358:, noting the credentials of his co-workers. The case unravelled with several co-workers realizing that they had been misled and who had assumed good faith, overlooked obvious contradictions and paradoxical results which would arise from the claims made, particularly in assuming that Gupta had collected the fossils where he claimed they had been found. A range of other malpractices were also reported including the reuse of specimens from disparate locations, the use of a specimen that was found missing elsewhere, and plagiarism of images.
361:
John Talent received death threats from Gupta. In an interview to ABC he went on record to note that a technician in Gupta's department who threatened to reveal details of the fraud was reportedly killed in hit-and-run accident. Talent claimed that Gupta had offered money to hitmen to inflict injury
346:
age. They subsequently chanced on his use of the same image in two papers and initially considered the possibility of an error through the addition of a wrong photograph. A more detailed examination showed that Gupta had used illustrations of fossils that were similar to specimens collected near New
200:
Gupta studied M.Sc. in the
Department of Geology (at the time the Centre of Advanced Study in Palaeontology and Himalayan Geology) at Panjab University, Chandigarh. After enrolling in a doctoral programme under the supervision of Mulk Raj Sahni, he investigated on the fossils of the Himalayan region
337:
Gupta's publishing record based on work purportedly made over 20 years consisting of more than 400 research papers came under scrutiny after Talent researched his claims and work for nearly nine years so as to make a clear case of fraud. The discovery of the fraud began when Talent and John
Pickett
228:
Gupta soon joined the faculty of geology and produced his first Ph.D. scholar Inder Jeet in 1972. Panjab
University awarded him a D.Sc. in 1972 in recognition of his research, and created a separate chair, Director of the Institute of Paleontology, for him. By 1989, he published over 458 research
303:
and the
Society for Scientific Values bringing out evidence of Gupta's elaborate misconduct. By that time, Gupta was professor of geology as well as director of the Institute of Paleontology of the Panjab University. Vice Chancellor
316:, found him guilty of research misconducts, but the university Senate decided to allow him continuation of service. However, the university stayed his becoming a dean in 1994. He was allowed to retire "normally" with
1777:
Talent, John A.; Brock, Glenn A.; Engelbretsen, Michael J.; Kato, Makato; Morante, Richard; Talent, Ross C. (1989). "Himalayan
Palaeontologic Database Polluted by Recycling and Other Anomalies".
180:, publishing five books and 458 articles on the subject between 1966 and 1989. However, many of his fossils were revealed to be fake or manipulated, and he became infamous for large-scale
351:
in 1879. They interviewed coauthors, talked to Gupta on several occasions and made a detailed case after nine years of research accusing Gupta of willful and large scale fraud.
245:
188:. Once recognised as "India's most celebrated fossil scientist", he has been named as "the greatest" and "most notorious paleontological fraudster" and "
418:
598:"Department of Geology Panjab University Chandigarh ਪੰਜਾਬ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ पंजाब विश्वविद्यालय चंडीगढ़ पंजाब यूनिवर्सिटी चंडीगढ़ Chandigarh India"
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fossils. They found no fossils at nearly all the twenty sites he had mentioned but they found one site which yielded a fossil of a
1134:"Triassic foraminifers Involutinidae from West Carpathians and Himalayas - its stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications"
1819:
308:
issued Gupta's suspension order in
February 1991, but reinstated by a new Vice Chancellor T.N. Kapoor in January 1992. The
853:"Contributions to the palaeontology and stratigraphy of the lower palaeozoics of parts of Baramula district Kashmir India"
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revoked its financial support to Gupta's lab. In 1994, the legal inquiry led M. S. Gujral, a retired judge of the
232:
Gupta collaborated with 128 eminent scientists around the world, including
William B. N. Berry, Director of the
249:
1002:"Early Permian Fossils from Southern Tibet, Like Faunas from Peninsular India and Lesser Himalayas of Garhwal"
355:
1195:
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on his enemies. The aged mother of one of the Indian co-authors of the report by Talent published by the
1084:
Devonian of the World: Proceedings of the 2nd
International Symposium on the Devonian System — Memoir 14
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671:"Graptolites from the Kashmir Himalayas, also a Note on the Discovery of Fossils in the Muth Quartzite"
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Palaeontology, Stratigraphy and
Structure of the Palaeozoic Rocks of the Area South-East of Srinagar
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Palaeontology, Stratigraphy and
Structure of the Palaeozoic Rocks of the Area South-East of Srinagar
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Erben, H. K. (1989). "Statement concerning a paper on Devonian allegedly Himalayan ammonoids".
