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1126:. Although not victorious in the Italian theatre, he managed to receive Veneto after the Austrian defeat in Germany. The British Foreign Secretary, Lord Clarendon, visited Florence in December 1867 and reported to London after talking to various Italian politicians: "There is universal agreement that Victor Emmanuel is an imbecile; he is a dishonest man who tells lies to everyone; at this rate, he will end up losing his crown and ruining both Italy and his dynasty." In 1870, after two failed attempts by Garibaldi, he also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the
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Italian people wanted and suggested that
Piedmont-Sardinia had taken over the Italian Peninsula, rather than unifying it. Despite this mishap, the remainder of Victor Emmanuel II's reign was consumed by wrapping up loose ends and dealing with economic and cultural issues. His role in day-to-day governing gradually dwindled, as it became increasingly apparent that a king could no longer keep a government in office against the will of Parliament. As a result, while the wording of the
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The rest of Victor
Emmanuel II's reign was much quieter. After the Kingdom of Italy was established he decided to continue on as King Victor Emmanuel II instead of Victor Emmanuel I of Italy. This was a terrible move as far as public relations went as it was not indicative of the fresh start that the
978:, a major setback for the Piedmontese, in no small part because the treaty had been prepared without their knowledge. After several quarrels about the outcome of the war, Cavour resigned, and the king had to find other advisors. France indeed only gained Nice and Savoy after the
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against Russia. Cavour was reluctant to go to war due to the power of Russia at the time and the expense of doing so. Victor
Emmanuel, however, was convinced of the rewards to be gained from the alliance created with Britain and, more importantly, France.
880:("Count Cavour") as Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia. This turned out to be a wise choice since Cavour was a political mastermind and a major player in the Italian unification in his own right. Victor Emmanuel II soon became the symbol of the "
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The Italo-French campaign against
Austria in 1859 started successfully. However, sickened by the casualties of the war and worried about the mobilisation of Prussian troops, Napoleon III secretly made a treaty with
709:, as it was under French protection. In 1860, Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Romagna decided to side with Sardinia, and Victor Emmanuel then marched victoriously in the Marche and Umbria after the victorious
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884:", the Italian unification movement of the 1850s and early 60s. He was especially popular in the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia because of his respect for the new constitution and his liberal reforms.
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1016:, as it was under French protection. In 1860, through local plebiscites, Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Romagna decided to side with Piedmont-Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel then marched victoriously in the
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670:(16 August 1855) and in the siege of Sevastopol led the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war, where it could address the issue of the
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was signed in March 1860, after Cavour had been reinstalled as Prime
Minister, and a deal with the French was struck for plebiscites to take place in the Central Italian Duchies.
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conquered Sicily and Naples, and
Piedmont-Sardinia grew even larger. On 17 March 1861, the Kingdom of Italy was officially established and Victor Emmanuel II became its king.
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after the French withdrew. He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up the new capital there on 2 July 1871. He died in Rome in 1878, and was buried in the
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to capture Rome after the French withdrew. He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up the new capital there on 2 July 1871, after a temporary move to
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869:. After new elections, the peace with Austria was accepted by the new Chamber of Deputies. In 1849, Victor Emmanuel also fiercely suppressed a revolt in
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stipulating that ministers were solely responsible to the crown remained unchanged, in practice they were now responsible to
Parliament.
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Vittoria
Guerrieri (2 December 1848 – 29 December 1905), married three times: to Giacomo Spinola, Luigi Spinola and Paolo DeSimone.
857:. Victor Emmanuel was immediately able to obtain a rather favourable armistice at Vignale by the Austrian imperial army commander,
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Later that same year, Victor
Emmanuel II sent his forces to fight the papal army at Castelfidardo and drove the Pope into
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as "Bela Rosin", she was born a commoner but made
Countess of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda in 1858. Their offspring were:
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Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri
935:), where they agreed that if the French were to help Piedmont in its war against Austria, which still reigned over the
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in southern Italy. However, the king halted Garibaldi when he appeared ready to attack Rome, still under the
813:. His father succeeded a distant cousin as King of Sardinia in 1831. He lived for some years of his youth in
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at the end of the war, Count Cavour arranged a secret meeting with the French emperor. In 1858, they met at
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After successfully seeking British support and ingratiating himself with France and Napoleon III at the
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599:(also known as Piedmont-Sardinia) from 23 March 1849 until 17 March 1861, when he assumed the title of
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Emanuele Alberto Guerrieri (16 March 1851 – 24 December 1894), Count of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda.
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and showed an early interest in politics, the military, and sports. In 1842, he married his cousin,
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834:(1848–1849) under his father, King Charles Albert, fighting in the front line at the battles of
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Vittoria De Domenicis (1869–1935) who married doctor Alberto Benedetti (1870–1920), with issue.
