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situation had not changed when the Duke of Opole arrived in April 1312. Historians debate whether Bolko I came to Kraków for his own purposes, or rather as a governor on behalf of the new Czech king, John of
Bohemia, who was also using the title of King of Poland. However, John could not support this militant rebellion as a result of the problems he faced in Moravia with his own rebels. In any case, attempts to capture Wawel Castle failed, and strengthened by Hungarian support, Władysław the Short mastered the rebellion in Sandomierz and forced Bolko I of Opole to leave Kraków in June 1312. Upon returning to Opole, Bolko kidnapped mayor Albert and for unknown reasons had him imprisoned (perhaps to recover by ransom the costs incurred in connection with the trip to Kraków). After ending the rebellion, Władysław proceeded to punish the rebels. The penalties were severe; some councilors were hanged and their property confiscated, and the city of Kraków itself lost some of its privileges (e.g., hereditary headmen). Soon after the rebellion Latin was introduced to the books of the city rather than German.
1371:
Przemysl II of
Greater Poland, Wenceslaus II, Wenceslaus III, and Henry III of Głogow, Władysław might have forever remained the prince of tiny Brześć-Kuyavia. But if not for the persistent and consistent actions of Władysław the Short, Poland could have become part of the Luxembourg monarchy or could have been permanently divided. It was during his reign that Poland seriously clashed for the first time with the Teutonic Order and established a surprising alliance with Lithuania that would ultimately last for centuries. With the coronation at Wawel, the King established a precedent and solidified the position of the Polish kingdom. Władysław also endeavored to establish a uniform legal code throughout the land. In this code he assured the safety and freedom of Jews and placed them on an equal footing with Christians. Finally, as he initiated the unification of the country he also began to organize a nationwide administration structure and treasury. This action was successfully continued by his son and successor, Casimir III the Great.
996:, successfully drove the Brandenburgs from Gdańsk and then moved on to Tczew. However, the Prussian Grand Master did not listen to Prince Casimir, Władysław's governor residing in Tczew, and without a struggle took the city. Then the Knights took Nowe and in 1308 completed the campaign. Only Świecie remained in the hands of Władysław the Short. In April 1309 in Kuyavia there was a meeting between Władysław the Short and the Prussian Grand Master about the seizure of Pomerelia at which the Teutonic Order issued to the Prince an absurd bill for the relief of Gdańsk, and then offered to purchase the territory. Both proposals were rejected by Wladyslaw. Consequently, in July 1309, the Teutonic Knights began the siege of Świecie. The garrison surrendered the city only in September. In order to legitimize their conduct, the Knights purchased in September a questionable right to the district from Brandenburg. The annexation of Pomerelia enabled the Grand Master to finally transfer their capital from
598:
1162:
1326. He informed the
Teutonic Knights about the participation of pagan armies in the expedition. He could, at least temporarily, count on their neutrality, since their truce was in force until the end of 1326. Approaching Brandenburg did not yield significant results, apart from some destruction, prisoners, and recovery of the castellany of Miedzyrzecz. This did not improve Władysław's popularity in Germany, as it was perceived that the Polish king, together with heathens, initiated war with the Christian world. The papacy kept silent and did not support the Polish king, but it did not condemn him. The war with Brandenburg also alarmed the Silesian princes. In the same year, Władysław the Short regained the land of Wieluń from Bolesław the Elder, the Duke of Niemodlin.
1061:
sons of Henry III of Głogow. These events surprised the dukes such that they could not effectively stop the rebellion, and their troops sent under the command of Janusz
Biberstein suffered defeat. Seeking an independent political position, the local knighthood also gained Poznań, which was defended by the mayor Przemek and the townspeople. The knights of Greater Poland, knowing about Władysław's suppression of the rebellion of mayor Albert in Kraków, discerned that he was a defender of their economic and political interests. The result was the transfer of power to Władysław, who entered Poznań in August 1314. After the events in Poznań he began to designate himself as the prince of the Polish Kingdom.
306:
1124:
the
Luxembourg claims (despite their tenuous legal basis) referred to Greater Poland, the "kingdom" of Przemysł II. As such, Kraków was chosen for the coronation instead of Gniezno, in that a coronation in Kraków would not violate the rights of John of Bohemia. On 20 January 1320 in the Wawel Cathedral, Janisław, the Archbishop of Gniezno (succeeding Borzysław), crowned Władysław as King of Poland. Placing the rite of Polish coronation in Kraków, however, caused John to question its legality. In light of John of Bohemia's use of the title King of Poland, in the international arena Władysław the Short was considered the King of Kraków, and not of the whole country.
1655:
1628:
42:
1016:, the bishop of Kraków and a former follower of Wenceslaus II. Muskata began to sow discord against Władysław soon after he gained the throne of Kraków by trying to establish contacts with his enemies Bolko I of Opole and Henry III of Głogów. To help the Prince of Kraków came the venerable archbishop of Gniezno, Jakub Swinka. On 14 June 1308, Swinka deprived Muskata of his bishopric for abuse of power. Using judgment, Władysław imprisoned the bishop for only half a year, and then forced him to leave the boundaries of the principality. Muskata did not return to Kraków until 1317.
1643:
1598:
1748:
1564:
1721:(en: Władysław the Elbow-high against the background of his time), Wrocław: Ossolineum, 1951, p. 171) indicates that Władysław Łokietek began to be an heir to the Polish kingdom already in 1313, among others in a document from 10 November, which announced that the parish church in Brześć was being given to the Star Brethren and the hospital house of the Holy Ghost, and which was meant to be an igniter of military operations after a 5-year break in pursuing his pretensions to power in the whole of Greater Poland.
967:
624:, Władysław could not make it permanent. Soon Kraków was acquired by Henry IV Probus, and Władysław had to escape the city with the help of the Franciscans. In the second half of 1289 the Kujavian prince managed to consolidate his rule in the Duchy of Sandomierz. This resulted in a division of Lesser Poland back into the two distinct principalities (Kraków and Sandomierz), as they had been ruled by the same duke since Bolesław V the Chaste became High Duke in 1243.
1582:
1462:
652:, drove Władysław the Short first from Sandomierz, and in September of that same year surrounded him in a fortified Sieradz. The siege was soon successful, and Władysław and his brother Casimir II found themselves in captivity. On 9 October 1292 an agreement was signed under which Władysław and Casimir II were forced to renounce claims to Lesser Poland and to make fealty to the Czech ruler, in return for which they remained on their Kuyavian leases.
