1757:...I will briefly explain the manner in which riots are formed in this country, and the manner in which the people enter into them. These never take place until midnight, in the greatest silence. This is proof enough that the people, neither now, nor in past uprisings, have ever cared to rise, although, after being forcibly excited by the leaders, it seems that they willingly sustain the riot. Such is the nature of it, that to rejoice and revel in its own evil. It is enough to be novel and without reason, because they are there for manhood and whim, to follow everything that comes against reason, against piety and against gratitude (...) The riot is usually started by six or seven masked men, accompanied by thirty or forty armed black men, some of whom occupy the mouths of the streets, others are ordered to go knocking, and where they don't open soon, they break down the doors of the inhabitants, which, as most of them are on the ground floor, limited and of little resistance, any push convinces them. Running through the streets, and shouting -
304:
384:
20:
2461:
447:
99:
2433:
1604:
406:
accept this maneuver. On July 2, the rebels all went to where the Count was, in great strides, clamoring that the people had to be attended to. The Count, however, without foreseeing the course of events, sought to fortify himself in his residence, quartering his soldiers there, for he thought it prudent not to move from there. He had asked for reinforcements from
2447:
236:
1761:- the villagers, not suddenly experiencing any violence on the farm or in their lives, take steps to their detriment, like flocks of sheep following the very wolves that devour them. After having alarmed the people, who still don't know what this gathering is for, a masked man stands up and begins to say in a loud voice:
1679:
There are some controversies about how the execution of the leader Filipe dos Santos would have taken place. Clóvis Moura says that there is no consensus about how he was executed: whether by hanging and then quartered, or by tying him to four horses that, when incited, would have broken his body to
417:
Peixoto then, at one of the windows, announced to the people the charter granting all their pleas, and again the crowd burst into acclamation, making them return from whence they had left with the conviction that they were victorious. Imagining themselves free from the interference of the Crown, the
329:
And it was on St. Peter's Night, when the bonfires and the sparking of typical feast fires would help conceal their movements, that, around 11 o'clock at night, the conspirators, masked, descended from the woods of Ouro Podre, where
Pascoal Guimarães owned his farms and had previously gathered. They
285:
The inconvenience that the foundry houses would cause (the forced displacement to them, the expenses with bureaucracy, lodging, delays, etc.) was another difficulty that the people were not willing to tolerate. In this scenario, besides
Pitangui, other villages were agitated, and the Dragoons ended
1740:
One can still point out as a consequence of the uprising the emancipation of the
Capitancy of Minas do Ouro from that of São Paulo, and the fact that it has been registered that, in the movement, people were talking about an idea of a Republic, making the revolt being considered a precursor to the
1652:
Before the Vila could react against the arrest of the leaders, Assumar penetrated the city with his entire contingent, surprising them, on July 16. Filipe dos Santos was preaching the revolt in front of the doors of the church in
Cachoeira do Campo, when he was arrested; and in Sabará, Tomé Afonso
341:
The rebels then headed for the council's building, when Filipe dos Santos took command of the events through oratory. The seditious, in the building, elaborated a memorial to the governor, then still in his palace in Ribeirão do Carmo. The literate José Peixoto da Silva was responsible for writing
1684:
Many, in agreement with the legend, believe that they tied his arms and legs to four horses, and these tore him to pieces, staggering through the streets which would give the case the blush, at least, of classical cruelties. The truth, however, is perhaps more repulsive: they hanged him, and then
413:
The mob peacefully enters the Vila, standing in the square in front of the governor's palace where, at one of the windows, Assumar speaks to everyone in a conciliatory manner and, to the disappointment of the leaders, is acclaimed by the crowd. Again, José Peixoto is sent, who, in the courtroom,
316:
Martinho Vieira and, through him, demote the governor from his intentions, just as it had happened to his predecessor. Pascoal da Silva had other interests: besides his immense fortune, which included rich gold mines, two large farms, and more than two thousand slaves, he owed the Crown about 30
294:
There is not much information about Filipe dos Santos Freire. It is not known where he was born, but his friendship with the potentate
Pascoal da Silva Guimarães makes one deduce that he was also Portuguese, as Diogo de Vasconcelos recorded. Some traditions considered him as a "person of color",
405:
The Count then understood that the situation had reached the extreme limit and tried to gain time. He replied that he would make concessions, but made it conditional that the order should be redone. He also promised to convene a general council to sort out all the issues, but the rebels did not
1721:
Winner, the Count of
Assumar imposed all his wills: the Chambers were silent, the people were submissive while the governor's police watched over the entire district, with heavy legislation that subdued everyone. The foundry houses were then installed, starting to function as of 1725.
