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prevent
Udayana from escaping. Pradyota then orders Udayana to be released and taken to calm down the elephant Nalagiri. Udayana is given the vina Ghoshavati that was seized during the forest fight. The wild elephant is brought in front of the Disha-mukhi palace, and the prime minister Bharatarohaka brings Udayana to the site. Pradyota, his queen, and his daughter Vasavadatta watch the scene from the balcony of the palace. Udayana calms down the elephant with his vina, and hands over the vina to Bharatarohaka, and then mounts the elephant. Vasavadatta is impressed by his feat, as is Pradyota, who asks Bharatarohaka to treat Udayana like his own sons. Udayana likes Vasavadatta, and decides that he will leave Ujjayini only with her. When Yaugandharayana comes to rescue him, he refuses to escape, and instead goes to Pradyota's palace with Bharatarohaka.
349:, and another expressing his increasing love for Vasavadatta. Sankrityayani then asks Vasavadatta to play the vina as demonstrated by Udayana, and Udayana calls Vasavadatta a good student. To keep Udayana longer in the palace, Sankrityayani suggests that "Mattavilasa" dance to entertain them. Vasavadatta doesn't watch the performance, but still rewards him a ring, which Udayana takes. Udayana is still a proud man: he intends to abduct Vasavadatta, and doesn't want Pradyota to know that he is in love with the princess. He tells Vasantaka that he will pretend to be in be in love with another woman to avoid raising Pradyota's suspicions. On Vasantaka's suggestion, he sends a gift to a prostitute named Narmada. Vasantaka, who is pretending to be Pradyota's spy as Mattavilasa, spreads the rumour about Udayana's supposed affair with Narmada.
323:
temple, Sankrityayani reveals in a monologue that
Udayana and Vasavadatta have fallen in love, and the princess is not well simply because she is longing for Udayana. Then, Sankrityayani pretends to be a priestess possessed by a goddess, and tells Vasavadatta that her desire for Udayana will be fulfilled. After Vasavadatta departs, her parents parents enter the temple with Bharatarohaka. Sankrityayani tells them that Vasavadatta is longing for Udayana, and Pradyota infers that he has been given a divine command to allow Pradyota to enter Vasavadatta's palace. Bharatarohaka suggests that in eyes of the public, Udayana can be allowed to enter the palace on the pretext of giving the princess music lessons.
270:, accompanied by an elephant painted blue. Meanwhile, Udayana deploys his forces in an elephant forest to capture a herd of elephants. An agent of Pradyota, disguised as a forest-dweller, reports seeing a blue elephant at some distance. Intrigued, Udayana leaves behind his army to see the blue elephant, accompanied by only his personal attendants and 20 soldiers. When he sees the elephant, Udayana plays a vina named Ghoshavati to tame the elephant. Soon, he is attacked by Pradyota's soldiers, and realizes that he has been deceived.
358:
consult
Sankrityayani. Sankrityayani meets them in the garden, presents a letter from Udayana to Vasavadatta, and states that Udayana's supposed love for Narmada must have been a sham. Sankrityayani also reveals that Udayana had once saved her from drowning in a lake beside the Yamuna river. Vasavadatta sings the verses written by Udayana with a vina, and then prepares to receive him for a music lesson. Sankrityayani says that Udayana will be delighted when he hears about Vasavadatta's feelings for him.
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his actual mission is to keep an eye on
Udayana. Vasantaka first teases Udayana that he is thinking of a drama featuring characters based on himself, Udayana and Vasavadatta. After talking about this drama, he tells Udayana that Aruni has sent an envoy to Pradyota, stressing the need to keep a close watch on Udayana. He further states that after hearing what the envoy had to say, Pradyota only smiled to Bharatarohaka. Soon, Bharatarohaka arrives and takes Udayana to Vasavadatta's palace in a chariot.
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soldiers who has escaped from the forest attack, brings the news that
Udayana has been captured. Yaugandharayana immediately starts preparing for the king's rescue. To convince Pradyota's agents that no action is being taken to rescue the king, he spreads the news that he has received the report of Udayana's death, and then fakes his own death. He then reveals to the audience that he intends to go to Ujjayini disguised as an ascetic to bring his master.
166:, the capital of Avanti. There, Udayana falls in love with Vasavadatta, and meets her on the pretext of giving her vina lessons. With the help of his aides, Udayana plans to escape with the princess. The rest of the plot, which is not available in the extant acts, probably described Udayana's escape and subsequent events.
