580:, where he spent his remaining days. At the end of WWII, Durant predicted an economic boom and that the possibilities for consumer goods were almost limitless. The final moneymaking scheme he backed before his death was a hair tonic venture. Although Durant's mental faculties were unimpaired to the end and he attempted to work on his memoirs, complications from the stroke gradually robbed him of his ability to speak coherently. He attempted to travel back to Flint in 1946, but his health had deteriorated to the point where this was impossible. He became comatose on March 13, 1947, and died a few days later. By the time of his death, the Durants were bankrupt and had to sell off most of their collection of paintings and other valuables to pay for his medical expenses. He was interred in a private mausoleum in
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357:"They say I shouldn't have bought Cartercar. Well, how was anyone to know that Carter wasn't to be the thing? It had the friction drive and no other car had it. How could I tell what these engineers would say next?" By the time Durant had regained control of General Motors in 1916, the GM board had already decided to discontinue the Cartercar, largely because sales never approached the 1000-2000 annually that Durant had predicted. The GM board decided to use the factory instead to produce the Oakland.
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315:(eventually replaced by Pontiac), along with many parts-manufacturing companies, paint and varnish companies, and other accessory manufacturers owned by General Motors. By 1910, the rapid-fire acquisitions Durant had made caught up with the business, which caused Durant and the corporation to have become grossly overextended with so many imprudent acquisitions. The corporation faced a cash shortage, and in the aftermath, Durant was forced out of the company.
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Durant was highly skeptical of automobiles, feeling that the bad smell of burnt fuel, along with the engines' loud sounds, made them inherently dangerous to the point where he would not let his daughter ride in one. By 1900, public outcry over weak government regulation of gasoline-powered horseless
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After the fall of Durant Motors, Durant and his second wife, Catherine
Lederer Durant, lived on a pension provided by R. S. McLaughlin, and Messrs. Marr and Dupont as arranged by Alfred P. Sloan at $ 10,000.00 ($ 217,482 in 2023 dollars ) a year on behalf of General Motors. He then opened a bowling
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company. In 1914, a disagreement with Louis
Chevrolet resulted in Durant buying out his partner. Durant went to McLaughlin in 1915 to put Chevrolet in Canada and with the shares being bought up at 5-to-1 and 7-to-1, McLaughlin and Durant with other shareholders had enough stock to reclaim Durant's
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As he had with
General Motors, Durant acquired a range of companies whose cars were aimed at different markets, and therefore, levels of affordability and luxury. The lowest ('entry' tier) was the Star, aimed at the person who would otherwise buy the Ford Model T. Durant cars were mid-market, and
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mine, hoping the US government would subsidize it through defense contracts, although this ultimately proved a pipe dream. The 80 year old Durant made an exhausting climb on foot to the mine entrance to inspect it and after returning to Flint a few days later, he suffered a stroke that left him
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With Buick as a base, Durant envisioned creating a large automobile company that would manufacture several makes and control subsidiary component-making companies, much as Durant-Dort had done in the carriage-making world. Durant founded
General Motors Holding Company on September 16, 1908 and
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after his father abandoned the family in 1869. They lived with
Rebecca's sister, Rhoda, and her husband James Wilson. William dropped out of high school to work in his grandfather's lumberyard. He started out as a cigar salesman in and eventually founded his own carriage company.
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carriages was significant. Durant noticed the general public's anger at this situation, and rather than relying on government regulations to improve their safety, he saw it as an opportunity to create a company which could improve the safety of this new class of transportation.
