:(HistoriskeDragter.dk)" 1324:www.fotevikensmuseum.se 639:Hans Christian Andersen 542:with the English words 4839:Denouement/Catastrophe 4820:Rising action/Epitasis 3830: 3080:Dark elves (Dökkálfar) 2729:Narfi (father of Nott) 1612:(The Skaldic Project)" 1152:Robert Louis Stevenson 1056:social differentiation 961: 673: 575: 569: 515:embedded in the text. 447: 36:Sagas (disambiguation) 5185:Utopian and dystopian 3222:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi 2501:Sister-wife of Njörðr 2050:Gosse, Edmund William 1303:Þorsteinn Thorarensen 1286:The Lord of the Rings 949: 660: 32:Saga (disambiguation) 5517:Old Norse literature 5507:Icelandic literature 4739:Narrative techniques 4519:Story within a story 4331:Supporting character 3992:Wetlands and islands 3112:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn 1999:Whaley, Diana (ed.) 1845:. 23 February 2019. 1197:References and notes 1132:Ottilie Liljencrantz 1112:Margaret Elphinstone 924:heilagra manna sögur 766:The material of the 679: 5497:Medieval literature 5444:Political narrative 5286:Unreliable narrator 5143:Speculative fiction 4851:Nonlinear narrative 4799:Three-act structure 4659:Deal with the Devil 3274:Narfi (son of Loki) 2421:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr 1985:Thorsson, Örnólfur 1912:Gordon, E. V. (ed) 1569:on 23 November 2014 1516:, 61 (2006), 25–52. 1378:www.heimskringla.no 1320:"Untitled Document" 1307:Hringadróttins saga 1172:William T. Vollmann 1148:Adam Oehlenschläger 1140:George Mackay Brown 668:: Illustration for 292:Proto-Indo-European 5422:Narrative paradigm 5417:Narrative identity 5347:Dominant narrative 5293:Multiple narrators 4577:Fictional location 4420:Dramatic structure 3920:Religious practice 3894:Old Norse language 3361:Váli (son of Loki) 3249:Líf and Lífthrasir 3157:Árvakr and Alsviðr 3152:Horses of the Æsir 3132:Hati Hróðvitnisson 2273:Váli (son of Odin) 2116:Old Norse religion 2023:Haugen, Odd Einar 1940:Jakobsson, Ármann 1824:Agnete Loth, ed., 1263:2 May 2023 at the 1239:2 May 2023 at the 962: 956:in the manuscript 800:Contemporary sagas 795:Contemporary sagas 789:Contemporary sagas 674: 556:), and the German 513:alliterative verse 483:chivalric romances 475:Scandinavian kings 337:Greenlandic Norse 216:alliterative verse 5484: 5483: 5427:Narrative therapy 4861:television series 4806:Freytag's Pyramid 4649:Moral development 4552:Alternate history 4262:False protagonist 4177: 4176: 4169:Nordic Bronze Age 4159:Germanic paganism 4147: 4146: 4018:Germanic calendar 3982:Temple at Uppsala 3780: 3779: 3384: 3383: 3344:Þjálfi and Röskva 3288:Personifications 2151:and other figures 2037:978-82-450-0105-1 2009:978-2-503-51896-1 1981:978-0-521-73520-9 1922:978-0-19-811184-9 1908:978-2-503-51897-8 1446:978-1-5017-0848-0 1374:"heimskringla.no" 1160:Rosemary Sutcliff 1156:August Strindberg 1120:Gunnar Gunnarsson 889:chansons de geste 715:Icelanders' sagas 425: 424: 100:Greenlandic Norse 16:(Redirected from 5524: 5407:Literary science 4950:Narrative poetry 4846:Linear narrative 4756:Stylistic device 4751:Show, don't tell 4714:Figure of speech 4504:Shaggy dog story 4247:Characterization 4204: 4197: 4190: 4181: 3917: 3835: 3602:Grove of fetters 3395: 3102:Fjalar (rooster) 2862:Fjalar and Galar 2156: 2109: 2102: 2095: 2086: 2065: 2057: 1989:(Penguin. 