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The missing portions of the play probably included one or two acts. These acts most probably described
Udayana's escape with Vasavadatta, and the re-establishment of his control over Kaushambi, among other events. Sankrityayani also probably leaves Ujjayini with Vasavadatta: in some later works (such
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Udayana has been freed by
Pradyota, but still remains in Ujjayini because of his love for Vasavadatta. Not knowing that Vasantaka was originally Udayana's jester, Pradyota sends him to Udayana disguised as a crazy beggar named Mattavilasa. Pradyota tells Udayana that Mattavilasa will amuse him, but
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In Act 4 proper, Pradyota receives
Shalankayana as a hero who has just recovered from the battle injuries. Pradyota and his ministers discuss Udayana's qualities, and decide to release him, believing that he has suffered enough. On Shalankayana's advice, 10,000 soldiers are deployed in Ujjayini to
278:
Udayana's minister
Yaugandharayana receives a letter from the nun Sankrityayani, his secret agent in Pradyota's capital Ujjayini. The letter warns him of the blue elephant plan to capture Udayana, but has been delayed because of the roadblocks set up by Pradyota's soldiers. Soon after, Hamsaka, a
357:
A maid tells
Vasavadatta about the Udayana's supposed love for Narmada. According to the rumor, Narmada rejected Udayana's advances despite Pradyota's approval. Vasavadatta is angry and disappointed, but Kanchanamala reassures her that Udayana would not love a woman like Narmada, and asks her to
253:
is Shiva's choice, but Pradyota opposes the suggestion, stating that Udayana is too proud. After further discussion, the assembly interprets Shiva's words "against the will" to mean that Udayana must be married to Vasavadatta against Udayana's will. The prime minister Bharatarohaka suggests that
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In the introductory scene to Act 5, a conversation between Vasavadatta's confidante Kanchana-mala and a maid reveals that the princess is not well. The maid tells Kanchana-mala that the nun Sankrityayani can become possessed by a goddess and reveal how to cure Vasavadatta. In Act 5 proper, at a
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after defeating his forces in a battle: Udayana's brothers have been killed in the battle, but his minister Rumanvant is holding the fortress of Lavanaka and has secret agents in several villages. Hamsaka then reveals Yaugandharayana's plan to rescue Udayana: an elephant named Nalagiri has been
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has told him in a dream that his daughter will be married to an ideal husband, but against the will (it is not mentioned whose will). He consults with his ministers to find a suitable match, but dismisses all potential matches as unworthy because of their greed, foolishness, cruelty, or other
209:). Despite the common story, the two plays are very different: Bhasa's play is a short play in which Udayana and Vasavadatta do not appear on the stage, and many incidents are presented as reports rather than enacted scenes; on the other hand, Shudraka's play is a full-fledged play.
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to organize a water festival on the outskirts of Ujjayini. While Pradyota's court is occupied with the festival, he causes confusion by starting a fire in the city, and facilitates the escape of Udayana and Vasavadatta. It is possible that this plotline appeared in the original
340:
Udayana teaches Vasavadatta music, in the presence of Sankrityayani, Kanchanamala, Vasantaka (disguised as Mattavilasa), and a chamberlain carrying the vina. Udayana plays vina and sings several songs, including a verse on the
301:) Vasantaka has managed to enter the palace of king Pradyota with his amusing acts, and has been able to meet Udayana in prison. Meanwhile, Hamsaka reports that king Aruni has captured Udayana's capital
392:. Notably, this story features the characters Sankrityayani and Narmada, which do not appear in other extant versions of the Udayana-Vasavadatta story. In this story, Yaugandharayana uses a fake
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is a suitable match, but is too proud to willingly accept a proposal to marry to the princess. To break his pride, Pradyota arranges for Udayana to be captured and imprisoned in
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In the introductory scene to Act 4, Udayana's loyalists are seen in disguise in Ujjayini, in a variation of the scenes in Act 3 of Bhasa's
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Pradyota's spies gather information about Udayana's forces and movements. Pradyota's minister Shalankayana has deployed an army near the
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capturing Udayana would break his pride. Bharatarohaka mentions that as a boy, Udayana and his friends threw dust at a
258:(sage) while pretending to be elephants. The rishi cursed Udayana to be subjugated by an enemy through an elephant.
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The title of the play refers to a scene in which the heroine Vasavadatta receives a
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The first eight acts of the play have been recovered from manuscripts preserved in
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is anxious to get his daughter Vasavadatta married to a suitable man. The god
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Indian Sanskrit-language play attributed to Shudraka
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185:lesson from the hero Udayana. The
127:(c. 3rd century). The first eight
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115:: VÄ«į¹Ä-VÄsavadattÄ) is an Indian
752:3rd-century Sanskrit literature
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215:is probably another name for
700:Biswanath Banerjee (1999).
142:and the musical instrument
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290:Pratijna-Yaugandharayana
207:Pratijna-Yaugandharayana
196:Pratijna-Yaugandharayana
682:Indian KÄvya Literature
461:Biswanath Banerjee 1999
732:Epic poems in Sanskrit
747:Ancient Indian dramas
742:Works about monarchs
236:(alias Mahasena) of
213:Vatsa-raja-charita
202:Svapna-Vasavadatta
737:3rd-century books
692:978-81-208-0615-3
659:A. K. Warder 1977
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726:Categories
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170:Background
119:-language
37:Characters
27:Written by
386:lost work
303:Kaushambi
299:vidushaka
61:Vasantaka
703:Shudraka
679:(1977).
234:Pradyota
164:Ujjayini
148:Pradyota
125:Shudraka
117:Sanskrit
99:Ujjayini
79:Sanskrit
54:Pradyota
31:Shudraka
308:excited
247:Udayana
156:Udayana
95:Setting
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347:Vishnu
343:Vamana
295:jester
238:Avanti
176:Kerala
152:Avanti
49:Udyana
353:Act 8
336:Act 7
327:Act 6
318:Act 5
283:Act 4
274:Act 3
262:Act 2
256:rishi
251:Vatsa
242:Shiva
232:King
228:Act 1
191:Bhasa
160:Vatsa
85:Genre
708:ISBN
687:ISBN
374:The
223:Plot
183:vina
144:vina
133:lost
129:acts
121:play
113:IAST
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