132:
36:
118:
891:
4592:
172:
1121:
1042:, was brought up to try to slow the Soviet advance north of Orsha. By midnight, however, the 11th Guards Army had shattered the remnant of VI Corps in the 'Hessen' line, and the 78th Sturm Division's situation was becoming untenable: 26 June saw the German forces in retreat. Soviet tank forces of the
922:
By 27 June LIII Corps had been dispersed, its 30,000 men being almost all killed or taken prisoner; a group of several thousand from the 4th
Luftwaffe Field Division initially managed to break out, but was liquidated in the forests west of Vitebsk. The remnants of IX Corps were retreating to the
1029:
was able to break through the German lines in a marshy, thinly-held area to the north of the 78th Sturm
Division, which was ordered back to the 'Hessen' line, the third defence zone. It was now struggling to maintain contact with the 25th Panzergrenadier Division to the south. Chernyakhovsky,
915:'s commander, Reinhardt, was only able to get this decision reversed by insisting on being parachuted in himself if Hitler continued to order it. By the evening Soviet forces were fighting their way into the city and Gollwitzer finally ordered the garrison to withdraw too, in defiance of the
833:
of four divisions, was already serious, as Soviet forces were clearly intending to encircle the city, but no reserves were available to shore up the collapsing defences, and requests to withdraw German troops to the second defense lines, the 'Tiger' line, were denied by the
1037:
Völckers's position was further threatened by the near-collapse of the Third Panzer Army's VI Corps, immediately to the north. At 11:20 on 25 June the VI Corps, which had been cut off from its parent formation, was reassigned to Fourth Army. Part of its reserve, the
1030:
encouraged by the 1st Guards Rifle
Division's progress, pushed a mixed cavalry / mechanised exploitation force into the breach in the German lines. On 25 June, the German defences began to rupture; a counter-attack at
902:
Soviet plans in this sector met with overwhelming success. The 4th
Luftwaffe Field Division was cut off and destroyed by the 39th Army on the evening of 25 June, and by the next day the 246th Infantry and
1175:
The Soviet record, given in Glantz, p.85, states that this group was first intercepted by the 179th Rifle
Division at Lake Sarro on 26 June, and was eventually destroyed near Iakubovschina on 27 June.
4648:
4653:
3163:
2516:
4514:
2532:
264:
1100:
Heavy damage was inflicted on German forces, with the LIII Corps of Third Panzer Army being almost eliminated and other corps suffering high levels of casualties and loss of equipment.
2455:
2427:
1571:
2859:
4493:
3172:
1993:
1015:
holding the lines to the south. As a result of the strong defenses in this sector, Soviet plans included the commitment of heavily armed engineer units to assist in a breakthrough.
3475:
2838:
2147:
1772:
2488:
2434:
1620:
2945:
2441:
2057:
1467:
2831:
2278:
2154:
2131:
1511:
2568:
1880:
2387:
1689:
4386:
3179:
3142:
3119:
2640:
1562:
1532:
999:, would form the northern 'pincer' of the encirclement aimed at destroying Fourth Army. The Minsk road was protected by extensive defensive works manned by the
257:
3272:
2332:
3128:
3112:
3084:
2852:
1539:
1066:, was killed on 28 June after losing contact with his divisions. Völckers was ordered to hold fast, but lacked the necessary resources despite shifting his
4633:
4029:
3096:
3008:
2952:
2915:
2908:
2197:
3001:
1733:
3048:
4507:
3135:
1525:
1483:
4356:
2175:
1949:
1712:
1578:
1389:
250:
3251:
2085:
1585:
1497:
1433:
1012:
876:
3454:
2966:
1816:
1354:
1050:
at speed, with a subsidiary force breaking off to encircle Orsha, which was liberated on the evening of 26 June. The main exploitation force,
4050:
3482:
3228:
3103:
2189:
2020:
1726:
1643:
4283:
3690:
1058:, was then committed through the gap torn in the German lines. VI Corps finally crumbled completely, its rear elements falling back towards
939:
liberated: even more significantly, a huge gap had been torn in the German lines to the north of Fourth Army in the former VI Corps sector.