387:, which was beginning the start of its impending popularity. Unsatisfied with this approach, he dropped it. In Canada, on 30 September 1910, after obtaining a loan of $ 52,935.25 ($ 1,730,983 in 2023 dollars ) (cosigned by R S McLaughlin), went into partnership with
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The venture proved highly successful for Durant, and he was able to buy enough shares in GM to regain control, becoming its president in 1916. During his presidency (1916–1920), Durant brought the
Chevrolet product line into the corporation (1919), as well as
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and used the financial and manufacturing resources of Durant-Dort to correct Buick's course. With Durant pushing and marketing the Buick name, the company was able to become the best-selling automobile in
America, outperforming earlier leaders
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old job. McLaughlin had no problem with his friend back at the helm; he went on building
Chevrolet and built his Buicks in Canada without conflict with his Buick contract. General Motors Corporation was started at this time with Durant putting
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Drawing on experience gleaned in the carriage-making business 20 years earlier, Durant assembled a collection of parts and components manufacturers (Hyatt Roller
Bearing, New Departure Manufacturing, Dayton Engineering Laboratories (later
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on
December 8, 1861. He was the second child of William Clark Durant and Rebecca Folger Durant (née Crapo), who was born to a wealthy Massachusetts family of French descent. His mother, Rebecca, was the daughter of Michigan governor
635:. The 54-room mansion burned to the ground under mysterious circumstances on February 6, 1931. The Durants never inhabited it. Arson was suspected, allegedly at the hands of trade unionists, whom Durant had refused to recognize.
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the president. In 1918, United Motors was sold to General Motors for $ 44,065,000 ($ 892,608,717 in 2023 dollars ). Sloan rose to president of GM in the 1920s, going on to build the company into the world's largest automaker.
567:, working the kitchen in person. Durant predicted that family-friendly entertainment venues would be big business in the coming years and he hoped to expand to a chain of 30 bowling alleys. In 1942, Durant traveled to
322:'s eponymous company in 1911, with J. Dallas Dort as the vice-president and director of the company. In 1913, Dort stepped down as vice-president of Chevrolet, and in 1914 Durant disposed of his share of the
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When Durant became financially overextended and banking interests assumed control, forcing him out of GM Holding, in 1910, he immediately set out to create "another GM", starting with the
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exchanged a large parcel of Buick stock for a matching parcel of McLaughlin stock making McLaughlin one of General Motors' biggest shareholders. On November 12, 1908, Durant purchased
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240:, eventually transforming $ 2,000 ($ 67,822 in 2023 dollars ) in start-up capital into a $ 2-million company with worldwide sales ($ 67,822,222 in 2023 dollars ). By 1890, the
283:, and despite having no manufacturing line and only a few extant cars, orders tallied over 1100 - all of this by the time of the 1905 New York Automobile Show. Durant and
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412:. In 1920, he finally lost control of GM to the DuPont and McLaughlin shareholders, paying out $ 21,000,000 ($ 319,395,349 in 2023 dollars ) back to his friends.
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the company's entire structure was purposefully very similar with GM; the Princeton line (designed, prototyped, and marketed but never produced) competed with
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Durant consolidated 13 car companies and 10 parts-and-accessories manufacturers under the new holding company's control in 1908. In 1909, Durant's GM bought
650:. All that remains of the castle and private airstrip are the old foundation works. Today, a canoe landing and short history of the castle are on the site.
646:), an automotive executive. Upon his death, it was bequeathed to the State of Michigan as a nature preserve, the Mason Tract, which covers a portion of the
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
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Durant had arranged an $ 8 million deal to buy Ford in 1909, but the bankers turned him down and the board of directors of General Motors dismissed him.
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American Military Vehicles of World War I: An Illustrated History of Armored Cars, Staff Cars, Motorcycles, Ambulances, Trucks, Tractors and Tanks
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and other financial giants to buy large quantities of stocks, against the advice of friends, to demonstrate to the public their confidence in the
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After Lea's mysterious disappearance in 1934, and Cliff's death in 1937, Cliff's fourth wife, Charlotte Phillips Durant, sold the land to
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From his holdings in Durant-Dort Carriage Company, Durant was a millionaire. On November 1, 1904, he assumed control of the troubled
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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To begin this massive endeavor, Durant first set out to purchase Buick, then a local car company with few sales and large debts.
