120:. The program started up in December 2005. The program was first created to work in a "non-aviation environment". Bad initial planning caused "strained relations" with local law enforcement. In July 2007 VIPR teams carried out controversial operations in several cities for the holiday weekend (see below). In June 2007 VIPR began working in "aviation environments". In 2007 TSA reported there had been 84 missions in 18 months; as of 2011 TSA was conducting about 8,000 VIPR operations per year. As of 2013 VIPR had an annual budget of $ 100 million and was growing rapidly.
28:
639:
The report also noted that TSA had failed to prepare a report on the "performance standards to measure the success of its VIPR teams in detecting and disrupting terrorism", as it had been directed to by
Congress previously. The committee also rejected the TSA's request for more funding for rail
600:
It especially discussed the controversial VIPR deployments on the weekend of July fourth in 2007. The TSA gave the local authorities short notice about the VIPR deployments, and did not consult them. This disrupted the plans that local authorities had created to deal with holiday traffic. Local
601:
transit officials had to work overtime accompanying VIPR teams unfamiliar with local systems such as rail stations; TSA did not reimburse local groups for overtime. TSA also compromised the anonymity, and thus safety, of Air
Marshals by requiring them to wear clothing identifying themselves as
656:, Georgia. The incident became controversial because instead of screening passengers as they boarded trainsāthe standard procedureāofficers were screening passengers as they were getting off trains, presumably after potential terrorists had detonated their explosives. According to
265:
596:
This report studies problems at VIPR. It "identified concerns regarding chain of command, unclear missions, and insufficient communication". It noted progress, but said those issues were "undermining agency efforts to advance mass transit security".
1458:
1428:
995:
Statement of John S. Pistole, Administrator, Transportation
Security Administration, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, And Craig Fugate Administrator Federal Emergency Management Agency U.S. Department of Homeland
662:
magazine, Amtrak Police Chief John O'Connor described the TSA behavior as illegal, in violation of Amtrak policy, and simply nonsensical. The incident led Amtrak to temporarily ban VIPR teams from Amtrak property.
1421:
979:
671:
Some TSA officials told the auditors that VIPR deployments were not always based on credible intelligence. The auditors said the VIPR teams might not have the required skills and information to do their jobs.
1793:
1986:
1414:
620:
This report focused on the role of
Surface Transportation Security Inspectors on VIPR teams. It pointed out that TSI's were "underutilized" and their contribution to the VIPR operations was unclear.
605:. VIPR deployments also caused tensions with transit officials and police unions. After these incidents, TSA tried to improve its communication, including setting up a Joint Coordination Center.
236:"To sort of invent the wheel in advance in case we have to, if there ever is specific intelligence requiring us to be here, this way us and our partners are ready to move in at a moments notice"
1033:
2050:
2065:
1571:
1609:
946:
TSA's
Security Screening Procedures for Employees at Orlando International Airport and the Feasibility of 100 Percent Employee Screening (Revised for Public Disclosure) (Redacted)
1394:
2084:
2080:
1633:
1528:
1968:
1816:
249:"Ship boarding and inspection; container/cargo inspection; port employee vehicle inspection checkpoints; and vehicle inspection checkpoints for truck and passenger vehicles"
1678:
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65:
which says that the program is to "augment the security of any mode of transportation at any location within the United States". Authority for the program is under the
716:
1132:
154:
Different sources provide different statements of purpose for the VIPR teams. Here are a few definitions given by various sources, most of them government officials:
2106:
1727:
1108:
143:
81:
2055:
1463:
632:
wrote a report in
September 2009 regarding the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. It included a section on VIPR. It specifically quoted from the two
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1991:
1962:
1437:
1337:
1092:
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2017:
686:
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2001:
1951:
1712:
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1111:, Anita Salem, Wendy Walsh, Lyla Englehorn, Maritime Information Sharing Taskforce, Dec 2010, via Defense Technical Information Center, retr May 2011
1891:
1883:
1751:
1717:
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1176:
VIPR Technology Used at
Greyhound Bus Terminal TPD partners with TSA and the Department of Homeland Security to Test Public Transportation Security
2074:
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1614:
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706:
52:
32:
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711:
73:. TSA OLE/FAMS shares responsibility for the program with the Office of Security Operations and Transportation Sector Network Management.