654:(1848–1849) before being made King of Sardinia following his father's abdication. He appointed
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in southern Italy. However, Victor Emmanuel halted Garibaldi when he appeared ready to attack
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In addition to his morganatic second wife, Victor Emmanuel II had several other mistresses:
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in 1849 when his father abdicated the throne, after being defeated by the Austrians at the
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736:. In 1870, Victor Emmanuel also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the
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974:. France did not as a result receive the promised Nice and Savoy, but Austria did keep
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since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878. Borrowing from the old
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until 1878, just before his death in the same year. He subsequently met Garibaldi at
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from the Catholic Church until 1878 when it was lifted just before his death. Then,
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Victor Emmanuel and his successors retained the title "King of Sardinia" after the
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Following Victor Emmanuel's advice, Cavour joined Britain and France in the
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to other European powers. This allowed Victor Emmanuel to ally himself with
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9 January 1878, Milan: Announcement of the death of Victor Emmanuel II, by
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5) Rosalinda Incoronata De Domenicis (1846–1916), mother of one daughter:
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Donato Etna (1858–1938) who became a soldier during the First World War.
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Victor Emmanuel died in Rome in 1878, after meeting with the envoys of
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Portrait of Victor Emmanuel, with a battle in the background (1848)
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External link: Genealogy of recent members of the House of Savoy
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old interpretations but useful on details; vol 1 goes to 1859];
2772:. Official website of the Royal Family of Hawaii. Archived from
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357:
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Avanti, Savoia!: miti e disfatte che fecero l'Italia, 1848–1866
1173:
In 1842 he married his paternal first cousin (aunt's daughter)
4789:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
590:
Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di
29:
2641:"Chevaliers de la ToisĂłn d'Or - Knights of the Golden Fleece"
1338:
2) Baroness Vittoria Duplesis who bore him another daughter:
2593:
1274:
Vittorio Emanuele (18 January 1855 – 17 May 1855), Count of
1196:
was the Bonapartist pretender to the French imperial throne.
2944:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1369:, 19 April 1947). Married to count Alessandro Montecuccoli.
861:. The treaty, however, was not ratified by the Piedmontese
2951:
Vittorio Emanuele II. (Traduzione ... di Jole Bertolazzi.)
678:, Emperor of France. France had supported Sardinia in the
507:
Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso
27:
King of Sardinia (1849–1861) and King of Italy (1861-1878)
2720:
Le livre d'or de l'ordre de LĂ©opold et de la croix de fer
2892:"Nichan ad-Dam, ou ordre du Sang, institué... - Lot 198"
2744:(in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 466.
4804:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
2545:
2543:
1506:
Commemorative Medal of Campaigns of Independence Wars
1362:, 10 October 1913). He became a notable photographer.
1290:(3 June 1833 – 26 December 1885). Popularly known in
1153:, who had reversed the excommunication, and received
1008:(1860–1861), which resulted in the rapid fall of the
512:
Victor Emmanuel Maria Albert Eugene Ferdinand Thomas
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3076:View of Venezia Square Victor Emmanuel II monument
1354:4) Virginia Rho at Turin, mother of two children:
662:to side with French and British forces during the
4809:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (military class)
4719:Grand masters of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
2853:Staatshandbuch fĂĽr den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66
1901:Greater coat of arms as King of Italy (1861–1878)
1334:Emanuela of Roverbella (6 September 1853 – 1896).
2683:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des GroĂźherzogtum Baden
1692:Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign
3830:*member of a cadet branch of the House of Savoy
2702:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern
2565:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989 p. 42
1271:Vittorio Emanuele (6 July 1852 – 6 July 1852).
1177:(1822–1855). With her, he had eight children:
805:Victor Emmanuel was born as the eldest son of
4066:
3985:
3864:
3224:
603:and became the first king of an independent,
8:
4779:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
2971:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1889:Coat of arms as King of Sardinia (1849–1861)
1264:Carlo Alberto (2 June 1851 – 28 June 1854),
1118:In 1866 Victor Emmanuel allied himself with
1031:The king subsequently met with Garibaldi at
1502:Medal of the Liberation of Rome (1849–1870)
1346:3) Unknown mistress at Mondovì, mother of:
989:. His success at these goals led him to be
939:in northern Italy, France would be awarded
907:Victor Emmanuel reviews the troops for the
4073:
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4051:
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3978:
3970:
3871:
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3849:
3231:
3217:
3209:
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2975:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2628:. Stamperia Granducale. 1840. p. 275.
1920:
1911:
1393:
1342:Maria Savoiarda Projetti (1854–1885/1888).
