415:, like Willey, an Unconditional Unionist, stressed that western Virginians were committed to slavery as "essential to American liberty." But he would not run away from devotion to the Union. "This government that we are called upon to destroy has never brought us anything but good. No injury has it ever inflicted on us. No act has ever been put upon the statute book of our common country, interfering with the institution of slavery in any shape, manner or form, that was not put there by and with the consent of the slave-holding States of this Union". If Virginia joined the Confederacy, the North would no longer be bound by the Constitution to stand by slavery and slave-holding states, and it would join with the British Empire to extinguish slavery everywhere. Thomas Jefferson's grandson,
436:
liberty". The three branches of government, with their
Constitutional checks and balances, protect against "encroachment upon the liberties of the minority of the people or upon the rights of the States." And even with the withdrawal of Southern delegations, the remaining Republican majority passed a Constitutional Amendment for ratification prohibiting the Federal Government to interfere with slavery in the states in any respect. "...the great masses of people, leaving out the politicians and fanatics of both sections, have this day an earnest yearning for each other, and for peace and Union with each other…" Baldwin sought a conference of border states to adopt the Peace Convention recommendations that he believed would cause the Confederate states to separately return to the Union.
477:
455:, including 3,500 Virginians to restore Federal property taken in the South by force. Unionists sought to delay any military action on secession that would violate Virginia's neutrality until the people's referendum approved it, as mandated in the Assembly's call to the convention. But the Unionist bloc lost its Conditional Unionist faction with the Lincoln requisition of troops. The new secessionist majority resolved the convention into a secret session on April 16. Unionists warned that precipitating secession and war would lead to Northern support of abolition and the end of slavery in Virginia. The next day, former Governor
488:
slave-holding states." Two days after the secession resolution and a month before the referendum, the
Confederate flag was raised over Virginia's capitol building, a delegation was sent to vote in the Confederate Congress, state militias were activated, and a Confederate army was invited to occupy Richmond. While the ballots from Unionist counties were lost, the total referendum votes counted numbered more than that of the 1860 presidential election by including men voting viva voce aloud in Confederate army camps, approving secession by 128,884 to 32,134.
235:, who believed that the South had the right as a "section" of states, to require a "concurrent majority" between themselves and the national majority to choose a U.S. president. Without a majority of Southern Electoral College votes, they believed themselves competent to nullify a constitutional election. If not constitutionally yet, then as a matter of fairness and in defense of their slave-based civilization when faced with a Republican (Whig) presidency with Abolitionist political allies.
373:
warring upon the fifteen States of the South." He questioned whether slavery could be safe with Black
Republicans taking over all branches of the Federal Government. The Union was already dissolved, and Virginia would surely go with her Southern brethren. If the Confederacy "give us the post of danger, they will also give us the post of honor. They want our statesmen; they want our military; they want the material arm of Virginia to sustain ourselves and them in the great struggles ."
253:
narrowly under at 49.5%, and
Arkansas at 46.9%. The divided South gave the secessionists pause in Congress. Despite an uncovered plot to assassinate Lincoln on his way to Washington, on the appointed day, a joint session of Congress chaired by Vice President John C. Breckinridge, with Southern state delegations present, certified the Electoral College vote choosing Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was duly inaugurated under an armed guard commanded by Virginian General
249:, a sitting U.S. Senator from Illinois, carried two states. He carried only one from the South, Missouri, with 9 Electoral College votes. Douglas was the only candidate to campaign in person in both sections of the country. He had staked out a position for armed resistance to secession in the campaign's final days at his "Norfolk (Virginia) Doctrine". It was repeated on the stump in North Carolina and telegraphed across the country to every major newspaper.
5592:
278:, commissioner from South Carolina, insisted that when the North voted for Lincoln, it decreed annihilation of white Southerners, who must act in self-defense, and Virginia should lead the Southern host in an independent Confederacy. His speech brought the convention to a standing ovation, but only a third of the delegates were for immediate secession. The Conditional Unionists awaited some overt act of aggression from Lincoln before deciding to secede.
343:
289:
325:
5805:
129:
307:
448:, the most influential delegate, tried to move the convention into a "Spontaneous Southern Rights Convention" to install a secessionist government in Virginia immediately. Still, on April 4, almost two-thirds of the convention voted against secession. A three-person delegation was sent to consult with Lincoln, who had resolved to protect Federal property in the South.
270:
convention, the
Confederate Congress sent three commissioners to address the convened delegates in the first week of the meeting. Fulton Anderson, a commissioner from Mississippi, warned that the Republican Party, now in control of the United States government, intended "the ultimate extinction of slavery and the degradation of the Southern people."
424:
But "Let go with us into a
Southern Confederacy, and receive protection from Northern industry, and they will be what they ought to be—the manufacturers and miners of a great nation." We should go into the Confederacy, "we are told it will bring war. On the contrary it will tend to avert war…Neutrality is impossible and would be dishonorable."
30:
487:
The
Virginia Secession Ordinance was to "repeal the ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America, by the State of Virginia." That Constitution had been "perverted to their injury and oppression…not only to the injury of the people of Virginia, but to the oppression of the Southern
404:
answered Morton with a
Unionist speech. He defended Virginia's institutions from those seeking to abolish slavery. Still, he sought to bring Virginia's "oppressors to acknowledge those errors and to redress her grievances. ... The remedy proposed by gentlemen on the other side is secession, there is
423:
lawyer, made a secessionist speech, observing that although the
Republicans had captured the United States Government "in strict accordance with Constitutional forms", it was merely sectional. "The Government, then…is constitutionally revolutionized, and requires a counter-revolution to restore it."