1613:
1307:. Three days later, in the morning, Polish troops numbering about 5,000 and led personally by King Władysław and his son Prince Casimir encountered the rear guard of the Teutonic Knights near Radziejów. Taking advantage of the surprise, the Poles defeated the enemy unit and took Dietrich von Altenburg, the commander of the expedition, as prisoner. In the afternoon, however, there was another clash near the village of
1174:. The expedition, despite the acquisition and burning of Płock, ended in failure, mainly because the Teutonic Order joined the war on the side of Wenceslaus, and soon after John of Bohemia, king of Bohemia, did likewise. Larger clashes with the opponents did not occur, but the King of Bohemia, taking advantage of military activity in Silesia, received a tribute from the princes of Upper Silesia in
2194:
628:
and may have been the result of a settlement between the princes. It is possible, however, that these relations could have been cool, and perhaps even hostile. Przemysł II mastered Wawel Castle without problems, but from the beginning he faced considerable internal opposition from within the principality of Kraków – some of whom supported Władysław the Short, while others supported
751:. = It was suspected, though denied by some historians, that Bishop Zaremba placed a curse of the church on Władysław. In addition, Archbishop Jakub Swinka, seeing that the Duke of Kuyavia was having problems with proper governance, began distancing himself from his earlier protege. In 1298, a meeting between the opposition from Greater Poland and Henry III of Głogow occurred in
1131:, and then in Brześć Kujavia, he began deliberations with the papal court to judge the case of the annexation of Gdańsk Pomerania by the Teutonic Knights. After hearing twenty-five witnesses for the Polish side, the judges released a decision favorable to the King on 9 February 1321. According to that decision, the Teutonic Order had to return Pomerania to Poland, pay 30,000
573:. In this contest, Władysław decided to support the former. Henry IV Probus, using the support of the powerful German patricians, mastered the capital city at the end of 1288. Bolesław II did not give up, however, and aided by support from Władysław, Władysław's brother Casimir II Łęczycki, and perhaps troops from Przemysł II, he attacked branches of the Probus coalition—
1322:. However, this time it was not possible for Władysław to reach an agreement with the Teutonic Knights. In 1332, the Knights organized a big military expedition under the command of Otto von Luteberg. This time the Polish forces were too thin to face the resistance of the Knights in the open field. On 20 April, after a nearly two-week siege,
826:. Success for the indomitable prince would have been short-lived, if not for several favorable circumstances. On 21 June 1305, Wenceslaus II, the Czech and Polish king, died unexpectedly and his inheritance passed to his only son, Wenceslaus III. Władysław took advantage of the situation perfectly, mastering the duchies of Sandomierz,
668:; for his part the archbishop was promised the revenues from the salt mines after Lesser Poland was won. The secret agreement, signed 6 January 1293, committed the three princes (the arrangement was also attended by Casimir II of Łęczyca) to mutual support in the effort to recover Kraków. At that time they probably developed a
441:
in Europe during the Middle Ages. In the past, some historians hypothesized that the nickname Łokietek had nothing to do with the physical appearance of prince Władysław, but contemptuously described the actual size and political importance of his hereditary domain among the other principalities ruled by the members of the
2080:(en: Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland), vol. II, no. 692. The documents bear the date of 6 January. The secrecy of this arrangement is demonstrated by the use of the term "heirs of Kraków" by the princes. For the sake of Wenceslaus II, explicitly using this title would threaten war, see Aleksander Swieżawski,
894:). Pomerelia, however, became subordinate to the rule of Władysław the Short as a result of an expedition at the end of 1306, accepting tribute from representatives of Pomeranian society in Byszewo. Control over this remote area had to be transferred to governors. Władysław no longer trusted the Pomeranian
445:, at least as compared to Łokietek's exaggerated ambitions. If this hypothesis is correct, Władysław Łokietek should be rather translated into English as Władysław the Petty. Jan Długosz may have easily misinterpreted the nickname, being chronologically remote to the political context of Łokietek's era.
1445:. Both numerals are retrospective assignments by later historians. "IV" comes from him being the fourth of that name to rule as overlord of the Polish, since Władysław I Herman. "I" comes from him having restored the monarchy after a fragmented era of a century or more, and also backwards-counting from
2034:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 135, takes an indirect position by assuming that an agreement between Przemysł II and Łokietek could not have taken place, because throughout the reign of Przemysł II in Kraków, the latter had consistently been called the prince of Kraków and Sandomierz.
1123:
Consent was given by Pope John XXII on 20 August 1319, though not directly due to the opposition of King John of
Bohemia, who also claimed the crown of Poland. The Pope was looking for a way to preserve the rights of Władysław and Poland without infringing on those of John and Bohemia, and found that
854:
on the
Bohemian throne resulted in a rally of knights in Kraków, which led to an official invitation to Władysław the Short to take power. There was a festive entrance to the capital of Lesser Poland on 1 September 1306, and this has been linked with the issuance of privilege for the city and for the
710:
For wealthy
Greater Poland, it became evident that the throne of Przemysł II deserved his closest ally, Prince Władysław of Kuyavia. The fact that Władysław the Short was known to dislike the Germans was not irrelevant, as they were generally regarded as the perpetrators of the murder of Przemsył II.
627:
On 23 June 1290, Henry IV Probus died, and
Przemysł II, Duke of Greater Poland, assumed the throne of Kraków. It is not known exactly how the relationship was between Przemysł II and Władysław I Łokietek, although it is very likely that they were friendly, as the division took place without bloodshed
440:
reached the interior of the king's tomb and found that the body was laid at the bottom of the burial chamber without a coffin. Subsequently, they were able to determine that Władysław I was 152-155 cm (5'0″-5'1″) tall, which meant that the king's height was just below that of an average person living
381:
as a fiefdom. To prevent his four sons from quarreling, Bolesław granted one province to each of them, while the
Seniorate Province was to be given to the eldest brother on the grounds of primogeniture. This decision was meant to forestall dynastic feuds and prevent the disintegration of the kingdom.
1707:
The legal grounds for the reign of the Bohemian Przemyślid dynasty were very weak, and were based on the claims of Leszek II the Black's widow Gryfina, which was not accepted by the Polish princes. But Wenceslaus II was supported by a solid military force, and so the Duke of Greater Poland preferred
1370:
Władysław the Short persistently pursued the goal of his life, to unite Poland. He was not, however, entirely successful, and his achievements did not come easily. Furthermore, if not for the unexpected deaths of his many stronger opponents: Leszek the Black, Henry IV Probus, Casimir II of Łęczycka,
1217:
In 1329 there was a resumption of warfare. John of Bohemia, with the help of the Teutonic Knights, took Dobrzyn, which he soon gave to his allies. Another loss was John's successful coercion of Wenceslas of Plock to pay homage to him. And so the Duke of Plock refused to accept the sovereignty of the
1161:
In 1323, the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV gave his son Louis V the March of Brandenburg. Pope John XXII therefore summoned his supporters to not allow the assumption of the Ascanian inheritance by the Bavarian House of Wittelsbach. With Lithuanian support, Władysław invaded Brandenburg on 10 February
1135:
in compensation for the collection of income from Pomerania, and pay for the cost of the process. The Teutonic Knights did not expect that such a judgment would be surrendered and filed an appeal. Under the influence of the actions of the procurator of the Teutonic Order in the Papal Curia, the Pope
686:
One year later (1294), it was already necessary to revise the plans approved in Kalisz, as Casimir II was killed while fighting against the Lithuanians. As a result, Łęczyca was added to the lands of Władysław the Short. On 26 June 1295, Przemysł II was crowned as the Polish king with the permission
557:
On 30 September 1288, Leszek II the Black, Duke of Kraków and Sieradz, died without issue, thus transferring power in the principality of Sieradz to his eldest half-brother, Władysław I Łokietek (his full brother Ziemomysł had already died in 1287). While Władysław now ruled over Brześć Kujawski and
523:
in 1279, Władysław, along with his younger brothers, recognized Leszek's sovereignty. This resulted in, among other things, the adoption of a coat of arms by all of the sons of Casimir I Kujawski: half-lion, half-eagle, and afterwards Władysław always served as an ally to his older half-brother. In
1153:
Three years later, the Polish-Hungarian alliance proved itself in Rus' Galicia. The last two princes descended from the dynasty of Rurik, Andrew of Galicia and Lev II of Galicia, were killed in battle. The allies decided to help the closest relative of the late princes—Bolesław George, the son of
1060:
received Gniezno and Kalisz, which they divided respectively one year later. This division formed a new territorial organization based on the cities, instead of the previous castellan division. This threatened the local elite, and so in 1314 the nobility and knights raised a rebellion against the
930:
Meanwhile, Gerward, the bishop of Kuyavia (Włocławek), appeared against the Peter Swienca family and demanded that they return episcopal income stolen from him when Peter was governor for the Czech Kingdom. Peter lost the arbitration process, which ordered him to return to the Bishop the enormous
695:
When Przemysł II was still alive Władysław I Łokietek married Jadwiga, daughter of Bolesław the Pious. There are three main theories among historians as to when the wedding took place. The most historic assumes that the marriage took place during the life of Jadwiga's father, and so no later than
1144:
Władysław's kingdom was now surrounded by three hostile forces: Brandenburg, the Teutonic Order, and the Luxembourg Kingdom of Bohemia. Looking for allies during the great European conflict between Pope John XXII and Ludwig Wittelsbach (Louis of Bavaria), Władysław the Short sided with the papal
742:
The division of Greater Poland that was agreed upon in Krzywiń did not address all of the contentious issues, especially in light of the fact that male heirs of Władysław the Short soon came into the world. The governments of Władysław I Łokietek in his part of Greater Poland were not successful
548:
monastic buildings. After this event Władysław again appeared in Mazovia, where he supported Bolesław II in combat with Konrad II, probably on behalf of Leszek II the Black. In retaliation for this action, Konrad II once again let the Lithuanian army pass through his land, which in 1287 besieged
1027:
was Albert, the mayor of Kraków, who called to the city Duke Bolko I of Opole. The rebels managed to control Kraków and gain the support of several other cities in Lesser Poland, but Wawel was saved by troops loyal to Władysław, which made the chances of a successful rebellion questionable. The
643:
Przemysł II finally gave up power over Kraków in mid-January of the following year (1291), and the principality then accepted the Czech monarch Wenceslaus II as their sovereign. Władysław decided to fight for Lesser Poland with the help of Hungarian troops granted to him by Andrew III. In 1292
1378:
the gigantic sum of 1.2 million Prague groschen to cede his rights to the Polish crown, or to speak with the biggest European rulers as equals, or develop an economically unified state. As in the case of Mieszko I and Boleslaw the Brave, the father lies in the shadow of his son and successor.
