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can occur if a genetic male cannot produce enough androgen or the body tissues cannot respond to it. Extreme undervirilization occurs when no significant androgen hormones can be produced or the body is completely insensitive to androgens, in which case a female phenotype will develop. Partial
875:. This process causes virilization by inducing many of the effects of a typically male puberty. Many of these effects are permanent, but some effects can be reversed if the transgender individual stops or pauses their medical treatment.
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who have undergone the changes of pubertal masculinization, to restore and induce feminine physical traits that would otherwise be masked or never occur. Some virilized traits remain though (such as body hair, a hard
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Abnormal expression of secondary sex characters in a population of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis holbrooki: evidence for environmentally-induced masculinization
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Demasculinization refers to the reversal of virilization. Some but not all aspects of virilization are reversible. Demasculinization occurs naturally with
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Virilization can occur in childhood in both males and females due to excessive amounts of androgens. Typical effects of virilization in children are
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undervirilization produces ambiguous genitalia part-way between male and female. Examples of undervirilization in fetuses with a 46,XY karyotype are
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would passively develop female sexual characteristics without intervention by the SRY gene. However, in the early 2000s, other genes, such as
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is the biological development of adult male characteristics in young males or females. Most of the changes of virilization are produced by
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is responsible for suppressing the development of female characteristics and stimulating males characteristics. In this scenario, an
531:
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660:, were discovered that perform the opposite function – i.e., genes which suppress masculinization and stimulate feminization.
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Prenatal virilization of a genetically female fetus can occur when an excessive amount of androgen is produced by the fetal
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Prenatal virilization of individuals with XX chromosomes and undervirilization of individuals with XY are common causes of
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or is present in maternal blood, resulting in virilization of the female genitalia such as an
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In common as well as medical usage, virilization often refers to the process of normal male
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Transgender people who were medically assigned female at birth sometimes elect to take
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731:. These effects include growth of the penis and the testes, accelerated growth,
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1042:"Virilization definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary"
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
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In the prenatal period, virilization refers to closure of the
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640:, the female is the "default" developmental pathway, and the
570:, the postnatal changes of typical chromosomal male (46, XY)
1174:
Howell, W. M., Black, D. A., & Bortone, S. A. (1980).
759:, and adult body odor. In males, virilization may signal
735:, and other androgenic hair of face, torso, and limbs,
1146:
Schuiling, Kerri
Durnell; Likis, Frances E. (2005).
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Medically induced virilization in transgender people
751:, accelerated growth and bone maturation, increased
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472:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
915:Further muscle development (especially upper body)
27:Biological development of male sex characteristics
787:, frontal hair thinning, deepening of the voice,
771:or adrenals are occasional causes in both sexes.
667:, and masculinization, are involved in producing
1123:"Virilization: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
905:– possible shrinking and/or softening of breasts
767:and androgen producing tumors (usually) of the
636:For many years, it was widely believed that in
783:enlargement, increased muscle strength, acne,
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598:, thinning and wrinkling (rugation) of the
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602:, growth of the penis, and closure of the
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29:
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532:Learn how and when to remove this message
918:Increased sweat and changes in body odor
779:Virilization in females can manifest as
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383:
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193:
59:
41:
1583:Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis
952:, and artificially or medically with
7:
921:Prominence of veins and coarser skin
470:adding citations to reliable sources
1578:Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
1150:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
1065:Ainsworth, Claire (February 2015).
562:commonly used in three medical and
25:
671:typical morphology and behavior.
446:
204:Evolution of sexual reproduction
51:
910:Reversible virilization effects
743:Abnormal childhood virilization
723:Puberty § Changes in males
707:androgen insensitivity syndrome
689:It can also be associated with
457:needs additional citations for
935:Increased red blood cell count
887:Growth of facial and body hair
879:Permanent virilization effects
775:In adolescent or adult females
765:congenital adrenal hyperplasia
691:progestin-induced virilisation
566:contexts: prenatal biological
297:Sexual reproduction in animals
1:
1017:Secondary sex characteristics
924:Alterations in blood lipids (
867:Masculinizing hormone therapy
711:5 alpha reductase deficiency
631:disorders of sex development
576:androgen replacement therapy
174:Simultaneous hermaphroditism
873:hormone replacement therapy
1747:
1568:Reproductive endocrinology
1148:Women's Gynecologic Health
864:
720:
629:variations, also known as
558:Virilization is a medical
307:Penile-vaginal intercourse
169:Sequential hermaphroditism
1636:Human reproductive system
1046:www.collinsdictionary.com
802:-producing tumors of the
733:development of pubic hair
159:Testis-determining factor
964:. It is desired by many
152:Sex chromosome anomalies
90:Sex-determination system
1658:Diseases and disorders
1467:Sexual differentiation
1022:Sexual differentiation
1007:Feminization (biology)
948:, pathologically with
884:Deepening of the voice
737:deepening of the voice
568:sexual differentiation
275:Internal fertilization
270:External fertilization
73:Sexual differentiation
1690:Premature ejaculation
1685:Hard flaccid syndrome
1355:Human sexual activity
590:Prenatal virilization
115:Temperature-dependent
1680:Erectile dysfunction
466:improve this article
1459:reproductive system
1447:Vaginal lubrication
1225:sexual reproduction
1083:2015Natur.518..288A
987:Ambiguous genitalia
896:Enlargement of the
717:Normal virilization
623:ambiguous genitalia
614:is synonymous with
610:. In this context,
292:Fungal reproduction
195:Sexual reproduction
1457:Development of the
1368:Sexual intercourse
791:disruption due to
761:precocious puberty
685:enlarged clitoris.