150:, which caused enormous damage to the royal treasury. One of the measures adopted, in 1719, was the foundry houses imposition forbidding the circulation of gold dust and demanding that all ore had to be smelted in one of those institutions to be created in Vila Rica,
1645:
As soon as the rebels returned to their homes, Assumar took care to organize his retaliation, gathering the
Dragoons and also the wealthy of the city, not fond of Vila Rica, to take up arms and provide slaves to reinforce the troops, which then reached 1,500 men.
1782:...when all is said and done, the revolt of 1720 was not genuinely popular. In reality, however, it was already gradually forming and affirming the consciousness of the new nationality, so that open resistance to the excesses of power emerged.
311:
The facts led the two potentates of Vila Rica, Manoel
Mosqueira Rosa and his sons; and Pascoal da Silva Guimarães to combine a violent action with the humcountble Filipe dos Santos (inspiring the people with his words) that would intimidate
277:
Sending the soldiers was a precaution against the exorbitant levy imposed, anticipating the Crown that there would be resistance. The Count of
Assumar had already aroused antipathy among the miners, and when the first soldiers arrived in
321:
of gold. Despite this, three days before the movement broke out, Pascoal's son - João da Silva - had written a letter to
Assumar, denouncing the conspiracy, but the only action taken then was to bring the fact to the attention of the
295:
although modern historiography is based on him being Portuguese. He was a poor person, however, to whom the excessive taxation of the fifth would not affect anything. He had the gift of oratory, being very dear to the people.
1653:
Pereira was captured, while calling for a reaction. Deceived, the supporters of the uprising still tried to retaliate, but with the arrival of Assumar's troops led by sergeant-major Manuel Gomes da Silva, nothing came of it.
1725:
The roads became even more limited for the gold flow, in order to avoid smuggling and tax evasion. A safe conduct system was created, and customs and toll stations were erected on the roads leading to the mining regions.
75:. Recent reviews show that it was part of a cycle of local contestations that sought to correct errors of the administration. It is also commonly referred to as Filipe dos Santos Revolt, after one of its leaders.
2903:
1917:
Aquino, and also Maior, refer to "Cavalry Dragoons". However, in Portugal, the Dragoons only became part of the cavalry when the military reform of 1742 took place - so we do not follow here what the sources
2888:
166:
would be paid. In this way, the so-called "fifthed gold" would be the only gold that could circulate freely, that is, that would be marked with the Crown's seal, and on which tribute would have been paid.
1656:
The Count then acted with vengeance and violence, ordering the houses of the rebels to be set on fire. That fire spread and destroyed the streets of the village that today bears the name Morro da Queimada
1765:
And if everyone doesn't say yes, the armed blacks either kill or wound some of those who are closest to them; until the others, for not falling into the same disgrace, agree with what the masks say.
247:
appointed Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos, Count of Assumar, as governor. His function included applying, in Minas Gerais, three dispositions that were contrary to local interests:
682:
110:
says, a "brave people, vain of their power" in the mountains, aware that the law would only be enforced if its inhabitants agreed. This is how, in the beginning of the 18th century, the
414:
again presents the demands in writing, to which are added the general pardon, in the name of the King, and other minor requests. To each item, the Count replied: "deferred as you ask."
1787:
Silva and Bastos consider it as of merely local amplitude, and which did not seek to contest Portuguese domination, but only against its abuses, without any emancipationist intention.
418:
demands and prerogatives imposed, they set off triumphantly on their return. The governor, however, had acted out of cunning, never intending to fulfill any of those commitments.
1663:
Filipe dos Santos, considered the main leader, was summarily tried. According to the sentence, the defendant was to be dragged through the public streets of the village and then
2868:
410:
and, when he learned that the mob had left Vila Rica, he immediately sent one of his lieutenants and the Chamber of Vila do Carmo to receive them at the entrance to the city.
1833:), a song in which she laments the Count of Assumar's destruction and persecution of Filipe dos Santos and the other rebels. There, her verses portray a cruel executioner - "
695:
170:
The previous prevailing situation, which the municipal councils accepted, was that of a specific and fixed amount to be paid at the end of each year. The then governor Dom
2933:
1936:
Pedro Calmon gives the place its name as Morro da Queimada. As will be seen below about the Archelogical Park, created in 2005, it followed the name used by the former.
