591:
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78:
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1650:
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The family can be conveniently though perhaps inaccurately categorised by genus as the true vireos, the greenlets, the shrike-vireos and the peppershrikes. Preliminary genetic studies by
Johnson et al. revealed large interspecific genetic distances between clades within
567:. Furthermore, some vireo and greenlet species may be closer to the peppershrikes than to their respective congeners. A more comprehensive study may reveal this family to be considerably undersplit at both the generic and species level.
453:
The nests of many tropical species are unknown. Of those that are known, all build a cup-shaped nest that hangs from branches. The female does most of the incubation, spelled by the male except in the red-eyed vireo complex.
424:
365:. Members of the family seldom fly long distances except in migration. They inhabit forest environments, with different species preferring forest canopies, undergrowth, or
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1902:
1837:
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The resident species occur in pairs or family groups that maintain territories all year (except Hutton's vireo, which joins
1404:
1889:
1014:
819:
541:
shrike-babblers, but apparently no-one suspected the biogeographically unlikely possibility of vireo relatives in Asia.
388:). Most of the migrants defend winter territories against conspecifics. The exceptions are the complex comprising the
946:
712:
1759:
778:
639:
630:
385:
77:
1816:
1696:
796:
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621:
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1907:
437:
Males of most species are persistent singers. Songs are usually rather simple, monotonous in some species of the
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743:
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60:
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1785:
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1969:
1597:
Barker, F. Keith; Cibois, Alice; Schikler, Peter A.; Feinstein, Julie & Cracraft, Joel (2004):
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264:
237:
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318:
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have appeared on the eastern side of the
Atlantic as vagrants to the Western Palearctic.
1824:
1811:
1545:
1319:
1265:
1150:
1076:
891:
602:
442:
389:
362:
310:
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They are typically dull-plumaged and greenish in color, the smaller species resembling
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1963:
1521:
1283:
1112:
1085:
1021:
401:
346:
342:
295:
220:
31:
680:
537:
members of this family. Observers have commented on the vireo-like behaviour of the
412:
52:
1777:
1598:
1042:
771:
727:
326:
322:
1639:
1435:
1894:
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1373:
1364:
1328:
1211:
1132:
1103:
953:
921:
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563:
314:
213:
206:
192:
1649:
1184:
826:
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551:
523:
475:
199:
171:
1735:
1642:
information, including 33 species with videos and 40 with photographs at the
1798:
1614:
719:
557:
534:
509:
Vireonidae, and are believed to be related to the crow-like birds in family
467:
438:
279:
272:
185:
129:
89:
1621:
441:
littoral and islands, and most elaborate and pleasant to human ears in the
17:
1729:
687:
529:
514:
510:
366:
178:
109:
1520:
Salaman, Paul & Barlow, Jon C. 2003. Vireos. Pp. 478–479 in;
1500:
495:
350:
1569:
Reddy, Sushma & Cracraft, Joel (2007): Old World Shrike-babblers (
1855:
463:
354:
287:
99:
1842:
1706:
1803:
502:
485:
411:
291:
282:(Canada to Argentina, including Bermuda and the West Indies) and
275:
119:
1710:
1599:"Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation."
345:. Thirteen species of true vireos occur farther north, in the
246:
30:
This article is about the bird family. For the bird genus, see
1790:
294:
word referring to a green migratory bird, perhaps the female
470:. They take prey from leaves and branches; true vireos also
309:
apart from their heavier bills. They range in size from the
286:. The family contains 62 species and is divided into eight
252:
249:
255:
462:
All members of the family eat some fruit but mostly
243:
1719:
420:is described as a whistled phrase with the rhythm
240:
1434:
517:. Recent biochemical studies have identified two
1690:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "
1470:Forshaw, Joseph & Parkes, Kenneth C. 1991.
555:of a similar magnitude to differences between
1573:) belong with New World Vireos (Vireonidae).
478:takes 5 percent of its prey from the ground.
8:
1406:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1675:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "
1707:
404:, which winter in small wandering flocks.
321:, all at around 10 cm and 8g, to the
51:
42:
574:
1565:
1563:
1395:
1474:p. 209. Merehurst Press, London.