1103:
Around that time, Wladyslaw the Short also began efforts to obtain papal consent for a royal coronation. This plan was actively supported by the Polish church, led by Borzysław, the archbishop of Gniezno (the successor of Jakub Swinka who died in 1314), and Gerward, the bishop of Kuyavia
2328:
Jasinski, K., 2001. pp. 121–122. Possible date of the funeral was deduced from an incorrect date for Władysław's death as recorded in the Chronicle of Jan of Czarnków. The funeral probably took place in March, and certainly before the coronation of his son, Casimir, on April 25,
963:. In August 1307, Waldemar attacked Pomerelia. Resistance to the invaders on behalf of the Władysław the Short came from Bogusz, a Pomerelian judge who entrenched himself in the city of Gdańsk. It soon became clear, however, that his forces could not cope with the aggressors.
1023:, the new king of Bohemia. The reason for this state of affairs was the excessive (in their opinion) tax burden caused by the policy of unification of the Polish lands and the economic crisis associated with the loss of Pomerelia. At the head of the
508:, Duke of Mazovia, through whose land the Lithuanian invasion passed. Two years later, in 1279, Władysław I Łokietek was considered to be one of the contenders to succeed in Lesser Poland after the death of Bolesław V the Chaste, according to the
1288:. The main expedition was organized in September 1331. While the Knights went to meet at Kalisz as agreed, upon arrival there were no Czech troops present. John of Bohemia had stopped in Silesia, where he effectively stopped the resistance of
1218:
Polish monarch, and instead was dominated by a stranger. The Teutonic Knights, taking advantage of the fact that Kuyavia was not prepared for war, crossed the Vistula and burned and destroyed the bishoprics of Wloclawek, Raciąż, and Przedecz.
632:– and by mid-September 1290 Przemysł II left Kraków to return to Greater Poland. Meanwhile, in order to further increase his contemporary significance, Władysław gave his niece Fenenna (daughter of his half-brother Ziemomysł) in marriage to
696:
1279. The second theory, which now has the most supporters, is that the wedding took place between 1290 and 1293, possibly at the conclusion of the meeting in Kalisz in January 1293, and that in 1279 there was perhaps only an engagement (
687:
of the Pope. Władysław's response to this development is unknown. Unfortunately, the new king enjoyed his coronation for only seven months, as on 8 February 1296 Przemysł II was murdered, perhaps incited by the Margraves of Brandenburg.
1361:
to the west, along with Gdańsk Pomerania, Western Pomerania, and Mazovia to the north, still remained outside the kingdom's borders. Nevertheless, Władysław's reign was a major step on the road to restoration of the Kingdom of Poland.
1157:
The Lithuanian Duke Gediminas became another ally of the King Wladyslaw in 1325. This alliance was supported by the marriage between Gediminas's daughter Aldona (who adopted the baptismal name of Anna) and Władysław's son Casimir.
1154:
Trojden, Duke of Mazovia—in mastering the local throne. This effort led to increased Polish influence in Russia, which enabled the eventual takeover of the region by Wladyslaw's son and successor, Casimir III the Great.
382:
However, it proved inadequate, and began nearly two centuries of what it had sought to counteract: constant fighting and disorder. Władysław I succeeded in re-uniting most of these lands back into the kingdom of Poland.
504:, who, after the abduction of prisoners and seizure of loot, freely returned home. This was a result of being the proteges of Bolesław V the Chaste, who at this time was in the opposite political camp (proczeskim) from
838:
by the end of the year. The declining Czech government tried to support Wenceslaus III by organizing an expedition against Władysław. Again luck favored Władysław, as on 4 August 1306, Wenceslaus III was murdered in
432:" (a medieval unit of measure similar to a cubit, as in "elbow-high"). However, the origin and the intended meaning of the nickname are not certain. The earliest explanation appeared in a 15th-century chronicle by
1898:(en: Study of the divided kingdom. Prince Leszek the Black), Warsaw, 2000, p.295. With the fact that, while the older brothers immediately adopted the new coat-of-arms, Władysław began using it only in 1288.
1265:, the king agreed to a seven-month truce on 18 October 1330. Unfortunately, during this trip the alliance with the Duke of Lithuania was compromised as a result of a personal quarrel between Władysław and
1040:—who had claimed to be the successor of King Przemysł II and was the main competitor of Władysław the Short for the duchy of Greater Poland—died, leaving his district to be divided between his five sons.
1503:
Stefan (born between 1296 and 1300; died 1306) – probably honoring Stefan V, uncle of Jadwiga, or possibly St. Stephen; nevertheless, this name indicates a Hungarian influence. He was buried in the
775:. Władysław, however, did not keep the terms and conditions made in Klęka, and in July 1299 Wenceslaus II organized a military expedition that resulted in the Kujavian prince fleeing the country.
2030:
This derives from Pietras, T., 2001, p. 38, who claims that after the death of Henryk Probus "the struggle for Kraków between Przemysl II and Władysław Łokietek flared up". Swieżawski, A., in
1311:. The battle was not settled because of the withdrawal of some Polish troops with Prince Casimir, and in the confusion the Teutonic commander escaped from captivity. Though inconclusive, the
1019:
In 1311, Władysław the Short survived another crisis of his reign. This time the threat came from within Kraków, where the local German nobility said that they now supported and would obey
679:
to guarantee mutual inheritance in the event of the recovery of Kraków. The occasion of this congress may have also marked the marriage of Władysław the Short with Jadwiga, the daughter of
755:
to conclude an agreement under which, in return for renewed offices for the opposition in a future reunited duchy, they would support Henry's candidacy for the throne of Greater Poland.
870:(Gdańsk Pomerania). This unification campaign, however, encountered considerable difficulties. In Greater Poland, Władysław managed to only take control of the Kuyavia-border towns of
309:
Edict by Władysław the Short in 1325 confirming the Cistercians of Byszewo continue to have the same rights as under German law, and the continued ownership of their Abbey in Byszewo.
1136:
did not approve of the judgment of Inowrocław and the case was suspended. This gave the Holy See the opportunity to use the conflict for their own purposes in the subsequent years.
