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666:; had to undergo a symbolic simulated execution (whereby a sword was swung over his head), and was banished for life. The trials were then suspended in the hope that the absent officers would become available. In July 1801 the trial was resumed with new indictments against officers who had surrendered ships on earlier occasions or been otherwise derelict. Several other officers were punished in an attempt to make clear to the officer corps that surrender without a fight was unacceptable.
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generally in the presence of
Admiral Story might not become public and those officers thereby endangered. To you in this letter, I apprehend I do right inform you, that above mentioned captains did declare their attachment to the Stadholder and the former government and their disgust at the present government and their French connections ..."
621:
After this initial success, the Anglo-Russian expedition soon ran into difficulties. The civilian population of North
Holland did not display the fervour for the cause of Orange that the Prince had expected. The Batavian army proved remarkably resilient and managed in cooperation with the French army
603:
Meanwhile, in the absence of the captains, further acts of mutiny had taken place on the other ships. One officer was drowned; others were beaten up. The
Batavian flag was torn up by the mutineers. British officers restored order with some difficulty. After their surrender, the Prince visited several
681:
in 1802, when they were released as POWs. They were convicted of dereliction of duty, cowardice, and disloyalty. The court declared them perjurious (because they had broken their oath of loyalty), without honour and "infamous"; they were cashiered, and banished for life on penalty of execution (by
599:
The council of war therefore unanimously decided to lower the flag of the
Batavian Republic and declare themselves prisoners of war. They refused, however, to hoist the Orange flag. This may seem a minor point, but it signified that the officers did not defect. When Mitchell accepted the surrender,
637:
in 1796), the authorities of the
Batavian Republic decided to convene a court-martial on 8 October, to exact exemplary punishment of the officers responsible for the surrender, and of the mutineers. As these were away in England the trial had to wait until the first returned to the Netherlands on
581:
had already begun a full mutiny, refusing to man the guns, and throwing munitions into the sea. Attempts by Van Braam and by Story himself to reason with the mutineers had been of no avail. When asked during the council of war to describe the situation aboard their ships, all except
Captain Van
573:
as a
British parliamentarian, Van Capellen, De Jong, and Van Braam did their best to influence the council in the direction of accepting the ultimatum. He later asked in a letter to General Dundas that "the opinions and sentiments expressed by the captains Van Capelle, Van Braam and the Jong
557:, but that Story had requested further orders and proposed to await those. Story requested a temporary truce to avoid unnecessary bloodshed. He would later go on to state that this had merely been a ruse to buy him some time—necessary to restore order back to the fleet.
464:(who had re-enlisted in the Batavian navy), with the object of getting them to organize a mutiny in the Helder squadron (where they each commanded a ship of the line). However, it is not clear whether the two officers indeed made a determined organizational effort
560:
Mitchell did not fall for this ruse, probably because the two Dutch negotiators were actually the mutiny's ringleaders. Mitchell issued an ultimatum of one hour for Story to surrender, or
Mitchell's fleet would engage. Faced with this ultimatum, Story convened a
480:
demanding that Story defect to the Prince with his fleet, but Story refused indignantly. He replied further that he would ask for further instructions from the
Batavian government. The British ships then withdrew and the weather again turned bad for a few days.
552:
to parlay with the commander of the
British squadron, Andrew Mitchell. Van Capellen and De Jong were to instruct Mitchell that the Dutch fleet intended to give battle in accordance with explicit orders from the agent for the Navy of the Batavian Republic,
591:
the fleet seemed impossible, because the crews would not allow it. Finally, some calculated that it would be better to surrender without resistance, because in that case the ships would end up in the possession of the Stadtholder, instead of becoming
519:
On 28 August, Admiral Story returned with his squadron to the Vlieter roadstead. He was forced to anchor because of adverse winds that prevented the fleet from mounting a direct attack on Allied forces. Enervated by the sight of the Orange
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427:, which actually was a continuation of the first war, without France, Great Britain, or the Batavian Republic having concluded a peace, Great Britain and Russia decided to launch an invasion of the Batavian Republic in the peninsula of
530:. He later admitted he could have easily suppressed the revolt aboard his ship, but that he decided against it. Instead, he informed his commanding officer, Admiral Story—who himself had to counter an incipient mutiny on the flagship
586:
had similar stories. In these circumstances it seemed impossible to engage in battle. Besides, the officers calculated that putting to sea would do little to halt the invasion, as the disembarkation had already taken place.
600:
he did this in the name of the Prince of Orange. He therefore ordered the flag of the Prince to be hoisted, with which order some of the officers complied. This act was interpreted by many in Holland as an act of treason.
