145:, and, by extension, helped cement stroke units as the standard of care for stroke patients everywhere. He discovered that the control of the heart by the brain is asymmetric, the fight/flight (sympathetic) response being controlled by the right hemisphere and the rest and digest (parasympathetic) response being controlled by the left hemisphere and damage to one key component (the insula) can lead to heart irregularities and sudden death. This discovery has added fundamental knowledge to how the brain controls the heart and blood pressure and lays the foundation for helping prevent sudden death.
77:
25:
1957:; Nyenhuis, David L.; Black, Sandra E.; Powers, William J.; DeCarli, Charles; Merino, Jose G.; Kalaria, Raj N.; Vinters, Harry V.; Holtzman, David M.; Rosenberg, Gary A.; Wallin, Anders; Dichgans, Martin; Marler, John R.; Leblanc, Gabrielle G. (September 2006). "National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeâCanadian Stroke Network Vascular Cognitive Impairment Harmonization Standards".
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360:, stroke, etc.) are treatable as well. He has offered an explanation for the origin of some of these lesions and associated symptoms through his concept of ambibaric brain. He postulates that the brain has two complementary blood pressure systems, one high and one low and disturbances in each lead to different types of preventable lesions.
524:
on secondary stroke prevention. The study aimed to explore the efficacy of stroke risk-factor counselling and monitoring in effecting lifestyle changes and prescription adherence in patients, as well as exploring barriers and testing possible solutions to effective stroke risk-factor management. The
363:
At the time, the prevalent view that dementia ensued from the slow strangulation of the brain's blood supply by hardening of the arteries spawned a whole industry of brain vessel âvasodilatorsâ. He showed that brain blood vessels in dementia were not âhardenedâ and that âvasodilatorsâ were not only
280:, St. Joseph's Hospital, and the London Psychiatric Hospital. He was hired concurrently as a professor at Western University (then called the University of Western Ontario). During this time (and until 1990), he also acted as Director of the Investigative Stroke Unit at London's University Hospital.
481:
He is a participant in an initiative to make brain health the top priority. He has offered a definition of brain health based on the World Health
Organization definition of healthâ âA state of complete physical, mental and social well-being through a full, balanced, continuous development and
444:
The MacLachlan Stroke Unit at
Sunnybrook, Canada's first stroke unit (est. 1975), was almost 20 years ahead of its time; stroke units have been considered the most effective treatment for stroke patients of all ages, severities, and types only since the 1990s. Hachinski and Norris' early work with
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Hachinski continued to develop and promote his novel approach to dementia â viewing it as a product of preventable and treatable vascular problems, thus itself also amenable to prevention, delay, and mitigation â eventually coining it as the âvascular cognitive impairment approachâ to dementias in
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1. The âterrible threeâ inflict the highest number of death and disability adjusted life years (DALYâs) globally. However, they share the same treatable and preventable risk factors and represent risks for each other. Consequently, conditions that occur together should be prevented together.
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Hachinski, Vladimir; EinhĂ€upl, Karl; Ganten, Detlev; Alladi, Suvarna; Brayne, Carol; Stephan, Blossom C. M.; Sweeney, Melanie D.; Zlokovic, Berislav; Iturria-Medina, Yasser; Iadecola, Costantino; Nishimura, Nozomi; Schaffer, Chris B.; Whitehead, Shawn N.; Black, Sandra E.; Ăstergaard, Leif
392:
describe the rarefaction; and second, they specifically highlighted a previously underappreciated relationship between vascular risk factors for cognitive impairment (i.e., treatable and preventable risk factors for both stroke and multi-infarct dementia) and leukoaraiosis. By coining
525:
preliminary results were extremely promising, showing that the addition of non-medical personnel to usual stroke care results in far better outcomes and reduced risk-factors. That initial study led to the creation of a multi-centre study in 2009 under the direction of
Richard Chan.
271:
at
Sunnybrook Medical Centre, where he and Dr. John W. Norris established the MacLachlan Stroke Unit, Canada's first acute stroke unit. Hachinski remained at Sunnybrook until 1980, when he moved to London, Ontario to act as a neurology consultant for its major health centres:
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Gent, Michael; Donald Easton, J.; Hachinski, VladimirC.; Panak, Edouard; Sicurella, Jane; Blakely, JohnA.; Ellis, DavidJ.; Harbison, JohnW.; Roberts, RobinS.; Turpie, AlexanderG.G. (June 1989). "The
Canadian American Ticlopidine Study (Cats) in Thromboembolic Stroke".
452:, he developed (with Robert CotĂ©), the Canadian Neurological Scale â a simple but systematic tool, usable by non-physicians for evaluating and monitoring the neurological status of patients with acute stroke. Later, in 1992, he (with collaborators David Cechetto and
2477:
Gent, M; Blakely, J A; Easton, J D; Ellis, D J; Hachinski, V C; Harbison, J W; Panak, E; Roberts, R S; Sicurella, J; Turpie, A G (October 1988). "The
Canadian American Ticlopidine Study (CATS) in thromboembolic stroke. Design, organization, and baseline results".