1386:, Channel 2, Marc Winne, Richard Belcher, Monica Pearson, and John Pruitt, in Douglas County, Georgia. Regarding trucks being stopped on
201:" seamlessly with local law enforcement to provide deterrent presence and detection capabilities, and an unpredictable layer of security"
1808:
1576:
1473:
1075:
883:
Testimony Before the
Subcommittee on Management, Investigations, and Oversight, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives
1940:
1700:
1619:
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1688:
1647:
57:
853:
146:
TSA moved some of its 37 VIPR teams from surface-transportation settings to airports, according to TSA Administrator John
Pistole.
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1205:
Three-Day
National Level Exercise Continues with Successful āRendering Safeā of Improvised Nuclear Device at Los Angeles Coliseum
289:
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1826:
1821:
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1843:
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132:
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204:"Highly visible operation to help detect and deter any suspicious or dangerous activity in various modes of transportation".
998:
Before the Committee on Homeland Security, United States House of Representatives May 4, 2011, retr May 2011 from house.gov
1861:
1581:
1504:
255:
X-ray trucks for "explosives, weapons, anything unusual", "radiation, explosives, and drugs". Perform "safety inspections"
55:
program. Various government sources have differing descriptions of VIPR's exact mission. It is specifically authorized by
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252:"VIPR teams are an essential part of protecting highway transportation vehicles and other critical infrastructures."
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TRAINS exclusive: Amtrak police chief bars Transportation Security Administration from some security operations
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17:
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207:"To covertly detect potential criminal terrorist pre-attack surveillance and other suspicious activity"
640:
inspectors because TSA had failed to hire people to fill its currently allocated inspector positions.
2026:
198:" create a calm atmosphere and sense of overall protection by their overt presence and coordination."
76:
The VIPR teams detain and search travelers at railroad stations, bus stations, ferries, car tunnels,
1163:, Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, retr May 2011
1096:
602:
80:, subways, truck weigh stations, rest areas, and special events. They also can deploy to deal with
1120:
781:
577:
93:
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1403:, Adam Ghassemi, Nashville News Channel 5, via ConservativeAlerts on Oct 24, 2011, youtube.com
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1204:
696:
681:
653:
189:
163:"Augment the security of any mode of transportation at any location within the United States."
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Atlanta, Channel 2 Action News, Marc Winne, Richard Belcher, Monica Pearson, John Pruitt, in
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described the VIPR exercises as "clearly a waste of scarce Federal Air Marshal resources."
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Video entitled TSA 'Viper' team makes appearance in Emeryville Thursday January 17, 2013
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217:"To patrol aviation, rail and marine facilities nationwide as a counterterrorism measure"
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820:
226:" to respond to a large-scale incident such as, a terrorist attack or natural disaster"
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Fisheries: Office of Law Enforcement
166:"These teams serve as a kind of force multiplier for transit agency security efforts."
2100:
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1365:, from the Savannah Amtrak station incident of 2011. From Youtube, retrieved May 2011
1109:
Ports of Delaware Bay, Industry and Public Sector Cooperation for Information Sharing
97:
264:
755:
6 U.S.C. Ā§ 1112 - Authorization of Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response teams
311:
Transportation Security Specialists: Explosives (formerly Bomb Appraisal Officers)
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weapons of mass destruction). They also inspect ships, containers, and vehicles.
61:
1338:
House Report 111-157 - DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY APPROPRIATIONS BILL, 2010
1093:
House Report 110-862 - DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY APPROPRIATIONS BILL, 2009
1061:
923:, By Sara Kehaulani Goo, with Richard Drezen, Washington Post, December 14, 2005
365:
Mobile drive-through x-ray detection machine, for explosives, weapons, and drugs
246:"Seek out illicit radiological sources that may present a threat to the public".
2056:
Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
1831:
1510:
1400:
573:
1372:, February 16, 2010 - ABC ActionNews Tampa, Bill Logan. Via YouTube, May 2011
1037:
223:"Enhance the coordination of local and federal agencies during an emergency"
27:
332:
Local law enforcement agencies (Highway Patrol, Fire Marshal, police, etc.)
188:" an increased visible deterrent force for all modes of transportation for
185:"Provide a random, announced, high-visibility surge into a transit agency"
608:
The report also mentions a letter in which the National President of the
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195:"Provid a visible, unpredictable presence in a mass transit environment."
