931:
888:
899:(a nationalist movement), and various groups that claimed to stand in the tradition of Monday Demonstrations. Here, however, the ethnic connotation of "Volk" quickly became obvious. While the slogan "Wir sind ein Volk" was no longer in use since the reunification, the slogan "Wir sind das Volk" was given a new meaning. Now the word "Wir" was used by right wing protesters to refer to themselves, in order to distinguish from migrants and so-called "
473:
1745:
the racial unity of minjeok that has helped keep Korea independent all these centuries. In Japan, the Yamato race is so important that even ethnic
Koreans living there for generations can't get citizenship and there's no immigration despite a contracting population. MC in NEA faces huge political opposition that the already existing multiculturalism of South and Southeast Asia (SEA) don't face.
150:
53:
880:. The slogan meant that the "simple people" would no longer endure the dictatorship, and wanted to reform the political system of the GDR. It did not necessarily express support for the idea of a reunification. However, the slogan was also altered to "Wir sind ein Volk!" ("We are one people") during the course of the protests, indicating the ethnic meaning of
903:", Germans that supported refugees. After Chancellor Angela Merkel decided to give shelter to a growing number of refugees, especially from Syria, in 2015, right wing groups as well as more modest movements, that were referred to by the media as "the concerned citizens", started to use the slogan. They wanted to indicate that, according to their beliefs, the
1744:
Northeast Asians (NEA – Chinese, Koreans, Japanese) strike me as quite nationalistic, and nationalism up here is still tied up in right-Hegelian, 19th century notions of blood and soil. In China, the Han race is the focus of the government's newfound, post-communist nationalism. In Korea, it is only
546:
in the higher sense of the term, and what is love of the fatherland?," He answered that it could only be that "particular spiritual nature of the human environment out of which he himself, with all of his thought and action... has arisen, namely the people from which he is descended and among which
1645:
Zwar hatte man sich bei der
Referenz auf das 'Chinesische Volk' (zhonghua minzu) sowie auf ' ethnische Chinesen ' ( hanren minzu ) durchaus schon lange des japanisch / chinesischen Begriffs ' minzoku ' bzw. ' minzu ' ( = Volk , Nation , Volk ) bedient , allein hatte man es vermieden ... zwischen
915:
conception was pointed out by various media. The protesters also made references to the protests against the dictatorship of the GDR, since they regarded it as their right to decide whether the state should give shelter to refugees or not. This, however, is a constitutional right in
Germany for
916:"ersons persecuted on political grounds" that can not be changed unless the constitution is changed with a two-thirds majority in both houses of the parliament; however, asylum seekers who enter "from a member state of the European Communities" already have no constitutional right to asylum.
635:
attempted to create a national constitution for all German states but rivalry between
Prussian and Austrian interests resulted in proponents of the parliament advocating a "Lesser German" solution (a monarchical German nation-state without Austria). The
1589:... jinshu (race)" were generally differentiated from "minzoku (ethnic group, national minority of an ethnic nation)," and thus, racism (jinshu shugi) and nationalism (minzoku shugi or kokumin shugi) have tended to be read as different ...
1718:
in
Japanese) was a neologism created in Meiji Japan. When Korean (and Chinese and Japanese) nationalists wrote in English in the first half of the twentieth century, the English word they generally utilized for minjok was
1278:
Literature and Film in the Third Reich - Page 351 Karl-Heinz
Schoeps - 2004 In essence, Volk referred in that period to "the entirety of the German nation as a political, racial, cultural, and fated 'community by
508:
is used in the sense of "national spirit", not necessarily in reference to the German nation, but still strongly correlated with the development of a German national identity in the wake of the dissolution of the
644:, refused the offer and efforts to create a liberal German nation-state faltered and collapsed. A division developed among German nationalists, with one group led by the Prussians that supported a "
436:
as an Anglo-Saxonism. This word revived folk in a modern sense of "of the common people, whose culture is handed down orally", and opened up a flood of compound formations, e.g.
713:
as he considered it too vague as to carry any recognizable meaning due to former over-use, although he used it often, especially in connection with ethnic
Germans or
1361:
930:
1296:
for "popular" or "of the people" was sufficient to make headlines, and for her to be accused of harbouring "fascist" tendencies in the left-wing press.