2001) 1859: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1835: 1829: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1793: 1784: 1783: 1763: 1752: 1751: 1715: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1684: 1671: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1604: 1598: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1565:. Archived from 1555: 1549: 1542: 1536: 1528:Þjalar-Jóns saga 1523: 1517: 1510: 1504: 1493: 1487: 1476: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1400: 1394: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1370: 1364: 1357: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1316: 1310: 1281:J. R. R. Tolkien 1278: 1272: 1254: 1248: 1230: 1224: 1207: 908:Þjalar-Jóns saga 780:Íslendinga sögur 778:) is similar to 776:Íslendingaþættir 743:Nordic countries 699:Snorri Sturluson 662:Snorri Sturluson 578: 572: 452: 417: 410: 403: 379:Old Norse origin 377:English words of 358: 340: 219: 70: 69: 47: 21: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5522: 5521: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5412:Literary theory 5352:Fiction writing 5335: 5307: 5242: 4994: 4986: 4877: 4775: 4680: 4615: 4538: 4409:Deus ex machina 4350: 4336:Title character 4321:Stock character 4267:Focal character 4213: 4208: 4178: 4173: 4143: 4099:Norse cosmology 4037: 3996: 3908: 3904:Later influence 3818: 3776: 3490:Other locations 3485: 3434: 3380: 3307:Sumarr and Vetr 2991: 2913: 2803: 2604:Gjálp and Greip 2505: 2440: 2287: 2152: 2150: 2141: 2131: 2122: 2113: 2048: 2045: 2017: 2015:Further reading 1942:Icelandic sagas 1868: 1863: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1837: 1836: 1832: 1823: 1819: 1809: 1807: 1795: 1794: 1787: 1780: 1765: 1764: 1755: 1717: 1716: 1707: 1697: 1695: 1686: 1685: 1674: 1665: 1661: 1651: 1649: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1621: 1619: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1586: 1582: 1572: 1570: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1543: 1539: 1524: 1520: 1511: 1507: 1494: 1490: 1477: 1466: 1456: 1454: 1447: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1417: 1415: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1387: 1385: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1358: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1299:Ringarnas herre 1295:Sagan om ringen 1293:with the title 1279: 1275: 1265:Wayback Machine 1255: 1251: 1241:Wayback Machine 1231: 1227: 1221:Wayback Machine 1208: 1204: 1199: 1180: 1128:Halldór Laxness 1100: 1098:Popular culture 1081:Íslendingasögur 1077:Íslenzk fornrit 1073: 1039:Gunnar Karlsson 1031: 944: 917: 881:Chivalric sagas 878: 876:Chivalric sagas 872: 870:Chivalric sagas 841:Legendary sagas 838: 832: 830:Legendary sagas 797: 791: 732:Bandamanna saga 727:Íslendingasögur 719:Íslendingasögur 711: 682: 666:Christian Krohg 655: 617:genre of novels 607:), and Swedish 524: 449:Íslendingasögur 421: 385: 384: 381: 378: 372: 356: 338: 317: 309: 308: 287: 279: 278: 270: 269: 245: 244: 220: 213: 212: 206: 198: 197: 170: 169: 159:Younger Futhark 141: 133: 132: 124: 123: 103: 98: 78: 67: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5530: 5528: 5520: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5489: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5476:Verisimilitude 