364:
expensive but useless. He also developed an eponymic âischemic scoreâ that continues to be widely used to identify the vascular (treatable and preventable) component of dementia. Successfully distinguishing between the two is tremendously important for patient
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Steingart, A.; Hachinski, V. C.; Lau, C.; Fox, A. J.; Diaz, F.; Cape, R.; Lee, D.; Inzitari, D.; Merskey, H. (1 January 1987). "Cognitive and
Neurologic Findings in Subjects With Diffuse White Matter Lucencies on Computed Tomographic Scan (Leuko-Araiosis)".
583:
2015 led the development of a
Proclamation about the joint prevention of stroke and dementia, endorsed by all the major international organizations dealing with both. Since then leading the effort to implement the Proclamation on behalf of the World Stroke
468:, and sudden death following acute stroke. This would eventually lead to the discovery that the insula of the brain is the mediator of these various cardiac complications. Knowing this alters doctors to monitor the heart closely, to prevent sudden death.
383:
as risks for stroke and dementia. Rarefaction of white matter in the brain had already been shown to be correlated with a wide variety of health problems, but these papers were groundbreaking for two reasons especially: First, they introduced the term,
533:
Hachinski's home province of
Ontario, Canada introduced a formal Provincial Stroke System in 2000. Hachinski advocates a strategy of preventing some dementias through the prevention of stroke. With his colleagues, he showed, for the first time, a
573:
Additionally, he advocates a change in strategy. Instead of using fear, warning people that if they donât lead a healthy lifestyle they will suffer a stroke, heart disease or dementia decades later, the aim is to achieve brain/mental health now.
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that unit and others helped to cement the importance of dedicated wards for stroke patient monitoring and treatment, but his research over the next 17 years also shaped how those treatments and monitoring methods are executed.
933:, in Spanish under the pen name Alejandro Aranda. In addition, "Dream Waltz," composed by Hachinski and orchestrated by Jason Stanford (Professor of Theory and Composition at Western University), premiered at the
497:
for treatment, Hachinski also has a keen research interest in stroke prevention. He acted as the principal neurological investigator on several seminal, multicentre studies, beginning with the
Canadian-American
477:
He leads a multidisciplinary team studying for the first time together environmental, socioeconomic and individual risk and protective factors in the joint prevention of stroke, heart disease and dementia.
368:, as treating the vascular causes of dementias can mitigate their effects. The scale is a prolifically cited tool, and has since been validated and optimized for use outside of clinical research settings.
401:, rather than solely retroactive and treatment-based approach included other novel coinages, such as âbrain at risk,â describing patients without cognitive impairment but with risk factors for it.
404:
Even with these developments, available diagnostic criteria for dementias continued to present a challenge, as they were not able to capture the complex, interactive, and adaptive nature of brain
587:
2011â2013: Founding chair, World Brain Alliance, a collection of international organizations promoting brain/mental health and reducing brain/mental health disorders, founded on three premises:
3637:
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study (1983â88) and the Extracranial/Intracranial Arterial Bypass Surgery trial (1983â87). The former showed a preventative advantage to the drug Ticlopidine over commonly-prescribed
711:
Hachinski's primary popular medicine contributions have been publications in cooperation with his son, Vladimir, and daughter, Larissa. With Vladimir, he published an article in the
1612:
Hachinski, V. C.; Iliff, L. D.; Zilhka, E.; Du Boulay, G. H.; McAllister, V. L.; Marshall, J.; Russell, R. W. R.; Symon, L. (1 September 1975). "Cerebral Blood Flow in Dementia".
474:
Since stroke, heart disease and dementia represent risks for each other and share the same risk and protective factors, he advocates preventing this âTriple Threatâ together.
721:
in 2003. Coining and employing the term âbrain attack,â the book was written to increase public awareness of the importance of adequate stroke care and early intervention.
133:, the interactions between them and their joint prevention through holistic brain health promotion. He and John W. Norris helped to establish the world's first successful
229:
96:
912:"Transient cerebral ischemia: a historical sketch." In: Historical Aspects of the Neurosciences. (Eds) Rose FC, Bynum WF. Raven Press, New York, pp. 185â193, 1982.
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leading to dementia. For this reason, in 2006, Hachinski decided to lead (with Gabrielle LeBlanc) the development of core common standards to describe the clinical,
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Over the course of his career, Hachinski has been the recipient of many awards and recognitions in his field. The most notable and significant are outlined below.
922:
561: a. Comprehensive â meaning that all relevant factors need to be considered: Environment, socio-economic factors and individual risk and protective factors
2259:"Special topic section: linkages among cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and cognitive disorders: Preventing dementia by preventing stroke: The Berlin Manifesto"
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393:âleukoaraiosis,â Hachinski drew medical practitionersâ attention to these white matter hypodensities in the brains of patients affected by small strokes.
110:
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Sposato, Luciano A.; Kapral, Moira K.; Fang, Jiming; Gill, Sudeep S.; Hackam, Daniel G.; Cipriano, Lauren E.; Hachinski, Vladimir (1 December 2015).
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1020:
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has allowed for ongoing improvement of the diagnostic criteria with new knowledge, comparison of results from different studies, and analysis &
4769:
545:
He advocates and will help implement a new approach to the joint prevention of stroke, ischemic heart disease and dementia (the terrible three).
2189:
Oppenheimer, S. M.; Gelb, A.; Girvin, J. P.; Hachinski, V. C. (1 September 1992). "Cardiovascular effects of human insular cortex stimulation".
