874:
320:
313:
46:
212:
360:
343:
33:
292:
274:
247:
252:
227:
561:, are here recombined for the benefit of those having or using herbaria arranged according to this work. Collectors, pathologists, and others who may not be intimately acquainted with taxonomic methods will probably find it more convenient to follow the one system until a comprehensive revision is completed, at least for some important groups".
905:
on the gill face) are absent in most collections; if present they are scarce and similar to the cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge) measure 30–70 by 10–35 μm, and are club-, spindle-, or flask-shaped, and usually each one has an apical outgrowth up to 40 μm long. The
984:
identification can be more difficult due to the sometimes overlapping morphological variation among the species. Size of the fruit bodies, color of the cap, spore size, presence or absence of cystidia and morphology of the cystidia are the most important characters for morphological species
1110:
Flore française: ou, Descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France, disposées selon une novelle méthode d'analyse, et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la
925:(stipitipellis) is a cutis (parallel hyphae not embedded in a gelatinous matrix). Caulocystidia (cystidia on the cap) are sometimes present; they measure 65–140 by 10–25 μm, and are mostly cylindrical.
746:
1093:
Der Führer in die
Pilzkunde: Anleitung zum methodischen, leichten und sichern Bestimmen der in Deutschland vorkommenden Pilze: mit Ausnahme der Schimmel- und allzu winzigen Schleim- und Kern-Pilzchen
866:
is white in the stipe and cap and it does not change color when bruised or exposed to air. The smell and taste of the flesh are described as indistinct or herbaceous. The
834:
is between 25 and 50 mm (1.0 and 2.0 in) in diameter, more or less ovate or hemispherical when young, then expanding to convex or flat. It can have a low, broad
940:
mushroom that grows in gardens and grassy fields. It was originally found in banana fields in Cuba. In Africa, Spain and Italy it has been reported mostly in urban or
515:, created in the same publication, because at that time there was considerable confusion about which generic name was more appropriate for the mushrooms traditionally
1870:
1737:
1352:
1220:
854:
is 30–50 mm (1.2–2.0 in) long and 2–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) wide, and broadening towards the base. Its surface is white, smooth or slightly
1817:
1698:
991:
has larger fruit bodies (cap more than 5 cm (2 in) in diameter), has pleurocystidia, and the cheilocystidia lack long apical outgrowths.
211:
901:
are 20–40 by 8–16 μm; they are usually four-spored but sometimes two-spored, and, more rarely, one-spored forms can occur. Pleurocystidia (
944:
garden areas. It usually fruits in groups of several mushrooms but it can also be found growing solitary. This species has been reported from
1539:
1450:
557:: "A number of species of gill-fungi described by me from tropical America in Mycologia, 1911–1912, under genera not found in Saccardo's
1850:
742:
1860:
1351:
Justo A, Vizzini A, Minnis AM, Menolli Jr N, Capelari M, Rodríguez O, Malysheva E, Contu M, Ghignone S, Hibbett DS (2011).
538:
45:
1019:
973:
698:
1556:
964:. Molecular data have so far corroborated that the European and African collections correspond to the same species.
850:, and up to 6 mm broad; they are white when young but turn pink with age as the spores mature. The cylindrical
439:
is white and measures 5 cm (2 in) long and 1 cm (0.4 in) wide. It has a smooth, white, sac-like
1742:
999:
987:
777:
648:
583:
1393:
1269:
815:
516:
1294:
1865:
1855:
1219:
Justo A, Minnis AM, Ghignone S, Menolli Jr N, Capelari M, Rodríguez O, Malysheva E, Contu M, Vizzini A (2011).
1003:, pleurocystidia are also present, and this species has smaller spores, typically less than 12.5 μm long.