911:
insisted that a staff officer be parachuted into
Vitebsk to remind Gollwitzer that the trapped 206th Infantry Division should not withdraw;
3576:
2741:
2208:
2204:
2182:
1786:
4198:
3662:
2994:
2980:
2193:
1067:
904:
872:
856:
852:
826:
818:
814:
177:
4276:
3732:
1963:
4407:
4154:
3447:
3398:
3156:
2711:
1802:
1650:
1504:
1000:
851:, blowing the bridges during its retreat. In the south much of the VI Corps had been annihilated, and its southernmost divisions (the
2462:
4523:
3405:
3377:
3194:
2776:
2495:
1323:
1300:
1281:
1255:
1233:
751:
3718:
821:
Infantry
Divisions were overrun and consumed by an overwhelming Soviet assault, with a particularly effective breakthrough by the
4560:
3955:
3655:
2894:
2790:
2626:
2303:
1749:
459:
Commit motorised / cavalry exploitation forces through the gap opened once the highway had been cleared, opening the way for the
3914:
2686:
1122:"Vitebsk : The Fight and Destruction of the 3rd Panzer Army" by Otto Heidkamper and Linden Lyons, Casemate Publishers, 2017
65:
4084:
3925:
3750:
3509:
3468:
3361:
3299:
1956:
1825:
1793:
4320:
4113:
3350:
2473:
4470:
4442:
2801:
2523:
2163:
1894:
1613:
1518:
1403:
1071:
928:
884:
655:
616:– fortified towns to be held at all costs – under the command of Gollwitzer (Vitebsk) and General Traut of the XXVII Corps's
598:
4414:
4345:
4170:
3384:
35:
4530:
4463:
3676:
3627:
3391:
2987:
2748:
2539:
1592:
1103:
The breakthrough of exploitation forces at Orsha, in combination with a similar breakthrough in the south in the parallel
1039:
650:
594:
4638:
4604:
4500:
3875:
3836:
2755:
2590:
2575:
2502:
2481:
2299:
1977:
1763:
1756:
1740:
1451:
1410:
1382:
1104:
956:
4567:
3891:
3843:
3461:
3433:
3286:
2901:
2880:
2401:
2064:
1460:
968:
308:
4365:
3569:
1970:
358:
4643:
3861:
3780:
3725:
3613:
3219:
2845:
2769:
2671:
2548:
2420:
2413:
2373:
2346:
2078:
2011:
1678:
1606:
1417:
1347:
4658:
4267:
4184:
3969:
3829:
3801:
3634:
3539:
3329:
2762:
1836:
1490:
1108:
1026:
798:
538:
468:
413:. A Soviet breakthrough during the offensive helped achieve the encirclement of German troops in the subsequent
4006:
3983:
3235:
3036:
3029:
2693:
2353:
2325:
2318:
2041:
1705:
864:
863:, where they attempted to make a final stand in the 'Hessen' line, the third defence zone. The Soviet 43rd and
794:
702:
697:
660:
501:
tanks of the 116th
Separate Engineering Tank Regiment were committed along with assault engineer companies and
318:
4428:
4372:
4242:
4102:
3787:
3440:
3336:
3242:
2810:
2678:
2648:
2612:
2597:
2469:
2361:
2339:
2285:
2271:
2253:
1917:
1698:
1426:
1375:
916:
890:
880:
836:
822:
692:
4120:
4013:
3815:
3766:
3669:
3562:
3532:
3315:
3203:
2929:
2720:
2311:
2292:
2262:
1809:
1779:
895:
628:
2783:
859:
Infantry
Divisions) had become separated from the remainder of Third Panzer Army by heavy attacks around
313:
298:
4611:
4334:
4177:
4073:
4043:
3999:
3739:
3704:
3697:
3620:
3518:
2959:
2936:
2394:
1931:
1671:
1657:
1340:
1043:
996:
988:
964:
952:
783:
672:
581:
575:
196:
157:
1986:
353:
338:
333:
4435:
4290:
3941:
3898:
3868:
3794:
3604:
3583:
2509:
1664:
1055:
948:
868:
830:
767:
747:
726:
707:
571:
552:
548:
532:
464:
373:
161:
148:
829:
Infantry
Divisions' sectors. By 24 June, the German position in Vitebsk itself, held by the central
4553:
4327:
4205:
4161:
3683:
2817:
2583:
2110:
1940:
1924:
1873:
1090:
984:
960:
867:
Armies were now converging behind Vitebsk, trapping the entire LIII Corps. LIII Corps's commander,
779:
775:
676:
644:
617:
506:
402:
274:
192:
27:
4546:
4379:
4304:
4258:
4228:
4136:
3976:
3641:
3525:
3419:
3370:
3308:
3064:
3015:
2824:
2727:
2448:
2103:
2034:
1901:
1077:
The operation effectively ceased with the arrival of 5th Guards Tank Army's forward units at the
1025:
attacked towards Orsha on 23 June but initially made little headway. By the next day, the Soviet
810:
558:
438:
348:
303:
4591:
4537:
4421:
4311:
4251:
4212:
4145:
4127:
4093:
4036:
3990:
3934:
3759:
3497:
3489:
3426:
3279:
2873:
2405:
2050:
2027:
1866:
1845:
1555:
1319:
1315:
1296:
1277:
1265:
1251:
1229:
1059:
971:. By far the most important Soviet objective, however, was immediately to the north: the main
624:
368:
343:
328:
293:
4456:
4449:
4393:
4057:
3822:
3808:
3711:
3648:
3599:
3412:
3265:
3212:
3022:
2973:
2887:
2117:
2094:
1627:
1097:
The two key cities and communication / transport centres of Vitebsk and Orsha were captured.
