236:, a suggestion which never made it out of committee onto the Convention floor. The reformers lost on almost every issue. Nevertheless, even with the exaggerated Virginia Senate representation apportioning the delegates in favor of the status quo, the three most important roll calls were close. The "white" population basis of apportioning the General Assembly failed by two votes. The extension of the vote to all free white males failed by two votes. When the popular election of governor passed on its first vote, it failed on reconsideration. The divisions which would lead to West Virginia's split were evident. Regardless of the various ideologies represented or delegate political affiliation, the final vote 55 for the proposed Constitution to 40 against was along an east-west divide. Only one delegate voted yes from west of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
225:, a judge on the Virginia General Court, spoke for conservatives when he asserted that there "is a majority of interest as well as a majority in number". Because both persons and property were the "elements of society", majority rule by the people alone was not an equitable solution. "Those who have the greatest stake in the Government… have the greatest share of power in the administration of it." Lawyer John R. Cooke, a veteran of the War of 1812 countered that delegates must base the Constitution and legislative representation on the wishes of citizens, "the white population… to the people" for its authority, not only the wealthy, not to sectional slave-holding interests, and "not to the supposed rights of the counties."
2473:
322:
243:
177:
counting whites and slaves equally to favor the slave-holding eastern counties. After several
General Assembly sessions with close votes for calling a convention, in 1828, the Assembly allowed for a statewide ballot for "Convention", "Neutral" or "No Convention". It passed by 56.8 percent, with most convention support coming from west of the Blue Ridge Mountains northwest to the Ohio River. But the easterners in the State Senate had stacked the deck in their favor, by apportioning the delegates by four per Senate district, producing a group of men which was more wealthy and more conservative than the House of Delegates.
297:
261:
173:
convention ten times. The House of
Delegates passed a bill twice, but the conservative eastern planter majority in the Virginia Senate killed both measures. Continuing growth in the western parts of the state led to another fifteen years of agitation. Several counties in the Eastern Shore, northern Piedmont and western counties began opening polls for direct expression from the voters for a constitutional convention; eventually there were twenty-eight such counties calling for reform.
279:
131:
28:
332:
Some malapportionment in the
General Assembly was eased relative to the majority of voters and white population in the Valley in the House of Delegates, but nothing for the transmontane west. Some suffrage restrictions were modified to include long term leaseholders and male heads of household. The
344:
who called for the convention in the first place. The "triumph of traditionalism" largely maintained traditional malapportionment preserving slaveowners’ disproportionate political power. This contributed to western
Virginia counties’ later secession and formation of West Virginia led by Doddridge
218:
advanced his view with a petition from the freeholders of
Richmond which observed that, "Virtue, intelligence, are not among the products of the soil. Attachment to property, often a sordid sentiment, is not to be confounded with the sacred flame of patriots." Any white male who had served in the
180:
The last "gathering of giants" from the
Revolutionary generation included former presidents James Madison and James Monroe, and sitting Chief Justice John Marshall. But three generations were represented among those who would serve in public office including three presidents, seven U.S. Senators,
176:
Malapportionment in the
Assembly was seen as "an usurpation of the minority over the majority" by the slave owning eastern aristocracy. Partisans argued for apportionment by white population, versus "federal numbers" combining white population with three-fifths slaves, versus the existing system
172:
Almost immediately, the
Constitution of 1776 was recognized as flawed both for its restriction of the suffrage by property requirements, and for its malapportionment favoring the smaller eastern counties. Between 1801 and 1813, petitioners called on the Assembly to initiate a constitutional
357:
The delegates to the
Convention of were elected in May and June, 1829. Each of the 24 senatorial districts sent four delegates to the convention, for a total of 96 members. Three districts elected another delegate to replace a vacant seat.
190:
208:
as its new presiding officer. Barbour was a former
Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, a sitting federal district judge, and a future Justice on the Supreme Court. Conservatives among the Old Republicans such as
213:
feared any change from the Founders' 1776 Constitution would lead to an ideological anarchy of "wild abstractions" imposed by egalitarian "French Jacobins" through "this maggot of innovation". In answer,
242:
159:
106:
296:
2939:
181:
fifteen U.S. Representatives and four governors. The other delegates to the Convention were sitting judges or members of the Virginia General Assembly.