549:
The one hundred and fifty-two delegates to the
Virginia Secession Convention of 1861 were elected in 1861 from House of Delegate districts. The vote for secession failed on April 4. Following Lincoln's call up of militia to retake federal property and call on Virginia to contribute, the conditional
372:
made an early speech for secession. The abolitionists' fanaticism was "inculcated in the Northern mind and ingrained in the Northern heart, so that you may make any compromise you please, and still, until you can unlearn and unteach the people, we shall find no peace…for thirty years they have been
252:
In the November 1860 South, Union sentiment was a majority in seven states, with over 50% for Bell and Douglas combined. They included Missouri at 70.8%, Kentucky at 62.7%, Tennessee at 55.4%, Louisiana at 55.1%, Virginia at 54.3%, Maryland at 51.5%, Georgia at 51.2%, and two others, North Carolina
269:
its presiding officer. The majority initially voted to remain in the Union but stayed in session awaiting events. Conditional Unionists objected to Lincoln's call for state quotas to suppress the rebellion and switched from their earlier Unionist vote to secession on April 17. At the outset of the
467:
at Norfolk. Wise, who had participated as the second in a fatal duel in 1838 in which a U.S. Representative from Maine was killed, drew his horse pistol at the podium and waved it in the air as his speech progressed. Wise intended to persuade the recalcitrant small enslavers from the Piedmont and
443:
was the first Unionist to break away into the secessionist camp. While "resolutely protecting slave labor", he supported encouraging manufacturing and commercial interests in Virginia. He asked what would do more to promote Virginia's growth, participation "in a hostile confederacy in which your
188:
In January 1861, the Virginia Assembly called a special convention for the sole purpose of considering secession from the United States. Following an election on February 4, 1861, the counties and cities returned a convention of delegates amounting to about one-third for secession and two-thirds
363:
At first, the speeches were mixed between Secessionists advocating leaving the Union, Conditional Unionists holding onto the patriotism of earlier times, and Unconditional Unionists insisting that secession was bad policy and unlawful. In the second week of the convention debate on February 28,
435:
made a Unionist speech, beginning with a defense that "African slavery, as it exists in Virginia, is a right and a good thing". But he believed that the idea that the election of someone to the Presidency could justify secession "as a direct assault upon the fundamental principles of American
4664:
and the Ohio River. The Border States were Delaware (sometimes included as "North" by its colonial roots in Pennsylvania), Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, and Missouri. The Middle South was North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas. The Deep South was South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama,
468:
Valley who had previously voted to remain in the Union with his words and deeds. Most of the Convention's Conditional Unionists then joined the secessionist camp, and the resolution for Virginia to secede passed 88–55, with nine delegates not voting after the Henry Wise remonstrance.
405:
no constitutional right of secession". He warned that secession would bring about war, taxes, and the abolition of slavery in Virginia. As long as Virginia stayed in the Union, the "wandering" states of the Confederacy might return to the United States.
444:
power will be but 11 out of 150 , or in a friendly confederacy where it will be 21 out of 89 ?" In the South was a government to join "in full working order, strong, powerful and efficient". Along with a number of secessionist speakers, former governor
4882:
Records indicates James W. Brown, James A. Brown and W.J. Brown were among the 14 men representing Preston County, although Leonard's official Virginia volume indicates only 6 men represented that county in the Wheeling convention, including John J.
4703:
Addresses delivered before the Virginia state convention by Hon. Fulton Anderson, commissioner from Mississippi, Hon. Henry L. Benning, commissioner from Georgia, and Hon. John S. Preston, commissioner from South Carolina, February
534:, who had represented Kanawha County several times in the Virginia General Assembly as well as the 27th and 28 Congresses before becoming a judge, also resigned and was succeeded by Andrew Parks.
510:
in May, although others had actually attended that convention (which later led to West Virginia statehood). On election day, October 24, 1861, five Preston County men in a Confederate camp in
231:
Secessionists in the South were variously both majorities and minorities in their state legislatures. They were influenced by the late political philosopher and South Carolinian U.S. Senator
5467:
274:, commissioner from Georgia, explained that Georgia had seceded because "a separation from the North was the only thing that could prevent the abolition of her slavery." The Virginia-born
193:. But the Unionists were divided between those labeled Conditional Unionists who would favor Virginia in the Union only if Lincoln made no move at coercion. Those who would then be called
5668:
5244:
5391:
245:, the former Whig U.S. Senator from Tennessee. He won three southern states with 39 Electoral College votes from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. The Unionist Northern Democrat
5855:
5526:
55:, govern the state during a state of emergency, and write a new Constitution for Virginia, which was subsequently voted down in a referendum under the Confederate Government.
5703:
5494:
5551:
4893:
5628:
5576:
204:
in the campaigning for the 1860 election for U.S. President. Secessionists walked out of the national Democratic Party convention in Charleston and then again in
157:
104:
238:
Within the 1860 South, there were sixteen states, those memorialized on the Secessionist banner above the Charleston, South Carolina Secessionist Convention.
5475:
5456:
5237:
5830:
5498:
5850:
5541:
5536:
4620:
530:(both of whom attended the May and July 1861 Wheeling Convention sessions) to represent them at the Constitutional Convention in Wheeling. Unionist
452:
225:
108:
5581:
5445:
5360:
5230:
212:. Having divided the once majority Congressional party, Breckinridge won Electoral College votes in seven Deep South states. With the addition of
4929:"How Virginia Convention delegates voted on secession, April 4 and April 17, 1861, and Whether They Signed a Copy of the Ordinance of Secession"
5835:
112:
5277:
5063:
5041:
5022:
4636:
5424:
5307:
2475:
324:
342:
5459:
5381:
4640:
87:
5216:
4873:
5171:
5125:
5100:
476:
221:
217:
213:
92:
48:
5521:
4998:
4632:
4628:
4624:
1679:
150:
4092:
3399:
3042:
173:'s presidential election reflected the nation's sectional divide. Before his inauguration, Secessionist assembly majorities in the
4531:
2454:
944:
818:
459:
announced that he had set the "wheels of revolution" against the U.S. Government in motion with loyal Virginians seizing both the
5322:
4928:
2806:
2785:
1842:
881:
511:
401:
242:
1973:
396:
to constitutionally guarantee Congress would not interfere with slavery in the states where it currently existed. That same day
5663:
5350:
4644:
4297:
3541:
3226:
2302:
2239:
2218:
1968:
1947:
1506:
1485:
1464:
5448:
5253:
5179:
5150:
4108:
3625:
3520:
3499:
3478:
2659:
2155:
2073:
2052:
918:
897:
288:
116:
5546:
5483:
5340:
5292:
4897:
4526:
4402:
4381:
4066:
3772:
3751:
3646:
3604:
3331:
3310:
3289:
2974:
2953:
2344:
2281:
2260:
2176:
2078:
1989:
1590:
1296:
1254:
1149:
1002:
813:
503:
178:
5613:
4960:
4863:
Cynthia Miller Leonard, Virginia General Assembly 1619–1978 (Richmond: Virginia State Library 1978) pp. 476 and note, 490
5297:
5092:
4423:
4255:
4213:
4150:
4129:
4045:
3583:
3058:
2890:
2848:
2827:
2743:
2722:
2638:
2617:
1884:
1758:
1128:
1023:
538:
143:
5167:
5142:
4360:
4339:
4318:
4234:
4003:
3982:
3898:
3877:
3856:
3835:
3814:
3352:
2869:
2680:
2449:
2428:
2197:
2031:
1779:
1107:
939:
731:
181:
if Lincoln won the election. Virginia was deeply divided over whether to join them, as were the eight states in the
5608:
5561:
5531:
5267:
4507:
4465:
3142:
3121:
3079:
2911:
2764:
2701:
2533:
2365:
1800:
1716:
1695:
1443:
1275:
1044:
981:
960:
668:
626:
605:
412:
306:
76:
52:
4682:
promoted in Virginia's Richmond Convention. Newspapers North and South described them as the "Old Men Convention".