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5457: 5456: 5446: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5381: 5379:Parallel novel 5376: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5349: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5317: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5252: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5150: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5021:Action fiction 5013: 5008: 5002: 5000: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4905: 4900: 4893: 4887: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4848: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4822: 4817: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4785: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4690: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4661: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4625: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4602: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4589: 4584: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4548: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4499:Self-insertion 4496: 4491: 4486: 4484:Poetic justice 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4454: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4373: 4368: 4360: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4286: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4242:Character flaw 4239: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4199: 4192: 4184: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3921: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3857: 3850: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3794:Æsir–Vanir War 3790: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3632:Hoddmímis holt 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3466:Körmt and Örmt 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3401: 3399: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3357: 3356: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2897:Sons of Ivaldi 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2813: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2515: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2456: 2450: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2297: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2243:Móði and Magni 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2164: 2162: 2153: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2114: 2112: 2111: 2104: 2097: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2066: 2044: 2043:External links 2041: 2040: 2039: 2029:Fagbokforlaget 2019:In Norwegian: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2011: 1997: 1995:978-0141000039 1983: 1969: 1967:978-0631235026 1952: 1938: 1936:978-8776748456 1924: 1910: 1896: 1894:978-0802038234 1878: 1877: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1830: 1817: 1785: 1778: 1753: 1705: 1672: 1659: 1629: 1599: 1580: 1550: 1537: 1518: 1505: 1488: 1464: 1445: 1425: 1395: 1365: 1341: 1311: 1273: 1249: 1225: 1214:1 saga sb. f.' 1201: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1179: 1176: 1168:J.R.R. Tolkien 1144:William Morris 1099: 1096: 