1105:(the oldest university of the Spanish speaking world) was awarded in 2000. This was followed by Doctor of the University honoris causa from the
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3865:
273:
100:
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EC/IC Bypass Study, Group. (7 November 1985). "Failure of ExtracranialâIntracranial Arterial Bypass to Reduce the Risk of Ischemic Stroke".
542:. He is leading a team from 5 Western University faculties, 5 provinces and 4 countries, to find out how and help apply the lessons widely.
712:
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2. To be effective prevention has to occur in âactionable unitsâ small enough that their members have or can develop a sense of community.
3541:
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303:âs highest earned degree, Doctor of Science (in Hachinski's case, in medicine), was conferred upon him in 1988 for his âcontributions to
2618:"Promoting Adherence to a Regimen of risk factor modification by Trained Non-medical personnel Evaluated against Regular practice Study"
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63:
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An interest in the history of medicine has led Hachinski to publish several articles on the subject over the course of his career:
34:
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Hachinski, VC; Lassen, NA; Marshall, J (27 July 1974). "Multi-infarct dementia. A cause of mental deterioration in the elderly".
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Hachinski, Vladimir (2015). "Stroke and potentially preventable dementias proclamation: updated World Stroke Day proclamation".
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2308:
Hachinski, Vladimir; Ganten, Detlev; Lackland, Daniel; Kreutz, Reinhold; Tsioufis, Konstantinos; Hacke, Werner (2018-10-17).
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1014:
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909:"H.J.M Barnett: a biographical sketch." "Modern Neurosurgical Giants" Ed: Bucy PC. Elsevier, New York, pp. 35â38, 1986.
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The scientific bases for preventing stroke and dementia together have been summarized by an international panel of experts.
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Hachinski, Vladimir; Oveisgharan, S; Romney, AK; Shankle, WR (1 February 2012). "Optimizing the Hachinski Ischemic Scale".
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484:"Brain health is when thinking, feeling and connecting are the best that they can be in a sage, healthy environment."
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1072:
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2016: The McLaughlin Medal of the Royal Society of Canada for âresearch of sustained excellence in medical scienceâ
122:
328:). Hachinski showed in 1975 that, in fact, only a small minority of dementias were so-caused, and that most were â
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Sinha, S.; Warburton, E.A. (September 2000). "The evolution of stroke unitsâtowards a more intensive approach?".
1247:
1048:
926:
637:
178:, and the recipient of several national and international awards and recognitions for his research and advocacy.
3739:"Dr. Vladimir Hachinski's brush with royalty - Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry - Western University"
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in the brains of elderly people. These papers were among the first to recognize the importance of white matter
325:
1815:
Bowler, JV; Hachinski, V (August 1995). "Vascular cognitive impairment: a new approach to vascular dementia".
1378:
Sörös P, Hachinski V (2012). "Cardiovascular and neurological causes of sudden death after ischaemic stroke".
921:
He possesses an honours degree in history from the University of London, UK, is a Corresponding Member of the
3638:"CAHS Fellows Directory â Canadian Academy of Health Sciences / AcadĂ©mie canadianne des sciences de la santĂ©"
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4066:
4028:
3613:
1867:
Hachinski, V (12 September 1992). "Preventable senility: a call for action against the vascular dementias".
1102:
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233:
232:(FRCPC) in 1972. From 1973-74, a research fellowship with the Ontario Department of Health brought him to a
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1201:"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences at Western University - Vladimir Hachinski Faculty Profile"
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1007:
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3691:"Charitable Trust, Mihara Cerebrovascular Disorder Research Promotion Fund, Mihara Award: Past Winners"
2154:
Oppenheimer, Stephen M.; Cechetto, DF; Hachinski, VC (1 May 1990). "Cerebrogenic Cardiac Arrhythmias".
1085:
320:
At the beginning of Hachinski's career, the view prevailed that most dementias were caused by hardened
4104:
3958:
2000:
Langhorne, P.; Williams, B.O.; Gilchrist, W.; Howie, K. (August 1993). "Do stroke units save lives?".
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He introduced 9 international editions and a mentorship program for authors from developing countries.
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1982:
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621:(WFN; international body representing world neurology); first Canadian in its six decades history
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and senile dementia) and to emphasize that they are preventable and treatable, insofar as their
1457:
Canadian who's who. Volume XXIV, 1989, Simpson, Kieran (ed.); University of Toronto Press, 1988
1321:
Langhorne, Peter; Ramachandra, Samantha; Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration (23 April 2020).
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published a series of papers by Hachinski, Harold Merskey and colleagues on the rarefaction of
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2009:
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3614:"Distinguished University Professor Awards - Office of the President - Western University"
3201:
2741:"The comprehensive, customized, cost-effective approach (CCCAP) to prevention of dementia"
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2020: Distinguished Inaugural Lecture at the foundation of the African Stroke Organization
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Hachinski, Vladimir; Avan, Abolfazl; Gilliland, Jason; Oveisgharan, Shahram (May 2021).
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2367:"Brain HealthâCurbing Stroke, Heart Disease, and Dementia: The 2020 Wartenberg Lecture"
1970:
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1322:
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Hachinski, Vladimir (1993). "Neurology in Islamic Spain: a call for further research".
