38:
53:
677:
80:
898:"top-of-the-ballot" office, such as president. When the election jurisdiction does not report voter turnout, roll-off can be used as a proxy for residual votes. Some voters may only be interested in voting for the major offices, and not bother filling in the lower positions, resulting in a partially valid ballot.
859:
In many jurisdictions, if multiple elections or referendums are held simultaneously, then there may be separate physical ballots for each, which may be printed on different-colored paper and posted into separate ballot boxes. In the United States, a single physical ballot is often used to record
855:
is one that has been handled by an elector in such a manner that it is ruined beyond use, or that the deputy returning officer finds soiled or improperly printed. The spoilt ballot is not placed in the ballot box, but rather is marked as spoilt by the deputy returning officer and set aside. The
897:
The validity of an election may be questioned if there is an unusually high proportion of spoilt votes. In multiple-vote U.S. ballots, "voter roll-off" is calculated by subtracting the number of votes cast for a "down-ballot" office, such as mayor, from the number of votes cast for a
928:
by the
National People's Congress in Beijing. Despite the Government have criminalised inciting voters to cast invalid ballots or not vote, as well as attempts to boost voter turnout, the election recorded a record number of invalid ballots as well as historically low voter turnout.
856:
elector is given another ballot. A 'rejected ballot' is one which cannot be counted due to improper marking by the voter. Examples of this are ballots which have more than one mark, the intent of the voter cannot be ascertained, or the voter can be identified by their mark.
832:
As an example, UK law specifically precludes ballots "on which votes are given for more candidates than the voter is entitled to vote for", "on which anything is written or marked by which the voter can be identified" or "which unmarked or void for uncertainty".
941:
can aid or inhibit clarity in an election, resulting in less or more accidental spoiling. Some election officials have discretion to allow ballots where the criteria for acceptability are not strictly met but the voter's intention is clear. More complicated
37:
860:
multiple separate votes. In such cases one can distinguish an "invalid ballot", where all votes on the ballot are rendered invalid, from a "partially valid" ballot, with some votes are valid and others invalid.
971:
890:
jurisdictions, to show disapproval of the candidates standing whilst still taking part in the electoral process. Intentionally spoiling someone else's ballot before or during tabulation is an
974:
elections) some voters have marked, say, 1-2-3 on one ballot paper and 4-5-6 on the other; some returning officers consequently allowed 4-5-6 ballots to be counted, until a
1258:
1013:
1708:
1152:
989:
reported undervoting rate of 0.1% in US Senate elections and 1.6% in US House elections; overvotes were much rarer. Some paper-based voting systems and most
1476:
397:
1604:
1456:
362:
1703:
1481:
392:
231:
52:
1466:
1251:
806:
out of sequence, e.g. 1-2-2-3-4 or 1-2-4-5-6, 1-4-2-4-5. In most cases, only the first two choices in these examples would be counted as valid.
334:
1830:
963:
824:
Making marks on the ballot other than those necessary to complete it, from which the voter's identity can be ascertained, compromising the
1513:
955:
921:
537:
1244:
1848:
1131:
1698:
1644:
925:
914:
705:
42:
1496:
762:. This may occur accidentally or deliberately. The total number of spoilt votes in a United States election has been called the
1825:
766:. In Australia, such votes are generally referred to as informal votes, and in Canada they are referred to as rejected votes.
1883:
1624:
982:
842:
382:
841:
If a voter makes a mistake while completing a ballot, it may be possible to cancel it and start the voting process again.
1667:
1652:
1471:
986:
659:
319:
1718:
1441:
1431:
1292:
1060:"REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE, ENGLAND AND WALES The Local Elections (Principal Areas) (England and Wales) Rules 2006"
902:
845:, cancelled physical ballots may be called "spoiled ballots", as distinct from an "invalid vote" which has been cast.
310:
1683:
1374:
1209:
967:
339:
276:
1733:
1688:
1634:
1546:
532:
291:
1878:
1723:
1609:
1567:
1486:
1411:
1347:
1305:
951:
367:
1342:
924:, pro-democratic supporters urged voters to cast spoilt ballots or not vote in the election in protest of the
1748:
1738:
1713:
1529:
1406:
975:
353:
999:
requires that voters are informed when they have overvoted, unless a paper-ballot voting system is in use.
1873:
1789:
1728:
1591:
1534:
547:
448:
329:
1227:
1059:
1693:
1614:
1379:
1044:
Residual Votes
Attributable to Technology: An Assessment of the Reliability of Existing Voting Equipment
995:
825:
803:
402:
387:
286:
1763:
1332:
1047:
959:
759:
698:
1743:
1337:
947:
848:
443:
1114:
1784:
1394:
990:
877:
810:
788:
Filling out the ballot in a manner that is incompatible with the voting system being used, e.g.:
654:
613:
203:
188:
142:
137:
110:
1352:
1753:
1662:
1619:
1539:
1461:
1384:
1369:
1327:
905:, it was briefly illegal to advise voters to fill out their ballots using duplicated numbers.