1685:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
1575:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1466:
1464:
7:
1830:bf1fc498-fdf5-4c19-a9d6-bbc8603c2610
1455:participating institution membership
1409:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
25:
1526:The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
1664:The New Student's Reference Work
1648:
1472:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds,
1013:
945:
913:
818:
755:
711:
679:
589:
236:
76:
494:(Vireo griseus bermudianus) in
1682:New International Encyclopedia
1:
329:at up to 17 cm and 40g.
1587:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.023
1528:. Firefly Books, Oxford.
779:Chestnut-sided shrike-vireo
701:or white-bellied "yuhina",
640:White-browed shrike-babbler
631:Black-headed shrike-babbler
505:of these birds make up the
372:A few species in the genus
271:, of small to medium-sized
1991:
797:Yellow-browed shrike-vireo
735:Rufous-browed peppershrike
622:Black-eared shrike-babbler
571:Species in taxonomic order
513:and the shrikes in family
418:rufous-browed peppershrike
337:Most species are found in
29:
1442:Oxford English Dictionary
1403:Jobling, James A (2010).
996:Pachysylvia aurantiifrons
926:Slager & Klicka, 2014
842:Hylophilus amaurocephalus
806:Slaty-capped shrike-vireo
744:Black-billed peppershrike
167:
162:
73:Scientific classification
71:
59:
50:
45:
1644:Internet Bird Collection
937:Tunchiornis ochraceiceps
617:Pteruthius xanthochlorus
333:Distribution and habitat
1697:The American Cyclopædia
1615:10.1073/pnas.0401892101
1447:Oxford University Press
1171:The "eye-ringed" group.
1069:(sometimes included in
1005:Pachysylvia semibrunnea
992:Golden-fronted greenlet
987:Pachysylvia muscicapina
905:Hylophilus semicinereus
847:Rufous-crowned greenlet
783:Vireolanius melitophrys
667:Trilling shrike-babbler
658:Clicking shrike-babbler
445:and the peppershrikes.
427:Do you wash every week?
1625:Supporting information
978:Pachysylvia hypoxantha
933:Tawny-crowned greenlet
883:Lemon-chested greenlet
878:Hylophilus brunneiceps
792:Vireolanius pulchellus
747:Cyclarhis nigrirostris
699:White-bellied erpornis
662:Pteruthius intermedius
653:Pteruthius flaviscapis
498:
434:
36:Vireo (disambiguation)
34:. For other uses, see
1975:Birds of the Americas
1929:Paleobiology Database
1653:Texts on Wikisource:
1194:Yellow-throated vireo
1095:Black-whiskered vireo
1001:Rufous-naped greenlet
983:Buff-cheeked greenlet
974:Dusky-capped greenlet
969:Pachysylvia decurtata
901:Grey-chested greenlet
887:Hylophilus thoracicus
874:Brown-headed greenlet
869:Hylophilus pectoralis
851:Hylophilus poicilotis
671:Pteruthius aenobarbus
635:Pteruthius rufiventer
489:
415:
398:black-whiskered vireo
61:Yellow-throated vireo
1825:Fauna Europaea (new)
1546:"Western Palearctic"
1146:Vireo philadelphicus
1117:Vireo gracilirostris
865:Ashy-headed greenlet
860:Hylophilus olivaceus
810:Vireolanius leucotis
739:Cyclarhis gujanensis
703:Erpornis zantholeuca
644:Pteruthius aeralatus
626:Pteruthius melanotis
613:Green shrike-babbler
386:mixed feeding flocks
1640:Vireos (Vireonidae)
1609:(30): 11040-11045.
1445:(Online ed.).
1315:Vireo crassirostris
1248:Blue Mountain vireo
1203:Yellow-winged vireo
896:Hylophilus flavipes
856:Olivaceous greenlet
801:Vireolanius eximius
649:Pied shrike-babbler
357:; of these all but
300:European greenfinch
1356:Black-capped vireo
1347:Puerto Rican vireo
1311:Thick-billed vireo
1160:Brown-capped vireo
1142:Philadelphia vireo
1067:Vireo flavoviridis
1063:Yellow-green vireo
1047:Vireo hypochryseus
1028:, the true vireos.