1051:
1022:
992:
771:
711:
682:
640:
585:
491:
390:
363:
187:
171:
4479:
4191:
4106:
4064:
3962:
3905:
3773:
3555:
3546:
3075:
2657:
2633:
2229:
1887:
932:
912:
844:
743:
529:
525:
430:
414:
323:
152:
59:
1107:, set up the planned encirclement of the bulk of the German Fourth Army in the following
4486:
4022:
3948:
2000:
1859:
1063:
1018:
686:
562:
488:
183:
793:
It was in this sector that Soviet forces had their greatest initial gains. The Soviet
4627:
4297:
2222:
2071:
1910:
1270:
1004:
848:
806:
786:, who were given the task of breaking through the defences to the north and south of
542:
166:
907:
Divisions, fighting their way along the road from Vitebsk, had also been encircled.
4596:
4400:
2700:
2605:
2236:
1599:
1363:
1243:
908:
717:
665:
460:
136:
131:
123:
4235:
4221:
3883:
2559:
2380:
2365:
1719:
502:
495:
847:
was disintegrating. In the north, IX Corps had been broken and pushed over the
3590:
3343:
3322:
2215:
1548:
1476:
860:
80:
67:
3853:
3258:
3055:
2866:
2664:
2619:
1636:
1031:
505:
regiments in several waves against the fortified and mined positions of the
2140:
2124:
1852:
1078:
475:
Soviet intelligence had revealed the depth of the German defences on the
398:
898:
fighting near the Vitebsk railway station during the assault on the city
1293:
Battle for White Russia: The destruction of Army Group Centre June 1944
936:
924:
802:
787:
755:
729:
was appointed to coordinate the operations of the two Fronts involved.
605:
434:
406:
947:
The central sector of Soviet operations was against the long front of
242:
2734:
972:
759:
476:
445:
875:
south-west of the city in order to spearhead a breakout, while the
2922:
1047:
991:
was ordered to take. A breakthrough in this area, against General
980:
976:
889:
763:
609:
484:
480:
453:
449:
410:
494:
in this sector was to be preceded by specialised engineer units;
498:
1336:
1332:
1011:
or strongpoint under 78th Sturm Division's commander, with the
750:; the lines ran through marshy terrain in the north, through a
246:
1089:
In terms of its objectives within the broader structure of
887:
was ordered to stay in the city and fight to the last man.
883:
however, denied all requests for complete evacuation: the
444:
Break through the heavily fortified area around the main
397:) was part of the Belorussian strategic offensive of the
963:, being encircled while pinned down by attacks from the
1003:, a specially reinforced unit with extra artillery and
742:
Army Group Centre's northern flank was defended by the
1994:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
4649:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
1295:. Translated by Simpkin, Richard. London: Brassey's.
1272:
Crumbling Empire: the German Defeat in the East, 1944
4654:
Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II
1312:
Bagration 1944: The Destruction of Army Group Centre
1226:
Soviet Blitzkrieg: The Battle for White Russia, 1944
4355:
4083:
3924:
3749:
3508:
3360:
3298:
3202:
3193:
3074:
2800:
2710:
2558:
2261:
2252:
2010:
1835:
1688:
1450:
1443:
1269:
623:The above units were under the overall command of
425:The immediate goals of the Soviet offensive were:
931:in pursuit: VI Corps was also largely destroyed.
1248:Byelorussia 1944: The Soviet General Staff Study
935:had been effectively shattered within days, and
405:. During the offensive, Soviet troops captured
20:
1348:
955:. Soviet plans envisaged the bulk of it, the
879:attempted to hold open the Dvina crossings.
258:
8:
1007:support. Orsha itself had been designated a
3199:
2258:
1447:
1355:
1341:
1333:
395:Витебско-Оршанская наступательная операция
265:
251:
243:
17:
951:, which was under the overall command of
1093:, the offensive was a complete success:
437:and encircle the city, which occupied a
1163:
1132:
917:Supreme High Command of the German Army
3180:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
1184:
1151:
1046:were able to push up the road towards
4051:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
3483:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
3129:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3085:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2190:Rape during the occupation of Germany
7:
3173:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2205:Rape during the liberation of France
1208:
1196:
1139:
1062:in disarray: its commander, General
805:, within hours, pushing towards the
224:126 tanks and assault guns destroyed
4634:Battles involving the Soviet Union
3399:German invasion of the Netherlands
1679:Weather events during World War II
401:in summer 1944, commonly known as
14:
4030:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
825:at the junction of the 299th and
797:broke the defences of the German
452:highway and liberate the town of
4590:
758:, to a sector north of the main
170:
130:
116:
34:
4277:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
1987:Territorial changes of Germany
1895:Indonesian National Revolution
809:river. South of the city, the
429:Break through the defences of
1:
3677:Japanese invasion of Thailand
3628:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3392:German invasion of Luxembourg
1773:Mediterranean and Middle East
1013:25th Panzergrenadier Division
983:, which the southern wing of
790:and cutting off the salient.
