935:"2011 Annual Report and Analysis of Competitive Market Conditions with Respect to Mobile Wireless, including Commercial Mobile Services, WT Docket No. 10-133, Table 4 (Page 35): (1% of revenue per 1% of customers vs. 0.95% of revenue per 3.37% of customers) Service Provider Share of Subscribers and Revenues (Year-End 2009) based on John C. Hodulik, et al., U.S. Wireless 411, Version 37.0, UBS, UBS Investment Research, 7 September 2010 (U.S. Wireless 411 2Q10), based in turn on Company SEC 10-K filings"
1701:
31:
1380:
1128:"Commission Recommendation of 11 February 2003 on relevant product and service markets within the electronic communications sector susceptible to ex ante regulation in accordance with Directive 2002/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on a common regulatory framework for electronic communication networks and services (notified under document number C(2003) 497)"
310:
There are 139 MVNO brands in the US, estimated to sell service to about 7 out of every 100 US wireless subscribers, representing 23 million customers. US MVNOs resell services offered by the three national network carriers: AT&T, T-Mobile, and
Verizon. The number of MVNO customers doubled between
119:
By 2008, US wireless subscribers had a choice between around 40 MVNOs. According to the FCC, approximately 7% of all U.S. mobile subscribers were served by resellers, including MVNOs, and analysts found that the 15.1 million wireless subscribers served by resellers by the end of 2006 had increased by
247:
At the end of year 2022, there were 1,986 active MVNOs globally, more than double the amount of traditional telecom network operators. Europe lead in terms of most active MVNOs in operation with 1,012, representing half of the total global MVNO market. It is followed by
Americas with 379 MVNOs, Asia
173:
Sometimes referred to as a "Thick MVNO". The MVNO manages a more complete technical implementation with its own infrastructure which allows the MVNO more control over its offerings. These MVNOs have a heavier focus on branding, customer-ownership, and differentiation through added services like data
103:
Despite Sense's initial failure, the regulator in
Denmark saw the promise in the MVNO model as a cost-effective route for telecom companies to enter the market and in May 2000, legislation passed that required network operators with significant market power to open up access to their infrastructure.
200:
As of
December 2018, there were 1,300 active MVNOs operating in 80 countries, representing more than 220 million mobile connections—approximately 2.46% of the total 8.9 billion mobile connections in the world. The eight countries with the largest number of active MVNOs in 2018 were: the US with 139
146:
Because MVNOs are effectively defined by their lack of spectrum licenses, an MVNO necessarily will need to have agreements in place to access the network of at least one MNO. The type of MVNO is determined by how "thick" or "thin" a technological layer an MVNO adds over its access to its host MNO's
99:
in
Finland, but it failed to persuade MNOs in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Sense then appealed to EU regulators, citing provisions that required certain MNOs to allow new entrants interconnection. While Sense's claim was denied, in November 1999, the company signed a service provider agreement with
86:
In 1997 Vodafone
Australia and TotalTel launched FastFone, the world's first true prepaid MVNO utilising the worlds first fully MNO integrated MVNE platform supplied by Isoton (formerly Steadycom). FastFone's MVNO model was very successful, attracting more than 300,000 subscribers in 18 months.
90:
With
European markets newly open to competition and new technology enabling better service and cheaper handsets, there was a massive surge in demand for cellular phones. In the midst of this swell, Sense Communications fought for access to mobile network operator (MNO) spectrum in
374:
issued a recommendation to national telecom regulators to examine the competitiveness of the market for wholesale access and call origination on public mobile telephone networks. The study resulted in new regulations from regulators in several countries, including
112:. This agreement provided Tele2 with access to SONOFON's network for both mobile and roaming services, the latter of which had been requested by (and denied to) Sense Communications. With the new regulations in place, MVNOs in Scandinavia eventually grew to a
243:
MVNOs target both the consumer and enterprise markets. The majority of MVNOs are consumer-focused and most have a focus on price as their selling point; on average, customers of major carriers spend about 3.4 times as much on their service as MVNO customers.
54:
to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a
437:, to permit VNOs in the country, and announced the grant of a unified license for Virtual Network Operators on 31 May 2016. VNOs have formed an association to represent current regulatory issues impacting their MVNO business viability.
231:
network infrastructure. The move came not necessarily to compete in the telecommunications market, but to offer a greater value to customers of the banking division. There have been several banks in South Africa making this move, like
164:
Sometimes referred to as a "Light MVNO". The service provider operates its own customer support, marketing, sales and distribution operations, and has the ability to set its tariffs independently from the retail prices set by the MNO.
155:
Sometimes referred to as a "Skinny MVNO", as the reseller almost totally relies on the MNO's facilities. They do not own any network elements, but may own and operate their own customer care, marketing, and sales operations.
