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327:, Japanese soldiers came and killed the men, then motioned the nurses to wade into the sea. They then machine-gunned the nurses from behind. Bullwinkel was struck by a bullet which passed completely through her body, missing her internal organs, and feigned death until the Japanese soldiers left. She hid with British Army Private Cecil George Kingsley of the
504:
394:. Also in 1947 she gave evidence of the massacre at a war crimes trial in Tokyo. She devoted herself to the nursing profession and to honouring those killed on Bangka Island, raising funds for a nurses' memorial and serving on numerous committees, including a period as a member of the Council of the
307:
Two days later, the ship was sunk by
Japanese aircraft. Bullwinkel, 21 other nurses and a large group of men, women, and children made it ashore at Radji Beach on Banka Island. Others on board either went down with the ship or were swept away and never seen again. The group were joined the next day
331:
for 12 days, tending to his severe wounds, only then realizing the extent of her own wound, before being captured. They were taken into captivity, but
Kingsley died soon after from his injuries, which included a gunshot wound in his abdomen.
625:
redeveloped the old nurses quarters on its
Fairfield campus in 2010 for residential student accommodation. A common room is named after Vivian Bullwinkel, who was the Director of Nursing for many years at the Fairfield Hospital.
339:, broadcaster Tess Lawrence and biographer Barbara Angell, indicates that Bullwinkel and "most of" the nurses may have been sexually assaulted before they were murdered. However, Bullwinkel was "gagged" by the
358:. She told them of the massacre, but none spoke of it again until after the war lest it put Bullwinkel, as witness to the massacre, in danger. Bullwinkel spent three and half years in captivity, together with
413:
as the most suitable specialist facility to receive them. Matron
Bullwinkel organised and led a nursing team that travelled to Sydney to board the Qantas 707 for the flight to Vietnam on 17 April 1975.
1279:
1052:
242:, to George Albert and Eva Bullwinkel (nÊe Shegog). She had a brother, John. She attended Broken Hill High School, where she was School Captain in 1933. She trained as a nurse and midwife at
1000:
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by others making a total of about 100 including about twenty
English soldiers from another ship sunk earlier. They elected to surrender to the Japanese. An officer from the
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and the 13th AGH was to evacuate to
Singapore. A short-lived defence of the island ended in defeat, and, on 12 February, Bullwinkel and 65 other nurses boarded the
1304:
1049:
1309:
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in 1992 to unveil a shrine to the nurses who had not survived the war. She died of a heart attack on 3 July 2000, aged 84, in Perth, Western
Australia.
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457:
176:
141:
610:
996:
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In
February 2023, the hall at Broken Hill High School, where Bullwinkel was school captain in 1933, was named the Vivian Bullwinkel Drill Hall.
1324:
410:
391:
1213:
698:
Klemen, L; Bert Kossen; Pierre-Emmanuel
Bernaudin; Dr. Leo Niehorster; Akira Takizawa; Sean Carr; Jim Broshot; Nowfel Leulliot (1999â2000).
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in
December 1941 and began to advance southwards, winning a series of victories. By late January 1942 they were advancing through
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The Royal Australian Air Force Association runs the Vivian Bullwinkel Lodge aged care facility in the northern suburbs of Perth.
830:
320:, the most senior of the Australian nurses, suggested that civilian women and children should start off walking towards Muntok.
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Monash University (Melbourne) and Eastern Health (Melbourne) have named the chair in palliative care nursing after her.
417:
Bullwinkel married Colonel Francis West Statham in September 1977, changing her name to Vivian Statham. She returned to
1243:
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153:
451:
328:
1198:
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409:, the name given to the mass airlift of Vietnamese orphans to Australia and US, for its second delivery chose
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997:"Broken Hill nurse Vivian Bullwinkel first woman to be honoured with Australian War Memorial statue"
700:"Seventy minutes before Pearl Harbor â The landing at Kota Bharu, Malaya, on December 7th 1941"
382:
278:; assigned to the 2/13th Australian General Hospital (2/13th AGH), in September 1941 she sailed for
767:
The sound of hope: Music as solace, resistance and salvation during the holocaust and world war II
601:. She became the first woman to have an Australian War Memorial statue dedicated to her in 2022.
406:
251:
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869:"Australia's most distinguished war nurse Vivian Statham remembered at Australian War Memorial"
1219:
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641:
469:
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223:
79:
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370:; Dryburgh, the eldest, died in captivity around the age of 55. Another surviving nurse was
316:, a town on the north-west of the island, to contact the Japanese. While he was away Matron
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1103:"Michelle Ananda-Rajah's seat of Higgins set to be abolished at next federal election"
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699:
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973:. Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation (Victorian Branch). 2 April 2019.