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After retirement, Gupta focussed on environmental issues and wrote seven books on the subject.
284:, he reported in 1973 the discovery of the oldest (at the time) fish in India that belonged to
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Webster, Gary D. (2016). "An evaluation of the V. J. Gupta echinoderm papers, 1971–1989".
759:
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272:, Heinrich Karl Erben of the Institut für Paläontologie in Bonn, and K. J. Budurov of the
213:
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in Kashmir. He and Sahni published the first reports of fossils in 1964, the discovery of
1107:
Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy
1502:
338:
visited a road cut site in Nepal where Gupta had reported prolific numbers of Devonian
317:
1434:
Patnaik, Pratap R. (2015). "Scientific Misconduct in India: Causes and Perpetuation".
1340:"Scientific fraud, poor research and honest mistakes lead to thousands of retractions"
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1080:"The Devonian of Northern Gondwanaland: A Himalayan Viewpoint and Terrane Analysis"
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176:. He is reputed for research in the geological settings and fossil records of the
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168:, (1942—2022) was an Indian paleontologist and former professor of geology at
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896:"Vishwa Jit Gupta's Fraudulent Enterprise: Unanticipated Finale talent 1994"
828:"Palaeozoic stratigraphy of Kashmir, Kishtwar and Chamba (Panjab Himalayas)"
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In 1989, Gupta was exposed as a research fraudster by Australian geologist
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Ruffell, Alastair; Majury, Niall; Brooks, William E. (1 February 2012).
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485:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 September 2005. Archived from
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760:"Additional fossils from the lower palaeozoic of the Kashmir Himalaya"
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299:. In December 1990, the Panjab University received reports from the
1196:"Some Permian Conodonts from the Zewan Formation, Kashmir Himalaya"
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1676:"The Cambrian palaeontological record of the Indian subcontinent"
1031:
Gupta, V. J.; Rhodes, F. H. T.; Austin, R. L. (30 October 1967).
1303:
Talent, John A. (1989). "The case of the peripatetic fossils".
1157:"A late devonian ammonoid faunula from himachal pradesh, india"
597:
1194:
Budurov, K. J.; Gupta, V. J.; Kachroo, R. K. (1 August 1984).
1707:
Waterhouse, J. B. (1990). "The peripatetic fossils: Part 4".
1604:
Jit Gupta, Vishwa (1989). "The peripatetic fossils: Part 2".
1527:
Ruffell, Alastair; Majury, Niall; Brooks, William E. (2012).
221:
In 1966, Panjab University awarded him a Ph.D. on the thesis
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coauthored nine of Gupta's papers. With Susan Turner of the
1742:
Talent, John A. (1990). "The peripatetic fossils: Part 5".
903:
I.U.G.S. Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy Newsletter
419:"Journal club for Panjab University researchers likely"
1000:
Waterhouse, J. B.; Gupta, V. J. (1 September 1979).
718:"Lower Palaeozoic Fossils from the Kashmir Himalaya"
453:"Layers of dust years after 'Himalayan fossil hoax'"
236:'s Museum of Paleontology, Gerhard R. Fuchs of the
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30:
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219:Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India.
16:Indian paleontologist accused of scientific fraud
798:Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India
366:was hit and serious injured in a road accident.
794:"First record of fossils in the Muth Quartzite"
669:Sahni, M. R.; Gupta, V. J. (1 December 1964).
622:Sahni, M. R.; Gupta, V. J. (25 January 1964).
354:Gupta attempted to respond to the claims with
229:articles and five books on Himalayan geology.
8:
835:Verhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt
1103:"Late Palaeozoic Corals from the Himalayas"
920:Berry, William B. N.; Gupta, V. J. (1966).
1779:Journal of the Geological Society of India
1155:Gupta, V. J.; Erben, H. K. (1 June 1983).
