36:
218:
594:
586:
556:
548:
482:, a member of the more moderate side. Elias continued collaborating with the Nazis but tried to come to terms with the military government to prevent the installation of a civilian government composed of Nazis. Elias failed, as Hitler installed the new body and declared the annexation of Flanders by Germany in 1944; seven weeks later, Belgium was liberated by the
405:
714:... fascist Italy ... developed a state structure known as the corporate state with the ruling party acting as a mediator between 'corporations' making up the body of the nation. Similar designs were quite popular elsewhere in the 1930s. The most prominent examples were
396:, Germany's military intelligence service, informing them that a part of the Belgian military supported his movement and could be controlled by him if Germany declared war. The Belgian state security gained knowledge of these contacts and arrested some VNV supporters.
358:, a rival party founded two years earlier but slightly less radical. Unlike Verdinaso, the VNV took part in elections and included a relatively moderate wing. Initially, it also differed from Verdinaso in not being an
459:("German-Flemish Working Group"). Nevertheless, VNV politicians were given the mayor's office in several Flemish towns. VNV-led local administrations participated in the organisation of the deportation of
939:
424:
1242:
1217:
416:
347:), through the fusion of Belgian Flanders and the Netherlands, which would be linguistically and ethnically homogeneous. The party's slogan was: "Authority, discipline,
274:
282:
1212:
1247:
1237:
992:
452:
369:, the VNV received 13.6% of the Flemish vote, corresponding to 7.1% nationwide. After the election, in which the far-right nationalist and Catholic
1232:
627:
362:
movement. Still, it increasingly embraced anti-Semitic elements after 1935, out of political calculation rather than ideological conviction.
451:
profited from the situation and increased competition between various groups by founding some more extreme collaborationist groups like the
335:
ideas from elsewhere in Europe. However, it initially included both moderate and radical wings. It was not a genuinely fascist organisation
233:
1222:
949:
925:
486:. The VNV was outlawed after the liberation of Belgium. Elias fled to Germany but was tried after the war and imprisoned until 1959.
1262:
1252:
700:
388:
on the local level, De Clercq realised that his movement would not be able to take power by democratic means. Instead, he contacted
1257:
906:
639:
791:
985:
566:
528:
378:
366:
722:(1933–1938), and authoritarian experiments in Estonia, Romania, and some other countries of East and East-Central Europe,
151:
770:
Kinderen van de collaboratie. Ervaringen en getuigenissen van nakomelingen van collaborateurs in de Tweede
Wereldoorlog
381:, the VNV moderately increased its share of the Flemish vote to 15% (8.4% nationally) while the Rexist vote collapsed.
428:
331:
and moved to the right in 1932. From the start, the VNV was authoritarian and anti-democratic, being influenced by
769:
1227:
978:
464:
385:
447:, led the VNV out of focus, forcing it to intensify its collaboration to gain influence. Hitler and SS leader
1171:
1095:
1057:
444:
377:
Belgian state with great autonomy for
Flanders. The VNV revoked this agreement after just one year. In the
483:
653:
238:
339:. Ideologically, the party rejected Belgium and supported the creation of a new polity known as the
682:
340:
294:
228:
169:
160:
156:
415:
When Nazi
Germany invaded Belgium in 1940, De Clercq immediately chose to orient the VNV towards
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35:
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448:
324:
290:
266:
1024:
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965:
261:
for "Flemish
National Union" or "Flemish National League"), widely known by its acronym
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1085:
1051:
1046:
678:
472:
440:
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did not install a civilian government (as in the
Netherlands), but instead installed a
258:
48:
1206:
1181:
1176:
1150:
1100:
479:
408:
328:
107:
53:
888:
Clough, Shepard B. (1946) . "IX: The
Flemish Movement". In Goris, Jan-Albert (ed.).
373:
also performed strongly, the two parties concluded an alliance intended to create a
1110:
1029:
468:
467:. They willingly implemented Nazi policies like the obligation of Jews to wear the
460:
436:
420:
389:
370:
359:
286:
191:
43:
690:
1155:
935:
374:
320:
302:
81:
319:(VNV) was founded on 8 October 1933. Its origins were in the long-established
217:
115:
970:
1186:
1035:
432:
384:
Despite cooperating with the
Flemish section of the mainstream centre-right
355:
899:
Greep naar de Macht: Vlaams-nationalisme en Nieuwe orde, het VNV 1933-1945
404:
392:, hoping his project could be realised with German help. He contacted the
278:
92:
1007:
1001:
332:
270:
96:
1063:
456:
393:
892:. The United Nations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
654:"Maurice de Wilde, België in de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Deel 3 · dbnl"
403:
871:
Genocide and
Fascism: The Eliminationist Drive in Fascist Europe
841:
Genocide and
Fascism: The Eliminationist Drive in Fascist Europe
974:
757:
Defending
Democracy: Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe
718:
in Portugal (1932–1968) and Brazil (1937–1945), the Austrian
419:, despite his previous declarations that he would not do so.
411:
who led the VNV after Staf Declercq's death, pictured in 1942
478:
Declercq died suddenly in October 1942 and was succeeded by
941:
Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890
293:
by inclination, the party advocated the creation of a "
273:
between 1933 and 1945. It became the leading force of
1164:
1078:
1017:
618:Witte, Els; Craeybeckx, Jan; Meynen, Alain (2010).
210:
198:
187:
175:
150:
138:
126:
114:
102:
88:
76:
68:
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42:
21:
772:. University of Ghent, 2010, Master thesis history
620:Political History of Belgium: From 1830 Onwards.
