692:, the linguistic alignment of Voeren was determined (as for all other towns along the language border in Belgium) on the basis of the results of the census of 1930. According to this census, 81.2% of the population of the six villages that now make up Voeren spoke Dutch, and 18.8% declared that they spoke French. Administrative changes were made as a result. The results of the next census, held in 1947, were only made public in 1954 and gave a totally different outcome, with only 42.9% stating that they spoke Dutch and 57.1% French. According to the 1932 legislation, this would have meant that the linguistic status of the villages would have changed from Dutch speaking with a French minority to French speaking with a Dutch-speaking minority. At that time, however, due to the rising political controversy between the Dutch- and French-speaking communities in Belgium, a parliamentary committee (the so-called
700:) was established to fix, amongst other things, the language boundary once and for all. This committee proposed, notwithstanding the 1947 results (strongly disputed by the Flemish and recognised by the Belgian parliament as useless for determining the language border since the consultation was found to be rigged by nationalist francophones which is why the 1947 results were published in 1954), that the six villages were Dutch speaking with special regulations for the French-speaking minority to be decided after discussion with the town councils.
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877:), the social affairs department of the municipality, for which nationals of other EU countries may not vote. Though the violence of the 1970s and 1980s has subsided, some activists still daub graffiti on place-name signs. In December 2006, the Flemish Government decided to abolish all official French translations in Flemish municipalities and villages, including
361:
118:
808:
On 1 January 1977, the six small municipalities were merged into the present-day Voeren municipality. The
Francophone and Flemish movements could organize themselves politically more effectively as there was now one, instead of six, municipal council. This resulted in political and linguistic strife
864:
won a majority of 53% of the votes and 8 out of 15 local council seats. However, the new majority faced budgetary difficulties, since large debts had been incurred by the previous administration. The council had to sell several items of municipal property, such as forests and goods to stabilise its
825:
The linguistic struggle came to a head when José Happart was put forward as mayor in 1983. For one thing, he was alleged to have supported the
Francophone gangs in Voeren. However, the main problem was the constitutional question of whether someone who could not speak Dutch could become mayor of a
821:
faction won a majority in the new council. There were also action committees on both sides and gangs who daubed place-name signs and took part in violent demonstrations. The language struggle in Voeren became a national issue, and people from outside the region became involved.
841:
In 1988, concessions to the
Francophone inhabitants were made. The powers of the provincial government of Limburg were curtailed, and more autonomy was given to the municipality. The government of the Walloon Region was allowed to build facilities for Francophones in Voeren.
680:
Until the beginning of the 20th century, language use in the area was mixed. People spoke the local dialect in daily life. The government institutions used French, while church and school used German or Dutch. However, some influential inhabitants, such as the local priest,
826:
Flemish municipality. Happart was dismissed as mayor for refusing to take a Dutch-language test, but appealed against his dismissal, and the question dragged on for years, ultimately causing the
Belgian government Martens VI to fall on 19 October 1987.
722:
After fierce debate in parliament, the proposal of minister Gilson was approved but subject to the amendment that Voeren would become part of the Dutch-speaking province of
Limburg and Mouscron and Comines-Warneton become part of the French-speaking
761:, one must take into account the fact that almost everyone at the time considered that a Dutch dialect was spoken in the Voer Region and that, consequently, their inhabitants would willingly accept this change. The 75,000 inhabitants of the towns
859:
nationals were given suffrage at the municipal level in 1999. This factor was decisive in the 2000 municipal elections, because of the significant number of Dutch citizens living in Voeren (about 20% of the total population):
772:
This switch from Liège to
Limburg was received badly by many local people because of the region's dependence on Liège. Francophones in particular campaigned for the region to be returned to the province of Liège. Similarly in
889:
Precise figures on the ethnic composition of
Belgium are impossible to obtain, for the language question is so controversial that the Belgian census has not included data on linguistic composition of communes since 1947.