1050:
Launch of new student accommodation honours one of Australia's most famous nurses
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Bulkwinkel retired from the army in 1947 and became Director of Nursing at the
672:
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282:. After a few weeks with the 2/10th AGH, Bullwinkel rejoined the 13th AGH in
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The Vivian Bullwinkel Wing at Hollywood Private Hospital, Perth (the former
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279:
255:
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503:
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but was rejected for having flat feet. She was, however, able to join the
235:
55:
313:
294:
218:, when the Japanese killed 21 of her fellow nurses on Radji Beach,
782:"Bangka Island: The WW2 massacre and a 'truth too awful to speak'"
381:
207:
75:
344:
1139:"Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941â1942"
740:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941â1942
704:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941â1942
878:. ABC News, 18 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
1060:, Media release 12 April 2010, Retrieved 12 August 2013
593:, were memorialised in mosaic banners installed at the
37:
Studio portrait of Vivian Bullwinkel, taken in May 1941
1280:
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
585:
In 2001, Bullwinkel was inducted posthumously to the
1208:. Sydney, New South Wales: Pan Macmillan Australia.
254:, before moving to the Jessie McPherson Hospital in
848:. Australia: Hachette Australia. pp. 234â254.
386:
Bullwinkel at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal in 1946
133:
123:
113:
105:
93:
85:
65:
42:
23:
234:Vivian Bullwinkel was born on 18 December 1915 in
1072:"High School hall named in honour of war veteran"
915:"Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)"
1195:Australian War Memorial (Retrieved 9 March 2008)
354:Bullwinkel was reunited with survivors of the
266:In 1941, wanting to enlist for service in the
270:, Bullwinkel volunteered as a nurse with the
8:
323:In an action that later became known as the
1345:World War II prisoners of war held by Japan
736:"The Bangka Island Massacre, February 1942"
214:. She was the sole surviving nurse of the
31:
20:
1275:Australian Army personnel of World War II
458:Member of the Order of the British Empire
203:; 18 December 1915 â 3 July 2000) was an
142:Member of the Order of the British Empire
1270:Associate members of the Royal Red Cross
729:
727:
725:
611:Repatriation General Hospital, Hollywood
428:
657:
476:Associate Member of the Royal Red Cross
335:Recent evidence collected by historian
673:"Lieutenant Colonel Vivian Bullwinkel"
636:proposed that a new electorate in the
411:Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital
392:Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital
1305:Florence Nightingale Medal recipients
1193:Fifty Australians â Vivian Bullwinkel
1003:from the original on 17 December 2022
746:from the original on 17 February 2022
667:
665:
663:
661:
226:(now Indonesia) on 16 February 1942.
195:
7:
947:from the original on 14 October 2023
921:from the original on 14 October 2023
623:Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE
1113:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
967:"Mosaics honouring wartime legends"
889:"Officer of the Order of Australia"
638:Australian House of Representatives
100:Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps
1310:Officers of the Order of Australia
1070:Irvine, Jason (21 February 2023).
941:"Associate of the Royal Red Cross"
823:"Sister Vivian Bullwinkel's Story"
792:from the original on 15 March 2022
710:from the original on 12 April 2021
250:, and began her nursing career in
14:
1199:Roll of Honour Singapore Memorial
1181:, Eden Paperbacks, Sydney, 1954 (
895:from the original on 19 July 2021
679:from the original on 29 July 2020
440:Officer of the Order of Australia
138:Officer of the Order of Australia
1330:Women in the Australian military
1237:
1082:from the original on 14 May 2023
567:
550:
534:
518:
502:
486:
468:
450:
432:
146:Associate of the Royal Red Cross
977:from the original on 7 May 2023
634:Australian Electoral Commission
542:Australia Service Medal 1939â45
276:Australian Army Nursing Service
999:. ABC News. 16 December 2022.
587:Victorian Honour Roll of Women
1:
1325:Australian shooting survivors
827:Bangka Island Massacre (1942)
613:) was renamed in her honour.
595:Repatriation General Hospital
400:Australian College of Nursing
398:, and later president of the
1290:Australian prisoners of war
1101:Evans, Jake (31 May 2024).
780:Gary Nunn (18 April 2019),
675:. Australian War Memorial.