1312:– Caricature of King Victor Emmanuel II –
1047:became the capital of the new state. Only
697:, which resulted in the rapid fall of the
102:
93:
4739:Italian people of the Italian unification
4199:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
3522:Thomas Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy-Carignan
2594:Genealogie delle famiglie nobili italiane
1511:Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy
1327:at Stupinigi, who bore him two children:
1134:in 1864. The new Royal residence was the
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
3039:Vittorio Emanuele II: il re avventuriero
2549:
2523:Historical Dictionary of the Crimean War
1304:
453:
43:This article includes a list of general
4799:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
4617:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
4286:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
3435:Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano
2512:
2481:
1861:
713:over the Papal forces. This led to his
621:, the Italians gave him the epithet of
405: 1842; died 1855)
282:
180:
3563:Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano
3538:Vittorio Amedeo Teodoro, Duke of Aosta
2964:
2949:Mack Smith, Denis, 1920-2017. (1972).
2281:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2039:
1940:Victor Amadeus II, Prince of Carignano
1929:
1925:
1381:6) Angela Rosa De Filippo, mother of:
595:; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was
493:
4794:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
3614:Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano
3589:Amadeus Alexander, Duke of Montferrat
3476:Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano
2487:
2485:
2357:
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2343:
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2047:
2043:
2027:
2021:
2011:
1995:
1985:
1981:
1969:
1966:Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano
1963:
1953:
1937:
1933:
1365:Maria Pia di Rho (25 February 1866 –
7:
4581:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
4281:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
3062:Works by or about Victor Emmanuel II
2741:Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009
2208:Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
1385:Actor Domenico Scarpetta (1876–1952)
827:prior to becoming King of Sardinia.
4622:National Unity and Armed Forces Day
3791:Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples
3399:Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano
3015:Gasparetto, Pier Francesco (1984).
2821:"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste"
2800:Almanaque imperial para el año 1866
1462:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
644:Charles Albert, Prince of Carignano
4596:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
4586:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
4261:Second Italian War of Independence
3502:Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont
3430:Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy
2987:The Life and Times of Cavour vol 1
1099:Tomb of Victor Emmanuel II in the
957:Second Italian War of Independence
891:Portrait of Victor Emmanuel II by
680:Second Italian War of Independence
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
4774:People of the Revolutions of 1848
4754:Generals of former Italian states
4591:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
4296:Third Italian War of Independence
4266:United Provinces of Central Italy
4221:First Italian War of Independence
3716:Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi
3710:Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin
3704:Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta
3512:Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano
3440:Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons
3389:Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Nemours
3363:Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy
3347:Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
2796:"Seccion IV: Ordenes del Imperio"
2625:Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855
1124:Third Italian War of Independence
1108:Third Italian War of Independence
970:whereby Piedmont would only gain
832:First Italian War of Independence
730:Third Italian War of Independence
652:First Italian War of Independence
464:Maria Clotilde, Princess Napoléon
4744:Italian people of Polish descent
4145:
3958:
3507:Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
3450:Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours
2685:(1865), "GroĂźherzogliche Orden"
1894:
1882:
1867:
1840:
1826:
1806:
1799:
1778:
1740:
1720:
1699:
1674:
1653:
1632:
1611:
1575:
1539:
1516:
1410:
567:
34:
3584:Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
3481:Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons
3425:Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy
3384:Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy
3195:17 March 1861 – 9 January 1878
3163:23 March 1849 – 9 January 1878
2984:Thayer, William Roscoe (1911).
2872:(in Swedish), 1877, p. 368
2802:(in Spanish), 1866, p. 242
2766:"The Royal Order of Kamehameha"
2302:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1915:Ancestors of Victor Emmanuel II
1498:Silver Medal of Military Valour
435:
402:
4709:19th-century kings of Sardinia
4555:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
4363:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
4311:Italian entry into World War I
3568:Eugene Jean, Count of Soissons
3553:Carlo Francesco, Duke of Aosta
3543:Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
3131:23 March 1849 – 17 March 1861
2994:volume 2 online covers 1859–62
2704:(1873), "Königliche Orden" p.
2420:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
2182:Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
1257:(1847–1911), who married King
1219:. He married his first cousin
1205:Monument to Victor Emmanuel II
1028:(1860) over the Papal forces.
689:Victor Emmanuel supported the
656:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
138:17 March 1861 – 9 January 1878
1:
4784:Burials at the Pantheon, Rome
4408:Annibale Santore di Santarosa
3594:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
3517:Eugenio, Count of Villafranca
3471:Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
2576:"Excommunicating Politicians"
2445:Italian Islands of the Aegean
1493:Gold Medal of Military Valour
1079:Completion of the unification
878:Count Camillo Benso of Cavour
252:23 March 1849 – 17 March 1861
109:
4479:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
4174:Revolutions during the 1820s
3699:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
3630:Charles Albert I of Sardinia
3599:Maurizio, Duke of Montferrat
3275:Philip I, Prince of Piedmont
3010:. Casale Monferrato: Piemme.