462:
The current municipality of Voeren was established by the municipal reform of 1977. On 1 January 2008, Voeren had a total population of 4,207. Its total area is 50.63 km (19.55 sq mi), giving a
1458:"Communautaire - Il y a quarante ans, la Belgique se réveillait divisée en deux par un " mur de betteraves " L'unique frontière sans douane La victoire du droit du sol La légende de la trahison socialiste"
1381:"Communautaire - Il y a quarante ans, la Belgique se réveillait divisée en deux par un " mur de betteraves " L'unique frontière sans douane La victoire du droit du sol La légende de la trahison socialiste"
383:
1253:
881:. Thus the French names of the Voeren municipality and villages will no longer be used on place-name signs, traffic signs and by municipality and other governments in official documents.
703:
In 1962 the work of the committee resulted in a law proposed by the French-speaking
Minister of the Interior, Arthur Gilson, whereby Voeren would be officially Dutch speaking with
865:
finances. As from 2003 to 2004 the council is viable again, and new projects are being started to fulfill the promises made during the elections. In the 2006 municipal elections
849:) won a seat more than in earlier elections but was still a minority on the council. In 1995, Mayor Happart was forced to leave office. The national court of arbitration (now
1773:
1434:"Facilités: Gilson aux côtés des maïeurs rebelles En 1962-63, les Flamands ne parlaient pas de facilités temporaires Les Fourons, c'était pas moi! André Cools l'a reconnu..."
216:
204:
364:
Culture centre
Veltmanshuis at Sint Martens Voeren. Hendrik Veltmans was a local priest and an inspiring Flamingant (advocate of the Dutch-speaking ("Flemish") cause)
1604:
2140:
1150:
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Voeren is economically dependent on the surrounding provinces of Liège and Dutch
Limburg and standard Dutch and French are also generally spoken.
412:
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707:
for the French-speaking community, but would remain part of the French-speaking Liège Province. The proposal included a similar system for
531:). 's-Gravenvoeren is the most important and most populous village of the municipality. Locally, the three villages are named Sint-Marten (
467:
of 83 inhabitants per square kilometre (210/sq mi). About 25% of the population is made up of foreign nationals, most of whom have
1759:
1597:
769:
brought one extra deputy's seat while the 4,000 inhabitants of the villages of the Voer Region were far from being worth as much.
874:
689:
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1235:, A Klankatlas 2013 commission by sound artists Jonathon Kirk and Thomas Smetryns of a soundscape composition of the Voeren.
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but they developed a relatively independent regime ruled by powerful dynasties. They successively became part of the
2010:
781:, the city councils and a large majority of the population wanted to remain part of the Dutch-speaking province of
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1925:
1806:
1782:
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Since the 11th century, two-thirds of the territory of the present municipality of Voeren was in the county of
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because they identified as Frenchified Flemings, having shared a history with the other regions of the former
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for the Dutch-speaking community, but would remain part of the Dutch-speaking province of West-Flanders.
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and offered to transfer the Voer region to the Dutch-speaking province of Limburg as compensation.
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853:) declared some of the 1988 concessions unconstitutional (e.g. the Walloon building rights).