1384:
1689:
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190:
As of June 2014, 943 MVNOs and 255 MNO sub-brands were active worldwide. This represents a total of almost 1,200 mobile service providers worldwide hosted by MNOs, up from 1,036 in 2012,
468:
423:
335:
473:
362:
Vietnam currently has 5 MVNO providers as May 2024, mostly operating and relying on 2 main providers: VinaPhone and
Mobifone. Thsese includes: |-Local |-FPT |-Wintel |-iTel |-VNSky
305:
201:
MVNOs (4.7% market share), Germany with 135 (19.5% market share), Japan 83 (10.6%), UK 77 (15.9%), Australia 66 (13.1%), Spain 63 (11.5%), France 53 (11.2%) and
Denmark 49 (34.6%).
1368:
67:
MVNO agreements with network operators date back to the 1990s, when the
European and Australian telecom markets saw market liberalization, new regulatory frameworks, better
1682:
699:
463:
1667:
349:
182:
These MVNOs have a network implementation operating essentially the same technology as a mobile network operator. Full MVNOs only lack their own radio networks.
340:
The UK had 77 active MVNOs as of December 2018. The MVNOs combined market share was 15.9% of the total UK mobile market, representing 15.3 million connections.
256:
Some MVNOs have a presence in multiple countries, either as subsidiaries, joint ventures, or through brand licensing agreements with local partners, including
1433:
652:
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433:, the Telecom Department under the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, accepted a recommendation from the national telecom regulator,
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has registered three MVNOs so far, some having their own network infrastructure within major cities, but acting as an MVNO out of these cities.
959:
408:
434:
1354:
128:
MVNOs are distinguished by their commitment to owning and managing the operational components of the MVNO business model, consisting of:
772:
452:
220:
227:
providing voice, SMS and data services. As of 31 December 2019, FNB Connect had around 670,000 subscribers. The service makes use of
674:
197:
Intelligence, between June 2010 and June 2015, the number of MVNOs worldwide increased by 70 percent, reaching 1,017 in June 2015.
820:
100:
Telia/Telenor Mobile for GSM network capacity access, allowing Sense to offer services to its own customers in Sweden and Norway.
615:
296:
Japan has about 80 MVNO brands, and the market share of MVNOs is 12.2% in 2019. The total number of contractors is 22.3 million.
139:
79:
allocated to wireless service, new mobile entrants were still limited by their ability to access frequency bands in a restricted
1011:
135:
Service packaging, pricing, and billing systems, including value-added services like voicemail and missed call notifications.
56:
703:
132:
Access to basic network infrastructure, like base stations, transceivers, home location registers, and switching centres.
1477:
1149:
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419:
422:(TOT) in 2009. As of January 2017, two of the original five MVNOs are still in service. As of December 2018, the
478:
886:
418:, five MVNOs were given a Type II license to operate on the 2100 MHz 3G network of state telecom service
389:'s top watchdog issued its first MVNO regulations in 2008, facilitating the creation of the first MVNO in the
1286:
1215:
1501:
1470:
51:
521:
446:
411:, in November 2010. As of September 2014 the combined market share of all Brazilian MVNOs was just 0.04%.
354:
Ireland has seven active MVNO brands as of February 2021, and the market share of MVNOs in 2022 is 13.4%.
47:
1312:
1127:
1101:
726:"Annual Report and Analysis of Competitive Market Conditions with Respect to Commercial Mobile Services"
204:
In addition to traditional cellular voice and messaging services, in 2014, 120 MVNOs also were offering
750:
1264:
934:
314:
The three US national carriers have partial or full ownership of several large MVNO brands, such as
1769:
426:(NBTC) had issued 58 MVNO licenses in Thailand, a total of nine have launched, four remain active.
376:
371:
981:
50:
over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a
864:
725:
544:
237:
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592:
568:
323:
319:
311:
2009 and 2012 because the FCC set rules, easing the ability for customers to switch networks.
34:
An MVNO does not own its own network infrastructure, and simply uses an MNO's infrastructure.
315:
205:
776:
1610:
248:
with 322, International with 131, Oceania with 84, Africa with 54 and Middle East with 5.
630:
71:
network technology, and a subsequent jump in wireless subscriber numbers. Though the new
17:
1638:
1054:
80:
76:
1172:"La lecture par l'Autorité de régulation des télécommunications de l'article L.1425-1"
1171:
30:
1788:
499:
261:
233:
1007:
396:
The Saudi government is making preparations to permit MVNO services in the country.