781:
The term Volk, in the vision of Nazis, had a broad set of meanings, and referred sometimes to the entirety of German nation and other times to the
1309:
1673:
1638:
1456:
1422:
1299:
869:
819:
remains the unmarked term for "a people" or "nation" (while its older meanings of "a crowd of people" or "commoners" are less current). The
350:
was mostly reserved for "crowd" or "mass of the population", while the concept of "a people" or "a nation" was now expressed by the
Latinism
1732:
1703:
1095:
1873:
136:
1209:) depending on the context, but is distinct from 人種 (Korean: 인종) or 種族 (Vietnamese: chủng tộc) which purely means "race" (German:
641:
1408:
1659:
1515:
1442:
534:
74:
1628:
566:
Throughout much of the 19th century, it was not universally agreed that there was such a thing as a single "German nation" (
280:) had the primary meaning of "large crowd, army", while the more general sense of "population" or "people" was expressed by
1758:
1868:
1258:
1553:... jinshu (race) and minzoku (ethnicity; people; nation), Kada consistently reaffirms the biological basis of minzoku.
1863:
1858:
1853:
1444:
The
Language of Nation-State Building in Late Qing China: A Case Study of the Xinmin Congbao and the Minbao, 1902-1910
1784:
1630:
Taiwans multi-ethnische
Gesellschaft und die Bewegung der Ureinwohner: Assimilation oder kulturelle Revitalisierung?
1335:
669:
624:
of 1816–1818 which includes legends of Germanic antiquity as well as of German, Austrian and Swiss folklore.
117:
1052:
993:
681:
89:
1240:
942:, and happiness of the people" (国家富强; 民族振兴; 人民幸福) in the South Lake Park, Panzhou, Guizhou, China, November 2019
887:
1665:
194:
1816:. (= Movement Studies. 5) Århus: Klim (Theory of folk, people, and civil society with Scandinavian background)
738:
884:, where the division of Germany was regarded as unjust because of the common ethnic identity of all Germans.
547:
he has been formed and grown into that which he is". The movement combined sentimental patriotic interest in
1143:
1113:
1083:
911:) should have more rights than immigrants and especially refugees. The similarity to the National Socialist
476:
1914 ethnic map, after a German nation state had been established without the ethnic German areas of Austria
96:
63:
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665:
611:
529:
1385:
70:
39:
35:
790:
103:
1028:
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689:
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632:
556:
517:
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Cultural and Social Division in Contemporary Japan: Rethinking Discourses of Inclusion and Exclusion
1448:
1414:
1079:
661:
657:
652:" that included Austria. Prussia achieved hegemony over Germany in the "wars of unification": the
628:
410:
1819:
1241:
Transatlantic Intelligencer: "The Ummah and das Volk: On the Islamist and "Völkisch" Ideologies "
1075:
1035:
countries. East Asia's "Nationalist Party" often describe it as 国民党 or 國民黨. (Republic of China's
820:
677:
493:
489:
363:
274:
252:
173:
85:
30:
This article is about English-language usage of a German word. For people with the surname, see
1826:. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot (classical German-American sociology of folk, ethnos and demos)
1699:
1669:
1634:
1533:
1452:
1418:
774:
510:
499:
386:
295:
242:
1693:
786:
769:
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575:
424:
came to be seen as inelegant at around the same time, being mostly replaced by the latinate
241:
Within an English-language context, the German word is of interest primarily for its use in
229:
1814:
The People of Democracy. Understanding Self-Determination on the Basis of Body and Movement
1529:
1163:
1087:
1071:
981:
649:
637:
548:
539:
525:
485:
730:
became heavily used in nationalistic political slogans, particularly in slogans such as
1078:. The term "zhonghua minzu" ("中华民族") is a very important concept in explaining mainland
1178:
1044:
1004:). These words are not often used in Japan today, but they are used by some right-wing
765:
732:
645:
620:
560:
286:
31:
1265:
No. 325 (October 1967), p 860. Mosse was characterised as "the foremost historian of
660:(1866), which effectively established the separation of Austria from Germany, and the
555:
and a "back-to-the-land" anti-urban populism with many parallels with expressions of
1847:
1404:
1138:
989:
935:
840:
715:
552:
481:
433:
400:
1605:
1788:
1289:
1005:
873:
700:
615:
521:
428:. It re-entered formal or academic English only through the invention of the word
221:
110:
17:
1203:民族 (Korean: 민족, Vietnamese: dân tộc) is sometimes translated as "race" (German:
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877:
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782:
761:
723:
603:
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343:
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52:
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405:
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234:
1646:'Volk (minzu) und 'Ethnie' (zuqun) im chinesischen Kontext darin bestehe, ...