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TSAās Administration and Coordination of Mass Transit Security Programs
882:
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In 2007 some Indianapolis bus passengers complained to representative
545:
FY2010: increase of $ 50 million, for 15 surface transport VIPR teams
1223:
811:, Jan 31, 2011, bulktransporter.com, Penton Media Inc, retr May 2011
769:, October 23, 2009 By Susan Jacobson, Orlando Sentinel, retr May 2011
649:
1263:
VIPR Teams Enhance Security at Major Local Transportation Facilities
1799:
National Wildlife Refuge System: Division of Refuge Law Enforcement
1370:
Homeland Security VIPER Teams Hit Tampa Florida Bus, Train Stations
948:, DHS Office of Inspector General, dhs.gov, Oct 2008, retr May 2011
169:"To develop the capability to enhance security outside of aviation"
263:
220:" interagency response tactics in the event of a terrorist attack"
26:
1958:
United States Merchant Marine Academy Department of Public Safety
854:
Ohio Guard participates in multi-state homeland security exercise
743:
Effectiveness of TSA's Surface Transportation Security Inspectors
648:
In early 2011, a TSA VIPR detained and patted down people at an
77:
1410:
1178:, Laura McElroy, Tampa Police, February 16, 2010, retr May 2011
885:, United States Government Accountability Office, July 23, 2009
136:
1265:, News & Happenings, June 20, 2007, tsa.gov retr May 2011
1401:
Tennessee VIPR TSA extension establishes Big Gov checkpoints
2066:
Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia
1133:
TSA conducts operation at West Palm Beach Tri-Rail station
1123:, Melissa McNamara, Dec. 14, 2005, CBS News, retr May 2011
1325:
by Dan Burton on October 3, 2007, house.gov retr May 2011
982:, Don Phillips, Trains.com, March 3, 2011, retr May 2011
644:
Screening of Passengers at Savannah Amtrak Station (2011)
2051:
Central Intelligence Agency: Security Protective Service
1076:"TSA May Make Special-Tactics Teams Fixture at Airports"
1058:
TSA tests capability of nuclear-detection devices at DIA
1936:
US Forest Service: Law Enforcement & Investigations
317:
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Special Agents
1195:, February 16, 2010, Bill Logan. Via Youtube, May 2011
2081:
Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services
1740:
Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service
1438:
Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
1340:, Sep 2009, Library of Congress THOMAS. Retr May 2011
1207:
FBI Los Angeles, May 18, 2010, fbi.gov, retr May 2011
1144:
TSA memo written by Patrick F. Sullivan, quoted in a
268:
VIPR team setting up a checkpoint at the Mississippi
71:
Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service
1794:
Fish and Wildlife Service: Office of Law Enforcement
1767:
Bureau of Land Management: Office of Law Enforcement
1034:"NFL wants pat-downs from ankles up at all stadiums"
624:
House Appropriations Committee Report 111-157 (2009)
123:
Notable special events they have worked include the
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
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By Dwayne Baird, TSA Weekly 02-16-09. retr May 2011
239:To detect "threats to national security as well as
1251:Screening of Passengers at Savannah Amtrak Station
856:, Douglas L. Melvin, 2010, ohio.gov, retr May 2011
794:Boise Welcomes Special Olympic World Winter Games
31:Coast Guard petty officers on a VIPR team at the
1987:Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives
1907:Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation
809:TSA VIPR inspection program targets truck fleets
717:United States Border Patrol Interior Checkpoints
584:was interested in attacking buses and that the "
1135:, 04/21/2011, By: WPTV Web Team, retr May 2011
1015:"T.S.A. Expands Duties Beyond Airport Security"
144:2013 Los Angeles International Airport shooting
41:Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response team
1333:
1331:
1422:
1253:, 2.26.2011, TSA Blog, tsa.gov retr May 2011
1220:Counter-Terror Operation Stops Trucks On I-20
782:FAMS in First-Ever N.Y. Tunnel VIPR Operation
745:, DHS Office of Inspector General, Feb 2009.