1303:
Unable to deliver a decisive blow to Władysław I Łokietek, the Knights decided on finally mastering Kuyavia. The night of 23–24 September saw the first major unresolved clash near
1654:
1075:
The recovery of Greater Poland allowed Władysław entry into broader international politics. In 1315, Poland concluded an alliance against Brandenburg with the three monarchies of
1337:
The loss of Kuyavia, which was his patrimony, was certainly very painful for Władysław, although in the same year, taking advantage of the death of Przemko II of Głogow, he took
935:. Despite a partial guarantee by Władysław the Short, the Swienca family was unable to pay such a sum; therefore, on 17 July 1307 they changed their allegiance from Władysław to
1627:
540:, a cousin of Przemysł, was discussed. The following year, in August, Władysław was present, along with Przemysl II and Ziemomysł of Kuyavia, when finalizing the reform of the
1145:
camp. Władysław's alliance with the Charles I Robert, king of Hungary, was strengthened in 1320 by Charles I Robert's marriage to Wladyslaw's daughter Elizabeth Łokietkówną.
1272:
In 1331, there was another armed expedition by the Teutonic Knights into Polish lands. This time, according to the action plan of the Order, the troops under the command of
664:
in January 1293 in order to develop strategies for removing the Czech government. The reconciliation of the opponents occurred as a result of the intervention of Archbishop
597:
1563:
1012:
The reason that Władysław the Short could not be involved directly in Pomerelian affairs was the unstable situation in Lesser Poland. The source of the unrest was
234:
Władysław I inherited a small portion of his father's domain, but his dominion grew as some of his brothers died young. He unsuccessfully tried to incorporate the
2480:
612:
for unknown reasons, and so Władysław the Short began to style himself the Duke of Kraków and Sandomierz. He occupied the capital of Lesser Poland (but without
660:
Their recent failures and the threat of Wenceslaus II prompted Przemysł II and Władysław, the existing Polish competitors for the throne of Kraków, to meet in
1353:
Władysław the Elbow-high died on 2 March 1333 at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, where he was buried in the cathedral, perhaps on 12 March of that year. His son,
2577:
1833:
2214:
2778:
1185:
in 1327 and the associated threat to border areas, possessions were exchanged between the king and his nephews. Between 28 May 1327 and 14 October 1328,
1504:
1374:
If not for the merits of his father, Casimir III would not have been able to have the threshold rule to pay the king of Bohemia and titular Polish king
794:, with whose magnates Władysław had allied relations. During that time, Władysław's spouse Jadwiga and their children stayed in Kuyavia in the town of
305:
1581:
763:
The real threat to Władysław's power actually came from the south. Wenceslaus II of Bohemia decided to crack down on the Duke of Kuyavia. In 1299 in
1911:(en: Przemysł II. Restorer of the Polish Crown), Poznan, 1997, p. 122. There is actually unanimity among historians that such a meeting took place.
1597:
1108:). The decision about the coronation was ultimately made during two rallies of nobles and knights; the first was held from 20 to 23 June 1318 in
1064:
The dukes were forced to come to terms with the loss of Greater Poland, as they remained only with part of the territories bordering the rivers
767:
an agreement was concluded under which Władysław the Short agreed to resubmit homage to Wenceslaus II, in return for which he would receive 400
1120:
with the documents. The successful arrangement featured a replacement method of calculating the papal pence on terms favorable for the papacy.
1730:
Although it is generally accepted that Władysław had three sons, doubts have been raised regarding Stefan's existence. See Jasiński, K. 2001.
3147:
1513:
2209:
2017:(en: Lesser Poland ruling elite in the face of rivalry for the Kraków throne in the years 1288–1306), Bydgoszcz 1992, p. 27; and Jurek, T.,
1950:(en: Annals, or Chronicles of the Famous Kingdom of Poland), vol. VII, p. 327 (under the year 1290, which was a mistake by the chronicler);
2913:
2908:
1867:
1510:
Władysław (born between 1296 and 1311; died 1312) – named after his father; he was buried, like Stefan, in the Franciscan Church of Kraków.
1769:
1357:, inherited Lesser Poland, the Duchy of Sandomierz, Greater Poland, Kuyavia, and the Duchies of Łęczyca and Sieradz. However, Silesia and
1095:
and Pomerania. The war broke out a year later; however, it did not bring success and only caused the destruction of frontier territories.
1642:
898:, so despite leaving Peter Swienca, the senior family member, as voivode, the role of governor was given to his two nephews (the sons of
284:
Perhaps his greatest achievement was gaining papal permission to be crowned king of Poland in 1320, which occurred for the first time at
3167:
512:. However, the nobility abided by Boleslaw's will, which had designated Władysław's elder half-brother Leszek II the Black as his heir.
1280:. In the middle of the year, Teutonic troops carrying out a reconnaissance effort entered Kuyavia and Greater Poland, including taking
1612:
806:
Władysław I Łokietek returned to Lesser Poland in 1304 with an army of his supporters, which, according to the 15th-century historian
397:. He was only third in seniority to be Duke of Kuyavia, however, as he had two older half-brothers from Casimir's second marriage to
2416:
1791:
1497:
936:
3077:
2818:
1674:
621:
2999:
3162:
2570:
1227:
281:, who then demanded an exorbitant sum, or the land itself as an alternative. This led to an extended conflict with the Knights.
219:
from 1320 to 1333, and duke of several of the provinces and principalities in the preceding years. He was a member of the royal
3157:
3102:
2076:, (en: Collection of documents from Lesser Poland), S. Kuraś and I. Sułkowska-Kuraś, eds., vol. IV, Wrocław 1969, no. 886, and
1326:, the capital of Kuyavia, fell. Soon the Teutonic Knights were also in the other main strongholds of province – Inowrocław and
1182:
41:
1037:
574:
735:, Henry III's eldest son. Also, regardless of the future birth of any sons of his own, Władysław agreed to give the duchy of
453:
In 1267, when Władysław I Łokietek was seven years old, his father Casimir died. At this time, Leszek II the Black inherited
1529:
Jadwiga (born between 1306 and 1309 or between 1311 and 1319; died 3 June between 1320 and 1335) – named after her mother.
3004:
1446:
1202:
1170:
Władysław I Łokietek organized another armed expedition the following year. This time the target was the subordination of
1441:
Later histories refer to him also as Władysław IV or Władysław I. There are no records to show that he actually used any
1237:
In 1330 the Teutonic Knights resumed hostilities. Crusaders successfully plundered cities in Kuyavia and Greater Poland:
561:
The death of Leszek initiated a struggle for supremacy in the duchies of Kraków and Sandomierz; the main candidates were
2793:
1186:
903:
778:
It is not known exactly where Władysław the Short lived during the years 1300–1304. According to tradition, he went to
2563:
3092:
1762:
1756:
1024:
474:
2903:
2114:
Casimir II of Łęczyca was killed on 10 June 1294 at the Battle of Trojanov against the Lithuanians. Balzer, Oswald,
1331:
1297:
1053:
1049:
911:
2888:
992:
in to help. At first it seemed that all went well, as the knights under Gunther von Schwarzburg, the commander of
470:
3039:
2935:
2848:
2742:
2530:
2064:(en: Establishment of a united Polish state at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries), Warsaw 1954, pp. 208–209
562:
525:
259:
247:
83:
2316:
1773:
1206:
883:
712:
3152:
2930:
1276:
were to coordinate with the expedition of King John of Bohemia. The two armies were to meet under the walls of
629:
436:, who speculated that the nickname referred to the short stature of the king. In 2019, a team of archeologists
2853:
2798:
2768:
2758:
2603:
988:
On the advice of the German prior of the Dominican Order in Gdańsk, Władysław I Łokietek decided to bring the
482:
318:
3067:
2968:
2883:
2753:
2726:
2685:
2594:
2586:
1493:
1246:
1127:
The year 1320 was important for the politics of Władysław I Łokietek for other reasons. On 14 April 1320 in
1057:
978:
899:
879:
649:
604:
is the place where the decision was made to send a letter to the Pope asking for the coronation of Władysław
414:
410:
398:
1315:
was important psychologically for the Poles as it convinced them that the Knights were not insurmountable.