961:"In retrospect chosen by Philippe Janvier"
20:
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922:"Monograptids from the Kashmir Himalayas"
624:"Graptolites in the Indian Sub-continent"
211:, and fossil assemblage in two papers in
1800:Thesis published under M.R. Sahni (1966)
1132:Gaździcki, Andrzej; Gupta, V.J. (1981).
1101:Kato, Makoto; Gupta, Vishwa Jit (1989).
1078:Brookfield, M. E.; Gupta, V. J. (1988).
184:, the case that came to be known as the
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1227:"Scientist Accused of Faking Findings"
1138:Bulletin - Geological Society of India
385:"Scientist Accused of Faking Findings"
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1225:Stevens, William K. (23 April 1989).
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550:Waterhouse, J. B. (25 January 1990).
483:"What happens to the Whistleblowers?"
383:Stevens, William K. (23 April 1989).
310:University Grants Commission of India
7:
1478:"Books authored by Vishwa Jit Gupta"
1364:Jayaraman, K. S. (1 February 1991).
1259:Gupta, V. J.; Turner, Susan (1973).
498:
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417:Chaman, Vishakha (28 October 2017).
758:Sahni, M. R.; Gupta, V. J. (1964).
716:Sahni, M. R.; Gupta, V. J. (1964).
86:Himalayan geology and fossil record
246:Museum of Natural History at Paris
234:University of California, Berkeley
14:
1338:Kenyon, Clare (14 October 2022).
1033:"Devonian Conodonts from Kashmir"
792:Sahni, M.R.; Gupta, V.J. (1964).
552:"The peripatetic fossils: part 4"
282:University of Newcastle upon Tyne
260:), Michael E. Brookfield of the
1693:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.004
1548:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.12.001
826:Fuchs, G.; Gupta, V.J. (1971).
521:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.12.001
451:Bharti, Vishav (3 April 2016).
248:, John Bruce Waterhouse of the
1825:20th-century Indian biologists
1436:Science and Engineering Ethics
252:, Frank H. T. Rhodes from the
1:
1835:Scientists from Punjab, India
1529:"Geological fakes and frauds"
505:"Geological fakes and frauds"
274:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
254:University College of Swansea
1641:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
1161:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
238:Geological Survey of Austria
1503:"Books by Vishwa Jit Gupta"
1200:Geological Society of India
1006:Geological Society of India
301:Geological Society of India
278:Washington State University
268:, Andrzej Gaździcki of the
264:in Ontario, Makoto Kato of
1866:
1840:Scientists from Chandigarh
1409:"The fraud of the century"
959:Janvier, Philippe (1997).
330:
270:Polish Academy of Sciences
1674:Hughes, Nigel C. (2016).
1583:10.1017/S002233600003331X
1448:10.1007/s11948-015-9677-6
1278:10.1017/S001675680003627X
151:
94:
1366:"Gupta faces suspension"
356:arguments from authority
250:University of Queensland
1571:Journal of Paleontology
926:Journal of Paleontology
1820:Indian paleontologists
1482:www.exoticindiaart.com
276:. Gary Webster at the
160:, alternatively spelt
1680:Earth-Science Reviews
1536:Earth-Science Reviews
894:Talent, John (1994).
509:Earth-Science Reviews
489:on 11 September 2005.
349:George Jennings Hinde
333:Himalayan fossil hoax
186:Himalayan fossil hoax
89:Himalayan fossil hoax
1507:www.gettextbooks.com
1261:"Oldest Indian Fish"
297:Macquarie University
262:University of Guelph
256:(later president of
1265:Geological Magazine
681:(4963): 1081–1082.
602:geology.puchd.ac.in
327:Research misconduct
266:Hokkaido University
192:of the Himalayas."
1653:10.1007/BF02989519
1415:. 15 February 1994
1231:The New York Times
1173:10.1007/BF03031752
423:The Times of India
389:The New York Times
364:Senckenberg Museum
320:benefits in 2002.
306:Ram Prakash Bambah
258:Cornell University
1850:Hoaxes in science
1815:Academic scandals
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314:Sikkim High Court
217:, and one in the
205:in two papers in
170:Panjab University
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120:Panjab University
96:Scientific career
77:Panjab University
44:Chandigarh, India
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