2717:Ferdinand Veldekens (1858).
2665:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
1331:Stillborn child (1852-1852).
1161:. His successor was his son
1114:Plebiscite of Veneto of 1866
801:mother of Victor Emmanuel II
790:father of Victor Emmanuel II
484:Maria Pia, Queen of Portugal
4759:Claimant kings of Jerusalem
4704:19th-century kings of Italy
4658:Revisionism of Risorgimento
4236:Sicilian revolution of 1848
4117:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
4112:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3646:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
3604:Charles Felix I of Sardinia
3558:Benedetto, Duke of Chablais
3332:Philibert II, Duke of Savoy
2935:"Victor Emmanuel II."
2612:. Eredi Botta. p. 107.
2588:Genealogical data from the
2430:Victor Emmanuel II Monument
2144:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
1600:Order of the Zähringer Lion
1482:Order of the Crown of Italy
1010:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
951:Wars of Italian Unification
937:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
759:, was built in his honour.
753:Victor Emmanuel II Monument
699:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
4825:
4729:Kings of Italy (1861–1946)
4565:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
4271:Expedition of the Thousand
4137:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
3740:Adalberto, Duke of Bergamo
3677:Oddone, Duke of Montferrat
3337:Charles III, Duke of Savoy
3322:Philibert I, Duke of Savoy
3024:Mack Smith, Denis (1995).
3006:Del Boca, Lorenzo (1998).
2328:Luisa of Naples and Sicily
2275:
2159:
2033:
2024:Charles Albert of Sardinia
1927:
1731:Order of the Mexican Eagle
1554:Order of the Golden Fleece
1111:
1105:
1006:Expedition of the Thousand
1000:Victor Emmanuel supported
954:
788:Charles Albert of Sardinia
771:Victor Emmanuel II in 1849
691:Expedition of the Thousand
682:, resulting in liberating
538:Charles Albert of Sardinia
479:Oddone, Duke of Montferrat
308:Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora
293:Claudio Gabriele de Launay
211:Alfonso Ferrero la Marmora
4764:Princes of Savoy-Carignan
4550:Franz Joseph I of Austria
4427:Literature and philosophy
4276:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
4143:
4008:
3956:
3886:
3827:
3813:Prince Emanuele Filiberto
3728:Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa
3548:Prince Emanuele Filiberto
3455:Henri II, Duke of Nemours
3291:Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy
3197:
3188:
3175:
3165:
3156:
3148:
3133:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3084:
2360:Maria Carolina of Austria
2345:
2337:
2309:
2287:
2283:
2247:
2225:
2217:
2189:
2167:
2163:
2125:
2103:
2095:
2086:Maria Christina of Saxony
2067:
2060:Charles, Duke of Courland
2045:
2041:
2005:
1983:
1975:
1947:
1931:
1851:: Stranger Knight of the
1523:Tuscan Grand Ducal family
1448:Order of the Annunciation
1409:
1184:(1843–1911), who married
1059:remained to be conquered.
1039:by the new Parliament of
925:Congress of Paris in 1856
863:lower parliamentary house
809:Prince of Carignano, and
511:
501:
492:
101:
3734:Filiberto, Duke of Genoa
3722:Umberto, Count of Salemi
3651:Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa
3445:Louis I, Duke of Nemours
3409:Prince Emmanuel Filibert
3368:Jacques, Duke of Nemours
3327:Charles I, Duke of Savoy
3306:Jacques, Count of Romont
3301:Philip II, Duke of Savoy
2880:– via runeberg.org
2825:Preussische Ordens-Liste
2738:Jørgen Pedersen (2009).
2670:22 December 2010 at the
2266:Maria Theresa of Austria
1754:Order of the Black Eagle
1358:Vittorio di Rho (1861 –
1235:Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo
811:Maria Theresa of Austria
799:Maria Theresa of Austria
755:in Rome, containing the
742:conquer the Papal States
648:Maria Theresa of Austria
624:Father of the Fatherland
548:Maria Theresa of Austria
4769:Modern history of Italy
4529:Francesco Saverio Salfi
4519:Gian Domenico Romagnosi
3609:Giuseppe, Count of Asti
3342:Philip, Duke of Nemours
2941:Encyclopædia Britannica
2606:Luigi Cibrario (1869).
1835:: Husainid Family Order
1590:House Order of Fidelity
1476:Military Order of Savoy
1403:King Victor Emmanuel II
1286:his principal mistress
1239:Maria Letizia Bonaparte
1157:. He was buried in the
1026:battle of Castelfidardo
964:Franz Joseph of Austria
821:. He was styled as the
732:allowed Italy to annex
711:Battle of Castelfidardo
216:Luigi Federico Menabrea
64:more precise citations.