493:. Władysław took responsibility for governing these territories in 1275, but they were actually held in a "
3097:
3087:
2748:
1489:
1273:
1198:
1171:
478:
317:, encountered an obstacle which impeded its development for nearly two hundred years. In the will of King
2823:
558:
Sieradz, Casimir II inherited the duchy of Łęczyca, and Siemowit assumed control of the land of Dobrzyń.
3137:
3029:
2958:
2828:
2803:
2675:
2547:
1530:
1523:
1354:
1041:
944:
732:
669:
633:
289:
216:
160:
93:
1474:
1323:
835:
680:
582:
486:
466:
1958:(en: Chronicle of Polish princes), in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, p. 536; and Musiał, S.,
866:
Another goal of Władysław I Łokietek was to regain the inheritance of Przemysł II: Greater Poland and
3142:
3072:
3009:
2991:
2923:
2245:(en: Władysław the Elbow-high against the background of his time), Wrocław: Ossolineum, 1951, p. 173.
1533:(1301–1339), Duke of Austria (1330–1339), may have applied for her hand in marriage, perhaps in 1331.
1517:
1112:, where a special supplication was prepared with a request to the Pope, and the second on 29 June in
851:
715:
as his heir. Neither party wanted bloody battles, and so an arrangement was made on 10 March 1296 in
674:
505:
386:
224:
186:
719:
in which Władysław agreed to give Henry III the part of Greater Poland west and south of the rivers
3047:
3024:
3019:
2858:
2833:
2808:
1571:
1485:
1312:
966:
860:
748:
589:(Przemko of Ścinawa died there), resulting in a great victory for the branches of Mazovia-Kuyavia.
402:
394:
274:
243:
228:
196:
164:
156:
971:
King Władysław the Elbow-high breaking off agreements with the Teutonic Knights at Brześć Kujawski
3062:
2976:
2843:
2787:
2763:
2736:
2474:
1289:
1258:
783:
609:
585:—who were returning to Silesia. On 26 February 1289, a bloody battle occurred on the fields near
346:
239:
3057:
1450:
235:
1962:(en: Battle of Siewierz and Greater Poland's participation in it), in: Krzyżaniakowa, J., ed.,
1394:
English translation: Vladislaus by the grace of God duke of the Kingdom of Poland, and lord of
1390:
Wladislaus Dei gracia, dux Regni Poloniae et dominus Pomeraniae, Cuiavie, Lanciciae ac Siradiae
3082:
2981:
2838:
2412:
2021:(en: Heir of the Kingdom of Poland, Henryk, prince of Głogów (1274–1309)), Poznań 1993, p. 14.
1863:
1478:
1470:
1461:
1045:
537:
528:, in a battle with Bolesław's brother, Konrad II, and during the expedition won the castle of
151:
144:
2427:
2863:
2813:
2199:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1543:
891:
601:
578:
541:
490:
481:. After the death of his father, Władysław was sent to Kraków to the court of his relative,
278:
1008:
Coping with internal opposition – Jan Muskata and the rebellion of mayor Albert (1308–1312)
2893:
2878:
1634:
1588:
1375:
1020:
744:
566:
374:
285:
132:
47:
17:
1954:(en: Tombstones of Silesian princes), in: Monumenta Poloniae Historica, vol. II, p. 713;
1416:
Wladislaus Dei gracia, rex Poloniae et dominus Pomeraniae, Cuiavie, Lanciciae ac Siradiae
1197:
in exchange for the Duchy of Sieradz. And probably at the turn of 1327/1328, the sons of
1105:
665:
313:
In 1138, the Kingdom of Poland, which had been growing in strength under the rule of the
277:, and left it to familial governors. For the defense of this territory, he turned to the
3052:
2868:
2631:
2537:
1132:
1117:
989:
932:
895:
807:
768:
731:. = Władysław also established his successor in the event he died without a male heir:
533:
509:
442:
433:
338:
267:
263:
176:
55:
2898:
743:
because banditry was spreading there and internal opposition grew stronger, headed by
3131:
3014:
2945:
2713:
2501:
2205:
2200:
1698:
In old Polish, an ell was a measure of length: one ell equaled 0.78 meters in length.
1679:
1442:
1319:
1128:
637:
462:
354:
314:
251:
220:
1429:
1403:
1338:
831:
608:
After the Battle of Siewierz, Bolesław II of Mazovia resigned from applying for the
536:, Duke of Greater Poland, in Sieradz in February 1284, the marriage of Władysław to
454:
366:
2155:
Zabiegi księcia kujawskiego Władysława Łokietka o tron krakowski w latach 1288–1293
1834:"Król Władysław Łokietek mocno różnił się od naszych wyobrażeń. Naukowcy zaskakują"
1342:
1257:
with the help of Lithuanians were the allies successful in besieging the castle of
1065:
847:, and the Kingdom of Bohemia was without a monarch and in the heat of a civil war.
720:
613:
500:
In October 1277, lands destined for his younger brother Casimir II were invaded by
473:
were held in regency by Euphrosyne on behalf of Władysław and his younger brothers
2703:
2670:
1924:(en: Study of the divided kingdom. Prince Leszek the Black), Warsaw, 2000, p. 448.
1293:
1238:
1190:
782:, where he took part in the celebration of the great jubilee of 1300 organized by
1222:
The war with the Teutonic Knights in Kuyavia and the Battle of Płowce (1330–1332)
273:
Władysław was a skilled military leader, but also an administrator; he conquered
2280:
2171:
2094:
1989:
1812:
1619:
1420:
English translation: Vladislaus by the grace of God king of Poland, and lord of
1358:
1231:
1092:
1076:
1013:
974:
856:
815:
485:(1st cousin once removed). In 1273 Władysław participated in the arbitration by
711:
However, there was a testament of Przemysł II, written about 1290, recognizing
497:" (collective property of the family community) with his two younger brothers.
2652:
1604:
1254:
993:
940:
907:
819:
811:
752:
716:
570:
545:
520:
489:, duke of Greater Poland, to reconcile him and his mother Euphrosyne with the
342:
70:
2317:
https://web.archive.org/web/20160207023813/http://archeozamki.pl/?page_id=111
2118:(en: Genealogy of the Piasts), Lviv 1895, p.342; and Swieżawski, Aleksander,
2015:
Małopolska elita władzy wobec rywalizacji o tron krakowski w latach 1288–1306
1526:(30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370), King of Poland (1333–1370).
1330:, the latter of which was destroyed on the orders of the prince of the land,
702:). The third theory posits a specific date of the marriage as 23 April 1289.
2721:
2645:
2617:
1546:
1421:
1395:
1327:
1266:
1242:
1194:
867:
795:
553:
Death of Leszek the Black and the struggle for control of Kraków (1288–1289)
501:
437:
378:
1966:(en: Przemysł II, renewal of the Polish kingdom), Poznań 1997, pp. 161–166.
1552:(The Crown of the Kings). He is a recurring character in the first season.
1308:
948:
915:
736:
529:
516:
350:
255:
117:
2060:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 148; and Baszkiewicz, J.,
1488:(born between 1295 and 1298; died 9 April 1331 or in 1333). Married first
2693:
2659:
2638:
2013:(en: Przemysł II: Restorer of the Polish Crown), p. 164; Nowakowski, T.,
1262:
1261:
in September. Then, under the besieged castle of the Teutonic Knights in
1069:
823:
787:
764:
728:
617:
586:
2218:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 765.