1695:
Other authors, like Carlos Mota, only state that he was hanged and quartered, as was Souto Maior. Pedro Calmon gives the following description, without being specific:
2494:
1908:
While Aquino informs that it was a law of 1718, Souto Maior accurately informs that the institution of the fifth resulted from the Royal Charter of February 11, 1719.
673:
1866:
The project aims to create an ecomuseum, consisting of an iconographic collection, preservation of the historical site and also historical research, among others.
303:
139:" (as one governor recorded in 1737). The government was distant and lacked strength in these places, unlike the inhabitants - supportive, organized and armed.
1875:
1733:(1736), the Curvelo Conspiracy (1775). And, even with the increased surveillance, new forms of smuggling evaded inspection, increasing the exchange with the
1518:
78:
Among its direct causes were the creation of the foundry houses, the prohibition of the circulation of gold dust and the monopoly of the main commodities by
1649:
The Count ordered the Dragoons to arrest the heads of the movement: Pascoal da Silva, Manuel Mosqueira da Rosa, Sebastião da Veiga Cabral and some friars.
1632:
1554:
1544:
653:
638:
663:
513:
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They would not lay down their arms until they had met all the pleas. Filipe dos Santos sends José Peixoto himself as his emissary to the governor.
2938:
2893:
1713:
Mota, however, adds that after the quartering, he had his severed head hung from a pole, and the other parts of his body exposed along the roads.
2943:
2923:
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2224:
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1855:
One of the key places of the uprising, Morro da Queimada, was transformed into the Archaeological Park of Morro da Queimada, approved by the
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depicting the mythical version of the execution. In the background, the painter shows the smoke from the burning of the houses of the rebels
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707:
1439:
591:
1549:
849:
643:
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up using violent repression. Nevertheless, the crisis had spread: the flame that would erupt in the Filipe dos Santos Revolt was lit.
2913:
1927:
The procedural costs of the so-called mining regions were, ordinarily, much higher than those where there was no extractive activity.
2812:
1504:
1434:
1409:
1204:
812:
1845:
are rough, cruel, and it comes from that day in July 1720, when the Conde de Assumar's soldiers set fire to the city of Ouro Podre.
2680:
1539:
1184:
1149:
1129:
1107:
266:
of April 25, 1720, which extinguished some functions, increased the governor's power, and also brought to Minas a contingent of
259:, who, there, lived dissolutely, practicing from small crimes to celibacy violation, besides being involved in gold trafficking;
2480:
1625:
1177:
1030:
857:
804:
752:
466:
668:
2898:
1680:
pieces. However, Diogo de Vasconcelos, who is used as the main source by Clóvis Moura, treated the latter version as a myth:
1479:
1414:
1112:
1087:
954:
789:
772:
564:
19:
2989:
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2710:
2515:
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1584:
1579:
1559:
1529:
1514:
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747:
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Pascoal da Silva Guimarães from Vila Rica), were also at stake with the changes intended by the Crown. The leader of the
1885:
1856:
1419:
1354:
1082:
1077:
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473:
383:
235:
879:
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1214:
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864:
717:
430:
179:
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990:
819:
606:
2994:
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942:
929:
208:. This, however, still did not meet the wishes of the Crown. This fixed rate of payment was given the name of "
171:
1890:
1830:
1742:
1734:
658:
83:
72:
2817:
2527:
1589:
1379:
119:
959:
2756:
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which was where Pascoal da Silva's residence was located. Other streets were also consumed by the fire.
1399:
983:
909:
554:
535:
508:
392:
279:
60:
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2225:"Acórdão em Junta com a sentença condenando à morte Filipe dos Santos. Vila Rica, 18 de julho de 1720"
1699:
Arrested, Filipe dos Santos was hanged, on July 15, 1720. On the scaffold, he uttered this sentence: "
542:
2660:
2537:
2414:
Silva, Francisco de Assis; Bastos, Pedro Ivo de Assis (1976). "Os Principais Movimentos Nativistas".
1449:
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28:
1955:
964:
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1822:
1474:
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1359:
1344:
1334:
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596:
520:
395:), taking the document of the seditionists to the Count. He goes at a gallop, shouting all the way:
111:
52:
40:
273:
Imposition of compliance with the creation the foundry houses, and which had already caused riots.
107:
106:
The Minas region (now Minas Gerais state) had already experienced great upheavals that showed, as
2766:
2761:
2705:
2639:
2568:
2378:
Maior, A. Souto (1968). "X - O sentimento nativista: a revolta de Vila Rica. Filipe dos Santos".
1444:
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1194:
1035:
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702:
601:
581:
244:
1384:
126:, and which resulted in the separation of the Captaincy of São Paulo and Minas de Ouro in 1709.