1405:
909:
273:
216:
113:
1194:"The right call: Mobile remains a sector highlight, while 3G access boosts demand"
1759:
1754:
1700:
1238:
277:
224:
92:
1318:. The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, India. 31 May 2016
1604:
1032:
390:
257:
285:
281:
1130:. Erkki Liikanen, Commission of the European Communities. 11 February 2003
1080:"The state of MVNO in 2018 – More than 1,300 active MVNOs in 80 countries"
843:"The state of MVNO in 2018 – More than 1,300 active MVNOs in 80 countries"
653:"Sense Communications buys GSM network capacity from Telia/Telenor Mobile"
616:"Mobile Virtual Network Operators in Europe. Strategic and Legal Analysis"
1716:
1559:
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105:
46:) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the
1726:
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1415:
1313:"Guidelines for Grant of Unified License (Virtual Network Operators)"
404:
400:
386:
380:
269:
265:
228:
209:
96:
800:"GSMA Intelligence — Research — The global MVNO landscape, 2012–14"
1541:
430:
109:
29:
1462:
1216:"MVNOs signal change for Saudi telecoms | Saudi Arabia 2015"
1633:
1379:
194:
1671:
1466:
1350:
675:"COMPETITION POLICY IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THE CASE OF DENMARK"
887:"These are Uganda's Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)"
288:
Mobile in two countries, and L-Mobi Mobile in two countries.
95:
in 1997. Sense was able to establish an MVNO agreement with
1392:
72:
68:
960:"At the end of 2022 there were 1986 active MVNOs globally"
593:"An overview of the GSM system by Javier Gozalvez Sempere"
680:. International Telecommunication Union. 1 November 2002
1337:
1055:"The Best Cheap Cell Phone Plans You've Never Heard Of"
424:
National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission
336:
List of United Kingdom mobile virtual network operators
982:"総務省｜電気通信サービスの契約数及びシェアに関する四半期データの公表 （令和元年度第1四半期（6月末））"
383:
forcing operators to open up their networks to MVNOs.
306:
List of United States mobile virtual network operators
142:
activities like customer care and dispute resolution.
865:"1 in 4 MVNOs upgraded to offering mobile broadband"
731:. Federal Communications Commission. 1 February 2008
108:
had solidified the first viable MVNO agreement with
1626:
1597:
1569:
1534:
1500:
1442:
1424:
1391:
138:Consumer-facing aspects like sales, marketing, and
1033:"Change in the domestic MVNO market (March 2019)"
1338:"Virtual Network Operators Association of INDIA"
821:"Report: Number of MVNOs exceeds 1,000 globally"
702:. Analysys Mason. 28 June 2011. Archived from
350:List of Irish mobile virtual network operators
75:networks more efficiently managed the limited
1683:
1478:
1362:
1150:"ComReg opens mobile networks to competition"
8:
1743:New Zealand mobile virtual network operators
1434:Mobile Telecommunications Company of Esfahan
775:. MVNO Dynamics. 4 May 2011. Archived from
1736:
1690:
1676:
1668:
1485:
1471:
1463:
1369:
1355:
1347:
1082:. Yozzo, Allan Rasmussen. 25 December 2018
962:. Yozzo, Allan Rasmussen. 17 February 2023
845:. Yozzo, Allan Rasmussen. 25 December 2018
87:Vodafone purchased the business in 1999.
1401:Mobile Telecommunication Company of Iran
1106:Commission for Communications Regulation
524:. Yozzo, Allan Rasmussen. 20 August 2022
215:In 2015, one of the "big five" banks in
1012:Telecommunications Carriers Association
522:"Mobile Virtual Network Enabler (MVNE)"
490:
1237:Marcelo Teixeira (23 September 2014).
1218:. Oxford Business Group. 30 March 2015
409:Brazilian Agency of Telecommunications
1196:. Oxford Business Group. January 2012
1035:. MM Research Institute. 13 June 2019
563:
561:
435:Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
104:By August of that same year, the MNO
7:
1706:New Zealand mobile network operators
1287:"MVNO license number 58 in Thailand"
1008:"Number of mobile phone subscribers"
178:Full mobile virtual network operator
120:1.6 million over the previous year.
1102:"Quarterly Key Data Report Q3 2022"
751:"MVNO Types and Operational Models"
629:Allan T. Rasmussen (31 July 2016).
498:Allan Rasmussen (9 February 2007).
1598:Partnership with Lifecell Services
1152:. The Irish Times. 9 December 2004
798:GSMA Intelligence (12 June 2014).
773:"MVNO Classifications & Types"
453:Competitive local exchange carrier
25:
27:Wireless telecom service reseller
1800:Mobile virtual network operators
1699:
1571:Mobile virtual network operators
1385:Iranian mobile network operators
1378:
910:"FNB Connect sees strong growth"
908:Gilbert, Paula (18 March 2019).
