Violette Szabo - Knowledge (XXG)

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scene, Szabo crossed the road to join Dufour, and they leapt a gate, before running across a field towards a small stream. They then ran up a hill towards some trees, when Szabo fell and severely twisted an ankle. She refused Dufour's offer of help, urging him to flee, and, dragging herself to the edge of the cornfield, she struggled to an apple tree. Standing behind the tree, she then provided Dufour with covering fire, allowing him to make his escape to hide in a friend's barn. Szabo fought the Germans for thirty minutes, killing a corporal, possibly more, and wounding some others. Eventually, she ran out of ammunition and was captured by two men who dragged her up the hill to a bridge over a railway. She was hot, dishevelled, and in pain. Szabo was questioned by a young officer whose armoured car had drawn up nearby. She was then taken away. Szabo's captors were most likely from the 1st Battalion of 3rd SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment Deutschland (

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German security authorities but each time managed to get away. Eventually, however, with other members of her group, she was surrounded by the Gestapo in a house in the south-west of France. Resistance appeared hopeless but Madame Szabo, seizing a Sten-gun and as much ammunition as she could carry, barricaded herself in part of the house and, exchanging shot for shot with the enemy, killed or wounded several of them. By constant movement, she avoided being cornered and fought until she dropped exhausted. She was arrested and had to undergo solitary confinement. She was then continuously and atrociously tortured but never by word or deed gave away any of her acquaintances or told the enemy anything of any value. She was ultimately executed. Madame Szabo gave a magnificent example of courage and steadfastness.

583:, where Liewer could not go as a wanted man (both he and Maloubier were on wanted posters with their codenames), and to Dieppe to gather intelligence and carry out reconnaissance. It soon became clear that the circuit, which originally involved over 120 members (80 in Rouen and 40 on the coast) had been exposed beyond repair. Szabo returned to Paris to brief Liewer, and in the two days, before they were due to depart, she bought a dress for Tania, three frocks and a yellow sweater for herself, and perfume for her mother and herself. While the destruction of Salesman was a heavy blow to SOE, her reports on the local factories producing war materials for the Germans were important in establishing Allied bombing targets. 606:, of the RAF, on 30 April 1944, landing after a stressful flight in which the plane was hit by anti-aircraft fire over Chateaudun, and Szabo was thrown about the body of the plane. Large had turned off the intercom when attacked and did not turn it back on for the rest of the flight, so when the plane landed heavily due to a burst tyre, and he went to get Szabo out, she (thinking they had been shot down and not having seen her blond pilot) let Large have a volley of abuse in French, mistaking him for a German. When she realised what had really happened, he was rewarded with a kiss. Philippe Liewer returned at the same time in another Lysander. On 24 May 1944 Szabo was promoted to 283: 1107: 33: 587: 857:, where they were forced into harsh physical labour felling trees, clearing rock-hard icy ground for the construction of an airfield and digging a trench for a narrow-gauge railway. Szabo volunteered for tree-felling in the forest, where the trees gave some shelter from the bitter winds (Lilian and Denise were too ill to join her). In the bitter East Prussian winter of 1944, each day the women were forced to stand for 1291:

others who were involved in the killings, established the official version of execution by shooting in the back of the neck. In 2015, Helm cast doubt on Schwarzhuber's account, suggesting he was trying to give a veneer of dignity to the killings in his interrogations and pointing out that several French agents transported to Ravensbrück along with the three SOE agents, had been executed by hanging shortly before.