838:Grey-eyed greenlet
788:Green shrike-vireo
499:
435:
394:yellow-green vireo
1957:
1956:
1916:Open Tree of Life
1713:Taxon identifiers
1453:(Subscription or
1420:978-1-4081-2501-4
1387:
1386:
1378:Vireo brevipennis
1360:Vireo atricapilla
1279:Vireo approximans
1275:Providencia vireo
1257:Flat-billed vireo
1221:Blue-headed vireo
229:
228:
158:
16:(Redirected from
1982:
1950:
1949:
1937:
1936:
1924:
1923:
1911:
1910:
1898:
1897:
1895:NBNSYS0000161251
1885:
1884:
1872:
1871:
1859:
1858:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1820:
1819:
1807:
1806:
1794:
1793:
1781:
1780:
1768:
1767:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1708:
1701:
1686:
1668:
1652:
1627:
1595:
1589:
1581:(3): 1352–1357.
1567:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1542:
1536:
1518:
1503:
1492:White-eyed vireo
1488:
1482:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1438:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1400:
1333:Vireo gundlachii
1302:White-eyed vireo
1293:San Andres vireo
1225:Vireo solitarius
1198:Vireo flavifrons
1164:Vireo leucophrys
1099:Vireo altiloquus
1027:
1017:
959:
949:
927:
917:
832:
822:
769:
759:
725:
715:
693:
683:
607:
593:
575:
492:white-eyed vireo
433:
432:
431:
429:
416:The song of the
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
153:
81:
80:
65:Vireo flavifrons
55:
43:
21:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1906:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1880:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1828:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1715:
1689:
1671:
1656:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1596:
1592:
1568:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1519:
1506:
1497:Audubon Society
1489:
1485:
1469:
1462:
1452:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1297:Vireo caribaeus
1239:Plumbeous vireo
1081:Vireo olivaceus
1025:
965:Lesser greenlet
958:Bonaparte, 1850
957:
925:
830:
768:Bonaparte, 1850
767:
723:
691:
605:
603:shrike-babblers
573:
533:) which may be
484:
460:
451:
425:
423:
422:
421:
410:
382:
335:
319:lesser greenlet
298:, possibly the
290:. "Vireo" is a
239:
235:
152:
75:
39:
28:
27:Family of birds
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1938:
1925:
1912:
1899:
1886:
1873:
1860:
1847:
1834:
1821:
1812:Fauna Europaea
1808:
1795:
1782:
1769:
1756:
1741:
1725:
1723:
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1711:
1705:
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1634:External links
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1351:Vireo latimeri
1344:
1335:
1326:
1324:Vireo modestus
1320:Jamaican vireo
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1266:Mangrove vireo
1263:
1254:
1245:
1243:Vireo plumbeus
1236:
1234:Vireo cassinii
1230:Cassin's vireo
1227:
1218:
1209:
1207:Vireo carmioli
1200:
1191:
1189:Vireo vicinior
1182:
1176:Hutton's vireo
1168:
1167:
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1151:Warbling vireo
1148:
1139:
1137:Vireo sclateri
1121:
1120:
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1110:
1101:
1092:
1090:Vireo magister
1083:
1077:Red-eyed vireo
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1026:Vieillot, 1808
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892:Scrub greenlet
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831:Temminck, 1822
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606:Swainson, 1832
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585:
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579:
572:
569:
483:
480:
459:
456:
450:
447:
409:
406:
390:red-eyed vireo
381:
378:
359:Hutton's vireo
339:Middle America
334:
331:
284:Southeast Asia
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226:
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1673:Gilman, D. C.