1933:
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until 1963 when the Voer Region was detached from Liège, and became part of the province of
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447:) to the south, it is geographically detached from the rest of Flanders, making Voeren an
397:
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1174:
2018:
1946:
1869:
1794:
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869:
won again, gaining 61% of the votes and 9 out of 15 council seats. For the first time,
856:
643:
451:
of Flanders. Voeren's name is derived from that of a small right-bank tributary of the
440:
405:
376:
221:
734:, Paul Gruselin, who wanted to transfer the Flemish towns with a Francophone majority
730:
This amendment was introduced by the Walloon socialist politician and former mayor of
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1994:
1959:
1939:
1884:
1696:
1640:
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or at the very least become a new francophone province together with the city of
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Parliamentary Documents, Belgian Chamber of Representatives 1961–1962, Nr. 194/7
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Parliamentary Documents, Belgian Chamber of Representatives 1961–1962, Nr. 194/7
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Parliamentary Documents, Belgian Chamber of Representatives 1961–1962, Nr. 194/7
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Parliamentary Documents, Belgian Chamber of Representatives 1961–1962, Nr. 194/7
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Parliamentary Documents, Belgian Chamber of Representatives 1961–1962, Nr. 194/7
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Parliamentary Documents, Belgian Chamber of Representatives 1961–1962, Nr. 194/7
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1357:"Belgian Chamber of Representatives • Session of 1 July 1987 - plenum.be"
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has been painted over, leaving the French name Fourons-le-Comte intact
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The municipality consists of the six villages of 's-Gravenvoeren (
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Results of the linguistic censuses of 1930 and 1947 per village
873:
also won the majority of the seats in the council of the OCMW (
1539:"Kamer van Volksvertegewoordigers | Chambre des Représentants"
1511:"Kamer van Volksvertegewoordigers | Chambre des Représentants"
1483:"Kamer van Volksvertegewoordigers | Chambre des Représentants"
1406:"Kamer van Volksvertegewoordigers | Chambre des Représentants"
1329:"Kamer van Volksvertegewoordigers | Chambre des Représentants"
1301:"Kamer van Volksvertegewoordigers | Chambre des Représentants"
845:
In the 1994 municipal elections, the Dutch-speaking party (
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was created. After the defeat of France and the end of
1254:"Wettelijke Bevolking per gemeente op 1 januari 2018"
2009:
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638:Most native people in Voeren speak a variant of
715:which would be officially French-speaking with
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8:
749:In order to understand this proposal of the
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19:Municipality in Flemish Community, Belgium
16:Municipality in Limburg Province, Belgium
1230:, a similarly detached part of Wallonia.
892:
813:(Return to Liège) party and the Flemish
602:(1794–1815), the old boundaries of the "
459:, which flows through the municipality.
2115:municipalities with language facilities
1548:(in French and Dutch): 23. Dec 21, 1961
1492:(in French and Dutch): 12. Dec 21, 1961
1415:(in French and Dutch): 25. Dec 21, 1961
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1520:(in French and Dutch): 5. Dec 21, 1961
1338:(in French and Dutch): 6. Dec 21, 1961
1310:(in French and Dutch): 5. Dec 21, 1961
688:In 1932, with the introduction of new
1156:Altembrouck castle at 's Gravenvoeren
817:(Voeren's Best Interests) party. The
571:, and the remaining one-third in the
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289:50.61 km (19.54 sq mi)
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273: • Governing party/ies
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7:
1620:
833:Bilingual road sign. The Dutch name
2141:Municipalities of Limburg (Belgium)
674:as a regional language since 1990.
656:neighbouring Walloon municipalities
618:, this became the modern Belgium's
14:
642:, a regional language related to
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670:and has been recognised by the
634:Linguistic and political issues
1276:"Langues régionales endogènes"
797:and felt culturally closer to
654:dialect is also spoken in the
117:
1:
1711:
1659:
1280:www.languesregionales.cfwb.be
133:Location of Voeren in Limburg
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851:Belgian Constitutional Court
321:3790, 3791, 3792, 3793, 3798
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672:French Community of Belgium
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1216:Sint-Pieters-Voeren castle
1204:Sint-Pieters-Voeren church
515:), Teuven and Remersdaal (
2097:
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1618:
1613:Places adjacent to Voeren
914:
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897:
895:
150:
104:
95:
67:
55:
46:
809:between the Francophone
606:" were rejected and the
495:), Sint-Martens-Voeren (
487:), Sint-Pieters-Voeren (
417:French-speaking minority
1282:(in French). 2011-11-09
555:) for 's-Gravenvoeren.