849:. Here they protested and refused to make munitions, and were forced to work in the vegetable cellar outside the camp walls and then to dig potatoes. The British women also made contact with French prisoners at a nearby POW camp who, being better fed, provided them with extra rations and offered to send messages to London with a transmitter they had built (there is no evidence they were successful). 861:(roll-call) in the early morning for up to five hours before being sent to work, many of them freezing to death. Szabo was dressed only in the summer clothes she had been wearing when sent to Germany and the women received barely any food and slept in frozen barracks without blankets. According to Christine Le Scornet, a seventeen-year-old French girl whom Szabo befriended, and 742:, the intelligence officer for the French section of SOE, notes that there was a great deal of confusion about what happened to Szabo—the story was revised four times—and states that the Sten gun incident "was probably a fabrication". Szabo's most recent biographer, Susan Ottaway, includes the battle in her book, as does Tania Szabo in hers, and Philip Vickers in his book on 1033: 923: 826:, where hygiene facilities were nonexistent, and food was only indigestible bread crusts. After about ten days, Szabo and most of the other women were sent on to Ravensbrück concentration camp for women where 50,000 (out of a total population of 130,000) were to die during the war. They reached Ravensbrück in late August 1944. 1056:, that Violette's English cousins formerly owned, and that Violette would visit before the war to enjoy walks in the surrounding hills. She also stayed at the farm while she was recuperating from her ankle injury and between her two missions to France. Tania Szabo attended the museum's opening in 2000, as did 767:, the SS Security Service) in Limoges, where she was interrogated for four days by SS-Sturmbannführer Kowatch. She gave her name as "Vicky Taylor", the name she had intended to use if she needed to return to England via Spain. (Her reason for choosing this name is unknown, but it may have been a play on 255:. There she was reportedly popular and regarded as exotic, owing to her ability to speak another language. Her home life was loving, though she often clashed with her strict father and once ran away to France after an argument. The family, except her monolingual father, would often converse in French. 578:

Under the code name "Louise", which happened to be her nickname (she was also nicknamed "La P'tite Anglaise", as she stood only 5'3" tall), she and SOE colleague Philippe Liewer (under the name "Major Charles Staunton"), organiser of the Salesman circuit, tried to assess the damage made by the German

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Madame Szabo volunteered to undertake a particularly dangerous mission in France. She was parachuted into France in April 1944, and undertook the task with enthusiasm. In her execution of the delicate researches entailed she showed great presence of mind and astuteness. She was twice arrested by the

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as wireless operator (W/O), and Bob Maloubier (alias Robert 'Bob' Mortier; codenames Clothaire and Paco), Szabo and Liewer's friend and comrade of SOE who was to act as military instructor to the local Maquis, and who had worked as weapons instructor and explosives officer for Liewer on the original

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driven by a young maquis section leader, Jacques Dufour ('Anastasie'). He had insisted upon using the car, even though the Germans had forbidden the use of cars by the French after D-Day, to drive her half of the 100 kilometres (62 mi) of her journey. At her request to Liewer, Szabo was armed

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According to Minney and Vickers, when they had stopped, Szabo and Dufour leapt from the car, he to the left and she to the right and the cover of a tree, as Dufour opened fire. A gun battle ensued during which a woman emerging from a barn was killed by the Germans. As armoured cars arrived at the

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gun and eight magazines of ammunition. She was dressed in a light suit, flat-heeled shoes and no stockings. On their way across the sunlit fields of south-central France they picked up Jean Bariaud, a 26-year-old Resistance friend of Dufour, who was meant to accompany them on the return journey.

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Mary Lindell, an escape line organiser also imprisoned in Ravensbrück, believed the three women agents were hanged, as was the usual practice in the camp and their clothes distributed to other prisoners. Vera Atkins's detailed investigations, including interrogations of Suhren, Schwatzhuber and

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Forty-one female Section F SOE agents served in France, some for more than two years, most for only a few months. Twenty-six of them survived World War II. Twelve were executed including Szabo, one was killed when her ship was sunk, two died of disease while imprisoned, and one died of natural

650:, and Tania Szabo's second birthday). Szabo was part of a four-person team sent to operate in the department of Haute Vienne with the circuit codename 'Salesman II', led by her SOE commander Philippe Liewer (now codenamed Hamlet), whose rolled-up Rouen circuit had been 'Salesman', and including 505:

remembered her as "A dark-haired slip of mischief....She had a Cockney accent which added to her impishness". Assessments by her trainers were mixed: "she lacks ruse, stability and the finesse which is required and...she is too easily influenced... she set an example to the whole party by her

807:, an Allied air raid caused the guards to temporarily abandon the train, allowing Szabo and Bloch to get water from a lavatory to the caged male prisoners in the next carriage, the two women both providing inspiration and a morale boost to the suffering men. When the train reached 890:, from the deposition of Schwarzhuber recorded by Vera Atkins 13 March 1946. Denise Bloch and Lilian Rolfe – neither of whom could walk and were carried on stretchers – were shot at the same time, by order of the highest Nazi authorities; the bodies were disposed of in the camp 422:

aircraft factory, where her father was stationed. During this period, she was informed of her husband's death in action. Étienne had died on 24 October 1942 from chest wounds received while leading his men in a diversionary attack on Qaret el Himeimat, at the beginning of the