487:. As a result, the attack of
3584:Invasion of the Soviet Union
3273:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
2591:Independent State of Croatia
1105:Bobruysk offensive operation
873:4th Luftwaffe Field Division
4568:End of World War II in Asia
4408:Western invasion of Germany
3915:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
3892:Second Battle of El Alamein
3462:Hundred Regiments Offensive
3434:Battle of the Mediterranean
3287:Italian invasion of Albania
1461:Air warfare of World War II
969:Mogilev offensive operation
4675:
4494:Naval bombardment of Japan
3862:First Battle of El Alamein
3781:Battle of Christmas Island
3726:Japanese invasion of Burma
3490:Italian invasion of Greece
3406:German invasion of Belgium
3378:German invasion of Denmark
3351:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
3220:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1484:Comparative military ranks
1070:northwards and moving the
433:to the north and south of
4583:
4415:Bratislava–Brno offensive
4346:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
3970:Allied invasion of Sicily
3830:Aleutian Islands campaign
3802:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
3740:Greek famine of 1941–1944
3635:Second Battle of Changsha
3540:German invasion of Greece
3385:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
1727:North and Central Pacific
1370:
1109:Minsk offensive operation
1027:1st Guards Rifle Division
469:Minsk offensive operation
394:
284:
216:
203:
142:
108:
42:
33:
25:
4007:Allied invasion of Italy
3984:Solomon Islands campaign
3733:Third Battle of Changsha
3330:First Battle of Changsha
3236:Second Sino-Japanese War
2176:German military brothels
2042:United States war crimes
1224:Dunn, Walter S. (2000).
770:. It was opposed by the
4429:Second Guangxi campaign
4284:Philippines (1944–1945)
3788:Battle of the Coral Sea
3691:Fall of the Philippines
3337:Battle of South Guangxi
3243:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
2649:Italian Social Republic
1310:Zaloga, Steven (1996).
1072:286th Security Division
1068:260th Infantry Division
885:206th Infantry Division
877:246th Infantry Division
837:Oberkommando des Heeres
599:286th Security Division
387:Vitebsk–Orsha offensive
21:Vitebsk–Orsha offensive
4014:Armistice of Cassibile
3816:Battle of Dutch Harbor
3767:Battle of the Java Sea
3670:Attack on Pearl Harbor
3570:Syria–Lebanon campaign
3563:Battle of South Shanxi
3533:Invasion of Yugoslavia
3316:Battle of the Atlantic
2930:Korean Liberation Army
2643:(until September 1943)
2600:(until September 1944)
2578:(until September 1944)
1291:Niepold, Gerd (1987).
1040:14th Infantry Division
923:west, falling back on
899:
871:, had transferred the
595:14th Infantry Division
236:113 aircraft shot down
143:Commanders and leaders
4178:Second Battle of Guam
4074:Bengal famine of 1943
4044:Second Battle of Kiev
4000:Battle of the Dnieper
3705:Battle of Wake Island
3577:East African campaign
3519:Battle of South Henan
3164:atrocities by Germans
2937:Korean Volunteer Army
1918:Occupation of Germany
1672:Music in World War II
1044:2nd Guards Tank Corps
989:3rd Belorussian Front
979:road and the town of
965:2nd Belorussian Front
953:Kurt von Tippelskirch
893:
784:3rd Belorussian Front
746:under the command of
673:3rd Belorussian Front
576:Kurt von Tippelskirch
309:Skrygalovo-Konkovichi
228:17,800 taken prisoner
217:Casualties and losses
197:3rd Belorussian Front
158:Kurt von Tippelskirch
4464:Surrender of Germany
3942:Battle of West Hubei
3899:Guadalcanal campaign
3869:Battle of Stalingrad
3795:Battle of Madagascar
2569:Albania protectorate
2356:(formerly Swaziland)
2065:Wehrmacht war crimes
1881:Expulsion of Germans
1665:Art and World War II
1563:British contribution
1512:Governments in exile
1056:5th Guards Tank Army
896:158th Rifle Division
869:Friedrich Gollwitzer
748:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
727:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
708:5th Guards Tank Army
553:Friedrich Gollwitzer
533:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
441:in the German lines.