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Billy, Alfred, and General Motors: The Story of Two Unique Men, a Legendary Company, and a Remarkable Time in American History
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326:. By 1916, Durant had leveraged Chevrolet's sales to regain control of General Motors, and he went on to lead GM until 1920.
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in 1917, Durant, who detested war, declared that GM would not participate in defense work. He ran afoul of Cadillac founder
287:, McLaughlin's being the largest carriage manufacturer in Canada, signed a 15-year contract to build Buick power trains at
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959:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Durant-Dort Carriage Company Office / Arrowhead Veterans Club"
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While in charge of Chevrolet, Durant created other companies, including Republic Motors, mainly to produce Chevrolet.
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in charge, with McLaughlin Director and Vice President of the newly incorporated General Motors Corporation in 1918.
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being top of the line. Durant was unable to duplicate his former success, and the financial woes of the
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1204:"Full text of "The turning wheel; the story of General Motors through twenty-five years, 1908-1933""
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Durant, center, chatting with President Hinz of the Lowell, Massachusetts, Automobile Club in 1909
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car, named after its founder, William H. Little. His initial intention was to compete with the
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Pelfrey, William. Billy, Alfred, and General Motors (New York, New York: AMACOM, 2006), p.151.
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Sherosky, Frank (December 23, 2009). "Remembering Josiah Dallas Dort and his automobile".
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foresaw the automobile becoming a mass-market item. Ford followed the course of the basic
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History of Genesee County, Michigan: Her People, Industries and Institutions, Volume 1
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555:. His effort proved costly and failed to stop the market slide. By 1936, Durant was
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171:(December 8, 1861 – March 18, 1947) was a leading pioneer of the United States
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partially paralyzed. He was forced to move with his wife to an apartment in
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902:"Billy Durant and the Founding of General Motors [Mackinac Center]"
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Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II,
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ultimately proved to be insurmountable, and the company failed in 1933.
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Durant conceived the modern system of automobile dealer franchises.
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1141:, Garden City, New York, USA: Garden City Publishing Company, Inc.
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and by the start of the 20th century, was the largest in the US.
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354:. In explaining the reason he purchased Cartercar, Durant said:
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427:, which received contracts to build Liberty aircraft engines.
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The Dream Maker: William C. Durant, Founder of General Motors
715:"GW and Foggy Bottom Historical Encyclopedia: Margery Durant"
224:, who was also of French descent. Durant's family moved to
694:"University of Michigan-Flint: Henry Howland Crapo Family"
1286:
The Deal Maker: How William C. Durant Made General Motors
611:, where he maintained a summer home, is named after him.
342:
On October 26, 1909, General Motors Holding acquired the
244:, based in Flint, had become a leading manufacturer of
183:. He created a system in which a company held multiple
2631:(1999–2012 under all of GM, Chevrolet only since 2012)
1224:"Library of Congress: William Crapo Durant, 1861-1947"
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539:In the 1920s, Durant became a major "player" on
1349:Billy Durant and the Founding of General Motors
2815:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
990:Accompanying three photos, exterior, from 1977
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2765:American founders of automobile manufacturers
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590:Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame
318:But Durant would not be bowed, and he backed
8:
30:For the historian William James Durant, see
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475:In 1921, Durant established a new company,
27:American automotive businessman (1861–1947)
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1323:Rae, John B. "The Fabulous Billy Durant."
1168:pp. 18, 26-7, Random House, New York, NY.
773:. Victoria, BC: FriesenPress. p. 69.
741:"Flint Timeline Project-Flint Wagon Works"
588:, New York City. He was inducted into the
47:
36:
798:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 133.
1044:"November 12, 1908 - GM buys Oldsmobile"
1307:Billy Durant: Creator of General Motors
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873:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
659:
346:Company, founded four years earlier in
1109:"Happy 100th Birthday, General Motors"
1062:Detroit Automotive Technology Examiner
1015:. AMACOM. pp. 83–85, 95–96, 106.