496:
479:
by differences in the size of the fruit bodies, cap color, spore size, and the presence or absence and form of
390:
157:
1108:
1875:
768:
431:
is typically between 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) in diameter, white, and is markedly viscid when fresh. The
411:
873:
1627:
993:
631:
997:
has pleurocystidia and has predominantly flask-shaped cheilocystidia without long apical outgrowths. In
803:
504:
500:
464:
140:
1809:
1690:
1672:
1609:
981:
1170:
1126:
1052:
913:(N.C.Pathak) Vizzini & Contu, both pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are completely absent. The
1845:
941:
782:
492:
1333:
1261:
1194:
1146:
1072:
863:
843:
554:
432:
366:
233:
166:
40:
1791:
1750:
1659:
1535:
1385:
827:
726:
424:
257:
806:, the collector of the original samples, to whom Murrill dedicated the species. The original
1755:
1477:
1375:
1367:
1325:
1316:
Special
Committee for Fungi (1953). "Disposition of Nomina Generica Conservanda for Fungi".
1251:
1243:
1186:
1138:
1064:
859:
851:
525:. At the time of Murrill's proposal most species in this group were classified in the genus
440:
436:
302:
297:
1353:"Phylogeny of the Pluteaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): Taxonomy and character evolution"
835:
750:
397:, based on collections made in a Cuban banana field. The fungus was later shuffled to the
1804:
1685:
1615:
1329:
949:
807:
796:
730:
87:
1417:
1839:
907:
886:
77:
1091:
1796:
1782:
1664:
1265:
1142:
937:
839:
791:
463:
has been reported from Africa, Europe, and North
America. Microscopic features and
456:
448:
416:
350:
117:
32:
1534:. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Rotterdam, Netherlands: AA Balkema. pp. 54–64.
1650:
1371:
1711:
914:
867:
842:; the cap is pure white, but sometimes develops pale brown tinges with age. The
722:
717:
530:
521:
444:
406:
326:
1247:
1096:(in German). Zerbst, Germany: Verlag von E. Luppe's Buchhandlung. p. 387.
894:
847:
452:
386:
107:
97:
890:
862:
is up to 20 mm (0.8 in) high, white and has a smooth surface. The
811:
757:
57:
1581:(Basidiomycota, Pluteaceae) nuova per l'Europa, e note sulla tassonomia di
1506:(Murrill) Vizzini, Contu & Justo nell'Isola Polvese sul lago Trasimeno"
1389:
511:) a few years earlier. It was originally described by Murrill in the genus
1576:
1776:
1724:
1644:
1501:
1027:
902:
855:
756:
would be made by Robert L. Shaffer, who authored the first comprehensive
480:
382:
279:
238:
217:
838:
in the center in old specimens; the surface is markedly viscid in fresh
1822:
1703:
1337:
1198:
1150:
1076:
898:
1716:
1380:
1256:
1729:
953:
922:
729:
in 1899, would be adopted for this group in 1953 after a proposal to
542:
67:
1621:
1481:
1190:
1068:
789:. Therefore, this taxon was transferred to the newly proposed genus
715:
would be used as the correct name for this group. The generic name
961:
957:
918:
872:
468:
398:
1677:
945:
508:
1625:
747:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
1424:. C. V. Starr Virtual Herbarium. The New York Botanical Garden
1229:(Pluteaceae, Agaricales): Morphology, geography and phylogeny"
1299:
Anales del Museo
Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires
785:
from the majority of the species traditionally classified in
389:. It was originally described in 1911 by American mycologist
1530:
Vellinga EC (1988). "Glossary". In Bas; et al. (eds.).
1510:
Bollettino dell'Associazione
Micologica ed Ecologica Romana
881:
are variably shaped and often have a long apical outgrowth.
976:
clearly separate the four species currently recognized in
846:
are crowded together, free from attachment to the stipe,
553:, citing practical concerns about usage of names for non-
545:
in 1805. A year later
Murrill transferred his species of
499:
in 1911 based on three collections made by his colleague
1564:. Meise, Belgium: National Botanical Garden of Belgium.