226:1,840 motor vehicles
149:Georg-Hans Reinhardt
4639:Operation Bagration
4554:Potsdam Declaration
4443:Italy (Spring 1945)
4206:Liberation of Paris
3663:Siege of Sevastopol
2681:(until August 1944)
2584:Wang Jingwei regime
2406:from September 1943
2366:from September 1944
2304:from September 1944
2164:Romanian war crimes
2155:Persecution of Jews
2141:Croatian war crimes
2111:Japanese war crimes
1925:Occupation of Japan
1874:First Indochina War
1586:Military production
1498:Declarations of war
1091:Operation Bagration
1001:78th Sturm Division
905:6th Luftwaffe Field
776:Hovhannes Bagramyan
677:Ivan Chernyakhovsky
645:Hovhannes Bagramyan
618:78th Sturm Division
507:78th Sturm Division
403:Operation Bagration
276:Operation Bagration
234:318 tanks destroyed
193:Ivan Chernyakhovsky
77: /
28:Operation Bagration
4547:Surrender of Japan
4380:Battle of Iwo Jima
4229:Belgrade offensive
3642:Siege of Leningrad
3526:Battle of Shanggao
3455:British Somaliland
3420:Dunkirk evacuation
3371:Norwegian campaign
3309:Invasion of Poland
3136:Japanese prisoners
2104:Italian war crimes
2035:British war crimes
1950:Soviet occupations
1734:South-West Pacific
1621:Allied cooperation
1579:Military equipment
1266:Mitcham, Samuel W.
1211:, pp. 149–50.
957:XXXIX Panzer Corps
900:
801:, to the north of
766:road, held by the
754:round the city of
612:had been declared
570:Northern flank of
4644:Conflicts in 1944
4621:
4620:
4579:
4578:
4422:Battle of Okinawa
4321:Burma (1944–1945)
4155:Mariana and Palau
3935:Tunisian campaign
3760:Fall of Singapore
3684:Fall of Hong Kong
3427:Battle of Britain
3280:Operation Himmler
3189:
3188:
2853:Dutch East Indies
2496:Southern Rhodesia
2248:
2247:
2148:Genocide of Serbs
2051:German war crimes
2028:Soviet war crimes
2021:Allied war crimes
1867:Division of Korea
1846:Chinese Civil War
1644:Strategic bombing
1556:Manhattan Project
1316:Osprey Publishing
933:Third Panzer Army
913:Third Panzer Army
845:Third Panzer Army
744:Third Panzer Army
625:Army Group Centre
526:Third Panzer Army
382:
381:
241:
240:
153:Third Panzer Army
104:
103:
4666:
4659:June 1944 events
4614:
4607:
4600:
4597:World portal
4595:
4594:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4457:Prague offensive
4452:
4450:Battle of Berlin
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4394:Vienna offensive
4389:
4382:
4375:
4373:Battle of Manila
4368:
4348:
4339:
4330:
4323:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4263:
4254:
4247:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4157:
4150:
4141:
4132:
4123:
4116:
4114:Korsun–Cherkassy
4109:
4098:
4076:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3956:Bombing of Gorky
3951:
3944:
3937:
3917:
3910:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3823:Battle of Midway
3818:
3811:
3809:Battle of Gazala
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3719:Battle of Borneo
3714:
3712:Malayan campaign
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3656:Bombing of Gorky
3651:
3649:Battle of Moscow
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3501:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3413:Battle of France
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3266:Munich Agreement
3261:
3254:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3222:
3215:
3200:
3182:
3175:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3151:Soviet prisoners
3145:
3138:
3131:
3122:
3115:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3091:German prisoners
3087:
3067:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2651:
2644:
2636:
2629:
2627:French Indochina
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2551:
2542:
2535:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2474:from August 1944
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2357:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2259:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2200:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2118:Nanjing Massacre
2113:
2106:
2097:
2095:Nuremberg trials
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1699:Asia and Pacific
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1630:
1628:Mulberry harbour
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1463:
1448:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1334:
1329:
1306:
1287:
1275:
1261:
1244:Glantz, David M.
1239:
1228:. Lynne Riener.
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1187:, pp. 56–7.
1182:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1074:into the lines.