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40:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly
2527:
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Oppenheimer, SM; Hachinski, VC (February 1992). "The cardiac consequences of stroke".
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567: c. Cost-effective â to justify why it should be done ahead of other priorities
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3915:
3813:"Honoris Causa para destacado neurĂłlogo canadiense â Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba"
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2013:
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388:,â a word derived by Hachinski, Paul Potter and Harold Merskey to etymologically and
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Following this, he returned to Toronto to take a staff position in the Department of
3762:
3667:"Canadian neurologist wins highest award as American Stroke Association honors five"
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2794:
Avan, Abolfazl; Hachinski, Vladimir; Brain Health Learn and Act Group (2021-09-27).
2700:"Declining Incidence of Stroke and Dementia: Coincidence or Prevention Opportunity?"
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1986:
1939:
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3176:
Stroke: A Comprehensive Guide to "brain Attacks" : Everything You Need to Know
2029:
1338:
981:
715:
called, "Music and the Brain" in August 1994. With Larissa, he published the book,
686:
376:
292:
268:
3373:"Celebrating research excellence and innovation | St. Joseph's Health Care London"
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1407:
958:
2022: The Potamkin Prize for Research in Pick's, Alzheimer's, and Related Diseases
76:
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Hachinski, V. C.; Bowler, J. V.; Loeb, C. (1 October 1993). "Vascular dementia".
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1660:
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717:
332:â â dementias caused by multiple, small, often imperceptible strokes. The terms â
228:
in Toronto. He received his formal accreditation in neurology as a Fellow of the
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2004-06: Led working group to develop World Stroke Agenda (2004, Vancouver) and
499:
389:
3763:"DistinciĂłn para el neurĂłlogo Vladimir Hachinski - Universidad de Buenos Aires"
2310:"Implementing the Proclamation of Stroke and Potentially Preventable Dementias"
961:
2021: The World Federation of Neurology Medal for âServices to World Neurologyâ
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4301:
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2491:
2258:
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Hachinski, V. C.; Potter, P.; Merskey, H. (1 January 1987). "Leuko-Araiosis".
852:
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257:
195:
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2943:"Neurology in a globalizing world: World Congress of Neurology, Vienna, 2013"
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2335:
2326:
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CÎté, R; Hachinski, V C; Shurvell, B L; Norris, J W; Wolfson, C (July 1986).
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4071:
2238:. Understanding vascular mechanisms > Stroke Related Research > par. 3
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675:
405:
365:
149:
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3117:
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International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) Registry
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1978:
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1399:
1364:
1299:
860:
755:
506:, while the latter showed that the increasingly popular and very expensive
3314:"Change agents in health care: CMA presents recipients of 2020 CMA Awards"
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1801:
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1523:
1323:"Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke: network meta-analysis"
902:
831:
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Hachinski, V (March 1999). "Stalin's last years: delusions or dementia?".
1780:
Hachinski, Vladimir (1994). "Vascular Dementia: A Radical Redefinition".
1278:; Fisher, Marc; Macleod, Malcolm; Davis, Stephen M (May 2008). "Stroke".
671:
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353:
304:
218:
191:
187:
130:
3253:"Western News - Partnership captures a beautiful 'Dream' for professors"
3034:"World Stroke Organization - Elections Results - WSO Board of Directors"
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503:
261:
245:
142:
3590:"The Governor General of Canada, Honours, Order of Canada, Recipients"
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Hachinski, Vladimir; the Dementia Prevention Initiative (2022-02-01).
2080:"The Canadian Neurological Scale: a preliminary study in acute stroke"
1793:
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2020: The American Academy of Neurology Wartenberg Lecture & Award
456:) began work to explore possible mechanisms for observed increases in
1031:
2010: Ontario Premier's Discovery Award in life sciences and medicine
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380:
241:
134:
126:
3009:
The History of the World Federation of Neurology: The First 50 Years
1430:
Port Perry and Scugog Township Heritage Gallery (scugogheritage.com)
881:
Hachinski, Vladimir (1986). "H.J.M Barnett: a biographical sketch".
513:
procedure did not significantly reduce the risk of ischemic stroke.
1565:"The Ambibaric Brain: Pathophysiological and Clinical Implications"
564: b. Customized â to address the main and manageable problems
448:
In 1986, while he was Director of the Investigative Stroke Unit at
4780:
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
1158:"Vladimir Hachinski, CM, MD, DSc, FRCPC, Doctor honoris causaX4"
1041:
1013:
2013: Chancellor's Award Lecture in Neuroscience and Neurology,
964:
2021: The 41st T.S. Srinivasan Oration and gold medal and scroll
870:
Annals of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
516:
In 2003, alongside several other researchers, Hachinski began a
3861:
595:
Brain health begins with the mother's and the child's education
1426:"Former PPHS graduate now heads World Federation of Neurology"
1000:
2015: Scientist Career Award, Lawson Health Research Institute
654:
344:"with a vascular component" in order to distinguish them from
18:
3788:"La UBA comenzó a celebrar los primeros 190 años de historia"
1953:
Hachinski, Vladimir; Iadecola, Costantino; Petersen, Ron C.;
1134:"Dr. Vladimir Hachinski - Western University Faculty Profile"
3518:"Biomedical Science Ambassador Award - Partners In Research"
493:
In addition to his interest in the mechanisms of stroke and
190:, the eldest of three children. He moved with his family to
2796:"Brain health: Key to health, productivity, and well-being"
1077:
2000: Mihara Award in research on cerebrovascular disorders
162:
and founder of World Brain Alliance. He is a Fellow of the
646:
Proclamation (2006, Cape Town), observed every October 29.