4560:Klemens von Metternich
4127:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4082:Unification of Italy (
3746:Eugenio, Duke of Genoa
3682:Tommaso, Duke of Genoa
3394:Henri, Duke of Nemours
3296:Louis, Count of Geneva
3078:(archived 1 July 2006)
3046:Rocca, Gianni (1993).
2906:The Knights of England
2869:Sveriges statskalender
2856:. Heinrich. p. 4.
2563:Italy and its Monarchy
1874:Arms as knight of the
1790:Order of the Rue Crown
1642:: Grand Cordon of the
1317:
1208:
1103:
1092:
1075:
1066:Victor Emmanuel meets
912:
895:
876:In 1852, he appointed
802:
791:
780:
772:
668:Battle of the Chernaya
632:
585:
506:
4749:Italian Army generals
4601:Tricolour Flag Museum
4373:Federico Confalonieri
4204:Republic of San Marco
4003:between 1861 and 1946
3840:Prince of Savoy-Aosta
3835:Prince of Savoy-Genoa
3796:Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
3774:Aimone, Duke of Aosta
3768:Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
3037:Pinto, Paolo (1997).
2240:Maria Louisa of Spain
1998:Joséphine of Lorraine
1817:Order of the Seraphim
1729:: Grand Cross of the
1711:Order of Kamehameha I
1709:: Grand Cross of the
1665:Order of the Elephant
1525:: Grand Cross of the
1308:
1247:(1846–1866), Duke of
1203:
1194:Prince Louis Napoléon
1098:
1086:
1065:
1024:after the victorious
906:
890:
797:
786:
778:
770:
751:The Italian national
642:as the eldest son of
4256:Plombières Agreement
3899:Charles Emmanuel III
3270:Louis, Duke of Savoy
3026:Vittorio Emanuele II
3017:Vittorio Emanuele II
2904:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
2645:La Confrérie Amicale
2578:. 27 September 2004.
2520:Arnold, Guy (2002).
2415:Unification of Italy
2118:Franciszka Krasińska
1564:Order of St. Stephen
1488:Civil Order of Savoy
1486:Grand Master of the
1480:Grand Master of the
1474:Grand Master of the
1245:Oddone Eugenio Maria
929:Plombières-les-Bains
830:He took part in the
686:from Austrian rule.
586:Vittorio Emanuele II
18:Vittorio Emanuele II
4714:Nobility from Turin
4648:Italian nationalism
4643:Italian irredentism
4638:Altare della Patria
4434:Giovanni Arrivabene
4241:Ten Days of Brescia
4194:Revolutions of 1848
4179:Revolutions of 1830
4164:Rimini Proclamation
4102:Kingdom of Sardinia
4029:Victor Emmanuel III
3915:Charles Emmanuel IV
3763:Umberto II of Italy
3086:Victor Emmanuel II
3050:. Milan: Mondadori.
3041:. Milan: Mondadori.
2776:on 28 February 2023
2526:. Scarecrow Press.
2493:Kingdom of Sardinia
2465:Emperor of Ethiopia
2455:Italian East Africa
1853:Order of the Garter
1623:Order of St. Hubert
1598:Grand Cross of the
1562:Grand Cross of the
1527:Order of St. Joseph
1460:Grand Cross of the
1282:In 1869 he married
1229:(1845–1890), later
1221:Margherita of Savoy
1215:(1844–1900), later
1190:the Prince Napoléon
1175:Adelaide of Austria
1169:Family and children
1128:Franco-Prussian War
819:Adelaide of Austria
757:Altare della Patria
738:Franco-Prussian War
693:(1860–1861) led by
672:Italian unification
660:expeditionary corps
650:, he fought in the
391:Adelaide of Austria
338:Kingdom of Sardinia
4689:Victor Emmanuel II
4499:Alessandro Manzoni
4489:Francesco Lomonaco
4418:Victor Emmanuel II
4383:Giuseppe Garibaldi
4226:Five Days of Milan
4094:Pre-unitary states
4013:Victor Emmanuel II
3947:Victor Emmanuel II
3907:Victor Amadeus III
3667:Umberto I of Italy
3180:Title last held by
2723:. lelong. p.
2561:Mack Smith, Denis
2425:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1747:Kingdom of Prussia
1687:MĂ©daille militaire
1619:Kingdom of Bavaria
1318:
1209:
1192:). Their grandson
1104:
1093:
1089:Emilio Magistretti
1076:
1068:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1002:Giuseppe Garibaldi
995:Giuseppe Garibaldi
913:
896:
803:
792:
781:
773:
705:, still under the
695:Giuseppe Garibaldi
633:Padre della Patria
578:Victor Emmanuel II
469:Umberto I of Italy
201:Luigi Carlo Farini
97:Victor Emmanuel II
4676:
4675:
4663:Southern question
4474:Vincenzo Gioberti
4454:Felice Cavallotti
4353:Massimo d'Azeglio
4306:Law of Guarantees
4048:
4047:
3967:
3966:
3923:Victor Emmanuel I
3891:Victor Amadeus II
3880:Kings of Sardinia
3846:
3845:
3672:Amadeo I of Spain
3207:
3206:
3198:Succeeded by
3166:Succeeded by
3134:Succeeded by
3019:. Milan: Rusconi.