5845:
5840:
5312:
5088:
4344:
4192:
4171:
4087:
3730:
2575:
2554:
2136:
1674:
1653:
1632:
1569:
1548:
1422:
1401:
1212:
1191:
1170:
1086:
1065:
523:
440:
194:
3693:
5600:
5566:
5556:
5417:
4679:
4008:
3919:
3793:
3562:
3394:
3315:
3205:
3037:
3016:
2937:
2596:
2491:
2470:
2094:
2010:
1926:
1905:
1821:
1527:
1338:
1233:
876:
855:
792:
773:
752:
710:
584:
432:
2328:
460:
4134:
3861:
2790:
2517:
1889:
5691:
4491:
4276:
4239:
3924:
3420:
3378:
3163:
3100:
3021:
2932:
2874:
2512:
1863:
1637:
1427:
1317:
860:
369:
4386:
4260:
3651:
3483:
2979:
2916:
1952:
537:
After formal secession, one of the first pieces of legislation from the convention was the creation of the
5790:
5775:
5756:
5638:
5386:
4702:
4573:
4547:
4449:
4444:
4302:
4155:
4024:
3961:
3940:
3840:
3819:
3457:
3436:
3147:
2769:
2727:
2223:
2115:
1737:
1611:
1490:
1380:
1359:
1175:
797:
589:
480:
464:
201:
4050:
4029:
3966:
2601:
2412:
2160:
1700:
923:
5733:
4660:
comprised those states maintaining racial hereditary slavery in perpetuity. They generally lay south of
4568:
4486:
4470:
4428:
3714:
3609:
3268:
3184:
2832:
2811:
2748:
2538:
1994:
1784:
1763:
1595:
1154:
834:
631:
416:
4776:
4661:
3945:
3567:
3210:
2685:
2307:
1910:
1532:
1511:
1469:
1343:
1112:
1007:
839:
673:
4365:
4281:
4197:
4176:
3273:
3231:
3189:
2580:
2559:
1826:
1742:
1217:
1091:
1070:
1049:
902:
451:
With the fall of Fort Sumter, Lincoln matched Jefferson Davis's call of 100,000 men for a year with a
5721:
5715:
5697:
5644:
5486:
5008:
4596:
4323:
3987:
3882:
3798:
3525:
3373:
3294:
3247:
3105:
3063:
2407:
2386:
2349:
2015:
1364:
1301:
1238:
965:
736:
694:
652:
647:
519:
456:
209:
4218:
3630:
2895:
2265:
2120:
1616:
1448:
1322:
5808:
5761:
5727:
5516:
5410:
5345:
4939:
4113:
4071:
3588:
3504:
2622:
2433:
2391:
2099:
2036:
1805:
1196:
1028:
507:
205:
97:
66:
3084:
2664:
2370:
2244:
5674:
5355:
3903:
3777:
3709:
3688:
3667:
3462:
3415:
3357:
3000:
2706:
2643:
2323:
2181:
1931:
757:
496:
428:
420:
331:
246:
82:
3756:
3336:
4877:
551:
5623:
5317:
5302:
5282:
5198:
5175:
5146:
5121:
5096:
5059:
5051:
5037:
5018:
4994:
4552:
3672:
2995:
2286:
1721:
1574:
1385:
986:
715:
610:
531:
397:
190:
17:
5795:
5633:
5287:
5272:
4986:
4657:
3441:
3126:
1553:
689:
492:
393:
271:
5217:
Journal of the acts and proceedings of a general Convention of the State of Virginia … 1861
5591:
3168:
2057:
1868:
1133:
550:
unionists voted for secession, and the resolution passed. The two votes are visualized in
527:
515:
500:
408:
381:
377:
365:
313:
275:
232:
170:
133:
197:
were unwavering in their loyalty to the constitutional government of the United States.
5739:
5709:
5618:
5080:
1658:
254:
5085:
Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War
522:
to replace Brown and McGrew, while voters actually in Preston County that day elected
5824:
5782:
5194:
4407:
3735:
3252:
1406:
445:
295:
5117:
1847:
1280:
389:
208:. Those leaving Baltimore reconvened in Richmond to nominate a Southern Democrat,
5222:
5012:
3546:
2853:
2496:
385:
384:
called up 100,000 militia to serve a year and sent besieging troops to surround
349:
266:
182:
34:
5161:
5136:
5111:
5433:
4675:
4616:
2958:
2202:
1259:
174:
5202:
5163:
Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis
4775:
Lankford, Nelson (February 1, 2021). "Virginia Convention of 1861".