667:DHS Office of Inspector General report (2012)
616:DHS Office of Inspector General report (2009)
592:DHS Office of Inspector General report (2008)
8:
1572:Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division
1397:discussing the Savannah incident, early 2011
967:, DHS Office of Inspector General, June 2008
960:
958:
956:
954:
610:Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association
343:nuclear and radiological detection equipment
2018:U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System
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1238:
1236:
1156:
1154:
738:
736:
734:
732:
687:Freedom of movement under United States law
320:U.S. Customs and Border Protection Officers
2023:Marshal of the United States Supreme Court
1644:United States Food and Drug Administration
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286:Surface Transportation Security Inspectors
172:" agency resources during special events."
45:Visible Intermodal Protection and Response
18:Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response
1313:, Fiscal Year 2012, dhs.gov retr May 2011
1301:, Fiscal Year 2010, dhs.gov retr May 2011
1289:, Fiscal Year 2009, dhs.gov retr May 2011
1171:
1169:
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1892:Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
1674:Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers
1363:TSA harassing and searching a 9-year-old
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823:, April 21, 2010, tsa.gov, retr May 2011
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175:"Augment local law enforcement agencies"
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2107:Transportation Security Administration
1735:Transportation Security Administration
1486:Defense Criminal Investigative Service
921:Marshals To Patrol Land, Sea Transport
707:Transportation Security Administration
116:The GAO says VIPR was prompted by the
53:Transportation Security Administration
33:Portland International Marine Terminal
1969:Department of Veterans Affairs Police
1355:https://abc7news.com/archive/8957075/
692:Future Attribute Screening Technology
276:Personnel may include the following:
7:
1902:Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
1679:Citizenship and Immigration Services
1654:National Institutes of Health Police
712:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
542:FY2009: $ 30 million, 10 VIPR teams
2002:Government Publishing Office Police
1718:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
906:Building Security Force Multipliers
1620:Department of the Air Force Police
1032:McCarthy, Michael (Sep 15, 2011).
821:TSA and NYPD Screening Partnership
784:2007 Nov 1, tsa.gov, retr May 2011
767:TSA spot-checks Greyhound terminal
314:Transportation Security Inspectors
25:
1648:Office of Criminal Investigations
1529:Intelligence and Security Command
1277:, 3-2-2009, tsa.gov retr May 2011
1121:Air Marshals Expand Beyond Planes
1074:Jeff Plungis (17 December 2013).
576:that TSA searches violated their
301:Explosives Detection Canine Teams
1897:Bureau of Engraving and Printing
1610:Office of Special Investigations
1501:Pentagon Force Protection Agency
290:Transportation Security Officers
283:(including covert, plainclothes)
69:. The program falls under TSA's
2085:National Zoological Park Police
1947:Office of Secure Transportation
1827:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1822:Drug Enforcement Administration
1762:Bureau of Indian Affairs Police
1534:Criminal Investigation Division
1511:National Security Agency Police
1496:Defense Logistics Agency Police
757:, openjurist.org, retr May 2011
1992:Sergeant at Arms of the Senate
1844:United States Marshals Service
1567:Criminal Investigative Service
1161:Chem-Bio News 21 December 2009
630:House Appropriations Committee
568:2007 Indianapolis bus searches
133:Democratic National Convention
67:Secretary of Homeland Security
1:
1862:Bureau of Diplomatic Security
1701:Customs and Border Protection
1393:12 page discussion thread at
1997:United States Capitol Police
1723:United States Secret Service
1491:Department of Defense Police
1454:Office of Export Enforcement
1148:article on 12.14.2005, below
1013:Nixon, Ron (6 August 2013).
305:Aviation Security inspectors
1867:Diplomatic Security Service
1602:Department of the Air Force
871:TSA Weekly, Feb. 9-13, 2009
444:Behavior Detection Officers
339:Special tools may include
296:Behavior Detection Officers
2123:
1884:Department of the Treasury
1872:Office of Foreign Missions
1713:Federal Protective Service
1323:TSA bus passenger searches
555:15 surface transport teams
335:Joint Terrorism Task Force
118:2004 Madrid train bombings
2071:Postal Inspection Service
1912:United States Mint Police
1839:Federal Bureau of Prisons
1787:United States Park Police
1684:United States Coast Guard
1636:Health and Human Services
1481:
346:long range camera systems
308:Federal Security Director
212:Terrorism and emergencies
125:Presidential Inauguration
2046:Amtrak Police Department
873:, tsa.gov, retr May 2011
558:12 new multi-modal teams
362:Coast Guard patrol boats
1228:Douglas County, Georgia
984:(subscription required)
908:, tsa.gov retr May 2011
628:The U.S. Congress
398:Transp. Sec. Inspectors
370:VIPR team capabilities
359:reconnaissance aircraft
2061:Federal Reserve Police
1979:United States Congress
1559:Department of the Navy
1544:Army Department Police
1521:Department of the Army
1446:Department of Commerce
702:Project Hostile Intent
636:reports listed above.