140:customer relationship management
48:wireless network infrastructure
40:mobile virtual network operator
57:mobile virtual network enabler
1:
1535:Ownership by another partner
469:List of United Kingdom MVNOs
1265:"Another TOT MVNO hangs up"
655:. Telenor. 23 November 1999
474:List of United States MVNOs
1816:
1174:. l’ARCEP. 7 December 2005
420:TOT Public Company Limited
347:
333:
303:
1750:
1739:
1735:
1712:
1627:Lifecell Digital Services
1581:Turkcell Europe (Germany)
1263:Yozzo (28 January 2017).
889:. Techjaja. 13 March 2015
753:. Yozzo.com. 10 July 2016
403:, MVNOs are regulated by
169:Enhanced Service Provider
1502:Mobile network operators
479:Virtual Network Operator
223:, created an MVNO named
18:Virtual Network Operator
1239:"MVNO Market in Brazil"
867:. Blycroft. 31 May 2011
52:mobile network operator
543:Van Thanh, Do (2001).
447:Generic Access Network
174:and SIM applications.
35:
1587:Bursa Mobile (Turkey)
631:"The History of MVNO"
240:established in 2019.
208:services. In Africa,
33:
1584:E-Lux Mobile (Syria)
614:Sasinovskaya, Olga.
280:in three countries,
1293:. 24 September 2018
464:List of Turkey MVNO
459:List of Europe MNOs
372:European Commission
276:in four countries,
272:in five countries,
252:Multinational MVNOs
706:on 15 October 2018
284:in six countries,
36:
1795:Mobile technology
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1665:
1664:
1578:Lifecell (Turkey)
1524:(Northern Cyprus)
1460:
1459:
1340:. 31 August 2017.
1108:. 8 December 2022
779:on 10 August 2016
545:"Guest Editorial"
500:"MVNO Definition"
324:Metro by T-Mobile
320:TracFone Wireless
268:in 10 countries,
264:in 14 countries,
260:in 60 countries,
16:(Redirected from
1807:
1770:Warehouse Mobile
1760:Slingshot Mobile
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1527:life:) (Belarus)
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823:. FierceWireless
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700:"Analysys Mason"
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316:Cricket Wireless
206:mobile broadband
186:Around the world
160:Service Provider
151:Branded reseller
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77:frequency bands
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1243:Tech in Brazil
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940:. 27 June 2011
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595:. Web.fe.up.pt
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348:Main article:
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322:(Verizon) and
304:Main article:
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1267:. Yozzo.com
1200:10 February
1086:26 December
966:18 February
919:14 February
849:26 December
633:. Yozzo.com
569:"GSM Paper"
528:18 February
502:. Yozzo.com
278:Line Mobile
225:FNB Connect
93:Scandinavia
1789:Categories
1605:Albtelecom
1064:18 October
992:26 October
486:References
391:Arab world
366:Regulation
334:See also:
258:Lycamobile
1611:CG Global
1607:(Albania)
1562:(Moldova)
1556:(Georgia)
1512:(Ukraine)
1112:2 January
393:in 2010.
286:Kogan.com
282:Aldi Talk
238:SB Mobile
147:network.
1717:2degrees
1652:Dergilik
1560:Moldcell
1548:Azercell
1518:(Turkey)
1516:Turkcell
1510:Lifecell
893:19 March
441:See also
416:Thailand
81:spectrum
59:(MVNE).
1658:Paycell
1646:Lifebox
1617:Digicel
1613:(Nepal)
1554:Geocell
1522:KKTCell
1411:RighTel
1322:23 July
1248:17 July
1178:23 July
1156:23 July
1134:23 July
805:17 July
659:23 July
377:Ireland
358:Vietnam
344:Ireland
106:SONOFON
63:History
1765:Skinny
1655:UpCall
1452:Shatel
1426:Merger
1416:Taliya
1222:4 July
871:31 May
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783:4 July
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455:(CLEC)
407:, the
405:Anatel
401:Brazil
387:Jordan
381:France
270:CMLink
266:Lebara
229:Cell C
210:Uganda
97:Sonera
1722:Spark
1649:Yaani
1542:Kcell
1316:(PDF)
1059:PCMAG
944:9 May
938:(PDF)
914:ITWeb
729:(PDF)
678:(PDF)
572:(PDF)
548:(PDF)
481:(VNO)
449:(GAN)
431:India
292:Japan
124:Types
110:Tele2
1634:Fizy
1444:MVNO
1324:2016
1299:2018
1273:2017
1250:2015
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379:and
195:GSMA
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1643:TV+
986:総務省
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236:'s
221:FNB
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