110:
1541:
1343:
2472:
2924:
1490:
341:
114:
2892:
2838:
2819:
2800:
2069:
308:
233:
228:
Reformers' efforts to adopt direct popular election of the Governor were defeated in favor of continuing election by the General Assembly.
89:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2911:. Samuel Shepherd & Co. for Ritchie & Cook 1830 Richmond online from the archives of the University of Virginia at archive.org
321:
260:
94:
152:
1561:
1514:
1388:
1348:
2365:
2346:
2325:
2216:
2194:
1991:
1928:
1627:
1549:
2260:
2237:
1530:
1471:
1410:
692:
118:
2508:
City of Williamsburg, Charles City, Elizabeth City, James City, City of Richmond, Henrico, New Kent, Warwick and York
278:
2969:
1846:
1822:
1452:
1204:
1183:
1162:
1094:
567:
548:
1972:
1535:
1495:
1431:
1327:
1051:
1026:
917:
859:
840:
821:
800:
776:
755:
145:
340:
that emphasize it as the "last gathering of giants." This approach typically omits names of the western reformers like
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2157:
2139:
2117:
1648:
1622:
750:
471:
449:
431:
2304:
2281:
1951:
1693:
1672:
1369:
902:
735:
716:
631:
204:
of Loudoun its presiding officer. On December 8, Monroe withdrew due to failing health, and the Convention elected
78:
2949:
2944:
2934:
2929:
2096:
2074:
2052:
2030:
2011:
1867:
1447:
1303:
1266:
1199:
1140:
1007:
986:
393:
303:
229:
219:
War of 1812 or who would serve in the militia in there future defense of the country deserved the right to vote.
2451:
2432:
2411:
2389:
1886:
1714:
1606:
1584:
1284:
1247:
1135:
671:
652:
626:
607:
526:
249:
210:
17:
2770:
1800:
1778:
1757:
1733:
1228:
2427:
1907:
586:
508:
489:
325:
1923:
877:
711:
647:
2831:
The Constitutional Conventions of Virginia from the foundation of the Commonwealth to the present time
2563:
2320:
412:
2788:
2255:
99:
68:
2869:
2736:
1157:
1116:
1111:
1073:
938:
687:
337:
84:
54:
2888:
2834:
2815:
2796:
2776:
2406:
1862:
1773:
1709:
1688:
1364:
1178:
967:
943:
922:
882:
346:
205:
193:
2861:
2728:
2299:
1902:
1223:
771:
602:
2538:
King George, Westmoreland, Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond, Stafford and Prince William
2112:
2006:
1967:
1667:
1643:
1601:
1579:
1002:
135:
200:
The Convention met from October 5, 1829 – January 15, 1830, and elected former president
2908:
2341:
1817:
1046:
816:
285:
222:
2918:
2873:
2740:
2276:
2091:
1752:
1322:
1068:
962:
795:
267:
215:
35:
809:
U.S. Representative, U.S. District Judge, Secretary of State, Secretary of the Navy
2384:
1426:
201:
2882:
2232:
27:
2884:
Democratizing the Old Dominion: Virginia and the Second Party System, 1824–1861
2716:
2476:
Approximate districts for the convention. Each district had 4 representatives.
1841:
1089:
46:
2850:"Reclaiming Congressman Philip Doddridge from Tidewater Cultural Imperialism"
2717:"Reclaiming Congressman Philip Doddridge from Tidewater Cultural Imperialism"
2511:
Amelia, Chesterfield, Cumberland, Nottoway, Powhatan and Town of Petersburg
2865:
2732:
50:
2780:
2849:
189:
2499:
Sussex, Surry, Southampton, Isle of Wight, Prince George, Greensville
336:
Historical accounts of the convention often relay interpretations of
2793:
Virginia's American Revolution: from Dominion to Republic, 1776-1840
2517:
Monroe, Greenbriar, Bath, Botetourt, Alleghany, Pocahontas, Nicholas
2909:
Proceedings and Debates of the Virginia State Convention of 1829–30
320:
188:
26:
2520:
Kanawha, Mason, Cabell, Randolph, Harrison, Lewis, Wood and Logan
2812:
Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: a history of Virginia, 1607-2007
1792:
Elected Presiding Officer after Monroe resigned the office
2535:
King William, King and Queen, Essex, Caroline and Hanover
2480:
Districts are numbered as follows for the table and map:
2505:
Mathews, Middlesex, Accomack, Northampton and Gloucester
2502:
Norfolk, Princess Anne, Nansemond and Borough of Norfolk
333:
Constitution of 1830 was a "triumph of traditionalism."
