92:. During this time, she had the opportunity to spend most of her time in the field studying well samples, driller's logs, and fossil collections. Her first published work, "Stratigraphy of North Dakota" came as a result of the experience she acquired. This work collected data form many samples in and around North Dakota to create a geologic history of the state. Kline had a distinguished career working in her field of study for a number of companies in the Tri-State area of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky during 1940. These companies included Michigan Oil Exploration, Chapman Minerals Corporation and Sohio Producing Company, where she worked as the only geologist for all three during the depression. During this time she became familiarized with the stratigraphic characteristics of the area, and proficient in tasks relating to sample studying and well-sitting. In 1941 she undertook consulting work in Lansing, Michigan, while simultaneously studying for her library sciences degree, eventually working briefly as the librarian for the Civil Engineering School at the University of Michigan. The following year, she accepted a position at the University of Mississippi as associate professor of geology in the Department of Geology, in addition to becoming an assistant geologist within the Mississippi Geological Survey. This position granted her the opportunity to co-author "Geology of
162:
fieldwork, which was uncommon for women at the time where even women professors advocated against office or laboratory work. Kline's contributions are highlighted by the fact that not only was she a woman in a field dominated by men at the time, she was also the only geologist for three companies at the same time, and eventually earned enough respect to author her own work, and eventually came to be the sole author on reports put out by the
Illinois Geological Survey.
71:
121:
that science and specifically geology was still evolving during her time. This work also highlights the connection to the concept that science is an ongoing process of understanding knowledge that develops alongside new discoveries and ideas. Historically speaking, many amendments have been made in the name of science to fit newly available data, as illustrated by Ehlers' and Kline's work in correcting previous interpretations of strata, using
129:. The consequence of which revamps the fossil index of the area, which in turn dictates to companies that are invested in drilling a new approach in looking for areas to commit resources, but also challenging the established thoughts on the history of the area. As Kline's career continued she became heavily involved within the field of petroleum geology and more importantly
62:, and she obtained her Master's degree in June 1933, followed by her Doctor of Philosophy degree in geology in June, 1935 for her thesis entitled "Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Silica Formation (Hamilton Age) of Southeastern Michigan". She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in library sciences several years later in May 1942.
104:" which collects data form several hundred core samples throughout the Mississippi in 1942. This data was used to catalog the types of microfossils found in the clay; which is useful for geology because they can be used to date the clay layer where they are found allowing different layers to be correlated across long distances.
161:
Earning a doctorate in earth sciences was a considerable accomplishment considering that between 1920–1970 women obtained less than 4 percent of all doctorates awarded in this field. Furthering the advancement of how women were perceived in geology, a majority of Kline's career was heavily focused on
120:
During her college days, Kline co-authored the publication titled "Revision of
Alexander Winchell's Types of Brachiopods from the Middle Devonian Traverse Group of Rocks of Michigan." This publication was an integral piece of literature illustrating the role that women played in geology and showed
107:
In 1943, during World War II, Kline became assistant petroleum analyst in the
Chicago Office of Petroleum Administration. In November 1944 she accepted a position at the Illinois State Geological Survey as an Associate Geologist in the Oil and Gas section, where she worked for fourteen years until
74:
A geologic map of North Dakota from "Stratigraphy of North Dakota", that Kline produced while working for the North Dakota
Geological Survey. The data for this map was collected from Klines own feild work, historical data and additional work form Howard E. Simpson, Frank C. Foley, Frederick W.
171:'Revision of Alexander Winchell's Types of Brachiopods from the Middle Devonian Traverse Group of Rocks in Michigan', G.M. Ehlers and V. H. Kline, Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Vol. IV, No. 10, Jan. 15 1934
183:
Joint author with A. H. Bell printed in 'Transactions of the
American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers', reprinted in the 'Illinois Petroleum Survey' for years 1944 - 1953
262:
153:, a topic that had only briefly been explored, showing again that science is an evolving process, created through the assimilation of new discoveries and existing understanding.
392:
382:
149:
within the state. Nearing the end of her time at the
University of Mississippi, Kline co-authored another important publication on describing and illustrating
186:
Co-author with A. H. Bell when
Illinois Geological Survey issued its annual report on the oil and gas industry in Illinois in its bulletin series, 1954 - 1957
367:
387:
362:
326:
174:'Stratigraphy of North Dakota' - Bulletin of American Association of Petroleum and Geology, Vol. 26, No.3, pp 336–79, March 1942
177:'Clay County Fossils - Midway Foraminifera and Ostracoda', V. Kline, Mississippi Geological Survey Bulletin 53, Pt. 3, 1943
287:
Bell, Alfred Hannam; Kline, Virginia H; Swann, David H. (1952). "Oil and gas development in
Illinois during 1950".