1670:
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1637:
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1572:
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1538:
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1534:1-55297-777-3
1531:
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1389:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:Vireo nelsoni
1366:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Vireo griseus
1303:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:Cozumel vireo
1282:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:Vireo pallens
1267:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:Vireo osburni
1249:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:Vireo masteri
1213:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Vireo huttoni
1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Noronha vireo
1111:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:Yucatan vireo
1084:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
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1064:
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1059:
1057:
1052:
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1023:
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1011:
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1002:
999:
997:
993:
990:
988:
984:
981:
979:
975:
972:
970:
966:
963:
962:
961:
956:
955:
951:
948:
944:
943:
938:
934:
931:
930:
929:
924:
923:
919:
916:
912:
911:
906:
902:
899:
897:
893:
890:
888:
884:
881:
879:
875:
872:
870:
866:
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861:
857:
854:
852:
848:
845:
843:
839:
836:
835:
834:
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828:
824:
821:
817:
816:
811:
807:
804:
802:
798:
795:
793:
789:
786:
784:
780:
777:
776:
775:
773:
772:shrike-vireos
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1550:. Retrieved
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1338:Bell's vireo
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1288:Vireo bairdi
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1155:Vireo gilvus
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1071:V. olivaceus
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1043:Golden vireo
1036:hypochryseus
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40:
1851:iNaturalist
1745:Wikispecies
1552:27 February
1522:Perrins, C.
1374:Slaty vireo
1365:Dwarf vireo
1329:Cuban vireo
1261:Vireo nanus
1212:Choco vireo
1133:Tepui vireo
1108:Vireo chivi
1104:Chivi vireo
954:Pachysylvia
922:Tunchiornis
764:Vireolanius
564:Vireolanius
482:Systematics
443:Chocó vireo
315:dwarf vireo
311:Chocó vireo
214:Pachysylvia
207:Tunchiornis
193:Vireolanius
1970:Vireonidae
1964:Categories
1751:Vireonidae
1721:Vireonidae
1571:Pteruthius
1457:required.)
1390:References
1185:Gray vireo
1056:olivaceous
827:Hylophilus
598:Pteruthius
552:Hylophilus
539:Pteruthius
524:Pteruthius
476:gray vireo
474:, and the
468:arthropods
466:and other
400:, and the
269:Vireonidae
263:make up a
200:Hylophilus
172:Pteruthius
150:Vireonidae
140:Orioloidea
18:Vireonidae
1548:. Avibase
720:Cyclarhis
558:Cyclarhis
535:Old World
439:Caribbean
380:Behaviour
363:migratory
280:New World
273:passerine
186:Cyclarhis
96:Kingdom:
90:Eukaryota
1730:Wikidata
1622:15263073
1128:" group.
1058:" group.
688:Erpornis
584:Species
530:Erpornis
521:genera (
515:Laniidae
511:Corvidae
501:The six
472:flycatch
449:Breeding
369:swamps.
367:mangrove
179:Erpornis
155:Swainson
146:Family:
110:Chordata
106:Phylum:
100:Animalia
86:Domain:
1736:Q748220
1667:. 1914.
1501:Bermuda
1436:"Vireo"
1038:" group
519:babbler
496:Bermuda
464:insects
458:Feeding
351:Bermuda
163:Genera
126:Order:
116:Class:
46:Vireos
1947:414920
1934:368485
1921:604017
1882:178988
1869:104236
1804:1VIREF
1620:
1532:
1478:
1417:
1126:gilvus
770:, the
726:, the
507:family
503:genera
396:, the
392:, the
355:Canada
288:genera
265:family
233:vireos
157:, 1837
1942:WoRMS
1908:28731
1864:IRMNG
1856:17354
1817:16698
1778:626RC
1692:Vireo
1677:Vireo
1659:Vireo
1451:
1124:The "
1054:The "
1034:The "
1022:Vireo
581:Genus
578:Image
547:Vireo
408:Voice
374:Vireo
292:Latin
276:birds
221:Vireo
1903:NCBI
1877:ITIS
1843:9358
1838:GBIF
1799:EPPO
1791:1598
1765:1202
1760:BOLD
1618:PMID
1603:PNAS
1554:2017
1530:ISBN
1524:ed.
1476:ISBN
1415:ISBN
561:and
549:and
527:and
361:are
353:and
325:and
317:and
231:The
120:Aves
1890:NBN
1786:EoL
1773:CoL
1694:".
1679:".
1661:".
1611:doi
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