1052:Pavel Rotmistrov
1023:11th Guards Army
967:in the parallel
772:1st Baltic Front
712:Pavel Rotmistrov
683:11th Guards Army
641:1st Baltic Front
492:11th Guards Army
396:
279:
277:
267:
260:
253:
244:
188:1st Baltic Front
174:
135:
134:
126:
122:
120:
119:
92:
91:
89:
88:
87:
82:
78:
75:
74:
73:
70:
44:
43:
38:
18:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4589:
4587:
4575:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4513:
4508:Atomic bombings
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4351:
4344:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4266:
4257:
4250:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4211:
4204:
4199:Eastern Romania
4197:
4192:Warsaw Uprising
4190:
4185:Tannenberg Line
4183:
4176:
4171:Western Ukraine
4169:
4160:
4153:
4144:
4135:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4101:
4092:
4079:
4072:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3963:Battle of Kursk
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3920:
3913:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3851:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3774:St Nazaire Raid
3772:
3765:
3758:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3598:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3556:Anglo-Iraqi War
3554:
3547:Battle of Crete
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3504:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3476:Eastern Romania
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3294:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3218:
3211:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3162:
3155:
3150:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3118:
3111:
3102:
3095:
3090:
3083:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3037:Western Ukraine
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2981:Northeast China
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2687:Slovak Republic
2685:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2658:Empire of Japan
2656:
2647:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2567:
2554:
2547:
2538:
2531:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2360:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2244:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2203:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2170:Sexual violence
2169:
2162:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1900:
1893:
1888:Greek Civil War
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1713:South-East Asia
1711:
1704:
1697:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1572:Military awards
1570:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1466:
1459:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1397:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1361:
1326:
1309:
1303:
1290:
1284:
1264:
1258:
1242:
1236:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1142:, pp. 1–2.
1138:
1134:
1130:
1118:
1087:
945:
929:6th Guards Army
740:
735:
656:6th Guards Army
637:
627:(Field-Marshal
530:Colonel-General
522:
515:
431:3rd Panzer Army
423:
415:Minsk offensive
383:
378:
280:
275:
273:
271:
237:
235:
233:
229:
227:
225:
223:
191:
175:
165:
156:
129:
117:
115:
114:
85:
83:
79:
76:
71:
68:
66:
64:
63:
62:
60:Belorussian SSR
50:23–28 June 1944
12:
11:
5:
4672:
4670:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4626:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4527:
4524:South Sakhalin
4520:
4519:
4518:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4361:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4324:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4264:
4255:
4248:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4158:
4151:
4142:
4133:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4003:
3996:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3949:Battle of Attu
3945:
3938:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3755:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3698:Battle of Guam
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3621:Battle of Kiev
3617:
3610:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3208:
3206:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3132:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:United Kingdom
3116:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3088:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:British Empire
2517:United Kingdom
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2358:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2333:Czechoslovakia
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2230:Rape of Manila
2226:
2219:
2212:
2201:
2186:
2179:
2167:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2107:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2068:
2061:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2001:United Nations
1997:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1860:Decolonization
1856:
1849:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1806:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1533:United Kingdom
1529:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1456:
1454:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1379:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1307:
1301:
1288:
1282:
1262:
1256:
1240:
1234:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1201:
1199:, p. 149.
1189:
1177:
1168:
1164:Mitcham (2001)
1156:
1144:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1116:External links
1114:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1098:
1086:
1083:
1064:Georg Pfeiffer
985:Chernyakhovsky
944:
941:
894:Troops of the
780:Chernyakhovsky
739:
736:
734:
731:
723:
722:
721:
720:
715:
705:
700:
695:
690:
687:Kuzma Galitsky
670:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
651:4th Shock Army
636:
633:
604:The cities of
602:
601:
591:
590:
589:
568:
567:
566:
563:Georg Pfeiffer
556:
546:
521:
516:
514:
511:
473:
472:
463:of the German
457:
442:
422:
419:
380:
379:
377:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
285:
282:
281:
272:
270:
269:
262:
255:
247:
239:
238:
230:
219:
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
201:
200:
184:Ivan Bagramyan
181:
178:206th Division
145:
144:
140:
139:
127:
111:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
100:Soviet victory
98:
94:
93:
58:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
31:
30:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4671:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:Kuril Islands
4528:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4298:Syrmian Front
4295:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4244:Market Garden
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4103:Monte Cassino
4100:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:Baltic states
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:United States
3110:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3049:Quốc dân Đảng
3046:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:Liechtenstein
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:United States
2530:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:Comfort women
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2207: /
2206:
2202:
2199:
2196: /
2195:
2192: /
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:Camp brothels
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:The Holocaust
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:forced labour
2055:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:Marshall Plan
1908:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1764:Eastern Front
1761:
1758:
1757:Western Front
1754:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:Puppet states
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:Naval history
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1540:United States
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1327:
1325:9781855324787
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1302:9780080336060
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1283:9780275968564
1279:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1257:9780415351164
1253:
1250:. Routledge.
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1235:9781555878801
1231:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:Zaloga (1996)
1181:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1166:, p. 24.
1165:
1160:
1157:
1154:, p. 52.