1209:—exchanged the principality of Dobrzyń for the principality of Łęczyca.
532:. It is also possible that at a meeting between Leszek II the Black and
2731:
2624:
2062:
Powstanie zjednoczonego państwa polskiego na przełomie XIII i XIV wieku
1433:
1425:
1407:
1399:
1285:
1250:
1109:
1080:
1001:
952:
882:, because the rest of the duchy had accepted the rule of his old enemy
875:
844:
840:
827:
791:
645:
458:
370:
358:
334:
330:
326:
171:
2698:
2665:
2610:
2555:
1281:
1277:
1113:
1088:
1084:
997:
982:
960:
887:
772:
661:
644:
Bohemian troops, through numerical superiority and with support from
524:
1280, Władysław militarily helped Leszek's ally, the Mazovian Prince
362:
121:
1226:
802:
Recovery of Kuyavia, Lesser Poland, and Gdańsk Pomerania (1304–1306)
2445:
God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795
2338:
She was the only wife of Władysław. See Jasiński, K. 2001, p. 122.
1304:
1225:
1175:
965:
919:
871:
724:
596:
304:
2019:
Dziedzic Królestwa Polskiego książę głogowski Henryk (1274–1309)
956:
779:
288:
in Kraków. Władysław died in 1333 and was succeeded by his son,
2559:
2270:(en: History of Poland. Middle Ages), Warsaw 2002, pp. 342–343.
2047:(en: Przemysł II: Restorer of the Polish Crown), pp. 171, 174.
1741:
1318:
Soon after these events, peace negotiations were initiated in
429:
1937:(en: Przemysł II: Restorer of the Polish Crown), 2007, p. 158
818:. Later that same year he was able to master the castles in
1860:
Dzieje Polski. T.2. 1202-1340. Od rozbicia do nowej Polski.
1149:
Expedition to Rus' and the war with Brandenburg (1323–1326)
926:
Annexation of Pomerelia by the Teutonic Knights (1307–1309)
2232:(en: History of Poland. Middle Ages), Kraków 2002, p. 343.
2122:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, pp. 149–150.
1878:
1876:
810:, consisted of more peasants than knights. He settled in
593:
Duke of Sandomierz and war with Wenceslaus II (1289–1292)
1284:(where there was a skirmish with the Polish troops) and
1516:(1305 – 29 December 1380) – the wife of
1148:
413:. He was named after his uncle, his mother's brother
262:
was murdered. He temporarily took control of part of
2084:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 150.
1979:(en: Przemysł II, Polish King), Warsaw 2006, p. 131.
1948:
Roczniki, czyli Kroniki Sławnego Królestwa Polskiego
1922:
Studium podzielonego królestwa. Książę Leszek Czarny
1896:
Studium podzielonego królestwa. Książę Leszek Czarny
515:
After Leszek II the Black's acquisition of power in
420:
In contemporary historical sources he was nicknamed
3038:
2990:
2967:
2943:
2922:
2777:
2712:
2684:
2593:
2467:
Pedigree of the Piasts of Lesser Poland and Kuyavia
2454:
Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary
616:), yet despite initial victories in the battles of
242:) in 1289, following the death of his half-brother
192:
182:
170:
150:
140:
127:
111:
103:
99:
89:
79:
69:
61:
54:
32:
1960:Bitwa pod Siewierzem i udział w niej Wielkopolan
1465:Ducal seal of Władysław the Elbow-high from 1315
739:to Henry IV Faithful when he reached adulthood.
246:and the withdrawal from contention of his ally
215:(c. 1260/1 – 2 March 1333), was
1345:, which had been held by the dukes of Głogow.
254:, Władysław regained several duchies and then
2571:
1587:In 1320 the King began the building of a new
1542:He is played by Wiesław Wójcik in the Polish
939:, and received from him in fief the towns of
706:Initial efforts in Greater Poland (1296–1298)
349:. The Seniorate Province initially comprised
250:. After a period in exile during the rule of
8:
2315:(en: Teutonic castle in Kowalewo Pomorskie)
1189:gave Wladyslaw the Duchy of Inowrocław with
1166:Failed attempt to master Mazovia (1327–1328)
3118:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
1964:Przemysł II, odnowienie królestwa polskiego
1946:For more on this battle, see: Długosz, J.,
771:and an eight-year income from the mines in
697:
385:Władysław I Łokietek was the oldest son of
325:), Poland was divided into five provinces:
2578:
2564:
2556:
2492:
2479:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
656:Collaboration with Przemysł II (1293–1296)
40:
29:
2463:Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich
1792:Learn how and when to remove this message
1520:(1288–1342), King of Hungary (1308–1342).
959:, and received in perpetuity the Land of
786:. Other places he might have stayed were
2395:
2383:
2347:
2300:
2254:
1882:
1755:This article includes a list of general
1460:
1449:who officially used the numeral III and
855:current leading advocate of Czech rule,
2243:Władysław Łokietek na tle swoich czasów
2045:Przemysł II. Odnowiciel korony polskiej
2011:Przemysł II: Odnowiciel korony polskiej
1935:Przemysł II: Odnowiciel korony polskiej
1909:Przemysł II. Odnowiciel korony polskiej
1804:
1719:Władysław Łokietek na tle swoich czasów
1691:
1559:
1181:In connection with the outbreak of the
814:with the help of the Hungarian magnate
2472:
2371:
798:in the guise of ordinary townspeople.
2359:
2313:Zamek krzyżacki w Kowalewie Pomorskim
544:, i.e., taking in the monks from the
461:six years earlier), Ziemomysł gained
7:
1032:Mastering Greater Poland (1309–1315)
1633:The tomb of the monarch inside the
1292:and resolved the unsettled case of
1249:. Only by a daring crossing of the
759:Flight from the country (1299–1304)
373:(maintained by the Dowager Duchess
357:, eastern Greater Poland including
2469:] (in Polish). Poznań-Wrocław.
1761:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1366:Legacy and assessment of the ruler
227:, and great-grandson of High-Duke
25:
2078:Kodeks Dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski
1498:Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
937:Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg
270:, lost it, and then regained it.
2192:
2144:Jasinski, K., 2001, pp. 122–123.
1746:
1653:
1641:
1626:
1618:Portrait of King Władysław I by
1611:
1596:
1580:
1562:
27:King of Poland from 1320 to 1333
1481:. They had six known children.
1341:in Greater Poland by the river
2268:Historia Polski. Średniowiecze
2230:Historia Polski. Średniowiecze
1840:(in Polish). 30 September 2022
1477:, Duke of Greater Poland, and
1414:Royal title after coronation:
1253:by Władysław and intrusion to
157:Kunigunde, Duchess of Świdnica
1:
2210:Wladislaus s.v. Wladislaus I.
2074:Zbiór dokumentów małopolskich
1648:Poland between 1275 and 1300.
1172:Wenceslaus, the duke of Płock
1116:. Bishop Gerward was sent to
890:which was occupied by prince
449:Prince in Kuyavia (1267–1288)
3148:14th-century Polish monarchs
3103:Stanisław August Poniatowski
2159:Zapiski Kujawsko-Dobrzyńskie
1675:History of Poland (966–1385)
1091:, as well as the duchies of
636:, the Hungarian king of the
563:Bolesław II, Duke of Mazovia
377:for her lifetime), and with
266:after the death of his ally
3078:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
2819:Władysław III Spindleshanks
1572:Crown of Bolesław the Brave
1505:Franciscan Church of Kraków
457:(he had already been given
424:, a diminutive of the word
165:Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary
46:Władysław's tomb effigy in
3184:
3168:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
2447:. Oxford University Press.