570:
This approach is known as the CCCAP or the 3Câs approach.
158:
the leading publication in the field and president of the
148:
Hachinski has held many prominent positions in the global
2898:
eanpages - News Blog of the European Academy of Neurology
994:
2017: Prince Mahidol Award in the field of Public Health,
601:
Knowledge accrues in pieces but is understood in patterns
299:
with a focus on design, measurement, and evaluation. The
1101:. The first, Doctor of Medicine honoris causa from the
682:
3172:
Hachinski, Vladimir; Hachinski, Larissa (2003-01-01).
538:
decrease in the incidence of stroke and dementia at a
33:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
604:
God may forgive our sins, but our bodies hold grudges
3469:"Order of Ontario Appointees by year of Appointment"
3206:
Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española (ANLE)
2674:"Advocating for global stroke and dementia strategy"
152:
community, including editor-in-chief of the journal
3421:"Two researchers share the Karolinska Stroke Award"
1563:Hachinski, Vladimir; Ăstergaard, Leif (June 2021).
283:In 1987, he earned a Master of Science degree from
3173:
1109:(2005), Doctor of Medicine honoris causa from the
941:by the Brno Philharmoniker on September 24, 2013.
230:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
3445:"25 Appointees Named to Ontario's Highest Honour"
2653:Ontario College of Family Physicians (ocfp.on.ca)
2593:"Canadian Stroke Network Annual Report 2002-2003"
3493:"Premier's Discovery Awards (download required)"
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
804:Gasecki, Andrew P.; Hachinski, Vladimir (1996).
340:â would later be widely adopted to describe all
125:. His research pertains in the greatest part to
3715:"Port Perry / Scugog Township Heritage Gallery"
3344:"Announcement of the Prince Mahidol Award 2016"
1537:Alagiakrishnan, Kannayiram; Memon, Mohammed A.
1080:1990: Ontario Trillium Clinical Scientist Award
1003:2014: Fellowship in the Royal Society of Canada
3397:"Search Fellows | The Royal Society of Canada"
3131:Hachinski, K V; Hachinski, V (1 August 1994).
1010:Stroke Award for Excellence in Stroke Research
923:North American Academy of the Spanish Language
610:We need not only rising stars, but North Stars
607:We need fewer watch dogs and more hunting dogs
3873:
718:Stroke: A Comprehensive Guide to Brain Attack
548:The new approach is based on these premises:
8:
1479:"Dr. Vladimir Hachinski, CM, MD, FRCPC, DSc"
624:2006-10: Vice President (North America), WFN
1327:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1047:2010: Leadership in Stroke Medicine Award,
1034:2010: Biomedical Science Ambassador Award,
841:Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
713:Journal of the Canadian Medical Association
205:Hachinski received his MD in 1966 from the
3880:
3866:
3858:
1782:Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
1483:Canadians for Health Research (chrcrm.org)
1113:(2007), and Doctor honoris causa from the
1059:2006: Distinguished University Professor,
3148:
3107:
3074:
2958:
2715:
2629:
2437:
2325:
2095:
1724:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 128.
1580:
1354:
821:
810:Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
578:Key administrative positions and advocacy
111:Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
64:Learn how and when to remove this message
1846:. Oxford University Press. p. 258.
1844:Cognitive Neurology: A Clinical Textbook
1021:Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
929:) and has published a poetry anthology,
75:
1718:Aminoff, Michael Jeffrey (2008-01-01).
1125:
592:There is no health without brain health
424:features of cognitive impairment. This
202:a year later at the top of his class .
182:Early life, education, and early career
4790:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
3090:Hachinski, Vladimir (September 2008).
3057:Hachinski, Vladimir (September 2008).
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
482:exercise of the brain or in lay terms
238:National Hospital for Nervous Diseases
1107:University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
7:
3839:"CASAGIT - Prof. Vladimir Hachinski"
3202:"AcadĂ©micos correspondientes â ANLE"
2168:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530050029008
1918:(10): 2159â60, author reply 2160â1.
1759:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520130013009
1697:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520130024012
1626:10.1001/archneur.1975.00490510088009
1419:
1417:
1222:
1220:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
3324:from the original on 10 August 2020
2894:"Interview with Vladimir Hachinski"
1115:Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
1067:Canadian Academy of Health Sciences
168:Canadian Academy of Health Sciences
117:. He is also a Senior Scientist at
2422:"A new definition of brain health"
2365:Hachinski, Vladimir (2021-08-10).
1971:10.1161/01.STR.0000237236.88823.47
868:"Cajal: crossroads to greatness".