5014:
Showdown in Virginia: the 1861 Convention and the fate of the Union
265:
The convention met from February 3 – December 6, 1861, and elected
491:
The Convention on June 29, 1861, expelled Unconditional Unionists
475:
228:
narrowly with 51.5%, Breckinridge won 72 Electoral College votes.
29:
28:
5034:
Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: a history of Virginia, 1607–2007
4674:
John Bell was one of the older Whig generation who grew up with
5406:
5226:
5138:
Roots of Secession: Slavery and Politics in Antebellum Virginia
4991:
Virginia: the New Dominion, a history from 1607 to the present
177:
states resolved to secede from the United States and form the
5402:
392:
in Florida. In his inaugural speech, Lincoln supported the
562:
with votes on secession from the United States of America
5669:
Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
200:
The divisions in Virginia were apparent throughout the
241:
The Constitutional Unionist candidate was slaveholder
51:
to determine whether Virginia would secede from the
5749:
5684:
5656:
5599:
5509:
5374:
5333:
5260:
5191:
The Secession movement in Virginia : 1847–1861
1486:Elizabeth City County, Warwick, York, Williamsburg
5552:William Henry Harrison 1840 presidential campaign
5527:Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830
5629:List of federal judges appointed by John Tyler
5577:Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
5113:Cry Havoc! The Crooked Road to Civil War, 1861
4678:in Congress. They would later attend the 1861
4569:York, Elizabeth City, Warwick and Williamsburg
5418:
5238:
151:
8:
5856:Richmond, Virginia in the American Civil War
4874:"Delegates to the First Wheeling Convention"
4665:Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas.
4445:Williamsburg, Elizabeth City, Warwick, York
4298:Warwick, Elizabeth City, York, Williamsburg
483:at Richmond, where Secession Convention met
5425:
5411:
5403:
5245:
5231:
5223:
4277:Warren, Elizabeth City, York, Williamsburg
556:
158:
144:
62:
5542:1840 United States presidential election
5537:1836 United States presidential election
5468:President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate
5056:Cradle of America: a history of Virginia
4894:"Education from LVA: Union or Secession"
453:federal call for 75,000 for three months
353:Unionist against invasion north or south
5361:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
4695:
4608:
335:Conditional Unionist then for secession
284:
65:
5145:: University of North Carolina Press.
4615:Among the 33 states in the Union, the
5572:Virginia Secession Convention of 1861
5366:Virginia Secession Convention of 1861
648:Alexandria City and Alexandria County
45:Virginia Secession Convention of 1861
7:
552:maps from the University of Richmond
5460:Vice President of the United States
5382:2012 U.S. state secession petitions
5074:Further reading (most recent first)
559:Convention Delegates, Richmond 1861
257:but without the expected violence.
47:was called in the state capital of
5831:Virginia in the American Civil War
5172:University of North Carolina Press
2954:New Kent, Charles City, James City
2198:James City, Charles City, New Kent
1255:Charles City, James City, New Kent
25:
5392:List of state partition proposals
5804:
5803:
5590:
5323:Northwest Territorial Imperative
5036:. University of Virginia Press.
5017:. University of Virginia Press.
4993:. University of Virginia Press.
4839:
4382:Webster, Braxton, Clay, Nicholas
2975:Nicholas, Braxton, Clay, Webster
1339:Clay, Braxton, Nicholas, Webster
1003:Braxton, Clay, Nicholas, Webster
341:
323:
305:
287:
127:
5664:List of memorials to John Tyler
5351:Mississippi Secession Ordinance
4918:Leonard, 1978, p. 475 and note
1522:signed by convention president
38:1861 Richmond Presiding officer
5449:President of the United States
5254:Secession in the United States
5058:. University Press of Kansas.
4961:"William Henry Bagwell Custis"
4827:
4815:
4803:
4791:
4762:
4750:
4738:
4726:
4714:
280:
1:
5836:Political history of Virginia
5547:1839 Whig National Convention
5341:Confederate States of America
5087:(15th anniversary ed.).
5032:Heinemann, Ronald L. (2008).
3731:Richmond County, Westmoreland
514:elected secessionist lawyers
461:Harper's Ferry federal armory
179:Confederate States of America
18:Virginia Secession Convention
5110:Lankford, Nelson D. (2007).
5093:University Press of Virginia
5011:; Simpson, Craig M. (2010).
4193:Tazewell, Buchanan, McDowell
4172:Tazewell, Buchanan, McDowell
4067:Spotsylvania, Fredericksburg
3626:Randolph, Tucker, Webster(p)
2576:McDowell, Buchanan, Tazewell
2555:McDowell, Buchanan, Tazewell
1087:Buchanan, McDowell, Tazewell
1066:Buchanan, McDowell, Tazewell
539:Provisional Army of Virginia
5851:Secession crisis of 1860–61
4851:
4680:Washington Peace Conference
506:) for participating in the
5872:
5609:Inauguration of John Tyler
5562:Sherwood Forest Plantation
5476:U.S. Senator from Virginia
5189:Shanks, Henry T. (1970) .
5160:Crofts, Daniel W. (1989).
3694:William Hamilton Mcfarland
3395:Portsmouth, Norfolk County
3374:Portsmouth, Norfolk County
3038:Norfolk County, Portsmouth
3017:Norfolk County, Portsmouth
59:Background and composition
5770:
5588:
5440:
5135:Link, William A. (2003).