1072: 1069: 1030: 1027: 943: 940: 928:bishops' sagas 916: 913: 874:Main article: 871: 868: 845:fornaldarsögur 836:Legendary saga 834:Main article: 831: 828: 813:Sturlunga saga 793:Main article: 790: 787: 710: 707: 681: 678: 664:, portrait by 654: 651: 523: 517: 423: 422: 420: 419: 412: 405: 397: 394: 393: 387: 386: 383: 382: 375: 371: 370: 365: 360: 352: 347: 342: 334: 329: 324: 318: 315: 314: 311: 310: 307: 306: 301: 299:Proto-Germanic 295: 294: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 277: 276: 268: 267: 259: 250: 246: 243: 242: 234: 225: 221: 208: 207: 204: 203: 200: 199: 196: 195: 189: 188: 183: 177: 176: 174:Latin alphabet 168: 167: 161: 154: 152:Runic alphabet 150: 149: 148: 142: 139: 138: 135: 134: 131: 130: 122: 121: 115: 108: 106:Old East Norse 104: 97: 96: 91: 84: 82:Old West Norse 80: 79: 76: 75: 72: 71: 63: 62: 56: 55: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5529: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5461:Screenwriting 5459: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5266:Second-person 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5170:Magic realism 5168: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5101:Psychological 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5081:Philosophical 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5006:Autobiography 5004: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4945:Narrative art 4943: 4941: 4938: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4903:Flash fiction 4901: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4794:Act structure 4792: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4611:Worldbuilding 4609: 4607: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4459: 4458:Kishōtenketsu 4455: 4453: 4452: 4451:In medias res 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4430:Foreshadowing 4428: 4426: 4425:Eucatastrophe 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4388:Chekhov's gun 4386: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4278: 4277:Gothic double 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4257:Deuteragonist 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4237:Character arc 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4205: 4200: 4198: 4193: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3962:Öndvegissúlur 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3942:Heitstrenging 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3889:Völsung Cycle 3887: 3885: 3884:Tyrfing Cycle 3882: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3832:Gesta Danorum 3828: 3827: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3804:Fróði's Peace 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 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3081: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3003:Ask and Embla 3001: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2464:Ingunar-Freyr 2462: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 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1677: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1660: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1633: 1630: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1596:0-06-022772-9 1593: 1589: 1584: 