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assigned to the villages or settlements they reside with the approval of the
Provincial Governor. Voluntary Security Guards (GGK) can be given priority to one of the children of the Security Guards, who are martyred or disabled to work in the fight against terrorism, those who died of death and who left their duties after completing their service term, or one of their siblings if they do not have children. The newly recruited Security Village Guards receive two-week basic training at the beginning, and at least two-day in-service training every six months.
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418:"We posed the people with a choice, either they acted as village guards, or they would be resettled in other provinces. In the evening, we staged what appeared to be a skirmish with the guerrillas, we shot at windows and also directed heavy weapons against the village. As the people depended on their harvest and animals, we destroyed their fields and slaughtered the animals. If this did not help, we surrounded the village and sent in the counter-guerrillas."
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between the PKK and Turkey. There are separate classifications of paid and voluntary village guards, with both being allowed the bear weapons. In 1985 there were 3,679 weapons given to 7,933 village guards. From 1985 to 1990, recruitment of village guards was mainly accomplished by negotiating with tribal chieftain, with the tribes being awarded greater autonomy rights in exchange for their services.
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Village guards have immunity for crimes even for rapes or killings. The right to bear arms often lead to solving disputes between a village guard and a "terrorist" in the killing of the latter. At times also minor conflicts during the soccer game of children or in business relations were solved this
258:
The
Village Guards were levied according to an amendment to the "Law of Temporary Village Guards" of 1924, which was introduced due to the lack of security officers after the war of independence. The amendment was approved by the Turkish parliament in March 1985, after the first major confrontations
435:
Turkey evaluated who could be an eventual ally against the PKK by assessing the loyalty of the tribes in the previous
Kurdish revolts. The list was compiled in the 1970s. The Bucak tribe joined in the early 1990s when the PKK attempted to compel the tribe to join the side of the PKK. Tahir Adiyaman
422:
In 2012 the
Turkish Government indicated that it was planning to phase out the village guard system. But as the conflicts started again in 2014, the village guards assumed the local guiding and local protection operations. This time, the state not only accepts volunteers. Now, in order to deal with
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The village guards receive an attractive salary. In 2003, they earned a monthly salary of about 290$ when the average income was 100$ . At times they received a monthly pay of around $ 230 US Dollars while at the same time the annual salary was $ 400. In 2019 the
Security Guards were getting a
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The applications made by those who want to be appointed as
Security Village Guard are examined by the governorships or district governorships in accordance with the Temporary Village Guards Regulation and Directive, those who are deemed appropriate to be appointed as Security Village Guard are
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who reportedly had control over 5000 men in the region of
Hakkari and Sirnak became a supporter of the village guard system. Adiyaman had previously also fought against Turkish authority and took part in an attack in which a Turkish prosecutor and several Turkish soldiers were killed in 1975.
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The
Village Guards gained wealth through smuggling over the Turkish-Iraqi border for which they had immunity. It was even stated by Van Bruinessen that some village guards were recruited among known smugglers. The amount of village guards surged from 18,000 to 63,000 between 1990 and 1994.
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the unemployment in the region, the government hires young people who just finished military service as commando, to become a village guard. Except for women volunteers, it became difficult to be a village guard since 2014, too many applications were made in the last years. The
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has stated that for years they have received reports of "violations by village guards—murders, rapes, robberies, house destruction, and illegal property occupation, among others". They add however that not all of these reports have been confirmed first hand.
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estimated that 296 murders were committed by village guards between 1985 and 1996. In a subsequent report in 2006, the
Ministry indicated that some 5,000 village guards were involved in criminal activities.
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The establishment of the
Village Guards resulted into a change of policy by the PKK, who reorganized its military wing at the 3rd party congress in October 1986 and made the joining of its military wing the
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in 1987. The PKK often also hung village guards from trees and stuffed their mouths with money in order to deter the Kurdish population from joining the village guards. During the ongoing
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and humiliation by the Turkish security forces. There have been some attempts by the Turkish authorities to compensate people who have lost property in this way. A member of the
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During the conflict Turkish government used village guard system to distinguish “loyal” and “disloyal” citizens and backed the system with material benefits and coercion.
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A report by the Turkish Parliament in 1995 confirmed that village guards have been involved in not just these but a wide range of illegal activities, including killing,
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Some people who refused to join the village guards have had their homes burned, or have been forced to leave and their homes and property seized. They have endured
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came to the conclusion that most of drug trafficking in the region is controlled by the Village Guards who trusted in their protection from prosecution.