895:
In 2015 the slogan "Wir sind das Volk" became popular again among members of
563:. "In part this ideology was a revolt against modernity," Nicholls remarked.
1759:"Opinion: Is President Xi Jinping's Chinese dream fantasy or reality? – CNN"
1695:
The Great Enterprise: Sovereignty and Historiography in Modern Korea, Part 2
1500:
Ian Reader, Curtis Anderson; Esben Andreasen; Finn Stefánsson (2003-08-29).
1362:"Wir sind das Volk – The Call for Freedom Becomes a Slogan of Hate (German)"
1032:
969:
900:
599:
420:
being elevated to the sense of "nation" in the early 19th century, English
1039:
is a representative example.) The word 民族 is often used by nationalists in
752:
294:
acquired the meaning of an ethnic self-designation. Beginning in 1512, the
1013:
595:
390:
844:
for "ethnic Germans" retains some usage but is increasingly replaced by
199:
1133:
1118:
1056:
960:
801:
or "race", so these two terms did not always denote the same concept.
673:
321:
290:"popular, of the people"). It was only in the early modern period that
1254:
The Crisis in German Ideology: Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich
1210:
1128:
1123:
1108:
896:
855:
retains the meaning "of/for the common people", after the pattern of
607:
587:
579:
574:) were rather seen as the equivalent of what would now be called the
225:
216:
177:
1204:
868:"Wir sind das Volk!" ("We are the people!") was a chant used by the
815:, which became associated with German nationalism, the German noun
326:
838:
is used in the sense of "populace, resident population". The term
742:("popular or racial observer"), an NSDAP party newspaper. Also the
1048:
1040:
965:
955:
929:
886:
748:
471:
207:
148:
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in 1937 for a car designed to be affordable to the "common man".
1733:"More on Asian Multiculturalism: 5 Masters Theses to be Written"
1606:"Racial Thinking in Modern China: A Bridge to Ethnonationalism?"
1567:
The Journal of Korean Studies, Volume 18, Number 1 (Spring 2013)
1571:... injong (race) or minjok (ethnos) in the historical context.
1310:"Frauke Petry Pleads to Use "Völkisch" in a Positive Way Again"
1762:
46:
520:
originates in this time, proposing the formation of a German
648:" that excluded Austria and another group that supported a "
542:
from 1808 onwards, asked, in the eighth address, "What is a
1474:. University of California, Los Angeles. 2006. p. 351.
872:
during the peaceful demonstrations of 1989/1990 to end the
1583:
Yoshikazu Shiobara; Kohei Kawabata; Joel Matthews (2019).
756:("One nation, one empire, one leader"); the compound word
1824:
Ethnos und Demos. Soziologische Beiträge zur Volkstheorie
1661:
Tyranny of the Weak: North Korea and the World, 1950–1992
736: – "(a) people or race without space" or
1599:
1597:
1336:"Bild-Zeitung – From Volks-Bibles to Volks-Toothbrushes"
938:" slogan reading "Prosperous of state, rejuvenation of
1831:
Interethnic Relations. An Essay in Sociological Theory
310:"German, Germanic" was now expressed by the adjective
996:, the Japanese who opposed the war were called "anti-
1090:
of China. The term "minjok" ("民族") was reflected in
785:. In the writings of leading Nazi thinkers, such as
1569:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 47.