1581: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1429: 1426: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1399: 1396: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1164:Esaias Tegnér 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1108:Laurent Binet 1105: 1104:Poul Anderson 1097: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 990: 988: 984: 983: 977: 974: 970: 965: 959: 958:Möðruvallabók 955: 954: 950:Excerpt from 948: 941: 939: 937: 933: 932:biskupa sögur 929: 925: 921: 920:Saints' sagas 912: 910: 909: 904: 900: 899: 893: 890: 886: 882: 877: 869: 867: 864: 862: 858: 857: 856:Heiðreks saga 852: 851: 850:Vǫlsunga saga 846: 842: 837: 829: 827: 823: 821: 820: 815: 814: 809: 805: 804:samtíðarsögur 801: 796: 788: 786: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 764: 762: 761: 756: 755: 750: 749: 744: 740: 739: 734: 733: 728: 724: 720: 716: 708: 706: 704: 703:skaldic verse 700: 696: 695: 690: 686: 677: 671: 667: 663: 659: 652: 650: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 623: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 593: 589:), Norwegian 588: 584: 583: 577: 571: 565: 563: 559: 555: 551: 550: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 522: 518: 516: 514: 510: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 451: 450: 443: 441: 437: 433: 429: 418: 413: 411: 406: 404: 399: 398: 396: 395: 392: 389: 388: 380: 374: 373: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 313: 312: 305: 302: 300: 297: 296: 293: 290: 289: 283: 282: 275: 272: 271: 265: 264: 260: 258: 257: 252: 251: 249: 240: 239: 235: 233: 232: 231:of Icelanders 227: 226: 224: 217: 211: 202: 201: 194: 191: 190: 187: 184: 182: 179: 178: 175: 172: 171: 165: 162: 160: 156: 155: 153: 147: 144: 143: 137: 136: 129: 126: 125: 119: 116: 114: 110: 109: 107: 101: 95: 94:Old Norwegian 92: 90: 89:Old Icelandic 86: 85: 83: 74: 73: 65: 64: 61: 57: 53: 49: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 5466:Storytelling 5281:Subjectivity 5271:Third-person 5261:First-person 5132: 4895: 4704:Comic relief 4456: 4449: 4440:Flashforward 4407: 4381:Origin story 4363: 4326:Straight man 4281: 3866: 3852: 3845: 3838: 3809:Hjaðningavíg 3587:Glæsisvellir 3127:Gullinbursti 2774:Útgarða-Loki 2168:Almáttki áss 2059: 2055:"Saga"  2024: 2018: 2000: 1986: 1972: 1958: 1955:McTurk, Rory 1941: 1927: 1913: 1899: 1885: 1879: 1869: 1851:. Retrieved 1842: 1833: 1825: 1820: 1808:. Retrieved 1798: 1768: 1723: 1719: 1696:. Retrieved 1667: 1662: 1652:12 September 1650:. Retrieved 1641: 1632: 1620:. Retrieved 1609: 1602: 1587: 1583: 1571:. Retrieved 1567:the original 1560: 1553: 1545: 1540: 1532: 1527: 1521: 1513: 1508: 1500: 1497:Riddarasögur 1496: 1491: 1483: 1479: 1455:. Retrieved 1435: 1428: 1416:. Retrieved 1405: 1398: 1386:. Retrieved 1377: 1368: 1360: 1334:12 September 1332:. Retrieved 1323: 1314: 1306: 1298: 1294: 1291:Åke Ohlmarks 1284: 1276: 1268: 1252: 1244: 1228: 1209: 1205: 1188: 1124:Henrik Ibsen 1101: 1085: 1080: 1074: 1065: 1053: 1050: 1043: 1035: 1032: 1021: 1015: 1011:Þiðreks saga 1009: 1007: 1002: 991: 980: 978: 966: 963: 951: 931: 923: 918: 906: 896: 894: 885:riddarasögur 884: 879: 865: 861:Eddaic verse 854: 848: 844: 839: 824: 817: 811: 808:samtímasögur 807: 803: 798: 784: 779: 775: 771: 765: 760:Grettis saga 758: 754:Laxdæla saga 