978:
967:
668:"Invisible Manor History: Early Owner"
1338:. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979. Print.
871:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
619:During the late 1920s, Durant's son,
7:
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1151:. Original is public domain in U.S.
764:
762:
760:
934:Yates, Brock. "10 Best Moguls", in
900:Dr. Burton W. Folsom (1998-09-08).
2573:General Motors Research Laboratory
1143:Various republications, including
957:Christian, Ralph J. (March 1977).
535:The mausoleum of William C. Durant
25:
2780:People in the automobile industry
2770:American people of French descent
1849:Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines
1081:, Federal Publishers, p. 778
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2699:Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle
1808:
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1309:. University of Michigan Press.
1275:Billy, Alfred and General Motors
631:, along the south branch of the
1252:"GM: Its rise, fall and future"
621:Russell Clifford (Cliff) Durant
232:In 1886, Durant partnered with
1153:Also available at Google Books
563:alley/fast food restaurant in
1:
1359:Durant Motors Automobile Club
1250:Quinn, James (May 31, 2009).
607:. Likewise, Durant Square in
452:Harrison Radiator Corporation
448:Delco Electronics Corporation
143:Catherine Lederer (1886–1947)
2820:Businesspeople from Michigan
2775:American automotive pioneers
1568:Durant-Dort Carriage Company
865:American Antiquarian Society
845:American Antiquarian Society
601:Waterford Durant High School
599:, is named after him, as is
464:Hyatt Roller Bearing Company
415:Following the US entry into
324:Durant-Dort Carriage Company
242:Durant-Dort Carriage Company
2805:People from Flint, Michigan
1457:1921–1932 Historic vehicles
547:joined with members of the
527:Wall Street and later years
499:, for Canadian production.
2841:
2800:Businesspeople from Boston
2705:Concept of the Corporation
2662:Motors Liquidation Company
2148:Chevrolet-Saturn of Harlem
29:
2825:Automotive businesspeople
2810:General Motors executives
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1305:Gustin, Lawrence (2008).
1273:Pelfrey, William (2007).
1190:October 17, 2008, at the
1075:Wood, Edwin Orin (1916),
1009:Pelfrey, William (2006).
517:Wall Street Crash of 1929
433:He was inducted into the
46:
964:. National Park Service.
2657:Ignition switch recalls
2548:GM Building (Manhattan)
2451:North American Aviation
2367:Holden Special Vehicles
2217:Electronic Data Systems
2185:Delta Motor Corporation
1375:Hear Billy Durant speak
1334:Weisberger, Bernard A.
1325:Business History Review
771:Durant's Right-Hand Man
435:Automotive Hall of Fame
238:Flint Road Cart Company
160:Russell Clifford Durant
2652:Companion make program
2538:GM Building (Broadway)
2391:Hughes Network Systems
977:Cite journal requires
769:Arculus, Paul (2011).
614:
536:
511:, the ultra-luxurious
391:in 1911, starting the
363:Both Durant and rival
339:
2543:GM Building (Detroit)
2209:Electro-Motive Diesel
1791:GM Specialty Vehicles
1700:Chevrolet Performance
1366:at www.durantcars.com
1354:Durant, William Crapo
1327:(1958) 32#3: 255-271
1282:Madsen, Axel (2000).
794:Mroz, Albert (2009).
745:www.cockleburcamp.com
648:Au Sable State Forest
534:
487:(also called Rugby),
456:United Motors Company
425:Lincoln Motor Company
337:
175:industry, founder of
74:Boston, Massachusetts
2677:Streetcar conspiracy
2409:Kettering University
2265:Ghandhara Industries
2249:Fleetwood Metal Body
2111:Allison Transmission
1715:GM Certified Service
1290:. Wiley Publishing.
1277:. Amacom Publishing.
623:and his third wife,
441:Vertical integration
246:horse-drawn vehicles
169:William Crapo Durant
60:William Crapo Durant
2553:GM Technical Center
2422:National City Lines
1739:Global subsidiaries
1383:Business positions
1256:The Daily Telegraph
1229:Library of Congress
1046:. 12 November 2016.