547:
2832:
2695:
2634:
2573:
2404:
2361:
1209:
1159:
978:
919:
889:
559:
488:
438:
1729:
Despite this, discontent remained latent. Other revolts occurred in Brejo do Salgado (1736),
2837:
2792:
2598:
2552:
2547:
2520:
1339:
765:
87:
282:, Domingos Rodrigues do Prado was leading, in Pitangui, an agitation against the governor.
2741:
2700:
2466:
1319:
904:
869:
574:
501:
64:
2665:
2629:
2593:
2452:
1509:
1040:
1020:
1010:
899:
839:
829:
799:
784:
742:
648:
407:
220:
68:
2392:
Mota, Carlos Guilherme. "Na Rota das Inconfidências: A Revolta de Filipe dos Santos".
82:(those born in Portugal). The revolt was met with an energetic reaction from governor
2958:
2787:
2542:
2438:
1730:
1664:
1608:
1219:
1164:
894:
263:
227:
himself, Manuel Nunes Viana, incited the people against the idea of the royal fifth.
216:
Revolt, and left the region in a constant state of discontent and imminent upheaval.
2179:
2807:
2797:
2675:
2387:
Discurso Histórico e Político sobre a Sublevação que nas Minas Houve no Ano de 1720
2266:
Discurso Histórico e Político sobre a Sublevação que nas Minas Houve no Ano de 1720
1258:
973:
874:
611:
586:
455:
195:
175:
24:
2351:
Vassalos Rebeldes: Violência Coletiva Nas Minas Na Primeira Metade Do Século XVIII
2294:
2059:
Vassalos Rebeldes: Violência Coletiva Nas Minas Na Primeira Metade Do Século XVIII
924:
2822:
2583:
2356:
Aquino, Rubim Santos Leão de (1999). "Rebeliões, guerras internas e repressão".
914:
884:
737:
628:
478:
163:
143:
446:
2428:
1671:
and Ribeirão. In addition, his property was to be confiscated from the Crown.
1278:
1070:
1063:
1000:
56:
2622:
2588:
2578:
1050:
834:
199:
147:
123:
98:
90:, that culminated with the execution of its main leader, Filipe dos Santos.
151:
131:
2617:
2472:
1268:
1015:
844:
483:
391:
José Peixoto goes to Ribeirão do Carmo (the original name of the city of
213:
202:
occurred, which resulted in the councils paying the fixed payment of 30
1668:
357:
267:
252:
146:
remained stagnant. In Portugal, an explanation was demanded; it lay in
219:
The interests of the powerful (among whom was the wealthiest of them,
361:
353:
256:
204:
2389:(in Portuguese). Belo Horizonte: Fundação João Pinheiro. pp. 84–85.
1667:, with his parts exhibited in Cachoeira do Campo, São Bartolomeu,
382:
302:
183:
159:
97:
67:. It is traditionally considered a nativist movement by Brazilian
2358:
Sociedade Brasileira: Uma História Através dos Movimentos Sociais
2145:
Sociedade Brasileira: Uma História Através dos Movimentos Sociais
2425:(in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional. pp. 201–202.
365:
191:
2476:
2418:(in Portuguese) (illustrated ed.). São Paulo: Editora Moderna.
2360:(in Portuguese). Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). São Paulo: Editora Record.
142:
The production of the mines grew, while the taxes sent to the
2382:(in Portuguese) (6th ed.). São Paulo: Cia. Editora Nacional.
2375:(in Portuguese) (3rd ed.). São Paulo: Cia. Editora Nacional.
2371:
Calmon, Pedro (1939). "As Agitações Nativistas: Nas Minas".
1835:
They say the Count laughed! But the ones who laugh, also cry
1816:
Cecília Meireles, Romance V - ou da Destruição do Ouro Podre
330:
then took the streets of Vila Rica towards the house of the
198:, on the condition that the gold could circulate freely. An
194:). The councils proposed that they would pay the tax at the
1770:
Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos (1688-1756)
251:
Announcement of the installation, in the captaincy, of a
2229:
Instituto de História da Universidade Federal Fluminense
1685:
tied him to a horse's tail, and he was torn to pieces.
63:
of Minas de Ouro and Campos Gerais dos Cataguases, in
55:. It took place between June 28 and July 19, 1720, in
2856:
2775:
2724:
2648:
2607:
2561:
2508:
1837:", for he abused power, and betrayed his own word.
2399:Moura, Clóvis (2004). "entry: Filipe dos Santos".