752: 746: 736: 730: 726: 718: 712: 694:Heimskringla 692: 689:konungasögur 688: 685:Kings' sagas 683: 680:Kings' sagas 675: 672:1899-Edition 670:Heimskringla 669: 642: 634: 620: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 590: 586: 580: 566: 561: 557: 553: 547: 543: 535: 531: 525: 520: 506: 487: 444: 427: 426: 261: 254: 236: 229: 222: 44: 18:Viking sagas 5471:Tellability 5437:Metafiction 5432:Narratology 5204:Theological 5096:Pop culture 4977:Short story 4955:Epic poetry 4676:Time travel 4489:Red herring 4474:Plot device 4445:Frame story 4398:Cliffhanger 4341:Tritagonist 4316:Protagonist 3967:Reginnaglar 3899:Orthography 3872:Jómsvíkinga 3847:Poetic Edda 3760:Urðarbrunnr 3755:Mímisbrunnr 3687:Singasteinn 3617:Hindarfjall 3597:Gnipahellir 3577:Ginnungagap 3552:Fyrisvellir 3547:Fornsigtuna 3481:Vimur River 3471:Slidr River 3244:Jörmungandr 2654:Hrímgrímnir 2283:Vili and Vé 1853:17 November 1726:(1): 1–17. 1573:15 November 1060:Jesse Byock 936:hagiography 579:), Faroese 509:epic poetry 490:Middle Ages 440:Scandinavia 322:Dalecarlian 316:Descendants 304:Proto-Norse 256:Poetic Edda 146:Orthography 128:Old Gutnish 118:Old Swedish 5491:Categories 5357:Continuity 5226:Nonfiction 5190:Underwater 5086:Picaresque 5061:Historical 5046:Epistolary 4918:Fairy tale 4829:Peripeteia 4811:Exposition 4567:Dreamworld 4509:Stereotype 4479:Plot twist 4227:Antagonist 4134:Viking Age 4109:Philosophy 3977:Sonargöltr 3862:Runestones 3854:Prose Edda 3799:Fimbulvetr 3750:Hvergelmir 3717:Valaskjálf 3677:Sessrúmnir 3647:Jötunheimr 3622:Hlidskjalf 3612:Himinbjörg 3582:Glaðsheimr 3567:Gastropnir 3522:Bilskirnir 3502:Amsvartnir 3415:Gjallarbrú 3398:Underworld 3354:Landvættir 3254:Loddfáfnir 3232:Svaðilfari 3217:Hófvarpnir 3162:Blóðughófi 3142:Hildisvíni 3018:Aurvandill 2779:Vafþrúðnir 2764:Þrúðgelmir 2624:Harðgreipr 1642:handrit.is 1622:11 January 1418:11 January 1388:11 January 1269:OED Online 1258:saga, n.1. 1245:OED Online 1184:Prose Edda 953:Njáls saga 748:Njáls saga 738:Egils saga 631:fairy tale 599:), Danish 263:Prose Edda 205:Literature 193:Morphology 113:Old Danish 5248:Narration 5197:Superhero 5121:Chivalric 5106:Religious 5091:Political 5026:Adventure 5011:Biography 4933:Tall tale 4781:Structure 4766:Symbolism 4734:Narration 4634:Leitmotif 4562:Crossover 4557:Backstory 4514:Story arc 4464:MacGuffin 4435:Flashback 4376:Backstory 4252:Confidant 4232:Archenemy 4219:Character 4211:Narrative 4089:Mead hall 4023:Þorrablót 3877:Legendary 3772:Yggdrasil 3732:Víðbláinn 3727:Vanaheimr 3702:Þrymheimr 3697:Þrúðvangr 3692:Þrúðheimr 3662:Munarvágr 3652:Mímameiðr 3627:Hnitbjorg 3542:Fólkvangr 3527:Brávellir 3476:Vadgelmir 3461:Kerlaugar 3430:Niðafjöll 3390:Locations 3366:Valkyries 3314:Sæhrímnir 3202:Gulltoppr 3167:Falhófnir 3065:Einherjar 3048:Landdísir 2882:Mótsognir 2872:Hreiðmarr 2784:Víðblindi 2734:Sökkmímir 2724:Mögþrasir 2684:Hyrrokkin 2649:Hrímgerðr 2644:Hræsvelgr 2634:Helreginn 2629:Helblindi 2549:Bergelmir 2213:Ítreksjóð 2120:mythology 2027:(Bergen: 1870:Primary: 1810:1 January 1748:143890402 1740:0346-8755 1480:Lygisögur 1457:3 January 1234:saw, n.2. 