984:, these two words were used frequently, especially
823:retains its dedication, inscribed in 1916, reading
582:comprising a number of peoples (such as the German
330:and also overlaps in the usage of the latter as in
77:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1269:ideology" by Petteri Pietikäinen 2000:524 note 6.
861:, sometimes used humorously in advertising (as in
559:in other parts of Europe, such as the writings of
409:"people's car", historically a name chosen by the
362:after 1800, explicitly in the context of emergent
1518:. 18 October 2005 – via Japan Times Online.
1487:Marxist History and Postwar Japanese Nationalism
1549:Japan's Minorities: The Illusion of Homogeneity
1399:
1397:
373:translates to "populace" or "nation" include
1389:Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
891:First Pegida protest in daytime, January 2015
834:suggests an ethnic group or nation, the term
610:, etc.; also included into the term were the
8:
1680:... (minjok, similar to the German Volk) ...
1070:-based nationalism is deeply related to the
676:) and the South or Central German states of
1252:A. J. Nicholls, reviewing George L. Mosse,
668:was finally achieved, by the fusion of the
157:
1436:
1434:
964:(Kanji: 民族, lit: people; ethnic group) by
381:, literally "decision of/by the people")
300:Imperium Romanum Sacrum Nationis Germanicæ
1300:""Völkisch" ist nicht irgendein Adjektiv"
304:Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation
137:Learn how and when to remove this message
1565:Clark W. Sorensen; Donald Baker (2013).
1516:"Aso says Japan is nation of 'one race'"
976:is used in a non-racial context, unlike
389:). The somewhat obsolete meaning of the
1472:South Asia Bulletin: Volume 26, Issue 3
1233:
1196:
768:" jet fighter, translated as "people's
1288:The proposal by right-wing politician
1082:. "Zhonghua minzu" is also appears in
1016:has called Japan a "one race" or "one
778:, translated as "people's community".
1840:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
1838:People's History and Socialist Theory
1698:. Duke University Press. p. 77.
1658:Charles K. Armstrong (18 June 2013).
1485:Gayle, Curtis Anderson (2003-08-29).
502:of the late 18th and 19th centuries,
202:, both uncountable in the sense of
193:
34:. For English word for populace, see
7:
988:to indicate the superiority of the "
75:adding citations to reliable sources
1298:Biermann, Kai (11 September 2016).
346:" etc. In the 18th century, German
25:
1604:Olsson, Jojje (10 January 2018).
1023:国民 and 民族 greatly influenced the
1731:Kelly, Robert E. (24 May 2010).
1074:in modern Chinese, Japanese and
980:.) Throughout the period of the
578:, i.e. a large ethno-linguistic
255:– notably the derived adjective
51:
1783:Allison, Graham (31 May 2017).
1633:(in German). Lit. p. 207.
958:: 国民, lit: nation; people) and
642:Frederick William IV of Prussia
62:needs additional citations for
1532:. 13 January 2020 – via
535:Addresses to the German Nation
358:in this sense was replaced by
1:
1836:Raphael Samuel (1981) (ed.),
1504:. Japan Library. p. 107.
1259:The English Historical Review
538:, published still during the
403:is visible in the brand name
1530:"麻生太郎氏「日本は2千年、一つの民族」政府方針と矛盾"
709:denounced usage of the word
27:German noun meaning "people"
1710:As noted earlier, the word
1243:: accessed 7 September 2010
664:of 1870/1, after which the
618:, e.g. the Brothers' Grimm
1890:
1833:. New York u.a.: Elsevier.
1829:Emerich K. Francis (1976)
1757:Xie, Tao (14 March 2014).
923:
827:("to the German people").
670:North German Confederation
479:
251:("national soul"), and in
29:
1812:Henning Eichberg (2004),
172:), the dedication on the
1874:German words and phrases
1666:Cornell University Press
1627:Michael Rudolph (2003).
1587:. Taylor & Francis.
1551:. Routledge. p. 2.
1502:Japan's Pseudo-democracy
848:(" of German descent").
722:During the years of the
468:German national identity
306:, suggesting that Latin
302:, rendered in German as
273:in the medieval period (
210:, and countable (plural
1785:"What Xi Jinping Wants"
1547:Michael Weiner (2009).