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677:(High Military Court). This court eventually conducted the trials of Story, Van Capellen, Van Braam, and Kolff in absentia, after it had become clear that these officers would not return to the Netherlands after the
604:
of the ships to the encouragement of the mutineers. He had hoped to now take command of the surrendered fleet himself, yet his request was turned down by the British. The crews were disembarked and British
471:
The invasion fleet of about 200 warships and transports left England on 13 August. Inclement weather at first prevented it from approaching the Dutch coast. However, on 22 August, British Vice-Admiral
608:
sailed the ships to England. Only five derelict frigates lying off Den Helder were handed to William. These were manned with Orangist volunteer crews living in the vicinity. They sailed to England under
443:, who conducted a reconnaissance of the Republic in July, estimated that the Helder squadron of the Batavian fleet would fall into British hands without a fight, if the Allies played their cards right.
833:, as eldest son and heir of the Prince of Orange, the Hereditary Stadtholder William V; the office of stadtholder had formally nothing to do with the fact that it was often held by a Prince of Orange
295:
431:
in August 1799. It was hoped that this invasion would cause a popular uprising of the Dutch population against a French-imposed republic. The former Stadtholder and his eldest son the
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The others were more fortunate in this respect. They were fully rehabilitated after the Orangist party was restored to power in 1814. Van Capellen became a vice-admiral in the new
435:
tried to support the expedition by propaganda efforts and intrigues with disaffected officers. The loyalty of the Batavian navy was especially in doubt, as this was a hotbed of
420:, to England, and the proclamation of the Batavian Republic. The Dutch now changed sides in the war, entering into an offensive and defensive alliance with France.
907:
De Jonge, p. 478.; remarkably, lots of Scandinavian crew members and German mercenaries felt little allegiance to the House of Orange; Fehrman, pp. 60ff.
488:, flying the flag of the Prince of Orange. They started to disembark troops on the 27th, without opposition from the Batavian fleet, which had withdrawn into the
452:, pro-Orangist pamphlets, and Dutch émigrés, the most important of whom was the Hereditary Prince. One of the Orangist officers who had left the Navy in 1795,
251:
526:
on the forts and church steeples of Den Helder, several ships' crews began to mutiny. Among the ships whose crew rebelled was Van Braam's ship, the
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parole. Those were arrested. Only Story himself, Van Braam and Van Capellen remained outside the reach of the court. They were eventually tried
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Story moved to Germany. He protested his innocence to the very end, publishing a public defence in the form of a book. He died in
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Captain De Jong was acquitted of the charge of treason, for lack of evidence, but he was convicted of dereliction of duty. He was
708:
The squadron of Admiral Story comprised only part of the Batavian fleet. In Amsterdam lay four 74-gun and two 64-gun ships; at
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On 26 August an Anglo-Russian invasion fleet of eleven ships-of-the-line and seven frigates arrived at the roadstead of
717:
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496:, the commander of the Batavian land forces, ordered the evacuation of the coastal forts of Den Helder after losing the
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was able to approach the roadstead of Den Helder where the squadron of Admiral Story lay at anchor. Mitchell sent over
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on 27 December, to the consternation of the detained officers. Captain Dirk Hendrik Kolff of
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beheading in the case of Story; by death by firing squad in the case of the other three).
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in 1811, before he could ask the new King of the Netherlands for rehabilitation.
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As this was the second surrender of a Batavian fleet in short order (after the
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To accomplish this bloodless capture, the Allied fleet came stocked with the
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was also condemned to death, but he managed to escape before his execution.
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Verantwoording van Samuel Story, wegens zijn gehouden gedrag als commandant
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aboard his flagship with all his captains. According to Lieutenant Colonel
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one 74-gun ship and seven 64-guns, besides several frigates and brigs.
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Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving Great Britain
630:. The Allies therefore evacuated North Holland at the end of October.
456:, had on behalf of the Prince contacted two of his former colleagues,
534:—of the "precarious situation" aboard the other ships of the fleet.
377:, surrendered to the British navy. The incident occurred during the
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Trial and escape of one of the "mutineers," Lt. Commander D.H Kolff
515:, a contemporary cartoon of Admiral Story weeping over the incident
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in November. One of these frigates foundered with loss of life.
1035:
View of the History, Politics, and Literature for the Year 1799
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was condemned to death, and executed on board the guard ship
1052:
In woelig vaarwater: marineofficieren in de jaren 1779–1802
943:, Dutch National Archives, inventory No. 95; 101 Sententiën
29:
Dutch surrender during the War of the Second Coalition
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842:The squadron comprised at least two Russian ships:
622:of occupation to deal the Allies defeats at the
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569:, who was present at the discussions on board
1133:Naval battles involving the Batavian Republic
979:The Naval History of Great Britain: 1797–1799
577:Before this council started, the crew of the
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8:
764:, a ship of the line captained by Van Senden
1018:Geschiedenis van het Nederlandsche zeewezen
772:, a ship of the line captained by Eilbracht
750:, a ship of the line captained by Van Braam
381:. It occurred in the tidal trench between
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289:
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744:, a ship of the line captained by Waldeck
732:, a ship of the line captained by De Jong
409:was invaded in 1794 by the armies of the
258:
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756:, a ship of the line captained by Kolff
738:, a ship of the line captained by Huijs
673:was replaced by a permanent court, the
1037:. London: T. Burton. pp. 86–90.