138:
85:
51:
93:
108:
her death in 1959, making many contributions to the knowledge of geology. In 1946, she became a member of the
46:
to father Ray Kline and mother Abbie Young Kline on July 14, 1910. She attended high school and college in
55:
343:
377:
372:
146:
59:
189:
Principal author of monthly oil and gas drilling report, published by
Illinois Geological Survey
70:
322:
150:
47:
43:
318:
311:
356:
122:
130:
126:
97:
89:
81:
27:
137:
indexing. In 1942, while working as an associate professor and geologist at the
180:
Series of annual reports (1944 - 1957) on oil and gas developments in
Illinois
142:
31:
23:
101:
50:, Michigan and eventually received her Bachelor of Science degree from
134:
109:
232:
230:
228:
226:
211:
Oros, Margaret (1959). "Memorial to Virginia Harriet Kline".
239:
Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists
213:
Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists
317:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp.
237:
Kline, Virginia H. (1942). "Stratigraphy of North Dakota".
263:"Clay County fossils: Midway foraminifera and ostracoda"
54:
in June 1931. Her undergraduate was completed at the
96:", writing the section "Clay County Fossils: Midway
84:in 1937, for the North Dakota Geological Survey in
310:
141:, Kline conducted an extensive summary of the
256:
254:
252:
8:
270:Mississippi State Geological Survey Bulletin
22:(July 14, 1910 – February 5, 1959) was a
80:Kline started her career as a temporary
75:Voediseh, A. G. Leonard and C. J. Hares.
69:
198:
393:20th-century American women scientists
34:who was heavily focused on fieldwork.
313:Women of Science: Righting the Record
7:
383:People from Midland County, Michigan
304:
302:
206:
204:
202:
166:Publications and professional works
344:"AAPG Non-Technical and Memorials"
14:
368:20th-century American geologists
1:
388:University of Michigan alumni
261:Kline, Virginia H. (1943).
42:Virginia Kline was born in
16:Stratigrapher and geologist
409:
342:Oros, Margaret O. (1960).
363:American women geologists
139:University of Mississippi
157:Contributions to science
94:Clay County, Mississippi
38:Early life and education
309:Kass-Simon, G. (1990).
116:Applications of science
20:Virginia Harriett Kline
76:
56:University of Michigan
52:Michigan State College
147:Geological formations
73:
145:and distribution of
289:Illinois Petroleum
77:
44:Coleman, Michigan
400:
348:
347:
339:
333:
332:
316:
306:
297:
296:
284:
278:
277:
267:
258:
247:
246:
234:
221:
220:
208:
408:
407:
403:
402:
401:
399:
398:
397:
353:
352:
351:
341:
340:
336:
329:
308:
307:
300:
286:
285:
281:
265:
260:
259:
250:
236:
235:
224:
210:
209:
200:
196:
168:
159:
118:
79:
68:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
406:
404:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
355:
354:
350:
349:
334:
327:
298:
279:
248:
222:
197:
195:
192:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
167:
164:
158:
155:
117:
114:
67:
64:
39:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
405:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
358:
345:
338:
335:
330:
328:0-253-20813-0
324:
320:
315:
314:
305:
303:
299:
294:
290:
283:
280:
275:
271:
264:
257:
255:
253:
249:
244:
240:
233:
231:
229:
227:
223:
218:
214:
207:
205:
203:
199:
193:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
165:
163:
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
115:
113:
111:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:stratigrapher
72:
65:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
35:
33:
29:
28:stratigrapher
25:
21:
337:
312:
292:
288:
282:
273:
269:
242:
238:
216:
212:
160:
151:microfossils
131:stratigraphy
127:stratigraphy
125:'s rules of
119:
106:
98:Foraminifera
90:North Dakota
78:
41:
19:
18:
378:1959 deaths
373:1910 births
86:Grand Forks
357:Categories
245:: 336–379.
219:: 113–114.
194:References
143:lithology
102:Ostracoda
60:Ann Arbor
32:librarian
24:geologist
295:: 1–46.
276:: 5–95.
48:Lansing
325:
135:fossil
66:Career
30:, and
266:(PDF)
123:Steno
323:ISBN
133:and
110:AAPG
100:and
359::
321:.
319:64
301:^
293:64
291:.
274:53
272:.
268:.
251:^
243:26
241:.
225:^
217:44
215:.
201:^
112:.
88:,
58:,
26:,
346:.
331:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