1753:After the events, the Count of Assumar recorded:
2416:História do Brasil: Colônia, Império e República
2353:(in Portuguese). Belo Horizonte: Editora C/Arte.
2281:História do Brasil: Colônia, Império e República
1986:História do Brasil: Colônia, Império e República
1794:
1755:
1697:
1682:
342:it, and it contained the claims of the miners:
84:Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos
2488:
1763:My people, do you want us to do this or that?
1626:
71:, and one of the precursors of the so-called
8:
1876:List of rebellions and revolutions in Brazil
1701:I swore to die for freedom, I keep my word.
2495:
2481:
2473:
2323:"Parque Arqueológico do Morro da Queimada"
1861:Official Gazette of the Federal Government
1843:also consigned about the same place that "
1633:
1619:
664:Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil
425:
352:Abolition of the commercial monopolies of
338:" - but Martinho Vieira had already fled.
16:Rebellion in colonial Minas Gerais, Brazil
1881:List of historical acts of tax resistance
2401:Dicionário da Escravidão Negra no Brasil
2163:Dicionário da Escravidão Negra no Brasil
234:
18:
2934:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
2904:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2022)
1947:
1901:
437:
1703:". The rebel's corpse was butchered...
2394:História do Brasil: Uma Interpretação
2349:Anastasia, Carla Maria Junho (1998).
2317:
2315:
2211:História do Brasil: Uma Interpretação
2204:
2202:
2200:
2174:
2172:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
7:
2156:
2154:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1979:
1977:
255:, aiming at the moralization of the
51:, was a colonial revolt against the
850:Declaration of majority of Pedro II
239:King John V of Portugal (1689-1750)
174:insisted on imposing the so-called
2373:História da Civilização Brasileira
2105:História da Civilização Brasileira
1802:of those who suffer in this world
654:Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–1777)
639:Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737)
387:Municipal Chamber of Vila do Carmo
162:. These were the places where the
14:
1205:March of the One Hundred Thousand
2459:
2445:
2431:
2403:(in Portuguese). Edusp. p. 373.
2385:Mello e Souza, Laura de (1995).
1602:
445:
212:". These orders resulted in the
2423:História Antiga de Minas Gerais
2251:História Antiga de Minas Gerais
1799:- may God teach you the lesson
1780:According to Lúcio dos Santos "
243:Against this state of affairs,
2421:Vasconcelos, Diogo de (1948).
2327:Morro da Queimada - Ouro Preto
2299:Morro da Queimada - Ouro Preto
2184:Morro da Queimada - Ouro Preto
1811:others, however, will be born.
1274:1993 Constitutional referendum
1264:Impeachment of Fernando Collor
713:Conquest of the Banda Oriental
683:Invasion of the Banda Oriental
1:
2396:(in Portuguese). pp. 196–197.
1759:Long live the people, or die!
1294:Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff
526:Letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha
514:Pedro Álvares Cabral's voyage
349:Decrease in procedural costs;
1675:Filipe dos Santos' execution
1083:Constitutionalist Revolution
950:Proclamation of the Republic
795:Confederation of the Equator
696:United Kingdom with Portugal
23:Trial of Filipe dos Santos.
2980:Rebellions in South America
1956:"Revolta de Vila Rica 1720"
1827:Romanceiro da Inconfidência
753:Recognition of Independence
743:Declaration of Independence
346:Reduction of various taxes;
178:tax, which consisted of 12
118:Manuel Nunes Viana against
3011:
1841:Carlos Drummond de Andrade
1805:violence and persecution.
1185:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
1108:1937 Brazilian coup d'état
1093:Communist uprising of 1935
865:Liberal rebellions of 1842
718:Constituent Cortes of 1820
371:End of the foundry houses;
120:D. Fernando de Mascarenhas
1245:1988 Constituent Assembly
1190:Vacancy in the Presidency
1130:Ousting of Getúlio Vargas
1071:Second Brazilian Republic
996:Coffee with milk politics
930:Post–abolition of slavery
780:1823 Constituent Assembly
708:Conquest of French Guiana
172:Brás Baltasar da Silveira
2538:Holy Roman Empire (1062)
1863:, on December 21, 2005.
1808:Filipe dos Santos died:
1674:
1155:Construction of Brasília
1150:Lott's preventative coup
135:, were imposed by true "
2691:Portuguese India (1787)
2543:Mamluk Sultanate (1386)
2509:Before the 16th century
1891:Minas Gerais Conspiracy
1859:, and published in the
1743:Minas Gerais Conspiracy
659:Minas Gerais Conspiracy
73:Minas Gerais Conspiracy
2528:Roman Republic (63 BC)
2503:Plots and conspiracies
2279:Silva; Bastos (1976).