2770:crownofhawaii.com
2751:978-87-7674-434-2
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
1786:Kingdom of Saxony
1707:Kingdom of Hawaii
1438:
1437:
1259:Louis of Portugal
1144:Statuto Albertino
867:Massimo D'Azeglio
575:
574:
517:
516:
474:Amadeo I of Spain
424:
330:Palazzo Carignano
298:Massimo D'Azeglio
226:Agostino Depretis
108:Victor Emmanuel,
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4816:
4734:Princes of Savoy
4724:Italian monarchs
4484:Giacomo Leopardi
4464:Giuseppe Ferrari
4398:Bettino Ricasoli
4393:Giuseppe Mazzini
4378:Francesco Crispi
4358:Agostino Bertani
4332:Cockade of Italy
4316:Impresa di Fiume
4246:Belfiore martyrs
4231:Sortie on Mestre
4149:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4052:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3971:
3962:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3850:
3240:Princes of Savoy
3233:
3226:
3219:
3210:
3149:Preceded by
3127:King of Sardinia
3117:Preceded by
3107:
3100:
3082:
3066:Internet Archive
3051:
3042:
3033:
3020:
3011:
3008:Maledetti Savoia
2991:
2980:
2970:
2962:
2945:
2937:
2916:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2850:Sachsen (1866).
2847:
2841:
2840:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2693:
2680:
2674:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2639:Boettger, T. F.
2636:
2630:
2629:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2597:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2517:
2500:
2497:Kingdom of Italy
2489:
2460:Italian Ethiopia
2440:Kingdom of Italy
1921:
1912:
1898:
1886:
1871:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1815:: Knight of the
1811:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1788:: Knight of the
1784:
1782:
1781:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1669:2 September 1861
1663:: Knight of the
1659:
1657:
1656:
1644:Order of Leopold
1638:
1636:
1635:
1621:: Knight of the
1617:
1615:
1614:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1521:
1520:
1468:; Grand Master,
1454:; Grand Master,
1452:23 December 1836
1414:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1390:Honours and arms
1266:Duke of Chablais
893:Giuseppe Ugolino
855:Battle of Novara
851:King of Sardinia
597:King of Sardinia
571:
513:
494:
457:
439:
437:
418:
406:
404:
362:Kingdom of Italy
350:
271:
239:King of Sardinia
191:Bettino Ricasoli
169:
139:
114:
111:
106:
94:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
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4626:
4605:
4569:
4533:
4524:Antonio Rosmini
4494:Goffredo Mameli
4444:Giosuè Carducci
4422:
4413:Ruggero Settimo
4341:
4320:
4301:Capture of Rome
4150:
4141:
4088:
4079:
4049:
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3998:
3968:
3963:
3954:
3882:
3877:
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3837:
3832:
3823:
3806:18th generation
3801:
3784:17th generation
3779:
3756:16th generation
3751:
3692:15th generation
3687:
3660:14th generation
3655:
3639:13th generation
3634:
3623:12th generation
3618:
3577:11th generation
3572:
3531:10th generation
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2672:Wayback Machine
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1857:5 December 1855
1841:
1839:
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1833:Beylik of Tunis
1827:
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1805:
1798:
1779:
1777:
1760:; with Collar,
1758:12 January 1866
1741:
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1733:, with Collar,
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1631:
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1547:Austrian Empire
1540:
1538:
1535:
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1443:
1420:Reference style
1402:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1310:Brooklyn Museum
1288:Rosa Vercellana
1186:Napoléon Joseph
1171:
1136:Quirinal Palace
1116:
1110:
1081:
980:Treaty of Turin
959:
953:
901:
838:, Santa Lucia,
765:
719:Catholic Church
715:excommunication
558:Catholic Church
528:Savoy-Carignano
509:
488:
451:
450:
442:
441:
438: 1869)
433:
429:
426:
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416:Rosa Vercellana
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396:
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375:
354:Quirinal Palace
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328:
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288:Agostino Chiodo
281:
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269:Prime ministers
267:
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230:
206:Marco Minghetti
196:Urbano Rattazzi
179:
178:
167:Prime ministers
165:
137:
129:
115:
112:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
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4514:Carlo Pisacane
4511:
4509:Silvio Pellico
4506:
4504:Ippolito Nievo
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4459:Vincenzo Cuoco
4456:
4451:
4449:Carlo Cattaneo
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4291:Roman Question
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4209:Roman Republic
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4106:House of Savoy
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4009:
4006:
4005:
4001:Kings of Italy
3999:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3965:
3964:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3944:
3939:Charles Albert
3936:
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3495:9th generation
3492:
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3464:8th generation
3461:
3460:
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3437:
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3421:
3419:
3418:7th generation
3415:
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3412:
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3406:
3404:Prince Maurice
3401:
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3386:
3380:
3378:
3377:6th generation
3374:
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3356:5th generation
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3315:4th generation
3312:
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3298:
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3287:
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3284:3rd generation
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3263:2nd generation
3260:
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3248:
3247:1st generation
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3152:Charles Albert
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3120:Charles Albert
3118:
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3112:Regnal titles
3109:
3108:
3106:9 January 1878
3091:House of Savoy
3088:
3085:
3080:
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3057:
3056:External links
3054:
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3012:
3001:
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2946:
2932:, ed. (1911).