887:
873:
623:
603:
542:
491:
372:
324:
258:
183:
173:
152:
147:
64:
30:
For the phenomenon of like-minded voters splitting their votes among multiple candidates, see
1868:
1794:
1426:
1282:
1267:
943:
557:
486:
438:
281:
267:
1842:
1758:
1599:
1577:
1389:
1310:
1300:
1278:
891:
691:
681:
608:
591:
527:
453:
407:
105:
1657:
1362:
1322:
1153:"Activists in Hong Kong plan not to vote or to cast blank ballots in upcoming election"
1023:
1008:
552:
496:
301:
296:
241:
236:
31:
937:
Voter instructions are usually intended to minimize the accidental spoiling of votes.
676:
1862:
1401:
938:
906:
813:
when such an option is not permitted. The vote for this candidate would be discarded.
649:
567:
562:
222:
198:
193:
115:
1416:
1357:
883:
869:
644:
628:
576:
467:
458:
433:
213:
178:
1176:
1562:
1501:
1421:
1317:
1181:
950:
were introduced in
Australia owing to the high number of informal votes cast in
618:
481:
208:
1572:
1508:
910:
782:
476:
344:
168:
128:
1809:
1804:
796:
124:
56:
Spoilt ballot paper from the 2021 UK Police and Crime
Commissioner Elections
1186:
1076:
1020:, which cannot be transferred owing to too few preferences being expressed
1629:
792:
755:
377:
17:
1491:
818:
Filling the ballot in a manner that makes the voter's decision unclear.
79:
1779:
1090:
758:
authority determines that it is invalid and thus not included in the
723:
719:
96:
71:
1236:
1048:
http://www.hss.caltech.edu/~voting/Caltech_MIT_Report_Version2.pdf
821:
Physically deforming ballots, especially those counted by machine.
785:), or otherwise defacing the ballot instead of attempting to vote.
51:
1240:
769:
In some jurisdictions spoilt votes are counted and reported.
1115:
Determining the
Validity of Optical Scan Ballot Markings
882:
A voter may deliberately spoil a vote, for example as a
901:
While it is not illegal to advocate informal voting in
777:
A ballot may be spoilt in a number of ways, including:
954:(STV) elections, but have since been abolished in all
993:
can notify voters of under-votes and over-votes. The
913:
not to advocate incomplete preference voting for the
1818:
1772:
1676:
1643:
1590:
1555:
1522:
1449:
1440:
1291:
1177:"Supreme Court orders recount of votes in Listowel"
1130:Australian Electoral Commission (30 August 1996).
1211:2006 Election Administration and Voting Survey
1252:
1117:, Michigan Bureau of Elections, May 27, 2004.
1014:Ballot design in the Single Transferable Vote
699:
8:
1709:Independence of Smith-dominated alternatives
408:Parallel voting (Mixed member majoritarian)
1446:
1259:
1245:
1237:
1132:"ADVOCACY OF OPTIONAL PREFERENTIAL VOTING"
706:
692:
597:
521:
427:
373:Mixed single vote (positive vote transfer)
311:Proportional and semi-proportional systems
263:
92:
59:
1125:
1123:
36:
1704:Independence of irrelevant alternatives
1482:Sequential proportional approval voting
1042:Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project,
1035:
636:
575:
466:
352:
309:
266:
221:
160:
123:
95:
70:
978:case in 2015 ruled they were invalid.
27:Ballot that is invalid and not counted
791:Marking more choices than permitted (
45:reading "Бойкот Выборам" which means
7:
922:2021 Hong Kong legislative elections
1514:Indirect single transferable voting
781:Failing to mark the ballot at all (
268:Plurality and majoritarian systems
25:
1077:Kentucky Revised Statutes 117.385
378:Scorporo (negative vote transfer)
915:1996 Australian federal election
675:
78:
43:2016 Kazakh legislative election
1625:Mixed ballot transferable vote
1091:"Elections Canada - Home Page"
983:Election Assistance Commission
383:Mixed ballot transferable vote
1:
946:may be more prone to errors.