1150:
Judge of the Virginia General Court and Circuit Court
2854:
West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies
2721:
West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies
2529:Albemarle, Amherst, Nelson, Fluvanna and Goochland
2496:Brunswick, Dinwiddie, Lunenburg, and Mecklenburg
328:at Richmond VA, where Convention of 1829–30 met
43:Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830
18:Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830
153:
8:
2484:Washington, Lee, Scott, Russell and Tazewell
697:President of the Upper Appomattox Canal Co.
32:The Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1830
2523:Ohio, Tyler, Brooke, Monongalia and Preston
57:from October 5, 1829, to January 15, 1830.
1061:Secretary of the Navy; Secretary of State
360:
160:
146:
64:
2532:Spotsylvania, Louisa, Orange, and Madison
2490:Franklin, Patrick, Henry and Pittsylvania
2471:
232:, Thomas Jefferson's grandson, proposed
45:was a constitutional convention for the
2575:
238:
67:
1594:Justice of the Virginia Supreme Court
1056:Justice of the Virginia General Court
2547:Hampshire, Hardy, Berkeley and Morgan
2493:Charlotte, Halifax, and Prince Edward
7:
2487:Wythe, Montgomery, Grayson and Giles
2245:Brigadier General, Virginia Militia
1121:Judge of the Virginia General Court
721:Brigadier General, Virginia Militia
661:Judge of the Virginia General Court
2940:American constitutional conventions
1679:U.S. Senator; Governor of Virginia
2775:. Doubleday, Doran & Company.
1789:Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
638:U.S. Senator; U.S. Representative
25:
2848:Richards, Samuel J. (Fall 2019).
2715:Richards, Samuel J. (Fall 2019).
1540:Ordained minister, leader of the
2887:. University of Virginia Press.
2814:. University of Virginia Press.
2514:Campbell, Buckingham and Bedford
1589:Major General, Virginia Militia
295:
277:
259:
241:
129:
2769:Andrews, Matthew Page (1937).
2702:
2678:
2526:Augusta, Rockbridge, Pendleton
1:
2925:Political history of Virginia
2810:Heinemann, Ronald L. (2008).
2829:Pulliam, David Loyd (1901).
2753:
2666:
2654:
2618:
2606:
2986:
2881:Shade, William G. (1996).
2833:. John T. West, Richmond.
2772:Virginia, the Old Dominion
2754:Pulliam 1901, p. 67, 70–72
2690:
2642:
2630:
2594:
2582:
61:Background and composition
2965:1830 in the United States
2960:1830 in American politics
2955:1829 in American politics
2544:Shenandoah and Rockingham
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1548:Founder and president of
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230:Thomas Jefferson Randolph
2401:First Presiding Officer
211:John Randolph of Roanoke
2550:Frederick and Jefferson
1812:Died without attending
2477:
2396:President of the U.S.
1764:President of the U.S.
1104:President of the U.S.
564:Benjamin W. S. Cabell
329:
197:
38:
2866:10.1353/wvh.2019.0019
2733:10.1353/wvh.2019.0019
2541:Fauquier and Culpeper
2475:
2448:Richard H. Henderson
1786:Speaker of the House
892:Governor of Virginia
878:Littleton W. Tazewell
732:George C. Groomgoole
712:William Henry Brodnax
324:
192:
30:
2970:1829 in American law
2564:Virginia Conventions
2416:U.S. Representative
2311:U.S. Representative
2016:U.S. Representative
1979:U.S. Representative
1914:U.S. Representative
1872:U.S. Representative
1851:U.S. Representative
1783:U.S. District Judge
1698:U.S. Representative
1657:U.S. Representative
1632:U.S. Representative
1500:U.S. Representative
1355:U.S. Representative
1336:U.S. Representative
1171:U.S. Representative
1014:U.S. Representative
972:U.S. Representative
837:Augustine Claiborne
826:U.S. Representative
785:U.S. Representative
762:U.S. Representative
616:U.S. Representative
309:gradual emancipation
234:gradual emancipation
2795:. Lexington Books.