2409:Polskie koronacje i korony
1661:Władysław I on White Horse
1492:. Their children included
207:, in English known as the
18:Władysław I the Elbow-High
3111:
2909:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
2788:Senior or Supreme Princes
2544:
2535:
2527:
2522:
2495:
1952:Nagrobki książąt śląskich
1603:16th-century portrait by
1575:was made for Władysław I.
1453:who used the numeral IV.
1388:Title before coronation:
1230:Władysław I Łokietek, by
39:
2904:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
1956:Kronika książąt polskich
1332:Casimir III of Gniewkowo
1296:after the death of Duke
683:, uncle of Przemysł II.
630:Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
428:which means "elbow" or "
415:Władysław, Duke of Opole
3163:Dukes of Greater Poland
2884:Dukes of Greater Poland
2443:Davies, Norman (2005).
2215:Encyclopædia Britannica
2120:Przemysł II Król Polski
2082:Przemysł II Król Polski
2058:Przemysł II Król Polski
2032:Przemysł II Król Polski
1977:Przemysł II Król Polski
1776:more precise citations.
1203:Władysław the Hunchback
727:up to the mouth of the
650:Margrave of Brandenburg
323:Bolesław III Krzywousty
3158:Polish Roman Catholics
3088:Augustus II the Strong
3005:Władysław III of Varna
2889:Dukes of Little Poland
2794:Władysław II the Exile
2749:Casimir I the Restorer
2743:Bolesław the Forgotten
2430:, Małgorzta Woszczenko
1708:not to risk a dispute.
1466:
1274:Dietrich von Altenburg
1234:
1213:Loss of Dobrzyń (1329)
1187:Przemysł of Inowrocław
1099:Coronation (1315–1320)
985:
850:The death of the last
698:
605:
310:
248:Bolesław II of Masovia
115:2 March 1333 (aged 72)
3030:Sigismund II Augustus
3000:Władysław II Jagiełło
2977:Louis I the Hungarian
2959:Casimir III the Great
2854:Bolesław V the Chaste
2829:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
2799:Bolesław IV the Curly
2769:Bolesław III Wrymouth
2676:Piast the Wheelwright
2548:Casimir III the Great
2497:Władysław I Łokietek
2461:Jasiński, K. (2001).
1524:Casimir III the Great
1464:
1355:Casimir III the Great
1229:
1052:received Poznań, and
969:
733:Henry IV the Faithful
699:matrimonium de futuro
600:
483:Bolesław V the Chaste
393:) and his third wife
319:Bolesław III Wrymouth
308:
290:Casimir III the Great
161:Casimir III of Poland
94:Casimir III the Great
3073:John II Casimir Vasa
2992:Jagiellonian dynasty
2954:Władysław I Łokietek
2754:Bolesław II the Bold
2727:Bolesław I the Brave
2281:"Władysław Łokietek"
2172:"Władysław Łokietek"
2135:, Lviv 1895, p. 440.
2095:"Władysław Łokietek"
1990:"Władysław Łokietek"
1813:"Władysław Łokietek"
1494:Bolko II of Świdnica
1290:Bolko II of Świdnica
1036:On 9 December 1309,
399:Constance of Wrocław
391:Kazimierz I Kujawski
387:Casimir I of Kuyavia
225:Casimir I of Kuyavia
205:Władysław I Łokietek
187:Casimir I of Kuyavia
33:Władysław I Łokietek
3025:Sigismund I the Old
2969:Capet-Anjou dynasty
2859:Leszek II the Black
2849:Bolesław the Horned
2809:Casimir II the Just
2804:Mieszko III the Old
2452:Engel, Pál (2005).
2398:, pp. 161–163.
1717:E. Długopolski (in
1496:. Married secondly
1490:Bernard of Świdnica
1199:Siemowit of Dobrzyń
1183:Polish-Teutonic War
1038:Henry III of Głogów
906:became governor of
884:Henry III of Głogów
713:Henry III of Głogów
575:Henry III of Głogów
403:Leszek II the Black
395:Euphrosyne of Opole
365:, western Kuyavia,
244:Leszek II the Black
229:Casimir II the Just
213:Ladislaus the Short
197:Euphrosyne of Opole
35:Ladislaus the Short
3063:Sigismund III Vasa
2914:Dukes of Pomerania
2844:Henry II the Pious
2759:Władysław I Herman
2737:Mieszko II Lambert
2587:Monarchs of Poland
2133:Genealogia Piastów
2116:Genealogia Piastów
1538:In popular culture
1479:Jolenta of Hungary
1475:Bolesław the Pious
1473:, the daughter of
1469:Władysław married
1467:
1447:Władysław of Varna
1259:Kowalewo Pomorskie
1235:
1178:in February 1327.
1021:John of Luxembourg
986:
784:Pope Boniface VIII
681:Bolesław the Pious
670:survival agreement
610:Seniorate Province
606:
583:Przemko of Ścinawa
487:Bolesław the Pious
347:Seniorate Province
311:
240:Seniorate Province
223:, the son of Duke
3125:
3124:
3083:John III Sobieski
3068:Władysław IV Vasa
3040:Elective monarchy
2924:Přemyslid dynasty
2839:Henry the Bearded
2554:
2553:
2545:Succeeded by
2241:Długopolski, E.,
1802:
1801:
1794:
1471:Jadwiga of Kalisz
542:Sulejów monastery
202:
201:
145:Jadwiga of Kalisz
16:(Redirected from
3175:
2899:Dukes of Kuyavia
2894:Dukes of Masovia
2879:Dukes of Silesia
2864:Henryk IV Probus
2824:Władysław Odonic
2814:Leszek the White
2580:
2573:
2566:
2557:
2528:Preceded by
2518:
2511:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2470:
2457:
2448:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2405:
2399:
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2198:
2196:
2195:
2189:
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2178:
2168:
2162:
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2145:
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2136:
2129:
2123:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2091:
2085:
2071:
2065:
2056:Swieżawski, A.,
2054:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1986:
1980:
1975:Swieżawski, A.,
1973:
1967:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1871:
1868:978-837553-196-1
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1809:
1797:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1772:this article by
1763:inline citations
1750:
1749:
1742:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1657:
1645:
1630:
1615:
1600:
1584:
1566:
1544:historical drama
1518:Charles I Robert
1313:Battle of Płowce
1140:Alliances (1320)
973:, a painting by
931:amount of 2,000
892:Bolko I of Opole
861:bishop of Kraków
749:bishop of Poznań
701:
678:
648:princes and the
579:Bolko I of Opole
491:Teutonic Knights
345:Region, and the
279:Teutonic Knights
275:Gdańsk Pomerania
44:
30:
21:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3153:Kings of Poland
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3107:
3058:Stephen Báthory
3048:Henry of Valois
3034:
2986:
2963:
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2411:, Kraków 1987.
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2208:, ed. (1911). "
2204:
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2169:
2165:
2161:6, 1988, p. 52.
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1778:
1768:Please help to
1767:
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1734:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1671:
1664:
1663:by M. Barwicki.
1658:
1649:
1646:
1637:
1635:Wawel Cathedral
1631:
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1616:
1607:
1601:
1592:
1589:Wawel Cathedral
1585:
1576:
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1558:
1540:
1459:
1385:
1376:John of Bohemia
1368:
1351:
1224:
1215:
1168:
1151:
1142:
1101:
1034:
1010:
979:National Museum
928:
836:Brześć Kujawski
804:
761:
745:Andrzej Zaremba
708:
693:
672:
658:
595:
567:Henry IV Probus
555:
467:Brześć Kujawski
451:
375:Salomea of Berg
303:
298:
286:Wawel Cathedral
236:Duchy of Kraków
163:
159:
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133:Wawel Cathedral
116:
75:20 January 1320
50:
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2936:Wenceslaus III
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2686:Proto-historic
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2538:King of Poland
2534:
2531:Wenceslaus III
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2499:
2496:
2490:
2489:External links
2487:
2486:
2485:
2458:
2456:. I.B. Tauris.