858:(as if covered with a fine white powder). The sac-like
1558:
Flore
Illustrèe des champignons d'Afrique centrale 4:
906:
cheilocystidia completely cover the gill edge. In the
781:
and that this group of species constitutes a separate
1766:
1634:
357:
340:
309:
289:
271:
244:
224:
205:
533:in 1871, but mycologists realized that the name
435:start out as white but they soon turn pink. The
1525:
1523:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
443:at its base. The cap produces a pinkish-brown
1046:
1044:
8:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
771:of Alfredo Justo and colleagues showed that
467:are of great importance for separating this
1459:comb. & stat. nov. and observations on
810:of this species are still preserved at the
537:was already taken as it had been coined by
1622:
1024:(Murrill) Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011"
475:can be distinguished from the three other
31:
20:
1379:
1255:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1053:"The Agaricaceae of Tropical America IV"
745:established under the principles of the
1030:. International Mycological Association
1011:
917:(pileipellis) is an ixocutis (parallel
1871:Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill
921:embedded in a gelatinous matrix). The
202:
697:and related species as inferred from
7:
1589:Micologia e Vegetazione Mediterranea
1107:Lamarck J-B, de Candolle AP (1805).
459:fungus that grows on grassy fields,
693:Phylogenetic relationships between
623:
599:
575:
568:
420:, a genus newly described in 2011.
160:) Vizzini, Contu & Justo (2011)
1330:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1953.tb01455.x
1295:"Fungi Argentini novi vel critici"
974:internal transcribed spacer region
929:Habitat, distribution, and ecology
14:
743:Nomenclature Committee for Fungi
358:
341:
318:
311:
290:
272:
250:
245:
225:
210:
44:
893:and measure 11–16 by 8–11
1143:10.1080/00275514.1912.12017924
447:made of individual elliptical
1:
1372:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.09.012
539:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
491:This species was originally
1532:Flora Agaricina Neerlandica
1449:Justo A, Castro ML (2010).
985:delimitation in the genus.
218:Mycological characteristics
1892:
988:Volvopluteus gloiocephalus
972:Molecular analyses of the
802:comes from the surname of
764:in North America in 1957.
649:Volvopluteus michiganensis
584:Volvopluteus gloiocephalus
1248:10.1007/s11557-010-0716-z
1114:(in French). p. 572.
816:New York Botanical Garden
645:
628:
621:
604:
597:
580:
573:
172:
165:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1221:"Species recognition in
778:Volvariella gloiocephala
497:William Alphonso Murrill
391:William Alphonso Murrill
192:(Murrill) Shaffer (1957)
185:(Murrill) Murrill (1912)
1851:Fungi described in 1911
495:by American mycologist
1861:Fungi of North America
1293:Spegazzini CL (1899).
882:
877:The cheilocystidia of
775:is closely related to
737:against De Candolle's
727:Carlos Luis Spegazzini
632:Volvopluteus asiaticus
471:from related species.
1000:V. michiganensis
876:
804:Franklin Sumner Earle
505:Santiago de las vegas
501:Franklin Sumner Earle
1555:Heineman P. (1975).
1236:Mycological Progress
741:was rejected by the
707:Ultimately, neither
1768:Volvariopsis earlei
1636:Volvopluteus earlei
1610:Volvopluteus earlei
1504:Volvopluteus earlei
1422:Murrill (holotype)"
1420:Volvariopsis earlei
1418:"Specimen details:
1169:Shaffer RL (1957).
1125:Murrill WA (1912).
1051:Murrill WA (1911).
1022:Volvopluteus earlei
934:Volvopluteus earlei
879:Volvopluteus earlei
832:Volvopluteus earlei
695:Volvopluteus earlei
608:Volvopluteus earlei
451:measuring up to 11
429:Volvopluteus earlei
395:Volvariopsis earlei
378:Volvopluteus earlei
207:Volvopluteus earlei
175:Volvariopsis earlei
150:Volvopluteus earlei
25:Volvopluteus earlei
1579:Volvariella earlei
1090:Kummer P. (1871).
883:
870:is pinkish-brown.
