27:
193:
Generally, however, soldiers were expected to endure their punishments; seizing the vine staff was cause for demotion and breaking it or harming the centurion were offenses punishable by death. Some scholars state the vine staff was the instrument used to beat the
140:: "The centurion's vine staff is an excellent medicine for sluggish troops who don't want to advance..." "and when used to chastise offenses makes even the punishment respectable." It carried none of the stigma of the whipping (by
794:
784:
745:
702:
959:
852:
687:
606:
825:
730:
983:
930:
904:
875:
769:
281:, a similar long stick used in the British and Commonwealth armed forces as a symbol of authority and as an aid to military drill
222:
of the 1st through 4th century as a symbol of a centurion's status. These monuments show a variety of forms. During the early
914:
45:
951:
231:
226:, it was usually straight with a rounded top; it later acquired a mushroom-shaped head, which was continued under the
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637:
802:, translated from the Latin by Geoffrey K. Mondello as The Tortures and Torments of the Christian Martyrs for the
598:
993:
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803:
978:
247:
922:
186:) for his tendency to break his vine staffs during beatings; he was one of the first killed during the
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258:
203:
616:
633:
445:
235:
230:. Less often, it appeared in knotted and sinuous forms. One centurion gave his vine staff to the
91:: both as an implement in the direction of drill and maneuvers; and to beat wayward or laggard
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48:
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84:
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20:
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887:"Invading the Roman Body: Manliness and Impenetrability in Roman Thought"
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128:
could be beaten and is mentioned by various classical authors. A line in
97:
525:
287:, a similar rod or crop used in the British and American armed services
266:
239:
167:
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in the early 2nd century BC, it was the only manner by which
51:. His vine staff breaks the frame and even runs across the inscription.
31:
714:
Roman
Centurions 31 BC–AD 500: The Classical and Late Empire
943:
Boudica and Her
Stories: Narrative Transformations of a Warrior Queen
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254:
250:
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153:
757:
Roman
Centurions 753–31 BC: The Kingdom and the Age of Consuls
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25:
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129:
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The Roman
Imperial Army of the first and second centuries A.D
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333:
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rod of about 3 feet (1 m) in length used in the ancient
210:
after he cast away his vine staff and repudiated his rank.
170:
mentions
Lucilius, a centurion known as "Gimme Another" (
389:
387:
754:
D'Amato, Raffaele; Rava, Giuseppe, Illustrator (2013),
711:
D'Amato, Raffaele; Rava, Giuseppe, Illustrator (2012),
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D'Amato, Raffaele; Sumner, Graham, Illustrator (2009),
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402:
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503:
501:
95:or sailors under his command. It was also borne by
671:Imperial Roman Naval Forces 31 BC–AD 500
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16:Mark and tool of the centurion (Ancient Rome)
8:
783:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
764:, Vol. 470, Oxford: Osprey Publishing,
744:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
701:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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246:offering. It was broken and given to the
132:notes that "the good general commits the
109:The vine staff may have derived from the
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164:) endured for severe military offenses.
816:"Roman Antiquities of the Middle Rhine"
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7:
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218:The vine staff is often featured on
826:British Archaeological Association
87:. It was the mark and tool of the
14:
843:, New York, Lake Oswego, Oregon:
622:Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion
148:) suffered by criminals prior to
120:. Following the enactment of the
136:to one to command one hundred."
116:and was certainly in use by the
793:Gallonio, Rev. Antonio (2013),
534:, Bk. I, Ch. 23, §4.
1:
952:Associated University Presses
940:Williams, Carolyn D. (2009),
862:Robinson, H. Russell (1975),
261:whether he would survive his
101:who held an equivalent rank.
19:Not to be confused with the
864:The Armour of Imperial Rome
796:De SS. Martyrum Cruciatibus
375:D'Amato & Sumner (2009)
1010:
897:Princeton University Press
885:Walters, Jonathan (1997),
821:The Archaeological Journal
638:Cambridge University Press
629:Zeus God of the Bright Sky
204:St Marcellus the Centurion
18:
721:, Vol. 479, Oxford:
678:, Vol. 479, Oxford:
599:University of Texas Press
359:D'Amato & Rava (2013)
340:D'Amato & Rava (2012)
984:Military of ancient Rome
824:, vol. 47, London:
253:when he inquired of the
868:Charles Scribner's Sons
835:Mannix, Daniel Pratt IV
804:Boston Catholic Journal
840:The History of Torture
181:
173:
159:
143:
72:
52:
923:Constable and Company
34:of M. Caelius, chief
29:
617:Cook, Arthur Bernard
591:Brand, C.E. (1968),
259:Heliopolitan Jupiter
899:, pp. 29–44,
828:, pp. 193–378
594:Roman Military Law
495:Cited in Gallonio.
53:
989:Military uniforms
961:978-0-87413-079-9
892:Roman Sexualities
854:978-1-61886-751-3
723:Osprey Publishing
689:978-1-84603-317-9
680:Osprey Publishing
652:External link in
608:978-0-292-74224-6
562:, pp. 49–50.
263:upcoming invasion
232:Temple of Jupiter
65:centurion's staff
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925:. p. 132.
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847:, eNet Press,
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812:Lewis, Bunnell
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732:978-1849087957
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311:, p. 157.
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126:Roman citizens
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979:Military life
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771:9781849089371
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492:
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486:, p. 51.
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459:Mannix (1964)
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285:Swagger stick
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670:
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625:, vol.
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593:
585:Bibliography
567:
555:
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521:
510:Brand (1968)
491:
479:
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420:
394:Webster 1979
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321:Brand (1968)
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192:
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174:Cedo Alterum
171:
166:
157:
141:
133:
122:Porcian Laws
113:
108:
96:
64:
60:
56:
54:
41:primus pilus
39:
762:Men-at-Arms
719:Men-at-Arms
676:Men-at-Arms
572:Cook (1914)
449:, III, 527.
446:Art of Love
342:, pp.
220:Roman tombs
214:Description
49:18th Legion
973:Categories
921:. London:
597:, Austin:
574:, p.
546:, p.
512:, p.
461:, p.
427:, p.
425:Lewis 1890
411:, p.
377:, p.
361:, p.
323:, p.
292:References
279:Pace stick
236:Heliopolis
228:Byzantines
224:Principate
118:Punic Wars
81:Roman army
61:vine-staff
57:vine staff
21:staff vine
634:Cambridge
297:Citations
154:cudgeling
150:execution
89:centurion
46:ill-fated
44:) of the
36:centurion
948:Cranbury
917:(1979).
837:(1964),
814:(1890),
779:citation
740:citation
697:citation
645:citation
627:Vol. I:
619:(1914),
273:See also
238:(modern
208:martyred
200:Boadicca
111:Etruscan
93:soldiers
77:vinewood
75:) was a
526:Tacitus
267:Parthia
257:of the
248:emperor
242:) as a
240:Baalbek
182:Alteram
168:Tacitus
152:or the
98:evocati
32:epitaph
958:
929:
903:
874:
851:
845:Dorset
768:
729:
686:
605:
531:Annals
255:oracle
251:Trajan
244:votive
198:queen
160:fustes
144:virgae
114:lituus
105:Origin
800:(PDF)
363:38–39
344:38–39
196:Iceni
138:Pliny
134:vitis
73:vitis
69:Latin
63:, or
956:ISBN
927:ISBN
901:ISBN
872:ISBN
849:ISBN
785:link
766:ISBN
746:link
727:ISBN
703:link
684:ISBN
660:help
603:ISBN
441:Ovid
206:was
156:(by
130:Ovid
85:navy
83:and
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