5089:Charlottesville, Virginia
3080:Northumberland, Lancaster
2938:Frederick Mortimer Cabell
2366:Lancaster, Northumberland
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
441:Culpeper County, Virginia
5791:← Richard Mentor Johnson
5776:← William Henry Harrison
5614:Webster–Ashburton Treaty
5567:Peace Conference of 1861
5557:Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
4778:Encyclopedia of Virginia
4009:Samuel Crowdson Williams
3316:William Marshall Tredway
1297:Chesterfield, Manchester
427:Throughout March 21–23,
5692:Letitia Christian Tyler
4135:John Randolph Chambliss
3862:Samuel Augustus Coffman
2875:William Ballard Preston
2791:Marshall Mortimore Dent
2518:William Marshall Ambler
1890:John Randolph Chambliss
861:William Leftwich Goggin
299:Fire-eater Secessionist
195:Unconditional Unionists
5757:John Tyler and slavery
5639:Priscilla Cooper Tyler
5387:Ordinance of Secession
4492:William Ballarde Aston
4403:Westmoreland, Richmond
4240:Chapman Johnson Stuart
3925:William Ballarde Aston
3421:William Campbell Scott
3379:John Gustavus Holladay
3311:Pittsylvania, Danville
3290:Pittsylvania, Danville
3148:Chester Dorman Hubbard
3022:John Gustavus Holladay
2807:Monongalia, Morgantown
2786:Monongalia, Morgantown
2770:Robert Latane Montague
2224:Alfred Madison Barbour
1638:James Magruder Strange
1428:William Campbell Scott
798:Alexander H. H. Stuart
484:
388:in South Carolina and
317:Unconditional Unionist
202:Southern United States
40:
5734:Harrison Ruffin Tyler
4963:. Library of Virginia
4527:Wyoming, Boone, Logan
4466:Wirt, Calhoun, Gilmer
4387:Benjamin Wilson Byrne
4261:George William Berlin
4088:Stafford, King George
3836:Rockbridge, Lexington
3815:Rockbridge, Lexington
3715:George Wythe Randolph
3652:Horatio Gates Moffett
3484:John Thruston Thorton
2980:Benjamin Wilson Byrne
2917:John Richardson Kilby
2833:Allen Taylor Caperton
2812:Waitman Thomas Willey
2476:John Armistead Carter
2450:Logan, Boone, Wyoming
2324:King George, Stafford
2303:King and Queen, Essex
1953:Edward McC. Armstrong
1759:Gilmer, Calhoun, Wirt
1717:Frederick, Winchester
1696:Frederick, Winchester
1507:Essex, King and Queen
1150:Calhoun, Gilmer, Wirt
940:Boone, Logan, Wyoming
632:Valentine W. Southall
479:
417:George Wythe Randolph
400:from trans-Alleghany
380:'s inauguration day,
32:
5722:John Alexander Tyler
5716:David Gardiner Tyler
5698:Julia Gardiner Tyler
5487:Governor of Virginia
4900:on December 15, 2018
4597:Virginia Conventions
4574:Charles King Mallory
4450:Charles King Mallory
4324:John Arthur Campbell
4303:Charles King Mallory
4156:John Sinsell Burdett
4109:Surry, Prince George
3883:Algernon Sidney Gray
3841:Samuel McDowel Moore
3820:James Baldwin Dorman
3799:George Plater Tayloe
3526:Henry Alexander Wise
3416:Powhatan, Cumberland
3295:William T. Sutherlin
2728:Thomas Francis Goode
2074:Harrison, Clarksburg
2053:Harrison, Clarksburg
2016:George W. Richardson
1491:Charles King Mallory
1423:Cumberland, Powhatan
1176:Charles R. Slaughter
653:George William Brent
590:William H. B. Custis
520:Charles J. P. Cresap
210:John C. Breckinridge
5762:The General (horse)
5728:Lyon Gardiner Tyler
5641:(acting first lady)
5517:Greenway Plantation
5495:U.S. Representative
5346:Louisiana secession
4940:Library of Virginia
4072:John Lawrence Marye
4051:John Julius Kindred
4030:James White Sheffey
3967:Peter Carr Johnston
2623:Ephraim Benoni Hall
2602:Angus Rucker Blakey
2413:Peter Carr Johnston
2282:Kanawha, Charleston
2261:Kanawha, Charleston
2161:Robert H. Whitfield
2100:Williams C. Wickham
1885:Greensville, Sussex
1806:Walter Daniel Leake
1701:Robert Young Conrad
1192:Campbell, Lynchburg
1171:Campbell, Lynchburg
924:Edmund B. Pendleton
690:Amelia and Nottoway
563:
508:Wheeling Convention
272:Henry Lewis Benning
206:Baltimore, Maryland
134:Virginia portal
115: •
111: •
107: •
88:American Revolution
67:History of Virginia
5796:George M. Dallas →
5675:Recarving Rushmore
5582:Hollywood Cemetery
5356:Missouri secession
5288:Confederate States
5219:ebook free online.
5052:Wallenstein, Peter
5009:Freehling, William
4938:. VirginiaMemory,
4936:Union or Secession
4852:Dabney (1971) 1989
4471:Currence B. Conrad
4429:Leonard Stout Hall
4130:Sussex, Greensvile
3904:John Francis Lewis
3778:Franklin P. Turner
3752:Ritchie, Pleasants
3610:Henry L. Gillespie
3463:James Clark McGrew
3332:Pleasants, Ritchie
2765:Middlesex, Mathews
2749:Napoleon B. French
2707:Robert L. Montague
2702:Mathews, Middlesex
2644:Alpheus F. Haymond
2539:William J. Neblett
2182:Franklin P. Turner
1995:George McC. Porter
1932:Thomas S. Flournoy
1785:John Tyler Seawell
1764:Currence B. Conrad
1596:Henry L. Gillespie
1155:Currence B. Conrad
835:Bath and Alleghany
758:John Brown Baldwin
669:Alleghany and Bath
579:Signed ordinance?