748:10.1111/j.1468-1331.1999.tb00004.x
14:
2646:"Ontario Stroke System Overview"
1111:University of Cordoba, Argentina
925:(a corresponding academy of the
773:"Kos (A poem about Hippocrates)"
659:
291:, studying in the Department of
248:, and then to the Department of
194:as a child. The family moved to
107:Canadian clinical neuroscientist
44:. Please discuss further on the
23:
16:Canadian clinical neuroscientist
4775:Members of the Order of Ontario
3059:"World Stroke Day Proclamation"
2559:New England Journal of Medicine
2314:International Journal of Stroke
2263:International Journal of Stroke
1044:Merit Award in Medical Sciences
636:2008-12 : Vice President,
4770:Members of the Order of Canada
3251:Wallace, Janice (2013-06-20).
3006:Aarli, Johan A. (2014-05-08).
2941:Hachinski, V. (10 June 2013).
1817:BailliĂšre's Clinical Neurology
1721:Neurology and General Medicine
1339:10.1002/14651858.CD000197.pub4
1103:University of Salamanca, Spain
674:format but may read better as
198:thereafter. He graduated from
164:Royal Society of Canada (FRSC)
1:
4765:Ukrainian emigrants to Canada
3890:Canadian Medical Hall of Fame
3230:. Madrid: Editorial Pliegos.
3180:. Firefly Books. p. ix.
2678:London Health Sciences Centre
2528:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92327-1
2439:10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00102-2
2133:10.1016/S0733-8619(18)30239-1
1516:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91496-2
1392:10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70291-5
1292:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60694-7
1055:Member of the Order of Canada
989:Canadian Medical Hall of Fame
789:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)62150-2
736:European Journal of Neurology
619:World Federation of Neurology
450:University Hospital in London
346:primary degenerative dementia
338:vascular cognitive impairment
316:Vascular cognitive impairment
217:and neurology in Toronto and
160:World Federation of Neurology
3318:Canadian Medical Association
3278:"Undreamt dreams can happen"
3276:Hachinski, Vladimir (2016).
3109:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.531681
3076:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.000009
2983:"Officers â Past Presidents"
2960:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318296ea48
2863:10.1161/strokeaha.115.011237
2717:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.2816
2383:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012103
2014:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92813-9
1881:10.1016/0140-6736(92)92177-h
1661:10.1001/archneurol.2011.1698
1582:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033492
975:Canadian Medical Association
895:10.1016/0090-3019(86)90334-4
771:Hachinski, Vladimir (1997).
109:and researcher based at the
4729:Marie-Marguerite d'Youville
2571:10.1056/NEJM198511073131904
1073:American Stroke Association
1071:2005: Thomas Willis Award,
651:Non-scientific publications
558:3. The approach has to be:
196:Port Perry, Ontario, Canada
4806:
3348:www.princemahidolaward.org
3226:Aranda, Alejandro (1990).
3012:. OUP Oxford. p. 99.
2800:Alzheimer's & Dementia
2745:Alzheimer's & Dementia
1228:"Order of Canada Citation"
806:"On the names of Babinski"
627:2000-10: Editor-in-Chief,
617:2010-13 : President,
324:(mental deterioration via
123:Robarts Research Institute
4459:Jonathan Campbell Meakins
3896:
3473:www.citizenship.gov.on.ca
2492:10.1161/01.str.19.10.1203
1049:World Stroke Organization
987:2018: Induction into the
973:2020: Awarded one of the
853:10.1080/09647049309525551
823:10.1017/s0317167100039226
638:World Stroke Organization
598:Our brains are our future
397:1994. This proactive and
307:, stroke, and dementia.â
170:(FCAHS), a Member of the
4755:Canadian neuroscientists
4569:Cheryl Rockman-Greenberg
4504:William Thornton Mustard
4371:Charles Philippe Leblond
2327:10.1177/1747493018799965
2271:10.1177/1747493019871915
1924:10.1212/wnl.43.10.2159-a
1255:Dementia Action Alliance
1065:2005: Fellowship in the
326:cerebral atherosclerosis
4067:William Arthur Cochrane
3092:"World Stroke Day 2008"
2097:10.1161/01.str.17.4.731
1015:University of Louisiana
945:Honours and recognition
683:converting this section
522:Canadian Stroke Network
330:multi-infarct dementias
4670:Lucille Teasdale-Corti
4484:Frederick Montizambert
3989:Wilfred Gordon Bigelow
3719:www.scugogheritage.com
2918:"World Brain Alliance"
2631:10.1186/isrctn07607027
2057:10.1093/qjmed/93.9.633
977:'s F.N.G. Starr Award.
540:whole-population level
371:In 1986, the journal,
200:Port Perry High School
186:Hachinski was born in
81:
80:Dr. Vladimir Hachinski
3425:Karolinska Institutet
3377:www.sjhc.london.on.ca
3282:Hektoen International
3133:"Music and the brain"
2203:10.1212/wnl.42.9.1727
2156:Archives of Neurology
1842:Cappa, S. F. (2008).
1747:Archives of Neurology
1685:Archives of Neurology
1649:Archives of Neurology
1614:Archives of Neurology
1097:Hachinski holds four
927:Royal Spanish Academy
373:Archives of Neurology
342:cognitive impairments
207:University of Toronto
79:
42:neutral point of view
4627:F. Estelle R. Simons
4125:Charles George Drake
4052:Harvey Max Chochinov
3522:Partners In Research
3038:www.world-stroke.org
2426:The Lancet Neurology
2233:"A stroke of genius"
1955:Breteler, Monique M.