773:Volvariella earlei
769:phylogenetic study
754:Volvariella earlei
721:, proposed by the
189:Volvariella earlei
1833:
1832:
1751:Open Tree of Life
1628:Taxon identifiers
1583:Volvariella media
1575:Contu M. (2006).
1541:978-90-6191-859-2
1502:"Ritrovamento di
1500:Lezzi T. (2011).
1175:in North America"
994:V. asiaticus
705:
704:
687:
686:
678:
677:
669:
668:
660:
659:
465:DNA sequence data
412:molecular studies
374:
373:
200:Species of fungus
198:
197:
193:
186:
179:
16:Species of fungus
1883:
1826:
1825:
1813:
1812:
1800:
1799:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1759:
1758:
1746:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1707:
1706:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1667:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1623:
1597:
1596:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1497:
1486:
1485:
1467:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1392:. Archived from
1383:
1357:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1268:. Archived from
1259:
1233:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1166:
1155:
1154:
1127:"News and Notes"
1122:
1116:
1115:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1016:
797:specific epithet
624:
600:
576:
569:
564:
563:
381:is a species of
362:
361:
345:
344:
322:
321:
315:
314:
294:
293:
276:
275:
254:
253:
249:
248:
229:
228:
214:
203:
191:
184:
177:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1866:Fungi of Africa
1856:Fungi of Europe
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1630:
1605:
1600:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1499:
1498:
1489:
1482:10.5248/112.261
1465:
1448:
1447:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1206:
1191:10.2307/3756159
1168:
1167:
1158:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1069:10.2307/3753496
1050:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1009:
970:
968:Similar species
931:
824:
688:
679:
670:
661:
541:for a genus of
489:
359:
342:
323:
319:
316:
312:
291:
273:
251:
246:
226:
220:
215:
201:
187:
182:Volvaria earlei
180:
161:
154:
148:
135:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1876:Fungus species
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1814:
1801:
1788:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1747:
1734:
1721:
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1616:Index Fungorum
1604:
1603:External links
1601:
1599:
1598:
1585:sensu J.Lange"
1567:
1547:
1540:
1519:
1487:
1434:
1409:
1360:Fungal Biology
1343:
1308:
1285:
1204:
1156:
1117:
1099:
1082:
1063:(6): 271–282.
1040:
1010:
1008:
1005:
969:
966:
950:North Carolina
930:
927:
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820:
703:
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593:
592:
589:
588:
579:
574:
572:
567:
488:
485:
473:V. earlei
461:V. earlei
385:in the family
372:
371:
363:
355:
354:
346:
338:
337:
324:
317:
310:
307:
306:
295:
287:
286:
277:
269:
268:
255:
242:
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230:
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221:
216:
209:
199:
196:
195:
178:Murrill (1911)
170:
169:
163:
162:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
132:V. earlei
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
88:Agaricomycetes
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1888:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1824:
1819:
1815:
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1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
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1778:
1774:
1773:
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1769:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1515:
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1505:
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1475:
1471:
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1458:
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1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1423:
1421:
1413:
1410:
1399:on 2016-03-03
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1275:on 2013-10-19
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:(4): 453–79.
1241:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:(4): 545–79.
1184:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:(6): 327–32.
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1001:
996:
995:
990:
989:
983:
982:morphological
979:
975:
967:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:anthropogenic
939:
935:
928:
926:
924:
923:stipe cuticle
920:
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549:to the genus
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365:Edibility is
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141:Binomial name
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78:Basidiomycota
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34:
29:
26:
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1767:
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1595:(29): 101–6.
1592:
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1570:
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1513:
1509:
1503:
1473:
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1452:
1426:. Retrieved
1419:
1412:
1401:. Retrieved
1394:the original
1363:
1359:
1346:
1324:(2): 29–32.