557:
545:Chart of delegates
497:James Clark McGrew
485:
429:John Brown Baldwin
368:of the Piedmont's
332:William B. Preston
276:John Smith Preston
261:Meeting and debate
247:Stephen A. Douglas
83:Colony of Virginia
41:
5818:
5817:
5624:Treaty of Wanghia
5400:
5399:
5065:978-0-7006-1994-8
5043:978-0-8139-2769-5
5024:978-0-8139-2964-4
4987:Dabney, Virginius
4588:
4587:
4553:Robert Craig Kent
3946:Colbert C. Fugate
3673:Marmaduke Johnson
3568:Benjamin F. Wysor
3211:Samuel G. Staples
2686:James Henry Couch
2308:Richard Henry Cox
2287:George W. Summers
1911:James Coles Bruce
1575:Robert Eden Scott
1533:William H. Dulany
1512:Richard Henry Cox
1470:Chapman J. Stuart
1386:Fleming B. Miller
1344:Benjamin W. Byrne
1113:William W. Forbes
1008:Benjamin W. Byrne
987:Fleming B. Miller
840:Thomas Sitlington
716:Samuel M. Garland
674:Thomas Sitlington
611:James P. Holcombe
532:George W. Summers
512:Pocahontas County
499:(who represented
465:Gosport Navy Yard
439:James Barbour of
402:Monongalia County
398:Waitman T. Willey
361:
360:
168:
167:
105:African-Americans
16:(Redirected from
5863:
5846:1861 conferences
5841:1861 in Virginia
5807:
5806:
5634:Texas annexation
5594:
5502:
5490:
5479:
5471:
5463:
5452:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5404:
5261:Active movements
5247:
5240:
5233:
5224:
5206:
5185:
5156:
5131:
5106:
5069:
5047:
5028:
5004:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4933:
4925:
4919:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4896:. Archived from
4890:
4884:
4881:
4880:on June 3, 2016.
4876:. Archived from
4870:
4864:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4840:Wallenstein 2007
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4683:
4672:
4666:
4662:Mason–Dixon line
4658:Antebellum South
4654:
4648:
4613:
4512:John Jay Jackson
4366:Burwell Spurlock
4282:Robert H. Turner
4214:Tucker, Randolph
4198:Samuel L. Graham
4177:William P. Cecil
3605:Raleigh, Fayette
3442:William G. Brown
3274:Peter Bock Borst
3232:Henry H. Masters
3190:Peter Bock Borst
3127:Sherrard Clemens
3101:Nottoway, Amelia
2581:Samuel L. Graham
2560:William P. Cecil
1827:William C. Parks
1743:Manilius Chapman
1591:Fayette, Raleigh
1554:John Quincy Marr
1465:Doddridge, Tyler
1444:Craig, Botetourt
1381:Craig, Botetourt
1360:Craig, Botetourt
1218:Edmund T. Morris
1092:Samuel L. Graham
1071:William P. Cecil
1050:James B. Mallory
982:Botetourt, Craig
961:Botetourt, Craig
903:Allan C. Hammond
564:
493:William G. Brown
431:of the Valley's
413:Alleghany County
411:of transmontane
394:Corwin Amendment
345:
327:
309:
291:
281:
160:
153:
146:
132:
131:
130:
63:
21:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5821:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5783:James K. Polk →
5766:
5745:
5680:
5652:
5595:
5586:
5505:
5493:
5482:
5474:
5466:
5455:
5444:
5436:
5431:
5401:
5396:
5370:
5329:
5256:
5251:
5213:
5188:
5182:
5159:
5153:
5134:
5128:
5109:
5103:
5081:Dew, Charles B.
5079:
5076:
5066:
5050:
5044:
5031:
5025:
5007:
5001:
4985:
4982:
4977:
4976:
4966:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4944:
4942:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4903:
4901:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4850:
4846:
4838:
4834:
4826:
4822:
4814:
4810:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4786:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4709:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4686:
4673:
4669:
4655:
4651:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4593:
4345:Robert E. Grant
3988:Raphael M. Conn
3169:Jeremiah Morton
3106:Lewis E. Harvey
3064:Miers W. Fisher
2350:Fendall Gregory
2079:Benjamin Wilson
2058:John S. Carlile
1869:Jeremiah Morton
1365:William W. Boyd
1302:James Henry Cox
1239:Fielden L. Hale
1134:William McComas
966:William W. Boyd
737:Lewis D. Isbell
695:Lewis E. Harvie
561:
547:
528:William B. Zinn
516:Robert E. Cowan
474:
409:John S. Carlile
382:Jefferson Davis
378:Abraham Lincoln
366:Jeremiah Morton
355:
354:
352:
346:
337:
336:
334:
328:
319:
318:
316:
314:John S. Carlile
310:
301:
300:
298:
292:
263:
233:John C. Calhoun
171:Abraham Lincoln
164:
128:
126:
61:
39:
37:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5869:
5867:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5823:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5787:
5786:
5779:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5740:John Tyler Sr.
5737:
5731:
5725:
5719:
5713:
5710:Letitia Semple
5707:
5701:
5695:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5671:
5666:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5642:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5619:Tariff of 1842
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5491:
5480:
5472:
5464:
5453:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5407:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5212:
5211:External links
5209:
5208:
5207:
5186:
5180:
5157:
5151:
5132:
5127:978-0670038213
5126:
5107:
5102:978-0813939438
5101:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5064:
5048:
5042:
5029:
5023:
5005:
4999:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4952:
4920:
4911:
4885:
4865:
4856:
4844:
4832:
4828:Heinemann 2008
4820:
4816:Freehling 2010
4808:
4804:Freehling 2010
4796:
4792:Heinemann 2008
4784:
4767:
4763:Freehling 2010
4755:
4751:Freehling 2010
4743:
4739:Freehling 2010
4731:
4727:Freehling 2010
4719:
4715:Freehling 2010
4707:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4667:
4649:
4621:South Carolina
4607:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4521:no (expelled)
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4479:
4476:
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4462:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4250:no (expelled)
4248:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4219:John N. Hughes
4216:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4166:no (expelled)
4164:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
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4084:
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4069:
4063:
4062:
4059:
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4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3978:
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3972:
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3958:
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3951:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3773:Roane, Jackson
3769:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3631:John N. Hughes
3628:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3544:
3542:Prince William
3538:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3473:no (expelled)
3471:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3452:no (expelled)
3450:
3447:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3158:no (expelled)
3156:
3153:
3150:
3145:
3143:Ohio, Wheeling
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3122:Ohio, Wheeling
3118:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:Johnson Orrick
2893:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2822:no (expelled)
2820:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2801:no (expelled)
2799:
2796:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:absent/against
2730:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2675:no (expelled)
2673:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2633:no (expelled)
2631:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2266:Spicer Patrick
2263:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2177:Jackson, Roane
2173:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:George W. Hull
2139:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2121:Peyton Gravely
2118:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2068:no (expelled)
2066:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2005:no (expelled)
2003:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1722:James Marshall
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:absent/against
1682:
1680:Peter Saunders
1677:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1659:Jubal A. Early
1656:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1617:Hervey Deskins
1614:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:absent/against
1535:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1480:no (expelled)