2264:Mello e Souza (1995).
1984:Silva; Bastos (1976).
1819:
1796:Sleep, my boy, sleep,
1773:
1735:Río de la Plata region
1711:
1693:
1289:Car Wash investigation
1200:Araguaia Guerrilla War
880:Eusébio de Queirós Law
403:
388:
308:
240:
103:
44:
32:
2813:United Kingdom (1968)
2747:United Kingdom (1820)
1690:Diogo de Vasconcelos
1178:Military dictatorship
984:Federalist Revolution
960:Republic of the Sword
910:Revolt of the Muckers
805:Abdication of Pedro I
597:Quilombo dos Palmares
509:Treaty of Tordesillas
400:The Gerais are risen!
397:
386:
336:Long live the people!
307:View over Ouro Preto.
306:
238:
101:
94:Historical background
22:
2990:Rebellions in Brazil
2975:Separatism in Brazil
2889:United States (2020)
2788:United States (1933)
2742:United States (1807)
2686:United States (1783)
2666:Great Britain (1721)
2295:"Memória e História"
2249:Vasconcelos (1948).
1299:Coronavirus pandemic
1120:Integralist Uprising
925:Abolition of Slavery
669:Opening of the ports
45:Revolta de Vila Rica
2929:Sierra Leone (2023)
2253:. pp. 201–202.
2213:. pp. 196–197.
2147:. pp. 318–322.
2107:. pp. 164–167.
2046:. pp. 196–198.
1857:Ministry of Culture
1851:Archaeological Park
1415:Rio Grande do Norte
825:1834 Additional Act
748:War of Independence
624:War of the Emboabas
262:Application of the
114:began, pitting the
112:War of the Emboabas
2879:Ivory Coast (2012)
2762:Philippines (1828)
2599:Philippines (1587)
2380:História do Brasil
2057:Anastasia (1998).
2044:História do Brasil
1960:História do Brasil
1375:Mato Grosso do Sul
1312:By federative unit
1195:Institutional Acts
1078:Revolution of 1930
1051:Lieutenant revolts
1036:Revolt of the Lash
1016:Annexation of Acre
1006:Amazon rubber boom
602:France Equinoxiale
582:France Antarctique
521:European discovery
474:Indigenous Peoples
389:
379:Minas Gerais rises
309:
241:
182:of gold from each
104:
49:Vila Rica Sedition
33:
2970:Conflicts in 1720
2952:
2951:
2884:Montenegro (2016)
2533:Roman Empire (65)
2409:978-85-314-0812-0
2366:978-85-01-05674-0
2283:. pp. 94–95.
2268:. pp. 84–85.
1886:Bahian Conspiracy
1643:
1642:
1609:Brazil portal
1530:Jewish Brazilians
1420:Rio Grande do Sul
1252:1988 Constitution
1215:Redemocratization
1210:Brazilian Miracle
1160:Legality Campaign
1143:Populist Republic
1113:1937 Constitution
1088:1934 Constitution
1026:Taubaté Agreement
955:1891 Constitution
920:Military Question
858:Reign of Pedro II
790:1824 Constitution
703:Pernambuco Revolt
489:Marajoara culture
439:History of Brazil
334:to the cries of "
290:Filipe dos Santos
280:Ribeirão do Carmo
129:The laws, in the
47:), also known as
29:Antônio Parreiras
3002:
2711:Venezuela (1797)
2497:
2490:
2483:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2039:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1952:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1829:(Romance of the
1823:Cecília Meireles
1817:
1771:
1717:The consequences
1709:
1691:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1350:Federal District
968:
773:Reign of Pedro I
766:Empire of Brazil
677:
644:Treaty of Madrid
634:Vila Rica Revolt
551:
543:Brazilwood cycle
449:
426:
160:Vila do Príncipe
156:São João del-Rei
88:Count of Assumar
59:, a city in the
53:Portuguese crown
37:Vila Rica Revolt
3010:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2995:Colonial Brazil
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2874:Zimbabwe (2007)
2864:Cambodia (2000)
2852:
2848:Pakistan (1995)
2838:Zimbabwe (1980)
2808:Cambodia (1959)
2803:Pakistan (1951)
2771:
2757:Colombia (1828)
2720:
2644:
2614:England (1603)
2603:
2557:
2553:Florence (1478)
2504:
2501:
2467:Portugal portal
2465:
2460:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2143:Aquino (1999).