1361:
1285:Australian military nurses
589:. In 2019, she along with
575:Florence Nightingale Medal
272:Royal Australian Air Force
154:Florence Nightingale Medal
1023:"Vivian Bullwinkel Lodge"
769:. McFarland. p. 236.
765:Brown, Kellie D. (2020).
349:Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal
329:Royal Army Ordnance Corps
30:
874:18 December 2015 at the
343:from speaking about the
289:Japanese troops invaded
1295:Australian women nurses
1137:Klemen, L (1999â2000).
734:Klemen, L (1999â2000).
396:Australian War Memorial
387:
216:Bangka Island Massacre
1335:Women in World War II
1300:Female wartime nurses
1204:Shaw, Ian W. (2010).
810:Sydney Morning Herald
558:Efficiency Decoration
385:
341:Australian government
325:Banka Island Massacre
150:Efficiency Decoration
106:Years of service
16:Australian Army nurse
1246:at Wikimedia Commons
599:Heidelberg, Victoria
374:, who died in 2007.
1340:World War II nurses
1315:People from Kapunda
526:War Medal 1939â1945
1131:General references
1055:12 August 2013 at
846:Operation Babylift
844:Shaw, Ian (2019).
812:, 12 December 2007
648:in honour of her.
407:Operation Babylift
388:
252:Hamilton, Victoria
162:Lieutenant Colonel
118:Lieutenant Colonel
1244:Vivian Bullwinkel
1242:Media related to
1215:978-1-4050-4024-2
833:on 25 March 2009.
642:Western Australia
632:In May 2024, the
583:
582:
368:Margaret Dryburgh
224:Dutch East Indies
159:
158:
80:Western Australia
25:Vivian Bullwinkel
1352:
1241:
1227:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1141:. Archived from
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1119:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
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1061:
1045:
1039:
1038:
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1029:on 13 April 2015
1025:. Archived from
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829:. Archived from
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262:Second World War
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53:18 December 1915
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1159:Further reading
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1206:On Radji Beach
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1175:Jeffrey, Betty
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1170:Banka Massacre
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1147:. Retrieved
1143:the original
1116:. Retrieved
1106:
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1084:. Retrieved
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1048:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:the original
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
991:
979:. Retrieved
970:
961:
949:. Retrieved
935:
923:. Retrieved
909:
897:. Retrieved
883:
864:
845:
839:
831:the original
826:
817:
809:
805:
794:, retrieved
785:
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766:
760:
748:. Retrieved
739:
712:. Retrieved
703:
693:
681:. Retrieved
644:to be named
631:
628:
621:
618:
615:
608:
591:Grace Wilson
584:
510:Pacific Star
494:1939â45 Star
416:
404:
389:
356:Vyner Brooke
355:
353:
334:
322:
310:Vyner Brooke
309:
306:
301:Vyner Brooke
300:
288:
265:
233:
200:
164:
160:
124:Battles/wars
71:(2000-07-03)
18:
1265:2000 deaths
1260:1915 births
1007:17 December
577:(Red Cross)
372:Pat Darling
304:to escape.
284:Johor Bahru
244:Broken Hill
210:during the
69:3 July 2000
1254:Categories
646:Bullwinkel
378:Later life
364:Wilma Oram
312:walked to
230:Early life
201:Bullwinkel
86:Allegiance
49:1915-12-18
1224:610570783
652:Citations
351:in 1946.
280:Singapore
256:Melbourne
222:, in the
109:1941â1947
89:Australia
1149:30 March
1108:ABC News
1080:Archived
1053:Archived
1001:Archived
975:Archived
951:22 March
945:Archived
925:22 March
919:Archived
899:22 March
893:Archived
872:Archived
796:18 April
790:archived
786:BBC News
750:30 March
744:Archived
714:30 March
708:Archived
683:20 April
677:Archived
405:In 1975
94:Service/
1165:Biodata
1033:15 June
425:Honours
347:at the
236:Kapunda
56:Kapunda
1222:
1212:
1185:
1118:31 May
1086:14 May
1047:NMIT,
852:
605:Legacy
478:(ARRC)
314:Muntok
295:Johore
291:Malaya
134:Awards
96:branch
981:7 May
481:1947
463:1973
460:(MBE)
445:1993
345:rapes
208:nurse
189:
187:,
182:
180:,
175:
173:,
76:Perth
1220:OCLC
1210:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1151:2021
1120:2024
1088:2023
1035:2015
1009:2022
983:2023
953:2023
927:2023
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