721:on 16 February 2015
629:Roscommon, Michigan
605:Waterford, Michigan
268:Buick Motor Company
211:Durant was born in
155:Margery Pitt Durant
92:New York City, U.S.
2568:Renaissance Center
2558:GM Proving Grounds
2491:Rochester Products
2383:Hughes Electronics
2289:GM Diesel Division
1558:Continental Motors
549:Rockefeller family
537:
340:
330:Other acquisitions
273:Ford Motor Company
234:Josiah Dallas Dort
199:. He also founded
179:and co-founder of
137:(divorced)
113:and co-founder of
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2591:William C. Durant
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2135:(24%) (1924–1948)
2127:Atlantic Aircraft
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1563:William C. Durant
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1409:Pierre S. du Pont
1406:Succeeded by
1370:History of Durant
1316:978-0-472-03302-7
1174:978-1-4000-6964-4
1022:978-0-8144-0869-8
805:978-0-7864-3960-7
780:978-1-77067-782-1
625:Lea Gapsky Durant
597:Lansing, Michigan
582:Woodlawn Cemetery
569:Goldfield, Nevada
348:Jackson, Michigan
313:Oakland Motor Car
289:cost-plus pricing
285:Samuel McLaughlin
166:
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131:Clara Miller Pitt
41:William C. Durant
16:(Redirected from
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2563:Factories (list)
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1867:
1859:
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1843:
1841:HRL Laboratories
1835:
1827:
1812:
1811:
1632:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1514:
1508:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1418:
1388:Preceded by
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1260:
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1247:
1241:
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1210:
1200:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1164:Herman, Arthur.
1162:
1156:
1142:
1138:My Life and Work
1133:Crowther, Samuel
1125:
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1118:
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809:
791:
785:
784:
766:
755:
754:
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751:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
717:. Archived from
711:
705:
704:
702:
700:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
670:. Archived from
664:
609:Deal, New Jersey
521:Great Depression
519:and the ensuing
497:Leaside, Ontario
302:Olds Motor Works
138:
88:
70:December 9, 1861
69:
67:
51:
37:
21:
2840:
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2710:
2635:
2623:World of Motion
2611:
2602:Alfred P. Sloan
2577:
2524:
2375:Hughes Aircraft
2313:GM South Africa
2150:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2050:
1918:
1887:
1881:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1796:Cadillac Europe
1734:
1678:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1586:
1581:
1572:
1546:
1520:Affiliated with
1515:
1509:
1500:
1459:
1450:
1445:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1391:Charles W. Nash
1345:
1317:
1304:
1298:
1281:
1272:
1269:
1267:Further reading
1264:
1263:
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1234:
1232:
1222:
1221:
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1192:Wayback Machine
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675:
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661:
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640:George W. Mason
617:
615:Durant's Castle
595:Durant Park in
571:, to open up a
565:Flint, Michigan
529:
473:
460:Alfred P. Sloan
443:
389:Louis Chevrolet
377:
352:Byron J. Carter
332:
320:Louis Chevrolet
297:
264:
226:Flint, Michigan
209:
197:Louis Chevrolet
191:and co-founded
158:
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93:
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2682:1945–46 strike
2679:
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2672:Reorganization
2669:
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2659:
2654:
2643:
2641:
2640:Related topics
2637:
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2119:Ally Financial
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2103:Allison Engine
2099:
2097:
2094:joint ventures
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2018:
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1997:
1990:
1983:
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1969:
1957:
1956:
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1948:
1941:
1928:
1926:
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1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1889:
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1879:
1878:
1877:
1865:SAIC-GM-Wuling
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1683:Service brands
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1638:
1636:
1635:Vehicle brands
1629:
1623:
1622:
1619:General Motors
1617:
1615:
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1592:
1583:
1582:
1577:
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1554:
1552:
1551:Related topics
1548:
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1407:
1404:
1399:General Motors
1394:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1364:Durantcars.com
1361:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1343:External links
1341:
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1332:
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1315:
1302:
1296:
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1120:
1117:. August 2008.