2142:
2141:
2112:
2103:Calmon (1939).
2102:
2101:
2066:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2040:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1962:(in Portuguese)
1954:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1872:
1853:
1818:
1815:
1793:
1791:Cultural Impact
1778:
1772:
1769:
1751:
1719:
1710:
1707:
1692:
1689:
1677:
1639:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1590:Years in Brazil
1574:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1490:Catholic Church
1470:Afro-Brazilians
1464:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1180:
1170:
1169:
1145:
1135:
1134:
1097:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1031:Naval arms race
962:
945:
935:
934:
905:Religious Issue
890:Christie Affair
870:Praieira revolt
854:
809:
768:
758:
757:
733:
723:
722:
698:
688:
687:
671:
607:Dutch invasions
592:Jesuit missions
575:State of Brazil
571:
545:
532:
504:
502:Colonial Brazil
494:
493:
469:
459:
424:
381:
301:
292:
233:
231:Preceding facts
96:
65:Colonial Brazil
61:Royal Captaincy
17:
12:
11:
5:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2944:Armenia (2024)
2941:
2939:Ukraine (2024)
2936:
2931:
2926:
2924:Moldova (2023)
2921:
2916:
2914:Germany (2022)
2911:
2909:Ukraine (2022)
2906:
2901:
2899:Armenia (2021)
2896:
2894:Ukraine (2021)
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2828:Morocco (1973)
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Germany (1944)
2795:
2793:Germany (1938)
2790:
2785:
2783:Ukraine (1919)
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2767:Georgia (1832)
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2640:Hungary (1670)
2637:
2635:England (1641)
2632:
2630:England (1605)
2627:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2594:England (1586)
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2548:England (1415)
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2456:
2453:History portal
2442:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2354:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2311:
2286:
2271:
2256:
2241:
2216:
2196:
2168:
2165:. p. 373.
2161:Moura (2004).
2150:
2110:
2064:
2049:
2042:Maior (1968).
1991:
1988:. p. 240.
1973:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1852:
1849:
1813:
1792:
1789:
1777:
1774:
1767:
1750:
1747:
1718:
1715:
1705:
1687:
1676:
1673:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1598:
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1593:
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1587:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Rail transport
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1435:Santa Catarina
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1410:Rio de Janeiro
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1355:Espírito Santo
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1041:Contestado War
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:Vaccine Revolt
1018:
1013:
1011:War of Canudos
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
986:
981:
976:
970:
969:
957:
952:
946:
941:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
900:Paraguayan War
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
861:
860:
853:
852:
847:
842:
840:Ragamuffin War
837:
832:
827:
822:
816:
815:
813:Regency Period
808:
807:
802:
800:Cisplatine War
797:
792:
787:
785:Night of Agony
782:
776:
775:
769:
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
734:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
715:
710:
705:
699:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
680:
679:
678:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
615:
614:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
578:
577:
570:
569:
568:
567:
557:
552:
539:
538:
531:
530:
529:
528:
517:
516:
511:
505:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
470:
465:
464:
461:
460:
452:Terra Brasilis
450:
442:
441:
435:
434:
423:
420:
408:Rio de Janeiro
380:
377:
373:
372:
369:
350:
347:
300:
297:
291:
288:
275:
274:
271:
260:
232:
229:
190:equals 3.5859
102:Brazil in 1709
95:
92:
69:historiography
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3007:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Brazil (2022)
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:France (1820)
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:France (1804)
2735:
2733:
2732:France (1800)
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2716:Mexico (1799)
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Sweden (1793)
2704:
2702:
2701:Sweden (1789)
2699:
2697:
2696:Sweden (1788)
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Sweden (1756)
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:France (1718)
2659:
2657:
2656:Naples (1701)
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:Sweden (1576)
2587:
2585:
2584:Sweden (1574)
2582:
2580:
2579:Sweden (1569)
2577:
2575:
2574:France (1567)
2572:
2570:
2569:France (1560)
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2516:Ancient Egypt
2514:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2468:
2457:
2454:
2443:
2440:
2439:Brazil portal
2429:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2242:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1966:September 30,
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1825:left, in her
1824:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1731:Montes Claros
1727:
1723:
1716:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1686:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:Football Team
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
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1165:Plano Trienal
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467:Pre-Cabraline
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264:Royal Charter
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30:
26:
21:
2985:Minas Gerais
2965:Conspiracies
2857:21st century
2833:Spain (1978)
2823:China (1971)
2818:Libya (1970)
2776:20th century
2725:19th century
2681:Chile (1781)
2671:Malta (1749)
2649:18th century
2608:17th century
2562:16th century
2422:
2415:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2357:
2350:
2344:Bibliography
2330:. Retrieved
2326:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2265:
2259:
2250:
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2228:
2219:
2210:
2187:. Retrieved
2183:
2162:
2144:
2104:
2058:
2052:
2043:
1985:
1964:. Retrieved
1959:
1950:
1932:
1923:
1913:
1904:
1865:
1854:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1831:Inconfidence
1826:
1820:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1739:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:Pedro Calmon
1700:
1698:
1694:
1683:
1678:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1495:Constitution
1380:Minas Gerais
1259:Plano Collor
1233:New Republic
1125:World War II
991:Belle Époque
979:Navy Revolts
974:Encilhamento
943:Old Republic
875:Coffee cycle
820:April Revolt
731:Independence
633:
612:Dutch Brazil
587:Bandeirantes
456:Miller Atlas
451:
422:The reaction
416:
412:
404:
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328:
323:
318:
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310:
293:
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224:
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209:
203:
200:insurrection
187:
176:gold panning
169:
141:
136:
130:
128:
115:
108:Pedro Calmon
105:
79:
77:
48:
36:
34:
2869:Laos (2007)
2843:Peru (1992)
2234:February 2,
2180:"Histórico"
1560:Transgender
1540:Nationality
1370:Mato Grosso
1240:Lost Decade
1101:Estado Novo
1046:World War I
963: [
915:Grande Seca
885:Platine War
830:Malê Revolt
738:Dia do Fico
672: [
649:Guaraní War
629:Mascate War
565:Slave trade
555:Sugar cycle
546: [
536:Captaincies
245:King John V
221:camp-master
196:royal roads
164:royal fifth
144:royal court
2959:Categories
1943:References
1400:Pernambuco
1279:Plano Real
1220:Diretas Já
1064:Vargas Era
1001:Coronelism
619:Gold cycle
299:Conspiracy
41:Portuguese
2623:Main Plot
2189:March 18,
1821:The poet
1745:of 1789.
1665:quartered
1585:Conflicts
1555:Socialism
1510:Etymology
1480:Animation
1475:Anarchism
1450:Tocantins
1440:São Paulo
835:Cabanagem
253:bishopric
148:smuggling
124:Paulistas
57:Vila Rica
2618:Bye Plot
2332:June 15,
2304:June 15,
1870:See also
1814:—
1776:Analysis
1768:—
1749:Document
1706:—
1688:—
1669:Itaubira
1580:Timeline
1573:Research
1535:Military
1515:Football
1425:Rondônia
1365:Maranhão
1335:Amazonas
1284:Mensalão
1269:Mercosul
845:Balaiada
484:Kuhikugu
431:a series
429:Part of
268:Dragoons
225:emboabas
214:Pitangui
122:and the
2521:1155 BC
1505:Ethanol
1500:Economy
1445:Sergipe
1430:Roraima
1390:Paraíba
1325:Alagoas
560:Slavery
393:Mariana
358:tobacco
332:ouvidor
324:ouvidor
319:arrobas
314:ouvidor
205:arrobas
180:oitavas
158:and in
137:régulos
116:emboaba
80:reinóis
2407:
2364:
2209:Mota.
1545:Postal
1463:Topics
1395:Paraná
458:, 1519
433:on the
362:liquor
354:cattle
257:clergy
188:oitava
186:(each
152:Sabará
132:sertão
86:, the
1897:Notes
1405:Piauí
1360:Goiás
1345:Ceará
1340:Bahia
1330:Amapá
967:]
676:]
550:]
479:Luzia
210:finta
192:grams
184:miner
2405:ISBN
2362:ISBN
2334:2010
2306:2010
2236:2001
2191:2021
1968:2014
1918:say.
1525:LGBT
1485:Book
1385:Pará
1320:Acre
366:salt
364:and
35:The
27:by
25:Oil
2961::
2325:.
2314:^
2297:.
2227:.
2199:^
2182:.
2171:^
2153:^
2113:^
2067:^
1994:^
1976:^
1958:.
1847:"
1784:"
1737:.
965:pt
674:pt
548:pt
454:,
360:,
356:,
326:.
154:,
43::
2496:e
2489:t
2482:v
2411:.
2368:.
2336:.
2308:.
2238:.
2193:.
2061:.
1970:.
1658:,
1634:e
1627:t
1620:v
1521:)
1517:(
368:;
270:;
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