819:
817:
815:
736:Political History of Belgium, from 1830 onwards
692:International Encyclopedia of Political Science
966:Footage of the first four VNV party congresses
759:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114.
1018:Political parties and collaborationist groups
986:
916:Ishiyama, John T.; Breuning, Marijke (1998).
808:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 424.
8:
856:Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right
121:Nationaal-Socialistische Jeugd in Vlaanderen
314:
251:
993:
979:
971:
747:
745:
18:
1243:Belgian collaboration during World War II
354:It shared many ideological elements with
1218:Political parties disestablished in 1945
826:World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia
493:
453:6th SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade Langemarck
611:
695:. SAGE Publications (published 2011).
1213:Political parties established in 1933
7:
1248:Defunct political parties in Belgium
828:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 86.
435:. This, along with the departure of
824:De Wever, Bruno (2006). "Belgium".
622:Asp / Vubpress / Upa. pp. 203–204.
143:
14:
1238:1945 disestablishments in Belgium
593:
592:
585:
584:
555:
554:
547:
546:
216:
34:
918:Ethnopolitics in the New Europe
806:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945
1233:1933 establishments in Belgium
792:Vlaams Nationaal Verbond (VNV)
640:VLAAMS NATIONAAL VERBOND (VNV)
16:Political party in Belgium
1:
781:Ishiyama and Brening, p. 1123
463:to Eastern Europe as part of
367:1936 Belgian general election
301:) combining Flanders and the
1064:German-Flemish Working Group
920:. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
283:German occupation of Belgium
202:"Authority, discipline, and
133:Diets Militia—Black Brigades
689:, eds. (7 September 2011).
471:. VNV activists led in the
188:French-speaking counterpart
1279:
1223:Fascist parties in Belgium
869:Kallis, Aristotle (2009).
839:Kallis, Aristotle (2009).
804:Payne, Stanley G. (1995).
429:Alexander von Falkenhausen
316:Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond
269:political party active in
253:Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond
27:Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond
873:. Routledge. p. 280.
843:. Routledge. p. 278.
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
315:
252:
224:
215:
33:
1263:Banned far-right parties
1253:The Holocaust in Belgium
944:. Simon & Schuster.
897:De Wever, Bruno (1994).
465:the Holocaust in Belgium
327:which was taken over by
1172:Belgium in World War II
1058:Algemeene-SS Vlaanderen
445:Algemeene-SS Vlaanderen
425:military administration
325:Flemish patriotic party
275:political collaboration
177:Political position
1258:Anti-communist parties
1041:Flemish National Union
412:
24:Flemish National Union
642:. www.belgiumwwii.be.
490:Electoral performance
407:
683:Berg-Schlosser, Dirk
738:. ASP. p. 157.
734:Witte, Els (2009).
341:Greater Netherlands
295:Greater Netherlands
267:Flemish nationalist
229:Politics of Belgium
170:Right-wing populism
161:Greater Netherlands
157:Flemish nationalism
753:Capoccia, Giovanni
427:headed by General
413:
1200:
1199:
1146:Raymond De Becker
1136:Joris Van Severen
901:. Tielt: Lannoo.
687:Morlino, Leonardo
628:978-90-5487-517-8
603:
602:
247:
246:
234:Political parties
166:Corporate statism
128:Paramilitary wing
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1192:Flemish Movement
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1047:Walloon Legion
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960:External links
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1106:Jef François
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936:Rees, Philip
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706:. Retrieved
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469:yellow badge
461:Belgian Jews
443:to form the
437:Ward Hermans
421:Adolf Hitler
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390:Nazi Germany
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371:Rexist Party
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360:anti-Semitic
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287:World War II
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192:Rexist Party
163:(until 1940)
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89:Headquarters
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51:(until 1942)
1156:Pierre Daye
1131:José Streel
1121:René Lagrou
720:Standestaat
716:Estado Novo
708:9 September
509:Government
441:René Lagrou
375:corporatist
321:Frontpartij
303:Netherlands
281:during the
194:(1936–1937)
82:Frontpartij
56:(from 1942)
1207:Categories
1096:Jean Denis
908:902092267X
882:References
664:2021-07-03
660:(in Dutch)
211:Party flag
139:Membership
116:Youth wing
1187:Dietsland
1036:Verdinaso
606:Footnotes
506:Position
497:Election
433:Wehrmacht
356:Verdinaso
349:Dietsland
345:Dietsland
299:Dietsland
239:Elections
204:Dietsland
182:Far-right
103:Newspaper
69:Dissolved
1066:(DeVlag)
938:(1991).
755:(2005).
579:17 / 202
571:164,253
541:16 / 202
533:166,737
279:Flanders
265:, was a
152:Ideology
93:Brussels
1165:Related
1012:to 1945
1008:Belgium
1002:Fascism
890:Belgium
431:of the
365:In the
333:fascist
309:Origins
271:Belgium
97:Belgium
61:Founded
1079:People
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652:DBNL.
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503:Seats
500:Votes
484:Allies
457:DeVlag
394:Abwehr
337:per se
199:Slogan
44:Leader
1043:(VNV)
1032:(Rex)
574:8.40
536:7.06
259:Dutch
946:ISBN
922:ISBN
903:ISBN
710:2020
697:ISBN
658:DBNL
624:ISBN
597:4th
567:1939
559:5th
529:1936
455:and
439:and
313:The
249:The
144:est.
1004:in
551:16
351:".
297:" (
285:in
277:in
263:VNV
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