41:Spoilt ballot paper from the
1826:Comparison of voting systems
1668:Satisfaction approval voting
1653:Single non-transferable vote
1472:Proportional approval voting
909:was jailed for violating an
903:Australian federal elections
795:), or fewer than necessary (
660:End-to-end verifiable voting
320:Single non-transferable vote
1432:Graduated majority judgment
926:rewriting of election rules
518:Voting patterns and effects
1900:
1684:Condorcet winner criterion
1375:First-past-the-post voting
1046:, version 2, 3 Mar. 2001,
867:
340:Single transferable voting
277:First-past-the-post voting
29:
1839:
1831:Voting systems by country
1734:Mutual majority criterion
1689:Condorcet loser criterion
1635:Vote linkage mixed system
1547:Largest remainders method
1274:
1079:, effective July 15, 1982
966:are simultaneous (as for
533:Voting advice application
363:Mixed-member proportional
292:Plurality-at-large voting
1724:Majority loser criterion
1610:Additional member system
1568:Hagenbach-Bischoff quota
1487:Single transferable vote
1412:Positional voting system
1348:Minimax Condorcet method
1306:Combined approval voting
952:single transferable vote
754:if a law declares or an
398:Rural–urban proportional
393:Dual-member proportional
368:Additional member system
1749:Resolvability criterion
1739:Participation criterion
1714:Later-no-harm criterion
1530:Highest averages method
1230:Section 301(a)1(A)(iii)
1790:First-preference votes
1729:Monotonicity criterion
1699:Independence of clones
1402:Simple majoritarianism
987:2006 midterm elections
956:states and territories
933:Unintentional spoiling
548:Passive electioneering
449:Straight-ticket voting
57:
49:
47:Boycott the elections.
1884:Elections terminology
1694:Consistency criterion
1615:Alternative vote plus
1380:Instant-runoff voting
1228:Help America Vote Act
996:Help America Vote Act
826:secrecy of the ballot
403:Majority bonus system
388:Alternative Vote Plus
287:Instant-runoff voting
55:
40:
1764:Seats-to-votes ratio
1535:Webster/Sainte-Laguë
948:Group voting tickets
864:Intentional spoiling
843:In the United States
773:Types of spoilt vote
354:Mixed-member systems
1744:Plurality criterion
1343:Kemeny–Young method
1089:Canada, Elections.
991:DRE voting machines
964:Irish STV elections
837:Replacement ballots
682:Politics portal
444:Split-ticket voting
1785:Election threshold
1719:Majority criterion
1395:Supplementary vote
1189:. 17 December 2015
1113:See, for example,
1075:See, for example,
981:The United States
878:Write-in candidate
811:write-in candidate
655:Voter registration
614:Voter intimidation
138:Write-in candidate
111:Provisional ballot
58:
50:
1856:
1855:
1754:Reversal symmetry
1663:Cumulative voting
1645:Semi-proportional
1620:Mixed single vote
1586:
1585:
1462:Mixed single vote
1370:Exhaustive ballot
1333:Copeland's method
1328:Condorcet methods
1268:Electoral systems
1217:. pp. 52–55.
985:'s survey of the
944:electoral systems
888:compulsory voting
874:None of the above
804:preference ballot
716:
715:
667:
666:
624:Voter suppression
604:Ballot harvesting
582:
581:
543:Paradox of voting
509:
508:
492:None of the above
424:Voting strategies
415:
414:
325:Cumulative voting
259:Electoral systems
249:
248:
184:Electronic voting
174:Compulsory voting
16:(Redirected from
1891:
1795:Liquid democracy
1447:
1427:Two-round system
1338:Dodgson's method
1261:
1254:
1247:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1127:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1095:Elections Canada
1086:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1040:
962:. When multiple
886:, especially in
708:
701:
694:
680:
679:
598:
558:Political apathy
522:
487:Election boycott
428:
282:Two-round system
264:
93:
82:
60:
21:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1879:Protest tactics
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1835:
1814:
1768:
1759:Smith criterion
1672:
1639:
1600:Parallel voting
1582:
1578:Imperiali quota
1551:
1518:
1436:
1390:Contingent vote
1353:Nanson's method
1311:Unified primary
1301:Approval voting
1287:
1270:
1265:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1018:exhausted votes
1005:
935:
892:electoral fraud
880:
866:
839:
775:
712:
674:
669:
668:
609:Ballot stuffing
595:
592:Electoral fraud
584:
583:
528:Coattail effect
519:
511:
510:
454:Tactical voting
425:
417:
416:
330:Binomial system
261:
251:
250:
129:Ballot measures
106:Absentee ballot
90:
65:Politics series
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1658:Limited voting
1655:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1385:Coombs' method
1377:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1363:Schulze method
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1323:Bucklin voting
1320:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1220:
1208:"Appendix B".