2789:Gutzman, Kevin R.C.
2553:Loudoun and Fairfax
2428:William H. Fitzhugh
2362:Thomas Griggs, Jr.
1730:Thomas Massie, Jr.
1558:Eugenius M. Wilson
1542:Disciples of Christ
1078:U.S. Chief Justice
196:, presiding officer
136:Virginia portal
117: •
113: •
109: •
90:American Revolution
69:History of Virginia
2478:
2370:Assembly Delegate
2242:Assembly Delegate
2213:William Donaldson
2199:Assembly Delegate
2162:Assembly Delegate
2079:Assembly Delegate
2057:Assembly Delegate
1924:William A. G. Dade
1891:Assembly Delegate
1805:Assembly Delegate
1738:Assembly Delegate
1719:Assembly Delegate
1580:Briscoe G. Baldwin
1531:Alexander Campbell
1511:Charles S. Morgan
1476:Assembly Delegate
1457:Assembly Delegate
1436:Assembly Delegate
1281:Callowhill Mennis
1158:John Winston Jones
1112:Philip N. Nicholas
1031:Assembly Delegate
991:Assembly Delegate
948:Assembly Delegate
939:Hugh Blair Grigsby
845:Virginia Delegate
688:Richard N. Venable
531:Assembly Delegate
454:Assembly Delegate
417:Assembly Delegate
398:Assembly Delegate
330:
304:Thomas J. Randolph
198:
185:Meeting and debate
85:Colony of Virginia
39:
2894:978-0-8139-1654-5
2840:978-1-2879-2059-5
2821:978-0-8139-2769-5
2802:978-0-7391-2131-3
2465:
2464:
2437:Assembly Senator
2407:Charles F. Mercer
2248:Assembly Senator
2221:Assembly Senator
2154:William Anderson
2136:Jacob Williamson
2122:Assembly Senator
2101:Virginia Justice
2035:Assembly Senator
1958:Assembly Senator
1933:Assembly Senator
1863:William P. Taylor
1827:Virginia Justice
1774:Philip P. Barbour
1710:Lucas P. Thompson
1689:William F. Gordon
1611:Assembly Senator
1519:Assembly Senator
1415:Assembly Senator
1393:Assembly Senator
1374:Assembly Senator
1365:Fleming B. Miller
1308:Assembly Senator
1252:Assembly Senator
1244:William Campbell
1209:Assembly Senator
1179:Benjamin W. Leigh
1145:Assembly Senator
983:Thomas R. Joynes
676:Assembly Senator
591:Assembly Senator
572:Assembly Senator
553:Assembly Senator
494:Assembly Senator
347:Waitman T. Willey
206:Philip P. Barbour
194:Philip P. Barbour
170:
169:
107:African-Americans
16:(Redirected from
2977:
2950:1830 conferences
2945:1829 conferences
2935:1830 in Virginia
2930:1829 in Virginia
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2300:Alfred H. Powell
2256:Philip Pendleton
1903:James M. Garnett
1491:Philip Doddridge
1407:Edwin S. Duncan
1224:William B. Giles
918:Robert B. Taylor
772:William O. Goode
603:Archibald Stuart
523:William Oglesby
505:John P. Mathews
428:Edward Campbell
409:Andrew McMilian
361:
342:Philip Doddridge
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134:
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65:
21:
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2748:
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2677:
2673:
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2641:
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2613:
2605:
2601:
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2581:
2577:
2572:
2560:
2470:
2321:Hierome L. Opie
2191:William Naylor
2173:Samuel Coffman
2113:Peachy Harrison
2086:(1830 session)
2070:Thomas Marshall
2064:(1829 session)
2007:John S. Barbour
1968:John Taliaferro
1948:Ellyson Currie
1883:Richard Morris
1668:James Pleasants
1644:Samuel M. Moore
1602:Chapman Johnson
1550:Bethany College
1300:James Saunders
1263:Samuel Claytor
1136:John B. Clopton
1023:Calvin H. Read
1003:Thomas M. Bayly
968:Norfolk Borough
944:Norfolk Borough
923:Norfolk Borough
899:Joseph Prentis
883:Norfolk Borough
486:Henley Chapman
390:John B. George
379:Future Offices
376:Former Offices
373:Current Office
355:
338:Hugh B. Grigsby
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2903:External links
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1047:Abel P. Upshur
1044:
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888:
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880:
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871:
870:
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864:
862:
857:
856:John Urquhart
853:
852:
850:
848:
846:
843:
838:
834:
833:
831:
829:
827:
824:
819:
817:James Trezvant
813:
812:
810:
807:
805:
803:
798:
793:
789:
788:
786:
783:
781:
779:
774:
768:
767:
765:
763:
760:
758:
753:
751:Mark Alexander
747:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
733:
729:
728:
726:
724:
722:
719:
714:
709:
705:
704:
702:
700:
698:
695:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
677:
674:
669:
668:Richard Logan
665:
664:
662:
659:
657:
655:
650:
644:
643:
641:
639:
636:
634:
629:
624:
620:
619:
617:
614:
612:
610:
605:
599:
598:
596:
594:
592:
589:
584:
583:Joseph Martin
580:
579:
577:
575:
573:
570:
565:
561:
560:
558:
556:
554:
551:
546:
545:George Townes
543:
539:
538:
536:
534:
532:
529:
524:
520:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
506:
502:
501:
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492:
487:
483:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
469:
466:
462:
461:
459:
457:
455:
452:
447:
446:William Byars
443:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
429:
425:
424:
422:
420:
418:
415:
410:
406:
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371:
368:
365:
354:
351:
318:
315:
314:
313:
302:
301:
294:
292:
286:Abel P. Upshur
284:
283:
276:
274:
266:
265:
258:
256:
248:
247:
240:
223:Abel P. Upshur
186:
183:
168:
167:
165:
164:
157:
150:
142:
139:
138:
125:
124:
123:
122:
102:
100:Post–Civil War
97:
95:U.S. Civil War
92:
87:
82:
72:
71:
62:
59:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2982:
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2896:
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2863:
2859:
2855:
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2836:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2790:
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2782:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2750:
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2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2621:, p. 163, 165
2620:
2615:
2612:
2609:, p. 163, 165
2608:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2579:
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2569:
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2513:
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2376:
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2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2355:U.S. Senator
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
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2329:
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2278:
2277:John R. Cooke
2275:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2250:
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2230:
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2220:
2218:
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2208:
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2201:
2198:
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2178:
2175:
2172:
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2168:
2166:
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2161:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:John W. Green
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1895:
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1890:
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1869:
1866:
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1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:David Watson
1796:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:James Madison
1751:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1721:
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1700:
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1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:William McCoy
1621:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Lewis Summers
1446:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:William Smith
1342:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Andrew Beirne
1321:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1200:Samuel Taylor
1198:
1197:
1194:
1192:U.S. Senator
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:Richmond City
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1099:U.S. Senator
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:Richmond City
1072:
1070:
1069:John Marshall
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
982:
981:
978:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
963:George Loyall
961:
957:
954:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
901:
898:
897:
894:
891:
889:
887:U.S. Senator
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
872:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
858:
855:
854:
851:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
836:
835:
832:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
811:
808:
806:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:John Y. Mason
794:
790:
787:
784:
782:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
734:
731:
730:
727:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
706:
703:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:Prince Edward
691:
689:
686:
685:
682:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
667:
666:
663:
660:
658:
656:
654:
651:
649:
648:William Leigh
646:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
633:
630:
628:
627:John Randolph
625:
621:
618:
615:
613:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
582:
581:
578:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
563:
562:
559:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
544:
540:
537:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
522:
521:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
507:
504:
503:
500:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
485:
484:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
470:
468:Gordon Cloyd
467:
463:
460:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
445:
444:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
430:
427:
426:
423:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
408:
407:
404:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
389:
385:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
362:
359:
352:
350:
348:
343:
339:
334:
327:
323:
316:
310:
305:
298:
293:
287:
280:
275:
269:
268:John Marshall
262:
257:
251:
250:John Randolph
244:
239:
237:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
217:
216:John Marshall
212:
207:
203:
195:
191:
184:
182:
178:
174:
163:
158:
156:
151:
149:
144:
143:
141:
140:
137:
127:
126:
121:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
80:
76:
75:
74:
73:
70:
66:
60:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
36:George Catlin
33:
29:
19:
2883:
2857:
2853:
2830:
2811:
2792:
2771:
2763:Bibliography
2749:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2681:, p. 173–174
2674:
2667:Andrews 1937
2662:
2655:Gutzman 2007
2650:
2638:
2626:
2619:Gutzman 2007
2614:
2607:Gutzman 2007
2602:
2590:
2578:
2479:
2385:James Monroe
2049:John Macrae
1847:King William
1823:Spotsylvania
1427:John Laidley
1385:John Baxter
1205:Chesterfield
1184:Chesterfield
1163:Chesterfield
1095:Charles City
568:Pittsylvania
356:
335:
331:
289:Conservative
253:Conservative
227:
221:
202:James Monroe
199:
179:
175:
171:
105:
77:
42:
40:
31:
2860:(2): 1–26.