2449:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2407:Rożek Michał,
2400:
2388:
2386:, p. 163.
2376:
2364:
2362:, p. 137.
2352:
2350:, p. 154.
2340:
2331:
2321:
2305:
2303:, p. 174.
2293:
2272:
2259:
2257:, p. 118.
2247:
2234:
2221:
2206:Chisholm, Hugh
2184:
2163:
2153:Tęgowski, J.,
2146:
2137:
2124:
2107:
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2002:
1981:
1968:
1939:
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1569:The so-called
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1535:
1534:
1531:Otto the Merry
1527:
1521:
1511:
1508:
1501:
1458:
1455:
1451:Władysław Vasa
1439:
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896:Swienca family
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689:
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510:Hypatian Codex
450:
447:
443:House of Piast
438:endoscopically
339:Greater Poland
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264:Greater Poland
260:Wenceslaus III
217:King of Poland
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177:House of Piast
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3018:
3016:
3015:John I Albert
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
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2974:
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2970:
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2957:
2955:
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2951:
2949:
2947:
2946:Piast dynasty
2942:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Wenceslaus II
2929:
2927:
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2921:
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2912:
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2779:Fragmentation
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2728:
2725:
2723:
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2719:
2717:
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2714:Piast dynasty
2711:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
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2576:
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2549:
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2523:Royal titles
2521:
2516:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2502:Piast dynasty
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2424:
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2417:83-03-01914-7
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2396:Jasiński 2001
2392:
2389:
2385:
2384:Jasiński 2001
2380:
2377:
2374:, p. 77.
2373:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2348:Jasiński 2001
2344:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2301:Jasiński 2001
2297:
2294:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2255:Jasiński 2001
2251:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2201:public domain
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2173:
2167:
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2125:
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2059:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:Nowacki, B.,
2040:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2009:Nowacki, B.,
2006:
2003:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:Nowacki, B.,
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:Żmudzki, P.,
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:Nowacki, B.,
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:Żmudzki, P.,
1891:
1888:
1884:
1883:Jasiński 2001
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1839:
1835:
1829:
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1814:
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1727:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1685:
1681:
1680:List of Poles
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1550:Korona królów
1548:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
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1491:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:regnal number
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
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2131:Balzer, O.,
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614:Wawel Castle
607:
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425:
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353:and western
322:
312:
283:
272:
233:
212:
209:"Elbow-high"
208:
204:
203:
3143:1333 deaths
3093:Stanisław I
2869:Przemysł II
2372:Davies 2005
2266:Szczur S.,
2228:Szczur S.,
1858:Nowak, A.,
1844:22 December
1782:August 2020
1774:introducing
1620:Jan Matejko
1359:Lubusz Land
1232:Jan Matejko
1093:Mecklenburg
1077:Scandinavia
1014:Jan Muskata
975:Jan Matejko
912:Casimir III
857:Jan Muskata
816:Amadeus Aba
808:Jan Długosz
673: [
534:Przemysł II
526:Bolesław II
502:Lithuanians
434:Jan Długosz
268:Przemysł II
80:Predecessor
3132:Categories
3010:Casimir IV
2653:Leszko III
2542:1320–1333
2360:Engel 2005
1757:references
1738:References
1605:Anton Boys
1320:Inowrocław
1298:Przemko II
1129:Inowrocław
812:Sandomierz
634:Andrew III
569:, Duke of
521:Sandomierz
475:Casimir II
463:Inowrocław
343:Sandomierz
301:Background
71:Coronation
3020:Alexander
2944:Restored
2876:See also:
2722:Mieszko I
2704:Siemomysł
2671:Chościsko
2666:Popiel II
2646:Leszko II
2618:Krakus II
2595:Legendary
2475:cite book
1686:Footnotes
1547:TV series
1514:Elizabeth
1486:Kunigunde
1422:Pomerania
1396:Pomerania
1328:Gniewkowo
1267:Gediminas
1243:Bydgoszcz
1239:Radziejów
1195:Bydgoszcz
1191:Wyszogród
1106:Włocławek
900:Ziemomysł
868:Pomerelia
852:Přemyslid
796:Radziejow
549:Dobrzyń.
506:Konrad II
411:Ziemomysł
379:Pomerelia
90:Successor
65:1320–1333
2834:Konrad I
2764:Zbigniew
2694:Siemowit
2660:Popiel I
2639:Leszko I
2611:Krakus I
2286:29 March
2177:29 March
2100:29 March
1995:29 March
1870:. p.260.
1818:29 March
1669:See also
1263:Lipienek
1207:Bolesław
1133:grzywnas
1054:Bolesław
945:Polanowo
933:grzywnas
904:Przemysł
886:(except
788:Ruthenia
769:grzywnas
691:Marriage
646:Silesian
622:Święcica
587:Siewierz
495:niedzial
479:Siemowit
422:Łokietek
135:, Kraków
3116:Italics
2982:Jadwiga
2732:Bezprym
2625:Lech II
2203::
1770:improve
1556:Gallery
1434:Sieradz
1430:Łęczyca
1426:Kuyavia
1408:Sieradz
1404:Łęczyca
1400:Kuyavia
1339:Zbąszyń
1286:Gniezno
1255:Chełmno
1118:Avignon
1110:Sulejow
1081:Denmark
1050:Przemko
1002:Malbork
994:Chełmno
977:in the
953:Tuchola
941:Darłowo
908:Świecie
845:Moravia
841:Olomouc
832:Łęczyca
828:Sieradz
820:Wiślica
792:Hungary
753:Kościan
717:Krzywiń
571:Wrocław
546:Wąchock
538:Jadwiga
471:Dobrzyń
459:Sieradz
455:Łęczyca
371:Sieradz
367:Łęczyca
359:Gniezno
335:Kuyavia
331:Mazovia
327:Silesia
2781:period
2699:Lestek
2604:Lech I
2513:
2510:1260/1
2428:Kraków
2415:
2197:
1866:
1838:Wprost
1759:, but
1457:Family
1324:Brześć
1309:Płowce
1294:Głogów
1282:Pyzdry
1278:Kalisz
1245:, and
1114:Pyzdry
1089:Norway
1087:, and
1085:Sweden
1058:Konrad
1048:, and
1025:revolt
998:Venice
983:Warsaw
961:Slupsk
955:, and
949:Sławno
916:Gdańsk
888:Wielun
878:, and
859:, the
834:, and
773:Olkusz
747:, the
737:Poznań
662:Kalisz
581:, and
565:, and
530:Jazdów
517:Kraków
465:, and
426:łokieć
409:) and
363:Kalisz
351:Kraków
341:, the
256:Kraków
193:Mother
183:Father
141:Spouse
128:Burial
122:Poland
118:Kraków
107:1260/1
2632:Wanda
2515:Died:
2508:Born:
2465:[
2329:1333.
1349:Death
1305:Konin
1247:Nakło
1176:Opava
1070:Noteć
1042:Henry
920:Tczew
914:took
880:Nakło
872:Konin
824:Lelów
765:Klęka
729:Noteć
725:Warta
677:]
618:Skała
238:(the
172:House
152:Issue
62:Reign
48:Wawel
2481:link
2413:ISBN
2288:2020
2179:2020
2102:2020
1997:2020
1864:ISBN
1846:2023
1820:2020
1432:and
1406:and
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1205:and
1193:and
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1056:and
957:Nowe
918:and
910:and
876:Koło
822:and
790:and
780:Rome
723:and
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1500:.
1201:—
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