1321:
1317:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1277:. Retrieved
1270:the original
1239:
1235:
1227:Volvopluteus
1226:
1222:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1109:
1102:
1092:
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1032:. Retrieved
1021:
1014:
998:
992:
986:
978:Volvopluteus
977:
971:
938:saprotrophic
933:
932:
911:acystidiatus
910:
884:
878:
840:fruit bodies
831:
825:
799:
792:Volvopluteus
790:
786:
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760:revision of
753:
738:
734:
716:
713:Volvariopsis
712:
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582:
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547:Volvariopsis
546:
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513:Volvariopsis
512:
490:
476:
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457:saprotrophic
428:
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417:Volvopluteus
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351:saprotrophic
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174:
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149:
147:
131:
130:
119:Volvopluteus
118:
24:
18:
1712:iNaturalist
1560:Volvariella
1516:(1): 26–31.
1457:V. dunensis
1453:Volvariella
1451:"The genus
1366:(1): 1–20.
1173:Volvariella
915:cap cuticle
868:spore print
822:Description
787:Volvariella
762:Volvariella
758:monographic
751:combination
725:mycologist
723:Argentinean
718:Volvariella
555:taxonomists
531:Paul Kummer
529:erected by
522:Volvariella
477:Volvariella
453:micrometers
445:spore print
407:Volvariella
348:Ecology is
327:Spore print
1846:Pluteaceae
1840:Categories
1783:Q109378679
1476:: 261–70.
1455:in Spain:
1428:2013-01-15
1403:2013-04-12
1381:2318/74776
1279:2013-04-12
1257:2318/78430
1034:2013-04-10
1007:References
848:ventricose
517:classified
387:Pluteaceae
108:Pluteaceae
98:Agaricales
74:Division:
1651:Q16760246
1470:Mycotaxon
1461:V. earlei
1305:: 81–365.
1179:Mycologia
1131:Mycologia
1111:botanique
1057:Mycologia
891:ellipsoid
812:herbarium
808:specimens
733:Kummer's
493:described
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1805:Fungorum
1777:Wikidata
1725:MycoBank
1686:Fungorum
1678:21344723
1645:Wikidata
1390:21215950
1028:MycoBank
903:cystidia
856:pruinose
739:Volvaria
735:Volvaria
731:conserve
709:Volvaria
551:Volvaria
535:Volvaria
527:Volvaria
487:Taxonomy
481:cystidia
455:long. A
402:Volvaria
383:mushroom
280:Hymenium
239:hymenium
167:Synonyms
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1823:3299303
1704:7590178
1338:1217581
1266:1719751
1223:Pluteus
1199:3756159
1151:3753290
1077:3753496
899:Basidia
864:context
814:of the
783:lineage
559:Sylloge
543:lichens
410:before
368:unknown
158:Murrill
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1810:188173
1756:402053
1743:908349
1730:518593
1717:416136
1691:518593
1538:
1388:
1336:
1264:
1197:
1149:
1075:
980:, but
954:Mexico
919:hyphae
887:spores
800:earlei
795:. The
749:. The
701:data.
449:spores
399:genera
300:has a
1797:5BQPT
1665:5BQRD
1466:(PDF)
1397:(PDF)
1356:(PDF)
1334:JSTOR
1318:Taxon
1273:(PDF)
1262:S2CID
1232:(PDF)
1195:JSTOR
1147:JSTOR
1073:JSTOR
962:Italy
958:Spain
936:is a
860:volva
852:stipe
844:gills
469:taxon
441:volva
437:stipe
433:gills
303:volva
298:Stipe
262:ovate
234:Gills
68:Fungi
1818:GBIF
1738:NCBI
1699:GBIF
1536:ISBN
1386:PMID
1225:and
960:and
946:Cuba
908:form
889:are
885:The
836:umbo
826:The
767:The
711:nor
509:Cuba
423:The
404:and
331:pink
284:free
266:flat
1792:CoL
1673:EoL
1660:CoL
1613:in
1478:doi
1474:112
1376:hdl
1368:doi
1364:115
1326:doi
1252:hdl
1244:doi
1187:doi
1139:doi
1065:doi
830:of
828:cap
699:ITS
503:in
427:of
425:cap
393:as
333:to
329:is
282:is
264:or
260:is
258:Cap
237:on
1842::
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