1100:
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1021:
998:
979:|journal=
940:
936:Car and Driver
914:
904:. Mackinac.org
885:
869:1800–present:
811:
804:
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779:
756:
732:
706:
685:
658:
657:
655:
652:
633:Au Sable River
616:
613:
528:
525:
472:
469:
442:
439:
398:Pierre du Pont
376:
373:
331:
328:
304:(Oldsmobile).
296:
295:General Motors
293:
263:
260:
222:Henry H. Crapo
208:
205:
189:General Motors
177:General Motors
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163:
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147:
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118:
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111:General Motors
107:
106:Known for
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
89:(aged 85)
85:March 18, 1947
83:
79:
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72:
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2329:GM Uzbekistan
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2225:Euclid Trucks
2223:
2218:
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2210:
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2202:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2186:
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2164:Dayton-Wright
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2019:
2016:
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1818:Shareholdings
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1448:Durant Motors
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1397:President of
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1297:9780471283270
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1179:
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1161:
1158:
1155:. Chapter IV.
1154:
1150:
1149:9781406500189
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941:
938:, 1/88, p.46.
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674:on 8 May 2011
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578:New York City
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545:Black Tuesday
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477:Durant Motors
471:Durant Motors
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2790:Crapo family
2703:
2590:
2517:Yellow Coach
2015:High Feature
1888:technologies
1886:Products and
1725:GM Financial
1628:subsidiaries
1562:
1456:
1396:
1335:
1324:
1306:
1285:
1274:
1255:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1227:
1218:
1207:. Retrieved
1198:
1181:
1165:
1160:
1137:
1123:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1083:, retrieved
1077:
1070:
1061:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1011:
995:(32 KB)
989:
970:cite journal
935:
906:. Retrieved
878:February 29,
876:. Retrieved
856:
836:
795:
789:
770:
748:. Retrieved
744:
735:
723:. Retrieved
719:the original
709:
697:. Retrieved
688:
676:. Retrieved
672:the original
662:
637:
618:
594:
561:
553:stock market
538:
501:
474:
444:
432:
429:
421:Henry Leland
414:
402:
385:Ford Model T
378:
362:
359:
356:
341:
317:
306:
298:
265:
257:
254:
250:
236:and founded
231:
210:
168:
167:
87:(1947-03-18)
2760:1947 deaths
2755:1861 births
2692:2019 strike
2687:2007 strike
2616:Sponsorship
2520:(1925–1943)
2512:(1926–2017)
2504:(1989–1996)
2486:(1918–1994)
2478:(1995–2003)
2470:(1931–2017)
2462:(1997–2008)
2454:(1933–1948)
2446:(2009–2010)
2430:(1984–2009)