723:realistic 635:konstsaga 627:folk tale 528:Old Norse 502:Icelandic 498:Old Norse 363:Norwegian 357:(extinct) 350:Icelandic 339:(extinct) 286:Ancestors 238:Legendary 186:Phonology 60:Old Norse 5454:Glossary 5449:Rhetoric 5256:Diegesis 5236:Creative 5209:Thriller 5158:Southern 5076:Paranoid 5071:Nautical 4982:Vignette 4940:Gamebook 4908:Folklore 4815:Protasis 4694:Allegory 4639:Metaphor 4597:parallel 4592:universe 4572:Dystopia 4529:Suspense 4415:Dialogue 4403:Conflict 4311:Narrator 4283:Hamartia 4152:See also 4074:Hamingja 4028:Vetrnætr 4013:Dísablót 4008:Álfablót 3814:Ragnarök 3722:Valhalla 3712:Útgarðar 3657:Myrkviðr 3642:Járnviðr 3637:Iðavöllr 3557:Gálgviðr 3537:Fensalir 3446:Élivágar 3420:Náströnd 3410:Éljúðnir 3279:Níðhöggr 3227:Sleipnir 3197:Gullfaxi 3097:Fimafeng 3013:Auðumbla 2832:Billingr 2759:Þrívaldi 2744:Suttungr 2699:Járnsaxa 2669:Hrungnir 2599:Gillingr 2594:Geirröðr 2574:Fárbauti 2564:Býleistr 2529:Angrboða 2481:Gullveig 2193:Heimdall 2183:Dellingr 2052:(1911). 2031:, 2004) 1847:Archived 1804:Archived 1698:15 March 1692:Archived 1646:Archived 1616:Archived 1451:Archived 1412:Archived 1382:Archived 1328:Archived 1261:Archived 1237:Archived 1217:Archived 1178:See also 643:sagokung 633:, while 622:folksaga 611:(plural 603:(plural 595:(plural 585:(plural 573:(plural 534:(plural 164:Medieval 77:Dialects 52:a series 50:Part of 5384:Prequel 5340:Related 5326:Present 5219:Western 5175:Science 5148:Fantasy 5116:Romance 5066:Mystery 5051:Ergodic 5016:Fiction 4972:Parable 4967:Novella 4897:Fabliau 4868:Premise 4719:Imagery 4709:Diction 4587:country 4544:Setting 4524:Subplot 4346:Villain 4299:Byronic 4104:Numbers 4084:Kenning 3957:Worship 3913:Society 3823:Sources 3742:Vingólf 3737:Vígríðr 3707:Uppsala 3672:Okolnir 3592:Glitnir 3562:Gandvik 3517:Bifröst 3507:Andlang 3425:Niflhel 3371:Völundr 3319:Skírnir 3259:Móðguðr 3055:Dragons 3038:Byggvir 2867:Gandalf 2852:Dvalinn 2822:Andvari 2659:Hrímnir 2614:Gunnlöð 2584:Fornjót 2579:Fjölvar 2559:Bölþorn 2534:Aurboða 2524:Alvaldi 2476:Gersemi 2293:Ásynjur 2198:Hermóðr 2188:Forseti 2138:Deities 1880:Other: 1866:Sources 1499:)', in 1482:)', in 1190:Beowulf 1046:culling 987:Sverrir 982:söguöld 969:Denmark 942:History 554:old saw 540:cognate 471:bishops 436:Iceland 368:Swedish 345:Gutnish 332:Faroese 181:Grammar 5388:Sequel 5372:Retcon 5367:Reboot 5331:Future 5165:Horror 5153:Gothic 5138:Satire 5056:Erotic 4923:Legend 4825:Climax 4699:Bathos 4606:Utopia 4494:Reveal 4393:Cliché 4371:Action 4365:Ab ovo 4304:Tragic 3947:Horses 3786:Events 3767:Ýdalir 3746:Wells 3682:Sindri 3667:Nóatún 3532:Brimir 3497:Asgard 3456:Ífingr 3439:Rivers 3349:Vættir 3207:Gyllir 3117:Fylgja 3107:Fenrir 3060:Draugs 2996:Others 2919:Heroes 2902:Brokkr 2857:Fáfnir 2847:Dúrnir 2842:Durinn 2817:Alvíss 2809:Dwarfs 2794:Vörnir 2704:Laufey 2569:Eggþér 2554:Bestla 2511:Jötnar 2496:Njörðr 2491:Kvasir 2454:Freyja 2406:Snotra 2366:Njörun 2321:Gefjon 2278:Víðarr 2218:Lóðurr 2147:jötnar 2143:dwarfs 2035:  2007:  1993:  1979:  1965:  1948:  1934:  1920:  1906:  1892:  1776:  1746:  1738:  1594:  1443:  1170:, and 973:Sweden 926:) and 903:riddle 772:þættir 653:Genres 625:means 605:sagaer 481:; and 467:saints 455:Viking 327:Danish 210:Poetry 38:, and 5502:Sagas 5395:Genre 5362:Canon 5313:Tense 5231:Novel 5214:Urban 5126:Prose 5111:Rogue 5036:Crime 5031:Comic 4992:Genre 4962:Novel 4913:Fable 4891:Drama 4856:films 4686:Style 4654:Motif 4644:Moral 4629:Irony 4621:Theme 4534:Trope 4139:Völva 4129:Skald 4124:Seiðr 4119:Runes 4114:Rings 