2633:, pp. 65–66
2265:U.S. Judge
2233:Elisha Boyd
2027:John Scott
1973:King George
1052:Northampton
1027:Northampton
860:Southampton
841:Greensville
822:Southampton
801:Southampton
777:Mechlenburg
756:Mecklenburg
549:Cheserfield
2919:Categories
2781:B0006E942K
2727:(1): 4–5.
2691:Shade 1996
2643:Shade 1996
2631:Shade 1996
2597:, p. 62–64
2595:Shade 1996
2585:, p. 57–61
2583:Shade 1996
2570:References
2177:Shenandoah
2158:Shenandoah
2140:Rockingham
2118:Rockingham
1842:John Roane
1649:Rockbridge
1562:Monongalia
1515:Monongalia
1389:Pocahontas
1349:Greenbrier
1090:John Tyler
472:Montgomery
450:Washington
432:Washington
53:, held in
2874:211648744
2741:211648744
2468:Districts
2366:Jefferson
2347:Jefferson
2336:Resigned
2326:Jefferson
2305:Frederick
2282:Frederick
2217:Hampshire
2195:Hampshire
1952:Lancaster
1694:Albemarle
1673:Goochland
1628:Pendleton
1468:Adam See
1370:Botetourt
1295:Resigned
1233:Governor
933:Resigned
903:Nansemond
736:Brunswick
717:Dinwiddie
632:Charlotte
367:Delegate
364:District
353:Delegates
2791:(2007).
2705:, p. 173
2669:, p. 430
2657:, p. 188
2645:, pp. 65
2558:See also
2261:Berkeley
2238:Berkeley
2097:Culpeper
2075:Fauquier
2053:Fauquier
2031:Fauquier
2012:Culpeper
1868:Caroline
1472:Randolph
1411:Harrison
1304:Campbell
1267:Campbell
1141:New Kent
1008:Accomack
987:Accomack
394:Tazewell
345:protégé
317:Outcomes
271:Reformer
115:Politics
104:Topics:
55:Richmond
51:Virginia
2693:, p. 64
2452:Loudoun
2433:Fairfax
2412:Loudoun
2390:Loudoun
1887:Hanover
1715:Amherst
1607:Augusta
1585:Augusta
1453:Kanawha
1285:Bedford
1248:Bedford
672:Halifax
653:Halifax
608:Patrick
527:Grayson
370:County
326:Capitol
119:Slavery
79:By year
2891:
2872:
2837:
2818:
2799:
2779:
2739:
1801:Louisa
1779:Orange
1758:Orange
1734:Nelson
1536:Brooke
1496:Brooke
1432:Cabell
1328:Monroe
1229:Amelia
382:Notes
111:Cities
2870:S2CID
2737:S2CID
1940:Died
1908:Essex
1038:Died
587:Henry
509:Wythe
490:Giles
47:state
34:, by
2889:ISBN
2835:ISBN
2816:ISBN
2797:ISBN
2777:ASIN
307:for
41:The
2862:doi
2729:doi
2381:24
2296:23
2210:22
2133:21
2046:20
1945:19
1838:18
1749:17
1664:16
1576:15
1487:14
1404:13
1319:12
1220:11
1132:10
413:Lee
49:of
2921::
2868:.
2858:13
2856:.
2852:.
2735:.
2725:13
2723:.
2719:.
1043:9
959:8
874:7
792:6
708:5
623:4
542:3
465:2
387:1
349:.
2897:.
2876:.
2864::
2843:.
2824:.
2805:.
2783:.
2743:.
2731::
161:e
154:t
147:v
20:)
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