1144:Johann Gottfried Herder
1084:March of the Volunteers
865:"people's toothbrush")
797:or "peoples" made up a
994:Shōwa "statist" period
943:
892:
666:unification of Germany
530:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
524:as a solution to the "
477:
416:In contrast to German
261:("national, ethnic").
180:
38:. For other uses, see
1692:Em, Henry H. (2013).
1410:The Nature of Fascism
933:
907:(meaning only ethnic
890:
809:Unlike the adjective
739:Völkischer Beobachter
480:Further information:
475:
191:German pronunciation:
152:
40:Volk (disambiguation)
1869:Romantic nationalism
1449:Taylor & Francis
1415:Taylor & Francis
1292:to normalize use of
1114:Völkisch nationalism
1096:Pledge of Allegiance
1029:romantic nationalism
1010:Japanese nationalist
950:was translated into
926:Minzu (anthropology)
870:Monday demonstrators
654:Second Schleswig War
633:Frankfurt Parliament
557:Romantic nationalism
432:, coined in 1846 by
167:To the German People
71:improve this article
1340:Süddeutsche Zeitung
1316:. 11 September 2016
1080:Chinese nationalism
876:and bring down the
825:dem deutschen Volke
662:Franco-Prussian War
658:Austro-Prussian War
629:Revolutions of 1848
627:In the wake of the
570:). The "Germans" (
411:German Labour Front
369:Compounds in which
154:Dem Deutschen Volke
1864:German nationalism
1859:Germanic mysticism
1854:Germanic languages
1820:Emerich K. Francis
1076:Korean nationalism
944:
893:
821:Reichstag building
494:German nationalism
490:German unification
478:
364:German nationalism
275:Middle High German
253:German nationalism
214:) in the sense of
181:
174:Reichstag building
18:Volk (German word)
1675:978-0-8014-6893-3
1640:978-3-8258-6828-4
1608:. Taiwan Sentinel
1534:The Asahi Shimbun
1458:978-1-000-83271-6
1441:Qing Cao (2023),
1424:978-1-136-14588-9
1391: (in English)
920:Outside of German
775:Volksgemeinschaft
760:, translated as "
584:"stems" or tribes
518:völkisch movement
511:Holy Roman Empire
500:German philosophy
387:League of Nations
296:Holy Roman Empire
243:German philosophy
147:
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139:
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16:(Redirected from
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1072:nation-buildings
863:Volks-Zahnbürste
851:In composition,
787:Alfred Rosenberg
772:"; and the term
744:political slogan
576:Germanic peoples
434:William J. Thoms
287:dietsch, deutsch
198:) translates to
197:
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183:The German noun
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1164:Volkshochschule
1104:
1088:national anthem
1086:, the official
982:Empire of Japan
928:
922:
846:Deutschstämmige
807:
698:
650:Greater Germany
638:King of Prussia
549:German folklore
540:Napoleonic Wars
526:German Question
496:
486:German question
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267:
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1705:978-0822353720
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1045:zhonghua minzu
992:". During the
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806:
803:
747:Ein Volk, ein
733:Volk ohne Raum
697:
694:
672:(dominated by
646:Lesser Germany
621:Deutsche Sagen
561:William Morris
469:
466:
375:Volksentscheid
266:
263:
195:[fɔlk]
145:
144:
59:
57:
50:
32:Volk (surname)
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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2:
1886:
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613:
612:Scandinavians
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572:die Deutschen
569:
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553:local history
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531:
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482:German tribes
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446:folk-medicine
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431:
427:
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401:working class
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228:(compare the
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127:February 2019
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88: –
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82:Find sources:
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60:This article
58:
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37:
33:
19:
1837:
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1807:Bibliography
1806:
1805:
1792:. Retrieved
1789:The Atlantic
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1752:
1743:
1736:. Retrieved
1726:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1694:
1687:
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1629:
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
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1566:
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1542:
1524:
1510:
1501:
1495:
1489:. Routledge.