439:sentiment. The British Major General
369:on 30 August 1799, a squadron of the
7:
941:Hoge Militaire Rechtspraak 1795–1813
829:. The title used by the future king
647:One captain, N. Connio, of the brig
385:and the mainland that was known as
1073:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: J. Allart.
850:(68); De Jonge, p. 468, fn. 1
696:, and commanded a squadron at the
25:
1054:(in Dutch). De Bataafsche Leeuw.
1000:(in Dutch). The Hague: Kruseman.
784:, a frigate captained by Schutter
379:Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland
314:Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland
44:Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland
790:, a frigate captained by Riverij
778:, a frigate captained by De Bock
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1020:(in Dutch). Haarlem: Kruseman.
458:Theodorus Frederik van Capellen
1:
880:Roodhuyzen, pp. 165–166.
413:, which led to the flight of
237:8 ships of the line captured
998:Onze Vloot in de Franse Tijd
981:. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole.
831:William I of the Netherlands
635:capitulation of Saldanha Bay
537:Story subsequently sent his
498:Battle of Callantsoog (1799)
373:, commanded by Rear-Admiral
889:De Jonge, pp. 474–476.
871:De Jonge, pp. 470–472.
796:, a brig captained by Droop
425:War of the Second Coalition
418:William V, Prince of Orange
271:Location within Netherlands
49:War of the Second Coalition
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548:captain, De Jong, under a
726:captained by Van Capellen
675:Hoge Militaire Vierschaar
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1118:History of North Holland
930:Roodhuyzen, p. 167.
916:Roodhuyzen, p. 169.
862:Roodhuyzen, p. 166.
816:Roodhuyzen, p. 164.
78:30 August 1799
1050:Roodhuyzen, T. (1998).
996:Fehrman, C. N. (1969).
977:Lambert, A. D. (2002).
704:Dutch ships surrendered
596:for the Allied forces.
454:Carel Hendrik Ver Huell
898:De Jonge, p. 477.
698:Bombardment of Algiers
694:Royal Netherlands Navy
516:
494:Herman Willem Daendels
401:During the War of the
181:Commanders and leaders
511:
423:In the course of the
229:Casualties and losses
1033:Otridge, W. (1801).
541:, Van Capellen, and
504:Mutiny and surrender
268:class=notpageimage|
239:3 frigates captured
220:8 ships of the line
964:James, p. 306.
628:Battle of Castricum
114: /
1069:Story, S. (1805).
671:Hoge Zeekrijgsraad
567:Frederick Maitland
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462:Aegidius van Braam
137:Batavian surrender
118:52.9000°N 4.9700°E
1113:Conflicts in 1799
736:Admiral De Ruyter
669:In June 1802 the
433:Hereditary Prince
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146:Belligerents
64:Samuel Story
42:Part of the
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641:in absentia
606:prize crews
449:Prinsenvlag
415:Stadtholder
327:Callantsoog
222:3 frigates
121: /
47:during the
1102:Categories
844:Mitchiloff
802:References
782:Amphitrite
769:Beschermer
742:Gelderland
719:Washington
594:war prizes
582:Senden of
579:Washington
571:Washington
532:Washington
492:. General
490:Zuider Zee
441:George Don
397:Background
387:De Vlieter
337:Krabbendam
106:52°54′00″N
82:1799-08-30
1079:825878860
1043:931192863
1026:830829213
1006:978224491
939:Archives
846:(64) and
788:Ambuscade
700:in 1816.
664:cashiered
653:Rozenburg
617:Aftermath
589:Scuttling
391:Wieringen
352:Castricum
109:4°58′12″E
96:Wieringen
1016:(1862).
848:Ratzivan
827:Erfprins
794:Galathes
761:Batavier
730:Cerberus
611:jury rig
584:Batavier
543:Cerberus
437:Orangist
217:17 ships
212:Strength
90:Location
952:Story,
825:Dutch:
754:Utrecht
657:Utrecht
389:, near
365:In the
347:Alkmaar
332:Vlieter
224:1 sloop
80: (
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954:passim
748:Leyden
687:Cleves
528:Leyden
466:before
405:, the
342:Bergen
172:
158:
134:Result
546:'
486:Texel
383:Texel
94:near
1075:OCLC
1056:ISBN
1039:OCLC
1022:OCLC
1002:OCLC
983:ISBN
776:Mars
722:, a
649:Gier
626:and
460:and
234:None
75:Date
1104::
921:^
855:^
809:^
644:.
500:.
393:.
1081:.
1064:.
1045:.
1028:.
1008:.
991:.
304:e
297:t
290:v
84:)
20:)
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