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relates former lieutenant in the Turkish Army Yener Soylu as describing the process of persuading some villagers to join the village guards:
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To certify with a medical report that there is no physical or mental illness or bodily injury that prevents him from performing his duty.
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in order to assist in military operations against the PKK. In 2019, the force consisted of approximately 54,000 village guards in total.
1140:"Unjust, Restrictive, and Inconsistent: The Impact of Turkey's Compensation Law with Respect to Internally Displaced People: Background"
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Council of Europe – Report – Humanitarian situation of the Kurdish refugees and displaced persons in South-East Turkey and North Iraq
387:, accepting to become a village guard is a voluntary process, but there are other reports of forced recruitments. In a report by the
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and former governor of some areas of south-eastern Turkey states that, "village guards often operated outside the control of the
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brought new conditions to become a village guard after announcing 25,000 people will be employed as village guards in 2019.
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Not being involved in destructive, divisive and reactionary activities being well-mannered and not fighting with everyone.
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By the year 2000, over 1100 village guards have died in clashes with the PKK and about an additional 1100 were wounded.
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Whilst not officially endorsed by the Turkish Government, some village guards are reported to have been involved in "
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Al Jazeera Turk - Ortadoğu, Kafkasya, Balkanlar, Türkiye ve çevresindeki bölgeden son dakika haberleri ve analizler
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1003:"Turkey and War in Iraq: Avoiding Past Patterns of Violation (Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper, March 2003)"
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UNHCR/ACCORD: 6th European Country of Origin Information Seminar Vienna, 13 – 14 November 2000 – Final report
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285:
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system. A prominent attack against village guards and their relatives include the massacre committed in the
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1368:"Köy Korucusu Nasıl Olunur? Güvenlik Korucusu Başvuru Şartları Neler? Köy Korucularının Maaşları Ne Kadar?"
1316:"Köy Korucusu Nasıl Olunur? Güvenlik Korucusu Başvuru Şartları Neler? Köy Korucularının Maaşları Ne Kadar?"
1289:"Köy Korucusu Nasıl Olunur? Güvenlik Korucusu Başvuru Şartları Neler? Köy Korucularının Maaşları Ne Kadar?"
324:
1250:"25 bin korucu ne zaman alınacak? 2019 25 bin korucu alımı son dakika başvuru şartları koşulları nedir?"
238:(PKK). The rationale behind the establishment of the village guards was that it would be helpful to the
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Limits of Supranational Justice: The European Court of Human Rights and Turkey's Kurdish Conflict
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806:"State Building and the limits of legibility: Kinship networks and Kurdish Resistance in Turkey"
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498:. In 2020, the monthly salary of the Security Guards, together with the compensation, was 2243
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Having completed military service, not less than 22 years old and not over 60 years old.
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1114:"Turkey: Letter to Minister Aksu calling for the abolition of the village guards"
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410:, and that many villagers faced pressure to enter the system". The journalist
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in towns and villages, protecting against attacks and reprisals from the
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676:"Arming Civilians for Counter-Terrorism: Turkey's Village Guard System"
346:
277:
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1206:(The final battle for Kurdistan? The PKK, Turkey and Germany). (Bonn)
561:"Kurds who became 'village guards' and fought PKK rebels in Turkey to"
289:
219:
280:" for betraying the Kurdish nation or also seen as adherents to the
768:
The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance
164:
https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/illeridaresi/korucular-daire-baskanligi
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199:
1403:
1224:"Opposition ambivalent as gov't rallies to solve Kurdish issue"
920:"Opposition ambivalent as gov't rallies to solve Kurdish issue"
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Endkampf um Kurdistan? Die PKK, die Türkei und Deutschland
272:
compulsory. The village guards are frequently targeted by
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To be residing in the village where he / she will work.
1345:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 83.
597:"AKP settles Kyrgyz 'migrants' in Northern Kurdistan"
534:"Türkiye Son 3 Yılda Korucu Sayısını 54 Bine Çıkardı"
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returning to their villages after forced evacuation.
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way. The commission of Unresolved Killings from the
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General Directorate of Prisons and Detention Houses
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242:to have an additional force of people who knew the
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978:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 142–143.