1248:"A stroke of genius"
1040:2010: International
1036:Partners In Research
301:University of London
209:, and completed his
4584:Jean-Lucien Rouleau
4272:Emmett Matthew Hall
4082:Douglas Harold Copp
3944:Charles Thomas Beer
3934:Henry J. M. Barnett
3888:Inductees into the
3743:www.schulich.uwo.ca
2987:www.wfneurology.org
2922:www.wfneurology.org
2522:(8649): 1215â1220.
2265:: 174749301987191.
1539:"Vascular Dementia"
1286:(9624): 1612â1623.
1138:www.schulich.uwo.ca
1099:honorary doctorates
984:in health sciences.
950:Awards/recognitions
917:Arts and humanities
454:Stephen Oppenheimer
285:McMaster University
274:University Hospital
254:Bispebjerg Hospital
250:Clinical Physiology
192:Caripito, Venezuela
139:Sunnybrook Hospital
4785:People from Scugog
4690:Sir Charles Tupper
4632:Duncan G. Sinclair
4494:Thomas John Murray
4322:Charles B. Huggins
4307:Charles Hollenberg
4287:Donald Olding Hebb
4277:Judith Goslin Hall
4262:Vladimir Hachinski
4186:John G. FitzGerald
3964:Michel G. Bergeron
3695:www.mihara.umin.jp
3320:. 10 August 2020.
2121:Neurologic Clinics
1276:Donnan, Geoffrey A
1257:. researchmedia.eu
1086:Canadian Whoâs Who
1083:1989: Featured in
1061:Western University
980:2018: Awarded the
883:Surgical Neurology
725:Medical historical
707:Popular (medicine)
685:, if appropriate.
520:study through the
518:proof of principle
410:neuropsychological
236:laboratory at the
115:Western University
85:Vladimir Hachinski
82:
4742:
4741:
4622:Louis Siminovitch
4282:Michael R. Hayden
4239:Richard Goldbloom
4153:John Robert Evans
4130:Daniel J. Drucker
4004:Adolfo J. de Bold
3929:Frederick Banting
3924:Elizabeth Bagshaw
3566:"WSO 2010 Awards"
3542:"BIAL Award 2010"
2953:(24): 2248â2249.
2857:(11): 3039â3040.
2812:10.1002/alz.12478
2757:10.1002/alz.12586
2565:(19): 1191â1200.
2486:(10): 1203â1210.
2008:(8868): 395â398.
1794:10.1159/000106709
704:
703:
529:Population health
489:Stroke prevention
422:neuropathological
350:Alzheimer disease
334:vascular dementia
289:Hamilton, Ontario
278:Victoria Hospital
215:internal medicine
188:Zhytomyr, Ukraine
172:Orders of Ontario
74:
73:
66:
37:with its subject.
4797:
4695:D. Lorne Tyrrell
4647:Bette Stephenson
4607:Robert B. Salter
4530:Annette O'Connor
4449:Joseph B. Martin
4409:Walter Mackenzie
4399:Ernest McCulloch
4335:David J. Jenkins
4249:Wilfred Grenfell
4181:C. Miller Fisher
4105:Thomas A. Dignan
4024:G. Malcolm Brown
3999:Stephen Blizzard
3984:John Bienenstock
3959:Philip B. Berger
3882:
3875:
3868:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3834:
3828:
3827:
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3809:
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3799:
3792:DĂas de Historia
3784:
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3775:
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3759:
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3701:
3687:
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3653:
3644:. Archived from
3634:
3628:
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3625:
3624:
3618:president.uwo.ca
3610:
3604:
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3407:
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3387:
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3359:
3350:. Archived from
3340:
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3333:
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3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3273:
3267:
3266:
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3169:
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3128:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3102:(9): 2407â2408.
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3069:(9): 2409â2420.
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3030:
3024:
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3003:
2997:
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2994:
2993:
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2914:
2908:
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2905:
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2889:
2883:
2882:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2806:(7): 1396â1407.
2791:
2785:
2784:
2751:(8): 1565â1568.
2736:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2670:
2664:
2663:
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2510:
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2474:
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2410:
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2110:
2109:
2099:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2040:
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1997:
1991:
1990:
1965:(9): 2220â2241.
1950:
1944:
1943:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1788:(3â4): 130â132.
1777:
1771:
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1742:
1736:
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1715:
1709:
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1679:
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1644:
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1584:
1575:(6): e259âe262.
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
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1534:
1528:
1527:
1510:(7874): 207â10.
1499:
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1154:
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1145:
1144:
1130:
1093:Honorary degrees
1027:Order of Ontario
906:
877:
876:: 290â292. 1992.
864:
835:
825:
800:
767:
699:
696:
690:
681:You can help by
663:
662:
655:
644:World Stroke Day
221:, followed by a
104:
69:
62:
58:
55:
49:
35:close connection
27:
26:
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4642:Nahum Sonenberg
4612:Charles Scriver
4579:Noralou P. Roos
4548:Wilder Penfield
4419:David MacLennan
4376:Maurice LeClair
4340:Harold E. Johns
4297:FĂ©lix d'Herelle
4229:Gustave Gingras
4201:Armand Frappier
4171:William Feindel
4161:Ray Farquharson
4100:Naranjan Dhalla
4062:Michel Chrétien
4042:Elaine A. Carty
3954:Bernard Belleau
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2737:
2733:
2710:(12): 1529â31.