811:, the prisoners were taken by lorries to a large barn for two nights, where Szabo, still tied at the ankle to Bloch, who was in good spirits, was able to wash some of her clothes in a rudimentary fashion and to speak about her experiences to her SOE colleague Harry Peulevé. 852:

After the Torgau incident, Szabo, Bloch, Rolfe and Lake were part of a group of around 250 prisoners sent back to Ravensbrück on 6 October, where Szabo was put to work in the fabric store. In late October 1944, the protest women were transferred to a punishment camp at

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After two aborted attempts, due to stormy weather on the night of 4/5 June and the abandonment of the intended landing ground on 5/6 June by the Resistance reception committee because of German patrols, Szabo and three colleagues were dropped by parachute from a

244:, northern France. The family was reunited in South London when Violette was 11 years old. She was an active and lively girl, enjoying gymnastics, long-distance bicycling and ice-skating with four brothers and several male cousins. Bushell was regarded as a 686:, led by Jacques Poirier (SOE), head of the renamed Digger circuit, who had taken over from Harry Peulevé of the Author circuit, upon the latter's arrest. However, due to poor intelligence gathering by the local Resistance, Liewer was unaware that the 869:, where they were possibly brutally assaulted and then to the punishment bunker, where they were kept in solitary confinement. The women were already in poor physical condition—Rolfe could barely walk—and the abuse finally weakened Szabo's morale. 443:, as her surviving official file is thin, but her fluency in French and her previous service in the ATS probably brought her to the attention of SOE. She would have been invited to an interview regarding war work with E. Potter, the alias of 462:

in the Scottish Highlands in September and October. Szabo received intensive instruction in fieldcraft, night and daylight navigation, weapons and demolition. Again her reports were mixed, but she passed the course and moved on to Group B.

726:, a battalion commander of the 2nd SS Panzer Division, who had been captured by the local resistance. When Dufour slowed the car, the unarmed Bariaud was able to escape and later warn the Salesman team of the arrest of his two companions. 865:, the co-leader of the Torgau revolt, she maintained her morale, was optimistic about liberation and continued to plan to escape. On 19 or 20 January 1945, the three British agents were recalled to Ravensbrück and sent first to the 3177: 1204:

The 2018 ten minute short play, "The Life That I Have", developed for the 365 Days of Women by playwright Libby Mitchell, is inspired by Szabo's last moments and her time in Ravensbrück. It also includes the heroines

1080:, South London, painted in 2001: Stockwell War Memorial, Stockwell Road. Painted on the exterior of the entrance to a deep level shelter, this mural was executed by Brian Barnes (with the assistance of children from 877:

Szabo was killed in the execution alley at Ravensbrück, aged 23, on or before 5 February 1945. She was shot in the back of the head while kneeling down, by SS-Rottenführer Schult in the presence of camp commandant

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In R.J. Minney's biography, as above, she is described as putting up fierce resistance with her Sten gun, although German documents of the incident record no German injuries or casualties. A recent biography of

486:(it was this ankle that was to fail her later in France). She was able to take the parachuting course again and passed with a second class in February 1944. On 24 January 1944, Szabo made her will, witnessed by 212:

Violette Bushell was born on 26 June 1921 in Paris, France, of parents Charles George Bushell and Reine Blanche Leroy, as the second child of five and the only daughter. Szabo's father, son of a publican from

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parade in London in 1940, where Bushell had been sent by her mother, accompanied by her friend Winnie Wilson, to bring home a homesick French soldier for dinner. They married at Aldershot Register Office in

447:, a detective novelist and the F-Section recruiter. Szabo was given security clearance on 1 July 1943 and selected for training as a field agent on 10 July. She was commissioned as a section leader in the 3157: 567:. Her cover was that she was a commercial secretary named Corinne Reine Leroy (the latter two names being her mother's first and maiden names), who was born on 26 June 1921 (her real birthdate) in 3182: 799:'s Third US Army heading towards Paris, the decision was taken by the Germans to send their most valuable French prisoners to Germany. On 8 August 1944, Szabo, shackled to SOE wireless operator 3187: 659:

Salesman I circuit. For this mission, Szabo's cover was that she was a Mme Villeret, the young widow of an antiques dealer from Nantes. It is possible Szabo had twisted an ankle on landing.