4079:Heiti 4064:Galdr 4059:Félag 4049:Death 4042:Other 3952:Hörgr 3867:Sagas 3607:Heiðr 3572:Gimlé 3512:Barri 3451:Gjöll 3376:Vörðr 3339:Troll 3324:Sköll 3284:Norns 3192:Grani 3187:Glenr 3177:Glaðr 3147:Hjúki 3122:Garmr 3075:Elves 3070:Eldir 3043:Dísir 3023:Beyla 2957:Hi–Hy 2907:Eitri 2892:Regin 2837:Dáinn 2789:Vosud 2769:Þrymr 2749:Þjazi 2739:Surtr 2709:Leikn 2679:Hymir 2674:Hrymr 2664:Hroðr 2639:Hljod 2619:Gymir 2609:Gríðr 2589:Gangr 2539:Baugi 2486:Hnoss 2469:Yngvi 2459:Freyr 2446:Vanir 2426:Þrúðr 2401:Skaði 2396:Sjöfn 2391:Sigyn 2376:Rindr 2361:Nanna 2341:Iðunn 2326:Gerðr 2316:Fulla 2311:Frigg 2238:Mímir 2233:Meili 2208:Hœnir 2178:Bragi 2173:Baldr 1957:(ed) 1744:S2CID 995:Hólar 613:sagor 597:soger 587:søgur 576:sögur 536:sǫgur 530:word 494:Latin 459:feuds 432:prose 428:Sagas 355:Norn 223:Sagas 5400:List 5321:Past 5180:Hard 5133:Saga 5041:Docu 4997:List 4928:Myth 4883:Form 4771:Tone 4744:Hook 4729:Mood 4724:Mode 4582:city 4469:Pace 4356:Plot 4294:Anti 4289:Hero 4272:Foil 4069:Goði 4054:Ergi 4033:Yule 3932:Blót 3840:Edda 3302:Nótt 3297:Elli 3292:Dagr 3239:Jörð 3182:Glær 3172:Gísl 3033:Búri 3028:Borr 3008:Auðr 2952:H–He 2877:Litr 2799:Ymir 2754:Þökk 2719:Logi 2714:Litr 2544:Beli 2519:Ægir 2381:Sága 2356:Lofn 2351:Irpa 2346:Ilmr 2336:Hlín 2268:Ullr 2258:Thor 2248:Odin 2228:Máni 2223:Loki 2203:Höðr 2160:Æsir 2118:and 2033:ISBN 2005:ISBN 1991:ISBN 1977:ISBN 1963:ISBN 1946:ISBN 1932:ISBN 1918:ISBN 1904:ISBN 1890:ISBN 1855:2022 1812:2020 1774:ISBN 1736:ISSN 1700:2017 1654:2022 1624:2015 1592:ISBN 1575:2013 1459:2022 1441:ISBN 1420:2015 1390:2015 1336:2022 1022:saga 971:and 853:and 757:and 713:The 609:saga 601:saga 592:soge 582:søga 570:saga 562:saga 558:Sage 546:and 532:saga 521:saga 477:and 469:and 430:are 248:Edda 4789:Act 4094:Nīþ 3937:Hof 3405:Hel 3137:Hel 2972:T–Y 2967:P–S 2962:I–O 2947:F–G 2942:D–E 2937:B–C 2887:Ótr 2689:Iði 2436:Vör 2431:Vár 2416:Syn 2411:Sól 2386:Sif 2371:Rán 2331:Gná 2306:Eir 2301:Bil 2263:Týr 2253:Óðr 1728:doi 1514:ARV 1283:'s 1267:", 1243:", 1090:'s 1005:). 905:in 806:or 774:or 629:or 549:saw 544:say 140:Use 5493:: 5386:/ 3987:Vé 2694:Ím 2145:, 2140:, 2058:. 1841:. 1788:^ 1756:^ 1742:. 1734:. 1724:28 1722:. 1708:^ 1690:. 1675:^ 1644:. 1640:. 1614:. 1467:^ 1449:. 1410:. 1380:. 1376:. 1344:^ 1326:. 1322:. 1174:. 1166:, 1162:, 1158:, 1154:, 1150:, 1146:, 1142:, 1138:, 1134:, 1130:, 1126:, 1122:, 1118:, 1114:, 1110:, 1106:, 1094:. 911:. 863:. 763:. 751:, 705:. 504:. 465:; 442:. 54:on 34:, 4999:) 4995:( 4827:/ 4813:/ 4203:e 4196:t 4189:v 2932:A 2149:, 2108:e 2101:t 2094:v 1857:. 1814:. 1782:. 1750:. 1730:: 1702:. 1656:. 1626:. 1608:" 1577:. 1559:" 1525:' 1461:. 1422:. 1404:" 1392:. 1338:. 1256:" 1232:" 1223:. 1001:( 930:( 922:( 883:( 843:( 802:( 770:( 717:( 687:( 416:e 409:t 402:v 266:) 253:( 241:) 228:( 218:) 214:( 166:) 157:( 120:) 111:( 102:) 87:( 42:. 20:)

Index

Viking sagas
Saga (disambiguation)
Sagas (disambiguation)
Viking Saga (disambiguation)
a series
Old Norse
Old West Norse
Old Icelandic
Old Norwegian
Greenlandic Norse
Old East Norse
Old Danish
Old Swedish
Old Gutnish
Orthography
Runic alphabet
Younger Futhark
Medieval
Latin alphabet
Grammar
Phonology
Morphology
Poetry
alliterative verse
Sagas
of Icelanders
Legendary
Edda
Poetic Edda
Prose Edda

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