1153:
1152:Zaloga (1996)
1148:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
993:Paul Völckers
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
942:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
897:
892:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
841:
839:
838:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
737:
733:The offensive
732:
730:
728:
719:
716:
713:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
688:
684:
681:
680:
678:
674:
671:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
646:
642:
639:
638:
634:
632:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
600:
596:
592:
587:
586:Paul Völckers
583:
580:
579:
577:
573:
569:
564:
560:
557:
554:
550:
547:
544:
543:Rolf Wuthmann
540:
537:
536:
534:
531:
527:
524:
523:
520:
517:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
497:
493:
490:
486:
483:highway near
482:
478:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
426:
420:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
392:
388:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
289:Vitebsk–Orsha
287:
286:
283:
278:
268:
263:
261:
256:
254:
249:
248:
245:
232:11,014 killed
231:
222:41,700 killed
221:
220:
215:
211:
208:
207:
202:
198:
194:
189:
185:
182:
179:
173:
168:
167:Alfons Hitter
163:
159:
154:
150:
147:
146:
141:
138:
133:
128:
125:
113:
112:
107:
99:
96:
95:
90:
81:55.2°N 30.2°E
61:
57:
54:
53:
49:
46:
45:
41:
37:
32:
29:
24:
19:
16:
4605:Bibliography
4588:
4401:Project Hula
4366:Vistula–Oder
4335:
4268:
4259:
4243:
4213:
4162:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4094:
3991:
3906:
3882:
3852:
3603:
3496:
3441:North Africa
3143:Soviet Union
3097:Soviet Union
3023:Soviet Union
2791:Vatican City
2701:Vichy France
2606:German Reich
2503:Soviet Union
2489:South Africa
2482:Sierra Leone
2435:Newfoundland
2254:Participants
2237:Marocchinate
1941:
1932:
1902:
1780:North Africa
1741:Indian Ocean
1600:Nazi plunder
1491:Cryptography
1364:World War II
1311:
1292:
1271:
1247:
1225:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1088:
1085:Consequences
1081:on 28 June.
1076:
1036:
1017:
1009:Fester Platz
1008:
946:
921:
901:
842:
835:
792:
741:
724:
718:1st Air Army
666:3rd Air Army
622:
614:Fester Platz
613:
603:
518:
496:mine rolling
474:
461:encirclement
424:
386:
384:
359:Lublin–Brest
319:Doroshevichi
288:
137:Soviet Union
109:Belligerents
15:
4336:Bodenplatte
4222:Gothic Line
3448:West Africa
2995:Philippines
2974:Netherlands
2839:Czech lands
2777:Switzerland
2721:Afghanistan
2672:Philippines
2540:Puerto Rico
2456:Philippines
2442:New Zealand
2428:Netherlands
2381:Free France
2132:Prosecution
1933:Osoaviakhim
1803:West Africa
1787:East Africa
1434:Conferences
1276:. Praeger.
1209:Dunn (2000)
1197:Dunn (2000)
1140:Dunn (2000)
1005:assault gun
997:XXVII Corps
949:Fourth Army
843:By 25 June
768:Fourth Army
629:Ernst Busch
582:XXVII Corps
572:Fourth Army
513:Deployments
503:assault gun
212:359,000 men
209:165,000 men
162:Fourth Army
84: /
4628:Categories
4436:West Hunan
4269:Pointblank
3605:Silver Fox
3591:Summer War
3344:Winter War
3323:Phoney War
3104:Azerbaijan
3065:Yugoslavia
2960:Luxembourg
2802:Resistance
2549:Yugoslavia
2414:Luxembourg
2216:Sook Ching
2012:War crimes
1614:Technology
1607:Opposition
1549:Lend-Lease
1526:Australian
1519:Home front
1477:Blitzkrieg
1427:Casualties
1418:Commanders
1390:Operations
1218:References
861:Bogushevsk
831:LIII Corps
549:LIII Corps
489:Galitsky's
374:Studzianki
86:55.2; 30.2
4501:Manchuria
4387:Indochina
4163:Bagration
3614:Lithuania
3259:Anschluss
3056:Viet Minh
2953:Lithuania
2895:Hong Kong
2665:Manchukuo
2620:Azad Hind
2279:Australia
2079:Aftermath
1942:Paperclip
1837:Aftermath
1637:Total war
1505:Diplomacy
1468:In Europe
1128:Footnotes
1032:Orekhovsk
961:XII Corps
927:with the
795:43rd Army
710:(General
703:31st Army
698:39th Army
685:(General
675:(General
661:43rd Army
643:(General
620:(Orsha).