580:. Burton replied that
548:FY2012: $ 109 million
273:
180:Presence and detection
36:
1809:Department of Justice
1777:National Park Service
1689:Investigative Service
1539:Military Police Corps
1474:Department of Defense
1099:THOMAS, Retr May 2011
634:DHS Inspector General
588:" was still ongoing.
421:Transp. Sec. Officers
267:
30:
2039:enforcement agencies
2027:Supreme Court Police
1592:Naval Academy Police
1311:Budget in Brief, DHS
1299:Budget in Brief, DHS
1287:Budget in Brief, DHS
1230:, September 29, 2010
1193:ABC ActionNews Tampa
603:Federal Air Marshals
467:Federal Air Marshals
390:Explosives Detection
329:National Guard units
281:Federal air marshals
1923:department agencies
1854:Department of State
1587:Marine Corps Police
1549:Corrections Command
1097:Library of Congress
371:
2075:U.S. Postal Police
1728:Uniformed Division
1694:Coast Guard Police
1464:Office of Security
1382:2011-08-24 at the
1019:The New York Times
578:unalienable rights
384:Domain Familiarity
381:Behavior Detection
369:
356:emergency vehicles
323:U.S. Border Patrol
274:
139:games and others.
37:
2094:
2093:
2037:Other federal law
1772:Hoover Dam Police
1666:Homeland Security
1628:
1627:
1060:By Jeffrey Leib,
697:Non-Detention Act
682:Backscatter X-ray
552:10 aviation teams
535:
534:
190:homeland security
16:(Redirected from
2114:
1964:Veterans Affairs
1921:Other executive
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1368:Video entitled "
1361:Video entitled "
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270:Port of Gulfport
129:Special Olympics
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231:Miscellaneous
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1754:the Interior
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1095:, Sep 2008,
1088:
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1053:
1041:. Retrieved
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490:Canine teams
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158:Augmentation
157:
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141:
122:
115:
75:
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44:
43:, sometimes
40:
38:
1931:Agriculture
1582:Navy Police
1375:Video from
1062:Denver Post
1043:October 26,
652:station in
470:no (covert)
292:(Screeners)
98:radioactive
62:Ā§ 1112
1832:FBI Police
1275:TSA Weekly
723:References
574:Dan Burton
393:Screening
378:Visibility
260:Components
243:violators"
142:After the
94:biological
1038:USA Today
563:Criticism
106:explosive
2101:Category
1380:Archived
996:Security
676:See also
654:Savannah
90:chemical
58:6 U.S.C.
1782:Rangers
150:Purpose
112:History
102:nuclear
51:) is a
35:, Maine
1942:Energy
1390:, 2010
1224:WSB-TV
659:Trains
650:Amtrak
538:Budget
272:, 2009
131:, the
127:, the
104:, and
60:
375:group
82:CBRNE
78:ports
1045:2011
519:some
496:some
476:some
462:yes
453:some
439:yes
430:some
427:some
404:some
49:VIPR
531:no
525:yes
522:yes
516:yes
508:no
505:yes
499:yes
493:yes
485:no
479:yes
473:yes
450:yes
447:yes
424:yes
416:no
407:yes
401:yes
137:NFL
86:WMD
2103::
1967::
1956::
1945::
1934::
1330:^
1235:^
1222:,
1212:^
1183:^
1168:^
1153:^
1078:.
1036:.
1017:.
1003:^
972:^
953:^
928:^
913:^
890:^
861:^
828:^
801:^
774:^
731:^
528:no
502:no
482:no
459:no
456:no
436:no
433:no
413:no
410:no
192:."
135:,
100:,
96:,
92:,
39:A
2087:)
2083:(
2077:)
2073:(
2029:)
2025:(
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1646:(
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1503:(
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1082:.
1047:.
1021:.
353:)
88:(
84:/
47:(
20:)
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