218:. Originally they were set up and funded by the
30:"Korucular" redirects here. For other uses, see
1164:Amnesty International – 1996 – Turkey Campaign
948:Middle East Contemporary Survey, Vol. 24, 2000
484:Security Guards must attend training programs.
222:state in the mid-1980s under the direction of
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538:Amerika'nin Sesi | Voice of America - Turkish
226:. Their stated purpose was to act as a local
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1612:Non-military counterinsurgency organizations
1531:Intelligence Department of the General Staff
810:International Journal of Middle East Studies
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186:("Security Village Guards of Turkey"), are
1622:Paramilitary organizations based in Turkey
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997:
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875:The Routledge Handbook of Turkish Politics
743:The Routledge Handbook of Turkish Politics
712:The Routledge Handbook of Turkish Politics
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1568:General Directorate of Customs Protection
1465:General Directorate of Forest Protection
1637:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)
951:. The Moshe Dayan Center. p. 598.
522:
296:, 62 village guards have been killed.
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864:Turkey's PKK Conflict: The Rising Toll
475:Not having moodiness like drunkenness.
27:Paramilitary security guards in Turkey
1460:Directorate General of Coastal Safety
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649:"Korucu aşiretleri: Biz ne olacağız?"
182:lit. "Rangers"), officially known as
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466:Not to be deprived of public rights.
351:Kurdish internally displaced persons
1617:Indigenous counterinsurgency forces
1521:Gendarmerie Intelligence Department
1052:"Turkey: "Still critical": Summary"
574:from the original on 17 August 2022
321:Mardin engagement ceremony massacre
270:Kurdistan People's Liberation Force
1632:Law enforcement agencies of Turkey
1516:National Intelligence Organization
972:Kurban, Dilek (12 November 2020).
674:Gürcan, Metin (18 November 2016).
25:
766:Gunes, Cengiz (11 January 2013).
332:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
60:Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)
1584:Askeri İnzibat (Military Police)
1478:
877:. Routledge. 2019. p. 278.
745:. Routledge. 2019. p. 277.
714:. Routledge. 2019. p. 276.
131:
117:
1445:General Directorate of Security
770:. Routledge. pp. 104–105.
469:Not being convicted of a crime.
276:militants as they are seen as "
184:Türkiye Güvenlik Köy Korucuları
1526:Police Intelligence Department
1277:Belge, Ceren (2011).pp.106–107
945:Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2002).
540:(in Turkish). 13 November 2019
1:
1343:The Kurdish National Movement
622:"Giresun'a 750 köy korucusu!"
647:Sevinç, Fatih (3 May 2017).
244:Southeastern Anatolia Region
1450:Gendarmerie General Command
628:(in Turkish). 19 April 2016
425:Gendarmerie General Command
188:Gendarmerie General Command
105:Gendarmerie General Command
46:Türkiye Güvenlik Korucuları
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32:Korucular (disambiguation)
29:
1547:National Security Council
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1431:Law enforcement in Turkey
1202:Stein, Gottfried. (1994)
1098:Cite uses generic title (
822:10.1017/S0020743810001212
305:Turkish Interior Ministry
45:
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1552:Ministry of the Interior
1031:U.S. Department of State
431:Selection and assignment
376:Training and recruitment
196:Kurdish-Turkish conflict
152:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
125:Kurdistan Workers' Party
494:monthly salary of 2020
236:Kurdistan Workers Party
72:26 March 1985 — present
1341:Romano, David (2006).
420:
325:Human rights in Turkey
179:
1190:25 April 2005 at the
804:Belge, Ceren (2011).
416:
1500:Village guard system
1169:14 July 2007 at the
680:Sustainable Security
570:. 16 February 2014.
88:Turkish border areas
1627:Paramilitary police
1455:Coast Guard Command
294:conflict since 2015
85:Active regions
1118:Human Rights Watch
512:Hamidiye (cavalry)
456:Being literate in
400:Turkish Parliament
389:Human Rights Watch
369:Human Rights Watch
198:. They are mostly
68:Dates of operation
1607:Militia in Turkey
1592:
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985:978-1-108-48932-4
958:978-965-224-054-5
777:978-1-136-58798-6
626:www.haberturk.com
567:Independent.co.uk
451:citizen of Turkey
380:According to the
341:", extrajudicial
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138:Kurdish Hezbollah
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