2930:Chisholm, Hugh
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1182:Maria Clotilde
1170:
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1106:Main article:
1080:
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991:excommunicated
955:Main article:
952:
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619:Roman emperors
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454:see details...
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373:Pantheon, Rome
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351:(aged 57)
347:9 January 1878
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303:Camillo Cavour
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261:Charles Albert
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4403:Aurelio Saffi
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4388:Daniele Manin
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4337:Flag of Italy
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4189:Neo-Guelphism
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3931:Charles Felix
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3099:14 March 1820
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2550:Chisholm 1911
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2450:Italian Libya
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2077:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1876:Golden Fleece
1870:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1837:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:Sweden-Norway
1809:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:French Empire
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1470:23 March 1849
1467:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:23 March 1849
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:. He married
1232:
1231:King of Spain
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:King of Italy
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:unified Italy
1038:
1037:King of Italy
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
958:
950:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
918:
910:
905:
898:
894:
889:
885:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
825:
824:Duke of Savoy
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:Carlo Alberto
800:
796:
789:
785:
777:
769:
762:
760:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:In 1866, the
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
616:
615:
614:Pater Patriae
610:
606:
602:
601:King of Italy
598:
594:
593:
588:; full name:
587:
583:
579:
570:
566:
562:
559:
556:
552:
549:
546:
542:
539:
536:
532:
529:
526:
524:
520:
508:
504:
500:
495:
491:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
459:
456:
455:
449:
445:
422:
417:
410:
409:
392:
385:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:
359:
355:
346:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:14 March 1820
326:
322:
318:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
283:
279:
273:
270:
265:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
244:
243:Duke of Savoy
240:
236:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
181:
177:
171:
168:
163:
160:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
136:
132:
127:
122:
121:King of Italy
118:
105:
100:
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4545:Pope Pius IX
4439:Cesare Balbo
4417:
4346:Main leaders
4216:Quadrilatero
4122:Papal States
4084:Risorgimento
4083:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4012:
3949:
3946:
3941:
3933:
3925:
3917:
3909:
3901:
3893:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3645:
3253:
3189:
3182:
3176:
3157:
3136:
3125:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3047:
3038:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2986:
2950:
2939:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2886:
2874:, retrieved
2868:
2862:
2852:
2845:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2804:, retrieved
2799:
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2774:the original
2769:
2760:
2740:
2733:
2719:
2712:
2701:
2697:
2682:
2678:
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2644:
2634:
2624:
2618:
2608:
2601:
2592:page of the
2584:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2522:
2515:
2143:
1863:Coat of Arms
1856:
1820:
1793:
1770:
1769:(military),
1761:
1757:
1734:
1714:
1668:
1648:25 July 1855
1647:
1626:
1603:
1593:
1567:
1557:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1451:
1434:Your Majesty
1431:Spoken style
1401:
1380:
1372:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1322:
1319:
1281:
1189:
1172:
1151:Pope Pius IX
1148:
1140:
1117:
1030:
1014:Papal States
999:
987:Vatican City
984:
960:
922:
914:
882:Risorgimento
875:
848:
829:
822:
804:
750:
727:
707:Papal States
688:
676:Napoleon III
637:
622:
612:
605:united Italy
589:
577:
576:
452:
349:(1878-01-09)
277:
175:
91:
76:
67:
48:
4699:1878 deaths
4694:1820 births
4469:Ugo Foscolo
4251:Crimean War
4184:Young Italy
4032:(1900–1946)
4024:(1878–1900)
4016:(1861–1878)
3950:(1849–1861)
3942:(1831–1849)
3934:(1821–1831)
3926:(1802–1821)
3918:(1796–1802)
3910:(1773–1796)
3902:(1730–1773)
3894:(1720–1730)
2953:. Laterza.