3192: 2613: 3217: 2254: 1167:), at the Jersey War Tunnels, the Lieutenant Governor of Jersey said of her, "She's an inspiration to those young people today doing the same work with the risk of the same dangers". 3212: 2309: 3242: 3152: 534:) and radio operator Isidore Newman. This extra time meant Szabo could be sent for a refresher course in wireless operation in London, and it was then that Leo Marks, SOE's 3227: 3137: 1281:

practice (for all their individual and collective crimes, the men of these organisations regarded themselves as professionals with, however perverted, a sense of honour.)

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for their bravery in the field. On 28 January 1947 their four-year-old daughter Tania was presented with Violette's George Cross (gazetted on 17 December 1946) from King

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to the agents of F Section who gave their lives for the liberation of France, and also on the memorial to the SOE agents who flew from England but did not return at

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Young Brave and Beautiful: The Missions of Special Operations Executive Agent, Lieutenant Violette Szabó, George Cross, croix de guerre avec Etoile de bronze

3172: 2282: 603: 2560: 803:, was entrained with other male and female prisoners, including several SOE agents she knew, for transfer. At some point in the journey, probably outside 401:, which was to be her home until she left for her second mission to France in June 1944. On 8 June 1942, she gave birth to Tania Damaris Desiree Szabo at 3222: 1982: 3086: 522:, so SOE decided she would work as a courier for Liewer's Salesman circuit. However, the mission was postponed when F Section received a signal from 1084:). It features Stockwell's famous people such as Szabo and Vincent Van Gogh. It also commemorates the local people who gave their life in the war. 153: 3247: 3237: 886:, SS-Scharführer Zappe, SS-Rottenführer Walter Schenk (responsible for the crematorium), chief camp doctor Dr. Richard Trommer and dentist Dr. 394:, from December 1941 to February 1942. Szabo found within weeks that she was pregnant, so she left the ATS to return to London for the birth. 3197: 3006: 2979: 2945: 2805: 2775: 2745: 382:, Shropshire for specialised instruction as a predictor and then to the 481st Heavy (Mixed) Anti-Aircraft Battery. After further training in 374:

for initial training before being sent to one of the first mixed anti-aircraft batteries of the 7th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Training Regiment,

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While Bushell had temporarily lost the ability to speak English in Picardy, she quickly relearned the language while attending school in

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on behalf of her late mother. Violette and Étienne Szabo are believed to be the most decorated married couple of the Second World War.

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on 21 August 1940 after a 42-day romance; Violette was 19, Étienne was 31. They enjoyed a week's honeymoon before Étienne set off from

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After an assessment for fluency in French and a series of interviews, Szabo was sent from 7–27 August to STS 4, a training school at

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On 22 July 2015, Violette Szabo's medals and numerous associated items were sold at auction, realising £260,000 (£312,000 including

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Szabo's daughter, Tania Szabo, wrote a reconstruction of her two 1944 missions in France with flashbacks to her growing up. Author

201: 72: 427:; he had never seen his daughter. It was Étienne's death that made Szabo accept an offer to train as a field agent in the British 3065: 2331: 1726: 1671: 514:

Due to the ankle injury, Szabo's first deployment was delayed, but it was during her second course at Ringway that she first met

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near Manchester. On her first attempt, Szabo badly sprained her ankle and was sent home for recuperation, spending some time in

3202: 955: 674:, Philippe Liewer found the local maquis to be poorly led and less prepared for action than he expected. To better co-ordinate 2173: 976: 3207: 702:

At 9.30 am on 10 June, Szabo set off on her mission, not inconspicuously by bicycle as Liewer would have preferred, but in a

675: 200:. On her second mission into occupied France, Szabo was captured by the German army, interrogated, tortured, and deported to 971: 1277:

There is some evidence that Szabo was raped while in German custody but this would have been contrary to usual SS, SD, and

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and Major R. A. Bourne Paterson of SOE, naming her mother, Reine, as executrix and her daughter Tania as sole beneficiary.

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There is a memorial to Szabo in Le Clos, close to where the Salesman II team landed on 8 June 1944. She is named on the

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is inspired by Szabo's life as an allied spy during the Second World War, with the protagonist sharing her first name.

2586: 1026: 627: 526:'s (codename Jean) Author circuit warning that several members of the Rouen-Dieppe group had been arrested, including 424: 1255:

Vickers provides a useful illustrated narrative of Szabo's second mission and her capture by elements of 'Das Reich'.