1478:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1449:James Boisseau
1446:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:Hugh M. Nelson
1320:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1039:no (expelled)
1037:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1005:
999:
998:
995:
992:
989:
984:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
963:
957:
956:
953:
950:
947:
942:
936:
935:
932:
929:
926:
921:
915:
914:
911:
908:
905:
900:
894:
893:
890:
887:
884:
879:
873:
872:
869:
866:
863:
858:
852:
851:
848:
845:
842:
837:
831:
830:
827:
824:
821:
816:
810:
809:
806:
803:
800:
795:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
770:
769:
766:
763:
760:
755:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
734:
728:
727:
724:
721:
718:
713:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
692:
686:
685:
682:
679:
676:
671:
665:
664:
661:
658:
655:
650:
644:
643:
640:
637:
634:
629:
623:
622:
619:
616:
613:
608:
602:
601:
598:
595:
592:
587:
581:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
546:
543:
524:Charles Hooton
504:Preston County
473:
470:
433:Augusta County
359:
358:
357:
356:
348:
347:
340:
338:
330:
329:
322:
320:
312:
311:
304:
302:
294:
293:
286:
262:
259:
255:Winfield Scott
226:North Carolina
166:
165:
163:
162:
155:
148:
140:
137:
136:
123:
122:
121:
120:
100:
98:Post–Civil War
95:
93:U.S. Civil War
90:
85:
80:
70:
69:
60:
57:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5868:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5811:
5810:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5700:(second wife)
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5435:
5428:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:Miscellaneous
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5248:
5243:
5241:
5236:
5234:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5195:Da Capo Press
5192:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5002:
5000:9780813910154
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4941:
4937:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4915:
4912:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4879:
4875:
4869:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4821:
4818:, pp. 169–176
4817:
4812:
4809:
4806:, pp. 165–166
4805:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4788:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4689:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4487:Wise, Russell
4485:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:John Critcher
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4114:Timothy Rives
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Edward Walker
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3920:Russell, Wise
3918:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:John Critcher
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Richmond City
3708:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Richmond City
3687:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3668:Richmond City
3666:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:James W. Hoge
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:Princess Anne
3519:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:Timothy Rives
3503:
3501:
3500:Prince George
3498:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Prince Edward
3477:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:William White
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3253:Thomas Branch
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
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3052:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:William White
3041:
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3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3007:
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2999:
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2469:
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2464:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Caleb Boggess
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:John D. Sharp
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:Edward Waller
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
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2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Isle of Wight
2154:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Thomas Maslin
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
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1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
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1899:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Green, Orange
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
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1578:
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1571:
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1563:
1560:
1557:
1555:
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1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:
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1484:
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1479:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
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1458:
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1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:James Barbour
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1366:
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1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1350:
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1332:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1197:John M. Speed
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:Campbell Tarr
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
975:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
912:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
891:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
870:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
828:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
807:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
786:
783:
780:
778:George Baylor
777:
775:
772:
771:
767:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
683:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
662:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
641:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
620:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
599:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
565:
560:
555:
553:
544:
542:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:
498:
494:
489:
482:
478:
471:
469:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
446:Henry A. Wise
442:
437:
434:
430:
425:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
371:
370:Orange County
367:
351:
344:
339:
333:
326:
321:
315:
308:
303:
297:
296:Henry A. Wise
290:
285:
283:
282:
279:
277:
273:
268:
260:
258:
256:
250:
248:
244:
239:
236:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
196:
192:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
161:
156:
154:
149:
147:
142:
141:
139:
138:
135:
125:
124:
119:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
78:
74:
73:
72:
71:
68:
64:
58:
56:
54:
53:United States
50:
46:
36:
31:
27:
19:
5802:
5781:
5774:
5704:Robert Tyler
5694:(first wife)
5673:
5657:Public image
5646:
5571:
5365:
5193:. New York:
5190:
5162:
5137:
5116:. New York:
5112:
5084:
5055:
5033:
5013:
4990:
4980:Bibliography
4965:. Retrieved
4955:
4945:December 15,
4943:. Retrieved
4935:
4923:
4914:
4904:February 21,
4902:. Retrieved
4898:the original
4888:
4878:the original
4868:
4859:
4854:, p. 294-296
4847:
4835:
4830:, p. 219-221
4823:
4811:
4799:
4787:
4777:
4770:
4758:
4746:
4734:
4729:, pp. 12–21.
4722:
4710:
4698:
4670:
4652:
4619:states were
4611:
4532:James Lawson
3647:Rappahannock
3085:Addison Hall
2996:Norfolk City
2665:James Burley
2455:James Lawson
2371:Addison Hall
2345:King William
2245:Logan Osburn
1848:Samuel Price
1281:Wood Bouldin
945:James Lawson
819:Samuel Woods
558:
548:
536:
501:transmontane
490:
486:
450:
438:
426:
407:
390:Fort Pickens
376:On March 4,
375:
362:
264:
251:
240:
237:
230:
199:
187:
169:
103:
75:
44:
42:
26:
5501:(1816–1821)
5489:(1825–1827)
5478:(1827–1836)
5451:(1841–1845)
5308:Puerto Rico
5168:Chapel Hill
5143:Chapel Hill
4765:, pp. 75–87
4753:. pp. 51–61
4741:, pp. 13–26
4717:, pp. 3–10.