1200:
1168:
1144:
1119:
1106:
1081:
1068:
1051:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1024:Refused ballot
1021:
1011:
1009:Election fraud
1004:
1001:
934:
931:
865:
862:
853:spoiled ballot
838:
835:
830:
829:
822:
819:
816:
815:
814:
807:
800:
786:
774:
771:
726:is considered
714:
713:
711:
710:
703:
696:
688:
685:
684:
671:
670:
665:
664:
663:
662:
657:
652:
647:
639:
638:
634:
633:
632:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
596:
594:and prevention
590:
589:
586:
585:
580:
579:
573:
572:
571:
570:
565:
560:
555:
553:Vote splitting
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
507:
506:
505:
504:
499:
497:Refused ballot
494:
489:
484:
479:
471:
470:
464:
463:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
426:
423:
422:
419:
418:
413:
412:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
357:
356:
350:
349:
348:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
314:
313:
307:
306:
305:
304:
302:Usual judgment
299:
297:General ticket
294:
289:
284:
279:
271:
270:
262:
257:
256:
253:
252:
247:
246:
245:
244:
242:Voting machine
239:
234:
226:
225:
219:
218:
217:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
163:
162:
158:
157:
156:
155:
150:
145:
140:
132:
131:
121:
120:
119:
118:
113:
108:
100:
99:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
75:
74:
68:
67:
32:Spoiler effect
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1896:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:Voting theory
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1293:Single-winner
1290:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1133:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
976:Supreme Court
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
939:Ballot design
932:
930:
927:
923:
918:
916:
912:
908:
907:Albert Langer
904:
899:
895:
893:
889:
885:
879:
875:
871:
863:
861:
857:
854:
850:
846:
844:
836:
834:
827:
823:
820:
817:
812:
808:
805:
801:
798:
794:
790:
789:
787:
784:
780:
779:
778:
772:
770:
767:
765:
764:residual vote
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
709:
704:
702:
697:
695:
690:
689:
687:
686:
683:
678:
673:
672:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
650:Secret ballot
648:
646:
643:
642:
641:
640:
635:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
600:
599:
593:
588:
587:
578:
577:Protest votes
574:
569:
568:Voter turnout
566:
564:
563:Voter fatigue
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
523:
515:
514:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
472:
469:
468:Protest votes
465:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
439:Fusion voting
437:
435:
432:
431:
430:
429:
421:
420:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
359:
358:
355:
351:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
316:
315:
312:
308:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
273:
272:
269:
265:
260:
255:
254:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
228:
227:
224:
220:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
199:Postal voting
197:
195:
194:Polling place
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
165:
164:
159:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:
130:
126:
122:
117:
116:Sample ballot
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
102:
101:
98:
94:
86:
85:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
61:
54:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
1847:
1841:
1799:
1457:Mixed-member
1442:Proportional
1417:Score voting
1358:Ranked pairs
1277:Part of the
1276:
1223:
1210:
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1109:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:
1084:
1071:
1054:
1043:
1038:
1017:
1016:: discusses
994:
980:
936:
919:
900:
896:
884:protest vote
881:
870:Protest vote
858:
852:
847:
840:
831:
776:
768:
763:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
717:
645:Election ink
629:Voter caging
538:Likely voter
501:
459:Vote pairing
434:Issue voting
232:Popular vote
214:Voting booth
179:Early voting
63:Part of the
46:
1800:Spoilt vote
1563:Droop quota
1502:Schulze STV
1477:Rural–urban
1422:STAR voting
1318:Borda count
1193:17 December
1137:18 December
958:aside from
920:During the
797:undervoting
619:Vote buying
502:Spoilt vote
482:Donkey vote
209:Vote center
189:Open ballot
1863:Categories
1819:Comparison
1573:Hare quota
1523:Allocation
1509:Spare vote
1497:Hare-Clark
1467:Party-list
1162:2022-07-07
1100:2020-07-21
1030:References
911:injunction
868:See also:
802:Filling a
793:overvoting
783:blank vote
760:vote count
637:Prevention
477:Abstention
345:Spare vote
335:Party-list
169:Ballot box
161:Collection
143:Electorate
125:Candidates
1810:Unseating
1805:Sortition
1407:Plurality
1283:Economics
849:In Canada
809:Adding a
89:Balloting
18:Void vote
1677:Criteria
1630:Scorporo
1279:politics
1182:RTÉ News
1003:See also
972:European
960:Victoria
756:election
744:informal
223:Counting
204:Precinct
1869:Ballots
1849:Project
1540:D'Hondt
1492:CPO-STV
1450:Systems
1157:NPR.org
748:invalid
732:spoiled
97:Ballots
1843:Portal
1780:Ballot
1556:Quotas
1285:series
1187:RTÉ.ie
876:, and
728:spoilt
724:ballot
720:voting
153:Ticket
72:Voting
1773:Other
1592:Mixed
1215:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
968:local
752:stray
237:Tally
148:Slate
1281:and
1195:2015
1139:2015
970:and
851:, a
740:null
736:void
722:, a
127:and
1605:MMP
750:or
718:In
1865::
1846:—
1185:.
1179:.
1155:.
1122:^
1093:.
917:.
894:.
872:,
799:).
746:,
742:,
738:,
734:,
730:,
1260:e
1253:t
1246:v
1197:.
1165:.
1141:.
1103:.
1065:.
828:.
707:e
700:t
693:v
34:.
20:)
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