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First at 12 Stockwell Park Walk (now demolished), then at 18 Burnley Road, Stockwell, where she is commemorated by a

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In June 2018, her daughter Tania was interviewed about her mother for the Pioneering Women Special airing on BBC's

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wrote the foreword and US-French radio-operator, Jean-Claude Guiet, who had accompanied her on the mission in the

1176: 834: 2286: 233:. After the war the couple lived in London, where Charles worked as a taxi-driver, car salesman and shopkeeper. 2564: 478:, and had further training in weaponry. The final stage in training was parachute jumping, which was taught at 1125: 984: 2762:

Foot, M.R.D. "Szabo, Violette Reine Elizabeth", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004: rev. edn 2008)

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Although she endured hard labour and malnutrition, she helped save the life of Belgian resistance courier

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Young Brave and Beautiful: The Missions of Special Operations Executive Agent Lieutenant Violette Szabo

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offers an annual award called the Violette Szabo GC Memorial Prize for pianists who accompany singers.

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wrote that Szabo was "adored by the men and women of SOE both for her courage and endless infectious

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Along with Szabo, Bloch, and Rolfe, one other member of the SOE was also executed at Ravensbrück:

248:, especially after being taught to shoot by her father; her shooting was reputedly very accurate. 2450: 2204: 1828: 655: 471: 303: 230: 1002: 720: 2491: 1928: 599: 3081: 3029: 3012: 3002: 2985: 2975: 2951: 2941: 2922: 2912: 2895: 2885: 2845: 2828: 2811: 2801: 2781: 2771: 2751: 2741: 1950: 1331: 1222: 1160: 1152: 1118: 1092: 1063: 804: 759: 667: 651: 595: 556: 538:, seeing her struggle with her original French nursery rhyme, gave Szabo his own composition, 214: 678:, he decided to send his courier, Szabo, as his liaison officer to the more active Maquis of 2664: 1676: 1181: 1168: 1057: 887: 862: 723: 635: 575:, which gave her reason to travel to the Restricted Zone of German occupation on the coast. 523: 455: 282: 263: 237: 193: 158: 139: 961:

Violette, Madame SZABO (deceased), Women's Transport Service (First Aid Nursing Yeomanry).

2638: 2614:"La commune a honoré la mémoire de Violette Szabo, en présence de sa fille, 71 ans après…" 2261: 1193: 1106: 991: 479: 375: 222: 32: 2768:

Unearthing Churchill's Secret Army: The Official List of SOE Casualties and Their Stories

2255:"The Important Posthumous Second World War George Cross Group awarded to Violette Szabó→" 1832: 3060:

Special Operations Executive Agents in France – Nigel Perrin's profile of Violette Szabo

2219: 833:, kept up the spirits of her fellow detainees, and, according to fellow inmate American 458:, and after a moderately favourable report, to Special Training School 24 of Group A at 1198: 1135:

There is also a memorial to Szabo at the entrance to the rugby field in the village of

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Their car raised the suspicions of German troops at an unexpected roadblock outside of

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Amazons to Fighter Pilots – A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women (Volume One)

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in North Africa. The following day, he took part in a valiant defence against the

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Szabo's wartime activities in German-occupied France were dramatised in the film

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The Women Who Lived for Danger: The Women Agents of SOE in the Second World War

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in Oxford Street. At the outbreak of the Second World War, she was working at

240:, Bushell and her youngest brother, Dickie, lived with their maternal aunt in 2989: 2955: 2926: 2849: 2842:

If This is a Woman; Inside Ravensbrück, Hitler's Concentration Camp for Women

2815: 2785: 2755: 2332:"Violette Szabó's George Cross goes on display at Imperial War Museum London" 3033: 2972:

Das Reich: 2nd SS Panzer Division 'Das Reich' – Drive to Normandy, June 1944

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Das Reich: The March of the 2nd SS Panzer Division Through France, June 1944

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Odette Sansom and Peter Churchill did not marry until 1947 (dissolved 1956)

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Division) whose commanding officer was the missing Sturmbannführer Kämpfe.

1662: 1155:, wrote the introduction. On 15 November 2007, at the launch of the book, 1032: 922: 3101: 979:

in 1973. As one of the SOE agents who died for the liberation of France,

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on the wall of the house where Violette Szabo grew up in Burnley Road,

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A Life in Secrets: The Story of Vera Atkins and the Lost Agents of SOE

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Upon arrival, she was sent to co-ordinate the activities of the local

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Szabo has no known grave. Her official point of commemoration is the

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being the Hungarian word for "tailor".) From there, she was moved to

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in sabotaging communication lines during German attempts to stem the

639: 451:, a civilian service often used by SOE as a cover for female agents. 431:(SOE) as her best way of fighting the enemy that killed her husband. 419: 310:. She met Étienne Szabo, a decorated non-commissioned officer in the 306:, but she soon returned to London to work in an armaments factory in 245: 351:

in 1941. He returned to the UK for a brief leave later in the year.