2697:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2616:Chan, Richard.
2615:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2042:
2041:
2037:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1875:(8820): 645â8.
1866:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1461:
1456:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1424:Arculus, Paul.
1423:
1422:
1415:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1333:(4): CD000197.
1320:
1319:
1315:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1095:
952:
947:
939:Vienna, Austria
919:
880:
867:
838:
803:
770:
733:
727:
709:
700:
694:
691:
680:
664:
660:
653:
580:
531:
511:arterial bypass
491:
462:cardiac enzymes
442:
426:standardization
390:Hippocratically
358:atherosclerosis
318:
313:
234:cerebrovascular
223:neurophysiology
184:
87:
70:
59:
53:
50:
39:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4803:
4801:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4747:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4654:
4652:Calvin Stiller
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4558:
4550:
4545:
4543:Anthony Pawson
4540:
4532:
4527:
4519:
4514:
4512:Arnold Naimark
4509:
4501:
4499:Fraser Mustard
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4479:Julio Montaner
4476:
4471:
4469:Ronald Melzack
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4404:John McEachern
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:Peter Lougheed
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4366:Bernard Langer
4363:
4358:
4350:
4345:
4337:
4332:
4330:Herbert Jasper
4327:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4224:Jacques Genest
4221:
4219:William Gallie
4216:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4191:Claude Fortier
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4166:Sylvia Fedoruk
4163:
4158:
4150:
4145:
4137:
4135:Jacalyn Duffin
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4047:Brock Chisholm
4044:
4039:
4034:Alan C. Burton
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4009:Roberta Bondar
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3979:Norman Bethune
3976:
3971:
3969:Alan Bernstein
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3843:www.casagit.it
3829:
3817:www.unc.edu.ar
3804:
3779:
3754:
3730:
3706:
3682:
3658:
3629:
3605:
3581:
3570:www2.kenes.com
3557:
3533:
3509:
3484:
3460:
3436:
3412:
3401:www.rsc-src.ca
3388:
3364:
3335:
3305:
3268:
3243:
3236:
3218:
3193:
3186:
3164:
3143:(3): 293â296.
3123:
3082:
3049:
3025:
3018:
2998:
2974:
2933:
2909:
2884:
2841:
2786:
2731:
2704:JAMA Neurology
2690:
2665:
2637:
2608:
2584:
2549:
2505:
2469:
2432:(5): 335â336.
2412:
2377:(6): 273â279.
2357:
2320:(8): 780â786.
2300:
2257:(2019-09-22).
2248:
2224:
2197:(9): 1727â32.
2181:
2146:
2111:
2090:(4): 731â737.
2070:
2051:(9): 633â638.
2035:
1992:
1945:
1902:
1859:
1852:
1834:
1807:
1772:
1737:
1731:978-0443067075
1730:
1710:
1674:
1639:
1620:(9): 632â637.
1604:
1555:
1529:
1494:
1459:
1441:
1413:
1370:
1313:
1267:
1239:
1216:
1173:
1162:www.robarts.ca
1149:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
985:
978:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
951:
948:
946:
943:
918:
915:
914:
913:
910:
907:
889:(6): 529â531.
878:
865:
836:
801:
783:(9064): 1561.
768:
742:(2): 129â132.
726:
723:
708:
705:
702:
701:
695:September 2016
667:
665:
658:
652:
649:
648:
647:
640:
634:
625:
622:
615:
614:
613:
612:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
585:
579:
576:
530:
527:
495:best practices
490:
487:
458:catecholamines
441:
438:
436:â techniques.
356:causes (i.e.,
322:brain arteries
317:
314:
312:
309:
183:
180:
72:
71:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4802:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4760:Living people
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:Ronald Worton
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4711:Mark Wainberg
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:Mladen Vranic
4701:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:Endel Tulving
4683:
4681:
4680:Lap-Chee Tsui
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4665:Charles Tator
4663:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4637:Michael Smith
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:David Sackett
4600:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:William Osler
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:Balfour Mount
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:Brenda Milner
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:Pierre Masson
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:Ian McWhinney
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:Peter Macklem
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4381:Heinz Lehmann
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4312:James C. Hogg
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4292:Carol Herbert
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:Antoine Hakim
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:Gordon Guyatt
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:Henry Friesen
4209:
4207:
4206:Clarke Fraser
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:Jean Dussault
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:Tommy Douglas
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:Henri Breault
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:Michael Bliss
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:Albert Aguayo
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3830:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3648:on 2017-05-23
3647:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3606:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3354:on 2017-11-14
3353:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3269:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3237:9788486214647
3233:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3187:9781552096420
3183:
3178:
3177:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3083:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3019:9780191022111
3015:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2999:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2934:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2899:
2895:
2892:Neuropenews.
2888:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2654:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2249:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:(1): 167â76.
2126:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1853:9780198569275
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1823:(2): 357â76.
1822:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1655:(2): 169â75.
1654:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:(2): 179â88.
1385:
1381:
1380:Lancet Neurol
1374:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1206:
1205:www.cnsuwo.ca
1202:
1196:
1194:
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3848:2016-06-13
3823:2016-06-13
3798:2016-06-13
3773:2016-06-13
3767:www.uba.ar
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3527:2016-06-13
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