1486:
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1471:
1466:
1443:
1409:
1388:
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1365:
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1339:
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1313:
1303:
1293:
1290:Frauke Petry
1284:
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1006:conservative
1001:
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951:
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791:Hans Günther
780:
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757:
746:
737:
731:
727:
721:
714:
710:
704:
701:Adolf Hitler
699:
656:(1864), the
626:
619:
616:Anglo-Saxons
571:
567:
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543:
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522:nation state
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185:
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124:
114:
107:
100:
93:
81:
69:Please help
64:verification
61:
44:
1738:10 February
1092:South Korea
1025:nationalism
990:Yamato race
901:Gutmenschen
878:Berlin Wall
836:Bevölkerung
783:Nordic race
762:master race
726:, the term
724:Third Reich
682:Württemberg
604:Thuringians
592:Franconians
344:folk belief
340:Volksglaube
324:of English
284:(adjective
1848:Categories
1223:References
1184:Folk music
1174:Volkswagen
1169:Volkssturm
1159:Volksmusik
1154:Volkshalle
1149:Volksgeist
1037:Kuomintang
1033:East Asian
924:See also:
858:Volkswagen
805:After 1945
766:Volksjäger
758:Herrenvolk
706:Mein Kampf
505:Volksgeist
462:folk-dance
458:folk-music
406:Volkswagen
396:hoi polloi
383:Völkerbund
379:plebiscite
354:. Use of
336:folk music
332:Volksmusik
308:germanicus
298:was named
248:Volksseele
220:as in an
97:newspapers
1714:(read as
1002:hikokumin
970:Meiji Era
946:The term
600:Bavarians
454:folk-song
450:folk-tale
442:folk-hero
269:The term
265:Etymology
1407:(2013).
1304:Die Zeit
1294:völkisch
1279:blood.'"
1267:völkisch
1102:See also
1055:"), and
1027:(mainly
1014:Taro Aso
1000:" (非国民;
812:völkisch
793:several
764:"; the "
711:völkisch
696:Nazi era
614:and the
596:Swabians
464:(1912).
460:(1889),
456:(1847),
452:(1891),
448:(1898),
444:(1899),
440:(1921),
438:folk art
430:folklore
258:völkisch
245:, as in
217:a people
206:as in a
1822:(1965)
1794:9 March
1768:9 March
1719:'race.'
1716:minzoku
1612:9 March
1371:21 June
1346:21 June
1320:21 June
1119:Populus
1061:dân tộc
1057:Vietnam
1018:minzoku
998:kokumin
986:minzoku
978:minzoku
974:Kokumin
968:in the
961:minzoku
952:kokumin
909:Germans
770:fighter
678:Bavaria
674:Prussia
586:of the
532:in his
322:cognate
320:is the
312:deutsch
292:deutsch
230:English
161:
111:scholar
1712:minjok
1702:
1672:
1637:
1455:
1421:
1129:People
1124:Pueblo
1109:Volcae
1053:minjok
897:PEGIDA
853:Volks-
830:While
795:Völker
753:Führer
751:, ein
631:, the
608:Saxons
588:Franks
580:phylum
492:, and
426:people
356:Nation
352:Nation
226:nation
212:Völker
204:people
200:people
178:Berlin
113:
106:
99:
92:
86:"Volk"
84:
1228:Notes
1212:Rasse
1191:Notes
1179:Dutch
1049:Korea
1041:China
1031:) of
966:Japan
956:Kanji
799:Rasse
749:Reich
690:Hesse
686:Baden
544:Volk,
371:Volk-
232:term
208:crowd
118:JSTOR
104:books
1796:2021
1770:2021
1740:2024
1700:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1614:2021
1453:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1373:2017
1348:2017
1322:2017
1314:Welt
1206:Volk
1134:Þeod
1068:Volk
1066:The
1063:").
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1008:and
948:Volk
940:Volk
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882:Volk
832:Volk
817:Volk
789:and
728:Volk
688:and
590:(or
568:Volk
516:The
422:folk
418:Volk
360:Volk
348:Volk
327:folk
318:Volk
282:diet
278:volc
271:Volk
235:folk
186:Volk
158:lit.
90:news
36:Folk
1763:CNN
1256:in
1094:'s
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972:. (
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