606:to the tip of the
319:Human reproduction
302:Sexual intercourse
287:Plant reproduction
181:Intersex (biology)
1716:Sexual dimorphism
1703:
1702:
1472:Sexual dimorphism
1437:Postpartum period
1157:978-0-7637-4717-6
1077:(7539): 288–291.
966:transgender women
940:Demasculinization
825:pituitary adenoma
702:Undervirilization
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324:Lordosis behavior
127:Heterogametic sex
68:Sexual dimorphism
16:(Redirected from
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1442:Mechanics of sex
1251:Follicular phase
1221:Human physiology
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1181:Copeia, 676–681.
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584:low testosterone
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354:Animal sexuality
282:Sexual selection
60:Biological terms
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1169:Further reading
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1067:"Sex redefined"
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855:Conn's syndrome
821:pituitary gland
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663:Two processes:
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604:urethral groove
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580:delayed puberty
549:masculinization
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369:Differentiation
359:Human sexuality
349:Plant sexuality
236:Spermatogenesis
132:Homogametic sex
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1271:Gametogenesis
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455:This article
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404:Hermaphrodite
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385:Sexual system
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1731:Testosterone
1530:Paternal age
1526:Maternal age
1499:Tanner scale
1482:Virilization
1481:
1477:Feminization
1427:Implantation
1413:Insemination
1397:Ejaculation
1373:Masturbation
1289:spermatocyte
1261:Luteal phase
1246:Menstruation
1175:
1147:
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1130:. Retrieved
1126:
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1049:. Retrieved
1045:
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950:hypogonadism
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870:
851:(late-onset)
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646:Y chromosome
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545:Virilization
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464:Please help
459:verification
456:
253:spermatozoon
147:Y chromosome
142:X chromosome
83:Virilization
82:
78:Feminization
42:
18:Virilisation
1675:Dyspareunia
1670:Dysorgasmia
1616:Development
962:orchiectomy
926:cholesterol
793:anovulation
399:Gonochorism
186:Mating type
1726:Physiology
1721:Metabolism
1710:Categories
1695:Vaginismus
1665:Anorgasmia
1519:Adrenarche
1514:Spermarche
1494:Gonadarche
1132:2020-10-23
1051:2017-11-26
1028:References
946:andropause
865:See also:
749:pubic hair
721:See also:
492:newspapers
314:Copulation
1621:Lactation
1611:Thelarche
1588:Andrology
1535:Menopause
1432:Pregnancy
1422:Fertility
1377:Erection
1333:Germ cell
1306:Oogenesis
1294:spermatid
1256:Ovulation
1101:0028-0836
1012:Hirsutism
958:estrogens
789:menstrual
785:hirsutism
553:androgens
522:July 2023
364:Mechanics
340:Sexuality
241:Oogenesis
221:Germ cell
209:Anisogamy
1558:Vivipary
1528: /
1509:Menarche
1504:Pubarche
1386:Clitoral
1338:gonocyte
1311:oogonium
1241:Menarche
1109:25693544
992:Androgen
981:See also
898:clitoris
892:baldness
845:exposure
800:Androgen
781:clitoral
763:, while
642:SRY gene
627:intersex
596:perineum
374:Activity
35:a series
33:Part of
1593:Hormone
1489:Puberty
1079:Bibcode
971:jawline
806:ovaries
729:puberty
644:on the
638:mammals
600:scrotum
572:puberty
506:scholar
226:Meiosis
214:Isogamy
1649:Female
1603:Breast
1406:Female
1393:Orgasm
1381:Penile
1343:gamete
1316:oocyte
1154:
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1071:Nature
975:larynx
960:, and
769:gonads
650:embryo
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394:Dioecy
248:Gamete
1321:ootid
1299:sperm
823:(see
813:(see
658:RSPO1
608:penis
513:JSTOR
499:books
1644:Male
1553:Ovum
1401:Male
1326:ovum
1152:ISBN
1105:PMID
1097:ISSN
928:and
757:acne
709:and
675:High
669:male
656:and
654:WNT4
625:and
582:and
560:term
485:news
258:ovum
1545:Egg
1223:of
1087:doi
1075:518
697:Low
547:or
468:by
44:Sex
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