4637:Mississippi
4478:against/for
4268:against/for
4046:Southampton
3974:against/for
3953:against/for
3890:against/for
3547:Eppa Hunton
3358:Paul McNeel
3059:Northampton
3001:George Blow
2854:John Echols
2723:Mecklenburg
2651:against/for
2497:John Janney
2252:against/for
2107:against/for
1771:against/for
1330:against/for
1162:against/for
910:against/for
386:Fort Sumter
350:Jubal Early
267:John Janney
183:Upper South
35:John Janney
5825:Categories
5736:(grandson)
5712:(daughter)
5601:Presidency
5532:Whig Party
5434:John Tyler
5278:California
5181:0807818097
5152:0807827711
4967:August 28,
4690:References
4676:Henry Clay
4656:The 1860,
4617:Deep South
4352:absent/for
4340:Washington
4319:Washington
4004:Shenandoah
3983:Shenandoah
3899:Rockingham
3878:Rockingham
3857:Rockingham
3757:Cyrus Hall
3365:absent/for
3353:Pocahontas
3337:Cyrus Hall
3248:Petersburg
3092:absent/for
2959:John Tyler
2924:absent/for
2870:Montgomery
2378:absent/for
2354:absent/for
2231:absent/for
2203:John Tyler
1974:David Pugh
1843:Greenbrier
1780:Gloucester
1561:absent/for
1260:John Tyler
1108:Buckingham
882:John Goode
732:Appomattox
457:Henry Wise
175:Deep South
5647:Princeton
5203:633194878
5083:(2016) .
4641:Louisiana
3227:Pendleton
2912:Nansemond
2534:Lunenburg
2240:Jefferson
2219:Jefferson
2086:abstained
1969:Hampshire
1948:Hampshire
1801:Goochland
1276:Charlotte
1045:Brunswick
627:Albemarle
606:Albemarle
576:April 17
567:District
243:John Bell
5809:Category
5742:(father)
5522:Woodburn
5303:Sequoyah
5283:Cascadia
5054:(2007).
4989:(1989).
4842:, p. 190
4794:, p. 219
4591:See also
2966:for/ for
2660:Marshall
2137:Highland
1675:Franklin
1654:Franklin
1633:Fluvanna
1570:Fauquier
1549:Fauquier
1402:Culpeper
1213:Caroline
919:Berkeley
898:Berkeley
573:April 4
472:Outcomes
463:and the
421:Richmond
419:, now a
222:Maryland
218:Delaware
214:Arkansas
191:Unionist
113:Politics
102:Topics:
49:Richmond
5750:Related
5334:History
5298:Lakotah
4633:Alabama
4629:Florida
4625:Georgia
4518:against
4515:against
4496:against
4475:against
4454:against
4412:against
4391:against
4373:against
4370:against
4349:against
4328:against
4265:against
4247:against
4244:against
4223:against
4163:against
4160:against
4118:against
4097:against
4076:against
3971:against
3950:against
3929:against
3911:against
3908:against
3887:against
3866:against
3848:against
3845:against
3824:against
3803:against
3794:Roanoke
3761:against
3740:against
3698:against
3677:against
3656:against
3635:against
3614:against
3596:against
3593:against
3563:Pulaski
3509:against
3470:against
3467:against
3458:Preston
3449:against
3446:against
3437:Preston
3407:against
3404:against
3386:against
3383:against
3362:against
3341:against
3320:against
3299:against
3239:against
3236:against
3215:against
3206:Patrick
3155:against
3152:against
3134:against
3089:against
3050:against
3047:against
3029:against
3026:against
3005:against
2987:against
2984:against
2963:against
2921:against
2900:against
2879:against
2858:against
2837:against
2819:against
2816:against
2798:against
2795:against
2753:against
2693:against
2690:against
2672:against
2669:against
2648:against
2630:against
2627:against
2597:Madison
2504:against
2501:against
2492:Loudoun
2483:against
2480:against
2471:Loudoun
2441:against
2438:against
2417:against
2399:against
2396:against
2375:against
2333:against
2294:against
2291:against
2273:against
2270:against
2249:against
2228:against
2165:against
2147:against
2128:against
2125:against
2104:against
2095:Henrico
2083:against
2065:against
2062:against
2041:against
2011:Hanover
2002:against
1999:against
1990:Hancock
1981:against
1978:against
1960:against
1957:against
1936:against
1927:Halifax
1915:against
1906:Halifax
1855:against
1852:against
1831:against
1822:Grayson
1768:against
1729:against
1726:against
1708:against
1705:against
1666:against
1663:against
1621:against
1600:against
1579:against
1558:against
1540:against
1528:Fairfax
1477:against
1474:against
1369:against
1351:against
1348:against
1327:against
1234:Carroll
1180:against
1159:against
1141:against
1138:against
1036:against
1033:against
1015:against
1012:against
970:against
931:against
928:against
907:against
877:Bedford
856:Bedford
847:against
844:against
814:Barbour
805:against
802:against
793:Augusta
784:against
774:Augusta
765:against
753:Augusta
711:Amherst
681:against
678:against
660:against
657:against
636:against
597:against
594:against
585:Accomac
481:Capitol
117:Slavery
77:By year
5685:Family
5470:(1836)
5462:(1841)
5293:Hawaii
5268:Alaska
5201:
5178:
5149:
5124:
5118:Viking
5099:
5062:
5040:
5021:
4997:
4643:, and
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3584:Putnam
3164:Orange
3131:absent
2942:absent
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2891:Morgan
2849:Monroe
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2744:Mercer
2639:Marion
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2513:Louisa
2144:absent
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1687:absent
1390:absent
1318:Clarke
1129:Cabell
1117:absent
1024:Brooke
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781:absent
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224:, and
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5730:(son)
5724:(son)
5718:(son)
5706:(son)
5499:VA–23
5318:White
5313:Texas
5273:Black
4932:(PDF)
4883:Brown
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4361:Wayne
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3962:Scott
3941:Scott
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5510:Life
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5060:ISBN
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4969:2024
4947:2020
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4082:yes
4061:yes
4040:yes
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3956:yes
3935:yes
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3830:yes
3809:yes
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3704:yes
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3662:yes
3641:yes
3620:yes
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3263:yes
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3221:yes
3200:yes
3185:Page
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3095:yes
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2990:yes
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2110:yes
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2026:yes
1984:yes
1963:yes
1942:yes
1921:yes
1900:yes
1879:yes
1858:yes
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1018:yes
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526:and
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495:and
43:The
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3992:for
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5205:.
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5068:.
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4781:.
4647:.
159:e
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20:)
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