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there is a plaque commemorating Szabo's residence in that borough.

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aircraft and landed in German-occupied France, near the village of

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On the night of 5/6 April 1944, Szabo and Liewer were flown from

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Special Operations Executive personnel killed in World War II

2940:. distributed by Tania Szabó. St Helier: Violetteszabo.org. 958:

has been graciously pleased to award the GEORGE CROSS to: —

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Szabo sent her baby to childminders while she worked at the

1949:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. p. 174. 1411: 1264:

Tania Szabo suggests in her semi-biography of her mother,

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causes. Female agents ranged in age from 20 to 53 years.

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The Violette Szabo GC Museum is housed in the cottage in

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Both Violette and Étienne Szabo were awarded the French

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Jean-Claude Guiet (codenames Claude and Virgile) of the

898:(property store) as usually happened after executions. 518:(d. c. 1948). While in London she also socialised with 2161:

SOE in France, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office

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have a permanent exhibition room dedicated to Szabo.

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was awarded by the French government in 1947 and the

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Violette Szabo was transferred to the custody of the

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when he met her mother, a dressmaker originally from

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Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)

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Mission France: The True History of the Women of SOE

2561:"Memorial Plaque, Violette Szabo, Lambeth Town Hall" 2517:"Unveiling of the Violette Szabo mural at Stockwell" 258:

At the age of 14, Bushell went to work for a French

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British people executed in Nazi concentration camps