2417:(2016–2020)
2402:(1996–2003)
2394:(1987–2003)
2386:(1985–1997)
2378:(1985–1997)
2361:(1948–2020)
2348:(1998–2008)
2340:(1993–2018)
2332:(2008–2019)
2324:(2000–2020)
2321:GM Thailand
2316:(1913–2017)
2308:(1995–2020)
2300:(1986–2017)
2292:(1938–1987)
2284:(1949–1969)
2276:(2001–2019)
2268:(1953–1963)
2260:(1919–1980)
2252:(1925–1984)
2244:(1925–1984)
2241:Fisher Body
2236:(2009–2019)
2228:(1953–1968)
2220:(1984–1996)
2212:(1930–2004)
2204:(1994–2003)
2196:(1938–1988)
2188:(1997-2004)
2180:(1994–1999)
2167:(1919–1923)
2159:(1938–1962)
2151:(2006–2011)
2143:(2005-2016)
2122:(1919-2013)
2114:(1929–2007)
2106:(1929–1995)
1786:New Zealand
1235:16 February
1129:Ford, Henry
1114:Motor Trend
849:1700–1799:
829:1634–1699:
725:16 February
699:16 February
678:16 February
644:Nash Motors
541:Wall Street
417:World War I
406:Fisher Body
162:(1890–1937)
157:(1887–1969)
109:Founder of
101:Businessman
32:Will Durant
18:W.C. Durant
2749:Categories
2628:Test Track
2597:Mary Barra
2530:Facilities
2337:GM Vietnam
2273:GM-AvtoVAZ
2257:Frigidaire
1720:GM Defense
1695:BrightDrop
1674:BrightDrop
1481:Locomobile
1403:1916–1920
1209:2011-09-29
908:2011-09-29
750:2023-08-22
654:References
513:Locomobile
410:Frigidaire
365:Henry Ford
281:Oldsmobile
201:Frigidaire
173:automobile
98:Occupation
66:1861-12-09
2607:Tim Solso
2593:(Founder)
2399:HughesNet
2297:GM Europe
2281:GM Diesel
2043:Gemini V8
1994:Family II
1980:Family 1
1899:Platforms
1746:Argentina
1652:Chevrolet
1542:Frontenac
1258:. London.
592:in 1996.
458:, making
437:in 1968.
393:Chevrolet
375:Chevrolet
344:Cartercar
207:Biography
193:Chevrolet
181:Chevrolet
115:Chevrolet
2724:Category
2667:Motorama
2509:Vauxhall
2475:PanAmSat
2305:GM India
2055:Electric
1966:Family 0
1938:Family 0
1914:Vehicles
1833:GM Korea
1766:Colombia
1647:Cadillac
1579:Category
1527:Sheridan
1188:Archived
1135:(1922),
1085:April 7,
1028:April 7,
854:(1992).
834:(1997).
573:cinnabar
557:bankrupt
509:Cadillac
309:Cadillac
277:Cadillac
151:Children
2734:Commons
2647:History
2443:Nexteer
2201:DirecTV
1952:E-Turbo
1924:Engines
1909:Hybrids
1857:SAIC-GM
1690:ACDelco
1532:De Vaux
584:in The
543:and on
505:Packard
369:Model T
185:marques
139:
135:
121:Spouses
2583:People
2459:Nuvell
2358:Holden
2233:FAW-GM
2177:Delphi
2132:Bendix
2072:Ultium
2001:Ecotec
1874:Baojun
1781:Mexico
1756:Canada
1751:Brazil
1730:OnStar
1710:Dexron
1705:Cruise
1667:Hummer
1662:Denali
1471:Durant
1464:Durant
1329:online
1313:
1294:
1172:
1147:
1019:
993:
802:
777:
491:, and
481:Durant
381:Little
311:, and
279:, and
213:Boston
76:, U.S.
2785:Buick
2496:Terex
2427:NUMMI
2414:Maven
2036:Gen V
2022:Gen V
1868:(44%)
1860:(50%)
1852:(20%)
1844:(50%)
1836:(77%)
1828:(60%)
1776:Japan
1771:Egypt
1761:Chile
1642:Buick
1491:Rugby
1486:Mason
1476:Flint
962:(pdf)
861:(PDF)
841:(PDF)
586:Bronx
493:Eagle
489:Flint
350:, by
262:Buick
195:with
133:
2467:Opel
2077:BEV3
2067:BEV2
1825:DMAX
1537:Dort
1496:Star
1311:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1237:2015
1170:ISBN
1145:ISBN
1087:2013
1030:2013
1017:ISBN
987:and
983:help
880:2024
800:ISBN
775:ISBN
727:2015
701:2015
680:2015
642:(of
507:and
485:Star
408:and
82:Died
56:Born
2062:EV1
1987:MGE
1973:SGE
1945:SGE
1657:GMC
603:in
462:of
450:),
2751::
2030:V8
2009:V6
1960:I4
1932:I3
1254:.
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1131:;
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1001:^
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