593:Reserve:
584:(General
574:(General
561:(General
551:(General
541:(General
519:Wehrmacht
4612:Category
4561:document
4471:document
4328:Ardennes
4312:Budapest
4260:Crossbow
4138:Overlord
3977:Smolensk
3195:Timeline
3030:Slovakia
3016:Thailand
2867:Ethiopia
2832:Bulgaria
2756:Portugal
2694:Thailand
2576:Bulgaria
2354:Eswatini
2347:Ethiopia
2300:Bulgaria
2125:Unit 731
2086:Response
1903:Keelhaul
1853:Cold War
1826:Americas
1817:timeline
1810:Atlantic
1690:Theaters
1268:(2001).
1246:(2004).
1079:Berezina
1034:failed.
1019:Galitsky
919:orders.
823:5th Army
811:VI Corps
799:IX Corps
725:Marshal
693:5th Army
635:Red Army
559:VI Corps
539:IX Corps
465:4th Army
421:Planning
399:Red Army
354:Šiauliai
349:Belostok
314:Petrikov
304:Bobruysk
299:Zdudichi
204:Strength
55:Location
26:Part of
4538:Shumshu
4305:Hungary
4252:Estonia
4236:Lapland
4214:Dragoon
4147:Neptune
4129:Ichi-Go
4095:Tempest
4037:Changde
3992:Cottage
3884:Jubilee
3600:Finland
3498:Compass
3204:Prelude
3157:Finland
3043:Vietnam
3009:Romania
2881:Germany
2860:Estonia
2846:Denmark
2825:Belgium
2818:Austria
2811:Albania
2742:Ireland
2728:Andorra
2712:Neutral
2679:Romania
2613:Hungary
2598:Finland
2470:Romania
2362:Finland
2340:Denmark
2286:Belgium
2272:Algeria
1978:Romania
1964:Hungary
1720:Pacific
1444:General
1398:Leaders
1383:Battles
1376:Outline
1060:Borisov
937:Vitebsk
925:Polotsk
803:Vitebsk
788:Vitebsk
756:Vitebsk
752:salient
738:Vitebsk
606:Vitebsk
467:in the
439:salient
435:Vitebsk
407:Vitebsk
391:Russian
369:Osovets
344:Vilnius
329:Polotsk
294:Mogilev
124:Germany
72:30°12′E
69:55°12′N
4515:Debate
4487:Taipei
4480:Borneo
4058:Tarawa
3252:Europe
3213:Africa
3002:Poland
2988:Norway
2967:Malaya
2946:Latvia
2888:Greece
2874:France
2770:Sweden
2735:Bhutan
2463:Poland
2449:Norway
2421:Mexico
2388:Greece
2374:France
2312:Canada
2293:Brazil
2263:Allies
2209:Serbia
2198:Poland
1971:Poland
1957:Baltic
1750:Europe
1452:Topics
1404:Allied
1322:
1299:
1280:
1254:
1232:
973:Moscow
909:Hitler
778:, and
760:Moscow
477:Moscow
446:Moscow
364:Kaunas
169:
121:
97:Result
4291:Leyte
4121:Narva
4107:Anzio
4065:Makin
4023:Burma
3907:Torch
3876:Rzhev
3837:Kiska
2923:Korea
2909:Japan
2902:Italy
2784:Tibet
2763:Spain
2641:Italy
2402:Italy
2395:India
2319:China
2194:Japan
1794:Italy
1706:China
1658:Women
1048:Minsk
981:Orsha
977:Minsk
943:Orsha
857:256th
853:299th
849:Dvina
827:256th
819:197th
815:299th
807:Dvina
764:Minsk
610:Orsha
499:PT-34
485:Orsha
481:Minsk
454:Orsha
450:Minsk
411:Orsha
339:Pinsk
334:Borki
324:Minsk
4357:1945
4085:1944
3926:1943
3854:Blue
3844:Attu
3751:1942
3510:1941
3362:1940
3300:1939
3229:Asia
3076:POWs
2916:Jews
2634:Iraq
2560:Axis
2510:Tuva
2326:Cuba
1411:Axis
1320:ISBN
1297:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1230:ISBN
959:and
865:39th
855:and
817:and
608:and
409:and
385:The
47:Date
1054:'s
1021:'s
987:'s
881:OKH
782:'s
774:of
631:).
4630::
4105:/
1318:.
1314:.
995:'
840:.
813:'
679:)
647:)
597:,
578:)
535:)
509:.
417:.
393::
3608:)
3602:(
2476:)
2472:(
2408:)
2404:(
2368:)
2364:(
2306:)
2302:(
1356:e
1349:t
1342:v
1328:.
1305:.
1286:.
1260:.
1238:.
1111:.
975:–
762:–
714:)
689:)
588:)
565:)
555:)
545:)
528:(
479:–
471:.
456:.
448:-
389:(
266:e
259:t
252:v
199:)
195:(
190:)
186:(
180:)
176:(
164:)
160:(
155:)
151:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