2639:"Heroines of WW2: the Special Operations Executive" 841:and Lake were among 1,000 French women sent to the 343:, in the successful Anglo-Free French campaigns in 145: 135: 121: 111: 103: 87: 79: 62: 42: 23: 3188:French people executed in Nazi concentration camps 3097:Violette Szabo Blue-plaque at English Heritage.org 3158:People who died in Ravensbrück concentration camp 1675:(rev. online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3104:built in English and French by Geoffroi Crunelle 3026:No drums, No Trumpets: The Story of Mary Lindell 466:Szabo was sent to the SOE "finishing school" at 439:It is unclear how or why Szabo was recruited by 302:and was sent to carry out strawberry picking in 3193:People executed by Nazi Germany by firing squad 1246:unveiled by the Greater London Council in 1981. 1184:and based on the 1956 book of the same name by 1025:Brookwood 1939–1945 Memorial to the Missing in 948: 3218:British Special Operations Executive personnel 3093:obituary of the man who trained Violette Szabo 3051:built by Tania Szabo, the daughter of Violette 1110:Violette Szabo SOE agent memorial in front of 1029:, Surrey. She is named on panel 26. column 3. 894:. Their clothes were not returned to the camp 370:(ATS) on 11 September 1941. She was posted to 3213:French Special Operations Executive personnel 2208:(Supplement). 13 December 1946. p. 6127. 1983:"Violette: A secret story of wartime bravery" 1663:"Szabo, Violette Reine Elizabeth (1921–1945)" 936:Szabo was the second woman to be awarded the 795:With the Allies driving deep into France and 754:express doubt about the story of the battle. 8: 2689:"Velvet Assassin (Preview): Suede Stealth". 1087:In 2008, a bronze bust of Szabo by sculptor 646:early on 8 June 1944 (immediately following 2974:. Battleground Europe. London: Leo Cooper. 2176:. Marionhebblethwaite.co.uk. Archived from 1825:"Violette Szabó 1921–1944: A Brief History" 951:St. James's Palace, S.W.1. 17 December 1946 386:, Gunner Szabo and her unit were posted to 236:During the early 1930s, as a result of the 3153:Spies who died in Nazi concentration camps 2800:(Pan Macmillan ed.). Michael Joseph. 1444: 1171:GC said, "She was the bravest of us all." 474:, uniform recognition, communications and 362:in central London, working throughout the 31: 20: 3228:Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany 3138:Female resistance members of World War II 2563:. Landmark.lambeth.gov.uk. Archived from 2519:. Powell-pressburger.org. 15 January 2001 690:was making its slow journey north to the 3243:Women's Land Army members (World War II) 2695:. No. 184. August 2008. p. 68. 1727:"Flight Lieutenant Bob Large – obituary" 1564: 921: 366:. Bored by the job, she enlisted in the 2240: 2099: 2039: 1915: 1903: 1891: 1853: 1811: 1799: 1787: 1775: 1763: 1751: 1713: 1701: 1672:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1667:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1636: 1612: 1600: 1576: 1552: 1540: 1528: 1516: 1504: 1492: 1480: 1468: 1456: 1432: 1398: 1386: 1374: 1362: 1350: 1313: 1235: 1076:There is a mural dedicated to Szabo in 983:Violette Szabo, FANY, is listed on the 676:Resistance activity against the Germans 506:cheerfulness and eagerness to please". 2770:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 2453:. Powell-pressburger.org. 24 June 2000 2451:"Opening of the Violette Szabo museum" 2123: 2087: 2075: 1969: 1648: 1624: 1588: 530:(codename Cicero; brother of novelist 3168:French recipients of the George Cross 2111: 972:croix de guerre avec étoile de bronze 783:for interrogation and torture by the 7: 2909:Violette Szabo: The Life That I Have 2147: 2135: 2063: 2051: 2027: 2015: 2003: 1414:. Violetteszabo.org. 24 October 1942 1321: 1319: 1317: 822:and a transit camp in the suburb of 204:in Germany, where she was executed. 188:February 1945) was a British-French 3001:. New York: Yale University Press. 2911:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books. 2766:Grehan, John; Mace, Martin (2012). 354:After her marriage, Szabo became a 3173:Recipients of the Resistance Medal 2740:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 2665:"Carve Her Name With Pride (1958)" 2539:"Secret agents' memorial unveiled" 2471: 2383:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 1882:Minneapolis: Zenith Press, p. 154. 1412:"Violette Szabo and Étienne Szabo" 1023:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 579:arrests, with Szabo travelling to 298:In early 1940, Bushell joined the 196:and a posthumous recipient of the 14: 3223:First Aid Nursing Yeomanry people 2285:. Dix Noonan Webb. Archived from 818:, the prisoners went by train to 2884:. Portway books. Bath: Chivers. 1060:, Leo Marks and members of SOE. 294:where the Szabos married in 1940 2612:France, Centre (20 June 2015). 2408:www.violette-szabo-museum.co.uk 1326:Pennington, Reina, ed. (2003). 694:battlefields through his area. 405:while Étienne was stationed at 2485:"RCM Prizes available in 2008" 2429:"The Violette Szabo GC Museum" 2404:"The Violette Szabo GC Museum" 2379:"Brookwood 1939–1945 Memorial" 286:The former Register Office in 274:, a Brixton department store. 