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The leaves and flowers are edible, and can be eaten in salads, as potherbs, or brewed as tea. These plant parts are high in vitamins A and C. However, the rhizomes, fruit, and seeds are poisonous to humans and can cause upset stomach, intestinal problems, respiratory and circulatory depression.
355: in) long, with five purple petals. The lower three petals have white bases and purple veining. The two side petals are white-bearded near the throat. The upper two petals may have hooked spurs at their tips. It is a
723:. State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 2 January 2017. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
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of the roots and leaves to sore and swollen joints, give an infusion of the leaves and roots to asthmatic children, and use the plant to dye their arrows blue. The
1051:
759:
Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and
Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60
337:
system. The leaves are spade- or heart-shaped, sometimes with broadly wavy margins. They are generally 0.5 to 4 centimeters long. The single-flowered
780:
Baker, Marc A., 1981, The
Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62
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59:
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Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the
Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123
207:
771:
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of
Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40
741:
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the
Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74
732:
Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the
Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79
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74:
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261:. It is native to meadows and forests of western North America, Canada, and the northern contiguous United States.
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reaching about 7.5 cm (3 in) high. The nodding flower is a violet about 1.5 cm (
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uses it as a nectar source, and birds and mice use the seed as a food source.
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round-ovate blunt-tipped leaves, edges generally crenulate, on 5–70 mm (
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721:"Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015"
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329: in) stalks, and violet flowers are characteristic of the species.
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558:(rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 168.
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E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of
British Columbia
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708:"Center for Environmental Inquiry at Sonoma State University"
658:. Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley. 1993
526:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
458:
chew the roots and leaves while giving birth, and the
454:
of smashed flowers to the chest or side for pain, the
333:
This is a hairy, compact plant growing from a small
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Plants used in traditional Native
American medicine
835:
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373:It has also been observed in Southern Ontario in
462:apply a poultice of chewed leaves to sore eyes.
8:
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446:of the entire plant for stomach pain, the
50:
31:
20:
555:Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary
389:Viola adunca is the larval host plant of
366:; a white-petaled form has been noted in
656:Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange
629:. Burke Museum, University of Washington
506:
504:
401:Conservation status in the United States
471:
405:The species is listed as endangered in
393:. Bees and other insects pollinate it.
524:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
7:
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818:University of California, Berkeley
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1119:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:265687-2
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587:Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014).
341:grows at the end of a very thin
73:
362:There are several varieties of
627:WTU Herbarium Image Collection
1:
479:Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015).
277:. The compact arrangement of
617:Giblin, David, ed. (2015).
552:Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) .
426:Native American ethnobotany
1239:
1208:Flora of the United States
1188:NatureServe secure species
245:known by the common names
16:Species of flowering plant
377:on the sand plain and in
359:blooming in late spring.
221:
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70:Scientific classification
68:
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39:
30:
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680:"USDA Plants Database"
368:Yosemite National Park
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804:at Wikimedia Commons
1198:Flora of California
391:Myrtle's silverspot
375:tall grass prairies
42:Conservation status
379:black oak savannas
331:
259:western dog violet
224:Viola bellidifolia
1203:Flora of Michigan
1175:
1174:
1065:Open Tree of Life
829:Taxon identifiers
798:Media related to
489:Wildflower Search
251:early blue violet
247:hookedspur violet
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228:Viola cascadensis
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1093:tro-33800003
867:Viola adunca
837:Viola adunca
836:
809:Viola adunca
808:
801:Viola adunca
800:
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690:. Retrieved
686:
660:. Retrieved
655:
650:Viola adunca
649:
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631:. Retrieved
626:
621:Viola adunca
620:
612:
601:. Retrieved
596:
591:Viola adunca
590:
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528:. Retrieved
523:
518:Viola adunca
517:
492:. Retrieved
488:
483:Viola adunca
482:
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201:Viola adunca
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182:
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149:Malpighiales
132:
119:
106:
93:
25:Viola adunca
24:
18:
1039:NatureServe
977:iNaturalist
861:Wikispecies
411:Connecticut
273:Subspecies
265:Description
255:sand violet
113:Angiosperms
60:NatureServe
1182:Categories
1149:WisFlora:
1088:Plant List
888:Calflora:
662:2015-04-23
633:2015-04-23
603:2015-04-23
530:9 December
512:USDA, NRCS
494:2015-04-23
466:References
943:250100894
814:CalPhotos
444:decoction
434:apply an
432:Blackfoot
364:V. adunca
357:perennial
303: in)
177:Species:
159:Violaceae
83:Kingdom:
1139:VASCAN:
1132:33800003
1127:Tropicos
1044:2.152907
1008:10202990
995:265687-2
852:Q2705497
846:Wikidata
692:29 March
574:25708726
514:(n.d.).
452:poultice
450:apply a
436:infusion
343:peduncle
216:Synonyms
155:Family:
126:Eudicots
956:5331199
812:in the
448:Klallam
442:take a
409:and in
385:Ecology
350:⁄
335:rhizome
324:⁄
310:⁄
298:⁄
284:⁄
165:Genus:
145:Order:
87:Plantae
58: (
56:Secure
1101:PLANTS
1070:688387
1057:684371
969:430434
917:584591
881:121821
572:
562:
460:Tolowa
440:Dakelh
275:adunca
257:, and
243:violet
139:Rosids
1080:11814
1077:PFI:
1021:22032
1003:IRMNG
982:53328
930:VIOAN
904:5BGBG
683:(PDF)
456:Makah
170:Viola
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
1152:5386
1142:9474
1114:POWO
1106:VIAD
1052:NCBI
1031:2776
1016:ITIS
990:IPNI
964:GRIN
951:GBIF
925:EPPO
891:8281
876:BOLD
694:2022
570:OCLC
560:ISBN
532:2017
430:The
417:Uses
1160:WFO
938:FNA
912:EoL
899:CoL
208:Sm.
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62:)
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