838:
581:Burgundian Netherlands
552:
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310:82/km (210/sq mi)
30:
2146:Enclaves and exclaves
832:
431:to the north and the
363:
1965:Houthalen-Helchteren
1007:Sint-Pieters-Voeren
978:Sint-Martens-Voeren
608:French "département"
593:Southern Netherlands
585:Habsburg Netherlands
373:Dutch pronunciation:
307: • Density
130:Location in Belgium
717:language facilities
705:language facilities
501:Fouron-Saint-Martin
493:Fouron-Saint-Pierre
377:[ˈvuːrə(n)]
166: /
62:Sint-Martens-Voeren
839:
795:County of Flanders
465:population density
366:
299: • Total
286: • Total
257: • Mayor
98:Location of Voeren
2123:
2122:
1749:
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1627:Eijsden-Margraten
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1570:Official website
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915:French speaking
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767:Comines-Warneton
736:Comines-Warneton
725:Hainaut province
713:Comines-Warneton
683:Hendrik Veltmans
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423:province of
409:municipality
368:
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316:Postal codes
276:Voerbelangen
262:Voerbelangen
87:Coat of arms
49:Municipality
1897:Tessenderlo
1464:(in French)
1439:(in French)
1387:(in French)
1065:Remersdaal
664:Welkenraedt
650:. The same
598:During the
429:Netherlands
173: /
2130:Categories
2113:indicates
2104:indicates
1989:Oudsbergen
1827:Diepenbeek
1697:Plombières
1552:2023-04-04
1524:2023-04-04
1496:2023-04-04
1468:2020-08-08
1443:2020-08-08
1419:2023-04-04
1391:2020-08-01
1366:2020-08-01
1342:2023-04-04
1314:2023-04-04
1286:2020-08-08
1240:References
1168:Remersdaal
920:Moelingen
791:Tournaisis
640:Limburgish
521:Rémersdael
413:facilities
340:Area codes
294:Population
252:Government
2055:Kortessem
2044:Herstappe
1907:Zutendaal
1256:. Statbel
1192:Moelingen
626:, within
505:Moelingen
435:region's
205:Community
2076:Tongeren
2032:Borgloon
2011:Tongeren
1902:Zonhoven
1839:Gingelom
1821:Beringen
1795:Flanders
1787:province
1222:See also
779:Mouscron
763:Mouscron
759:Mouscron
740:Mouscron
709:Mouscron
660:Blieberg
652:Germanic
628:Flanders
475:Villages
433:Wallonia
415:for the
328:NIS code
246:Tongeren
229:Province
2060:Lanaken
2050:Hoeselt
1983:Maaseik
1970:Kinrooi
1934:Bocholt
1926:Maaseik
1857:Hasselt
1807:Hasselt
1799:Belgium
1791:Limburg
1785:in the
1462:Le Soir
1437:Le Soir
1385:Le Soir
1260:9 March
1143:Gallery
1036:Teuven
787:Tournai
751:Walloon
744:Hainaut
624:Limburg
559:History
529:Rèbiévå
525:Walloon
513:Mouland
449:exclave
425:Limburg
421:Belgian
403:Flemish
401:) is a
394:Fourons
349:Website
234:Limburg
198:Belgium
186:Country
161:05°47′E
158:50°45′N
31:Fourons
2136:Voeren
2111:Italic
2106:cities
2089:Wellen
2083:Voeren
2070:Riemst
2025:Bilzen
1976:Lommel
1880:Lummen
1724:Dalhem
1686:Voeren
1578:French
1180:Teuven
1089:76.2%
1083:23.8%
1077:24.4%
1071:75.6%
1060:53.4%
1054:46.6%
1042:90.9%
1031:50.2%
1025:49.8%
1019:13.2%
1013:86.8%
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967:43.7%
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932:27.2%
926:72.8%
789:, the
668:Baelen
648:German
612:Ourthe
583:, the
565:Dalhem
553:Fouron
549:French
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533:French
517:French
509:French
497:French
489:French
481:French
455:, the
390:French
369:Voeren
217:Region
195:
124:Voeren
38:French
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2038:Heers
2019:Alken
1845:Halen
1732:Aubel
1574:Dutch
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1514:(PDF)
1486:(PDF)
1409:(PDF)
1332:(PDF)
1304:(PDF)
1135:57.1%
1130:2,289
1125:42.9%
1120:1,721
1115:18.8%
1105:81.2%
1100:3,299
1095:Total
1048:9.1%
990:9.9%
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898:1930
755:Liège
732:Liège
644:Dutch
469:Dutch
453:Meuse
441:Dutch
411:with
333:73109
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2102:Bold
2001:Pelt
1995:Peer
1940:Bree
1833:Genk
1670:Visé
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1262:2019
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