202:Ravensbrück concentration camp 168:Violette Reine Elizabeth Szabo 1: 3248:Military personnel from Paris 3238:British expatriates in France 1869:, New York: Doubleday, p. 456 719:that had been set up to find 368:Auxiliary Territorial Service 314:of Hungarian descent, at the 266:and later worked at retailer 182: 94:Auxiliary Territorial Service 3198:French women in World War II 1935:. Retrieved 26 January 2015. 1689:UK public library membership 590:Westland Lysander MkIII (SD) 571:, and who was a resident of 435:Special Operations Executive 429:Special Operations Executive 221:driver in France during the 190:Special Operations Executive 126:Special Operations Executive 2844:. New York: Little, Brown. 2827:. New York: Little, Brown. 2591:bedsarchives.bedford.gov.uk 1027:Brookwood Military Cemetery 845:factory at the sub-camp of 594:She returned to England by 425:Second Battle of El Alamein 3264: 2359:. ITV News. 7 October 2015 1927:Michael Berenbaum (2015), 1266:Young, Brave and Beautiful 1139:, where she was captured. 638:onto a landing field near 449:First Aid Nursing Yeomanry 98:First Aid Nursing Yeomanry 3233:20th-century French women 3143:French Resistance members 3077:Carve Her Name with Pride 3066:Carve Her Name with Pride 2882:Carve Her Name With Pride 2220:"Who Was Violette Szabo?" 1945:Escott, Beryl E. (2010). 1906:, pp. 110, 115, 173. 1177:Carve Her Name with Pride 977:Médaille de la Résistance 698:Capture and interrogation 670:. When he arrived in the 327:to fight in the abortive 30: 2970:Vickers, Philip (2000). 1377:, pp. 13–14, 16, 9. 1126:SOE memorial at Valençay 775:in Paris and brought to 2907:Ottaway, Susan (2003). 2880:Minney, R. J. (1983) . 2736:Binney, Marcus (2002). 1933:Encyclopædia Britannica 1661:Foot, M. R. D. (2004). 192:(SOE) agent during the 3203:Executed British women 3071:British Film Institute 3049:Violette Szabó GC site 2283:"Auction report Lot 1" 1878:Hastings, Max (2013), 1681:10.1093/ref:odnb/38046 1445:Grehan & Mace 2012 1114: 1071:Royal College of Music 1064:The Jersey War Tunnels 1045: 967: 933: 835:Virginia d'Albert-Lake 688:2nd SS Panzer Division 591: 295: 16:French espionage agent 3208:Executed French women 3055:Violette Szabo Museum 3028:. London: A. Barker. 3024:Wynne, Barry (1961). 2997:Vigurs, Kate (2021). 2934:Szabó, Tania (2007). 2541:. BBC. 4 October 2009 2253:Erskine-Hill, David. 2222:. Imperial War Museum 2159:Foot, M.R.D. (1966), 1109: 1082:Stockwell Park School 1035: 1017:Museums and memorials 1013:from 7 October 2015. 1005:). The purchaser was 985:Valençay SOE Memorial 925: 589: 397:Szabo took a flat in 312:French Foreign Legion 285: 104:Years of service 37:Violette Szabo c.1944 3133:Female wartime spies 2840:Helm, Sarah (2015). 2823:Helm, Sarah (2005). 2567:on 27 September 2013 2497:on 27 September 2013 2174:"George Cross facts" 1985:. thefreelibrary.com 1865:Helm, Sarah (2005), 1191:The 2009 video game 1091:was unveiled at the 642:on the outskirts of 563:in the heart of the 541:The Life That I Have 356:switchboard operator 3128:People from Picardy 3102:Violette Szabo.site 2312:. Conservative Home 2308:Ashcroft, Michael. 2180:on 9 September 2018 2150:, pp. 525–528. 2138:, pp. 314–315. 2126:, pp. 243–244. 2102:, pp. 152–154. 2078:, pp. 241–244. 2066:, pp. 527–528. 2054:, pp. 522–524. 2042:, pp. 143–146. 2030:, pp. 523–524. 1972:, pp. 149–158. 1947:The Heroines of SOE 1894:, pp. 108–109. 1835:on 29 December 2008 1814:, pp. 103–105. 1802:, pp. 101–105. 1117:At the entrance to 1011:Imperial War Museum 884:Johann Schwarzhuber 470:, where she learnt 468:Beaulieu, Hampshire 360:General Post Office 217:, was serving as a 2866:Jersey War Tunnels 2205:The London Gazette 1829:Jersey War Tunnels 1766:, pp. 97–110. 1115: 1046: 934: 918:Awards and honours 656:United States Army 592: 544:as her code poem. 472:escape and evasion 403:St Mary's Hospital 304:Fareham, Hampshire 296: 3008:978-0-300-20857-3 2981:978-0-85052-699-8 2947:978-1-905095-20-9 2807:978-0-330-52913-6 2777:978-1-78337-664-3 2747:978-0-340-81839-8 2618:www.lamontagne.fr 2431:. Geograph.org.uk 1867:A Life in Secrets 1733:. 17 January 2016 1716:, pp. 92–93. 1704:, pp. 84–94. 1687:(Subscription or 1615:, pp. 80–81. 1603:, pp. 77–79. 1555:, pp. 81–82. 1543:, pp. 63–65. 1531:, pp. 61–63. 1519:, pp. 53–60. 1507:, pp. 47–49. 1495:, pp. 40–43. 1471:, pp. 31–35. 1459:, pp. 26–29. 1435:, pp. 22–25. 1389:, pp. 15–16. 1353:, pp. 10–14. 1223:Antiques Roadshow 1119:Lambeth Town Hall 1093:Albert Embankment 805:Chalons-sur-Marne 785:Sicherheitsdienst 760:Sicherheitsdienst 668:Normandy landings 652:Second Lieutenant 557:Westland Lysander 501:laughter", while 390:, Cheshire, near 300:Women's Land Army 215:Hampstead Norreys 181:; 26 June 1921 – 165: 164: 3255: 3037: 3020: 2993: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2930: 2903: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2853: 2836: 2819: 2789: 2759: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2496: 2490:. 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