2495:became the
1771:29 May 1872
1425:His Majesty
1314:Thomas Nast
1292:Piedmontese
968:Villafranca
917:Crimean War
909:Crimean War
899:Crimean War
664:Crimean War
257:Predecessor
144:Predecessor
113: 1861
62:introducing
4683:Categories
4668:Third Rome
4037:Umberto II
3184:Napoleon I
3000:In Italian
2912:, London,
2831:, Berlin:
2780:2 December
2507:References
1249:Montferrat
1237:and later
1155:last rites
1112:See also:
849:He became
421:morganatic
45:references
4653:Redshirts
4538:Opponents
4169:Carbonari
4021:Umberto I
3201:Umberto I
3169:Umberto I
3030:Mondadori
3028:. Milan:
2967:cite book
2959:504679452
1398:Styles of
1325:Laura Bon
1316:– overall
1255:Maria Pia
1207:in Venice
1163:Umberto I
836:Pastrengo
763:Biography
717:from the
564:Signature
510:English:
159:Umberto I
155:Successor
4156:Timeline
2806:29 April
2668:Archived
2596:website.
2499:in 1861.
2409:See also
1907:Ancestry
1159:Pantheon
1132:Florence
1101:Pantheon
1057:Trentino
972:Lombardy
933:Lorraine
859:Radetzky
815:Florence
746:Pantheon
684:Lombardy
638:Born in
554:Religion
278:See list
176:See list
148:Napoleon
70:May 2022
4574:Museums
4325:Symbols
3137:Himself
3064:at the
2923:Sources
2650:25 June
1661:Denmark
1640:Belgium
1533:Foreign
1441:Italian
1213:Umberto
1122:in the
1120:Prussia
976:Venetia
844:Custoza
629:Italian
617:of the
582:Italian
503:Italian
440:
432:
428:
407:
399:
395:
126:more...
58:improve
4040:(1946)
3177:Vacant
3102:
2957:
2839:, 1877
2748:
2687:pp. 55
2590:Savoia
2530:
1845:
1783:
1704:
1658:
1637:
1616:
1580:
1544:
1367:Vienna
1276:Geneva
1227:Amadeo
1091:(1879)
1055:, and
1053:Veneto
1022:Umbria
1018:Marche
734:Veneto
646:, and
611:title
592:Savoia
544:Mother
534:Father
380:Spouse
368:Burial
150:(1814)
47:, but
4631:Other
3104:Died:
3097:Born:
2914:p. 59
2876:2 May
2476:Notes
1583:Baden
1360:Turin
1072:Teano
1049:Lazio
1045:Turin
1033:Teano
945:Savoy
871:Genoa
840:Goito
723:Teano
640:Turin
609:Latin
523:House
497:Names
448:Issue
434:(
430:
401:(
397:
334:Turin
249:Reign
134:Reign
3838:***
3254:None
2977:link
2973:link
2955:OCLC
2878:2020
2808:2020
2782:2019
2746:ISBN
2652:2019
2528:ISBN
2435:Rome
2358:15.
2300:14.
2238:13.
2180:12.
2116:11.
2058:10.
1794:1850
1762:1875
1735:1865
1715:1865
1627:1869
1604:1864
1594:1864
1568:1869
1558:1841
1466:1836
1020:and
943:and
941:Nice
931:(in
842:and
703:Rome
358:Rome
344:Died
324:Born
3833:**
3820:***
3798:***
3776:***
3770:***
3724:***
3718:***
3712:***
3706:***
3140:as
2725:214
2326:7.
2264:3.
2206:6.
2142:1.
2084:5.
2022:2.
1996:9.
1964:4.
1938:8.
1323:1)
1070:in
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966:at
740:to
635:).
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3742:**
3736:**
3730:**
3684:**
2969:}}
2965:{{
2938:.
2908:,
2837:24
2835:,
2833:12
2823:,
2798:,
2768:.
2691:66
2689:,
2643:.
2542:^
2484:^
1855:,
1819:,
1792:,
1756:,
1749::
1713:,
1683::
1667:,
1646:,
1625:,
1602:,
1592:,
1585::
1566:,
1556:,
1549::
1464:,
1450:,
1165:.
1138:.
1051:,
947:.
846:.
748:.
631::
584::
505::
436:m.
403:m.
360:,
356:,
336:,
332:,
128:)
110:c.
4108:)
4104:(
4086:)
4074:e
4067:t
4060:v
3993:e
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3872:e
3865:t
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3032:.
2990:.
2979:)
2961:.
2910:I
2894:.
2829:1
2784:.
2754:.
2727:.
2706:8
2654:.
2552:.
2536:.
1278:.
1268:.
1261:.
1251:.
1241:.
1223:.
1188:(
1074:.
911:.
627:(
580:(
423:)
419:(
124:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
