609:, the site of the new federal court for the Central District. Congress had created this court in an effort to relieve the overworked Western District of Arkansas of some of its huge caseload, although Judge Parker was upset with this stripping of his authority. When Oklahoma became a state in 1907, Congress created a new set of federal District Courts and dissolved the old Indian Territory District Courts, causing Clayton to lose his federal judgeship. During his 10 years as a federal judge, Clayton had issued important decisions defining Indian rights, which had long-term effects on the future history of Oklahoma.
535:. During his 14 years in this position, Clayton had charge of over 10,000 cases (including misdemeanors) tried before the court and, during that time, he convicted 80 men of murder—a number greater than any other prosecutor in the United States—and 40 of these men were executed. Clayton was known as "the ablest prosecutor in the Southwest." During Judge Parker's eventful first year with the Court, Clayton obtained capital convictions in 15 out of 18 murder cases. On September 3, 1875, Judge Parker ordered a mass hanging of six men at once on the Fort Smith gallows.
44:
445:. Like his brother Powell, W. H. H. Clayton married a southern woman, Florence Barnes. In 1868, Powell Clayton was elected Governor of Arkansas, and W. H. H. Clayton, while studying law, was appointed circuit superintendent of public instruction for the Seventh Judicial Circuit of Arkansas and helped organize an education system for the newly freed slaves.
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to the
Western District. At the time of his appointment, Judge Parker (35 years old) was the youngest judge on the federal bench and served on the court from 1875 until his death in 1896. During this period, the Western District of Arkansas was one of the busiest federal courts in the entire country.
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In Judge Parker's 21 years on the bench, 13,490 felony charges were docketed, including 344 charges carrying the death penalty. Since there were no state courts in the Indian
Territory (only tribal courts), the United States District court had original jurisdiction over murder charges, an oddity for
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United States. At the request of Powell
Clayton and other prominent Arkansas Republicans, President Grant appointed Isaac Charles Parker, a Republican office holder from Missouri with an impeccable reputation, to the Court in order to clean up the prior stain of corruption and to bring law and order
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During
Antietam, the 124th Regiment engaged in the furious fighting in Miller's cornfield. Early in this combat, Colonel Hawley was shot in the neck, while General Mansfield was shot off his horse and mortally wounded as he led other Regiments of the Twelfth Corps into battle (his successor, General
510:
In 1875, the United States
District Court for the Western District of Arkansas had jurisdiction over one-third of the state of Arkansas and all of the Indian Territory to the west that eventually became the state of Oklahoma. This area comprised over 74,000 square miles (190,000 km) of some of
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Just over one month after the discharge of the 124th, General Lee again attempted to invade the Union States, this time making it to
Pennsylvania. Governor Curtin declared another state of emergency, and Clayton and most of the members of the 124th were hastily assembled into the newly formed 29th
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Clayton also enjoyed a very successful legal career in Fort Smith during the years that he was not serving as United States
Attorney. He handled both civil and criminal cases while in the private practice of law, including cases in front of the United States Supreme Court. One of Clayton's most
524:, and 79 of these defendants were actually hanged to death. In another oddity, no federal court had appellate jurisdiction over Judge Parker, and the only avenue for relief from a death sentence in his court was through presidential pardon; Congress remedied this in 1889 and gave the
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against charges of murdering his posse cook. Reeves, one of the only black U.S. Marshals in the United States, had worked closely with
Clayton while Clayton was still the U.S. Attorney, and Clayton was able to convince a jury to acquit Bass in a trial in front of Judge Parker.
463:, and W. H. H. Clayton moved to Fort Smith when he took the U.S. Attorney position. In 1882, Clayton purchased an old house in the downtown area of Fort Smith, which he enlarged and renovated. Clayton and his family lived in this house until he left Fort Smith for
498:. The election was hotly contested and replete with charges of serious voter fraud and illegality. John M. Clayton was assassinated on January 29, 1889, before a winner of the election could be declared. Despite an investigation by
362:. The Twelfth Corps marched further into Maryland and, on September 17, 1862—less than six weeks after being commissioned—Clayton and the 124th Regiment were involved in the most violent one day conflict in American history—the
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for the State of
Oklahoma. After his retirement from the federal bench, Clayton resumed the practice of law in McAlester with his son. Clayton died in McAlester on December 14, 1920 and was interred at the
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Clayton served as the United States
Attorney in Judge Parker's court from 1874 until 1893, with the exception of the four years comprising the first non-consecutive term of Democratic President
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troops. This ended Clayton's active involvement in the Civil War. After his service, he took a position as a teacher of military tactics and other subjects at the Village Green Seminary in
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had nominated Clayton for re-appointment to his United States Attorney position, following the Grover Cleveland interregnum period. No formal action was ever taken on the charges, and the
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during the battle. The next day, Clayton and his colleagues in the 124th Regiment had burial duty and had to clean up the carnage and slaughter of America's bloodiest day.
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409:. The 124th returned to its old camps after Chancellorsville.–They had completed their enlistment and were discharged and mustered out of service on May 17, 1863.
397:." While in camp, on April 10, 1863, President Lincoln reviewed the Twelfth Corps. The 124th was then involved in the spring campaign of the newest leader of the
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319:, Pennsylvania Volunteers. The 124th Regiment served a nine-month enlistment, commencing in August 1862, and ending in May 1863, during a critical period in the
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Clayton's twin brother John Middleton Clayton enjoyed a political career of distinction after moving to Arkansas. John M. Clayton served in both houses of the
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and her husband to federal prison for horse theft, and, upon her release, Starr plotted but failed to carry out an assassination attempt on Clayton during a
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During his time with Judge Parker, Clayton had many interesting cases involving some of the most notorious criminals of the time. Clayton sent the infamous
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Clayton had been involved in a scandal related to an alleged Oklahoma land grab in 1889. The charges were made by Democrats in 1889, after President
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appointed him a judge of the same Circuit Court, but in July 1874 he resigned this position to accept an appointment, offered by President
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In 1871, he was admitted to the bar and was appointed prosecuting attorney for the First Judicial Circuit of Arkansas. In 1873, Governor
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appointed Clayton to serve on the Oklahoma Districting and Canvassing Board. Clayton had also been a delegate selected to write the new
499:
1237:
R. L. Williams. "Hon. William H. H. Clayton." The Medico-Legal Journal. Medico-legal Society of New York. Vol. 26. (1908) pp.258–263.
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played as Belle Starr recently released from federal prison, who unsuccessfully plots the revenge assassination of Clayton during a
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for 14 years and as a federal judge in the Central District of the Indian Territory that became the state of Oklahoma.
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Emergency Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Militia. The new 29th remained in Chester and Delaware counties during the
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History of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers in the War of Rebellion--1862-1863
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471:" has been restored by the Fort Smith Heritage Foundation and is a historical home that is open to the public.
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in an episode entitled "A Bullet for the D.A." Clayton was also the original prosecutor in the famous case of
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confirmed President Harrison's nomination of Clayton. Former Oklahoma governor and supreme court Justice,
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Clayton was raised on his father's farm and received his early education at the Village Green Seminary.
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for the newly created federal court for the Central District of the Indian Territory. Clayton moved to
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U.S. Attorney for the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas (1874–1893)
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detectives that had been financed by Powell and W. H. H. Clayton, the assassin was never found.
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The United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas had recently moved to
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210:(October 13, 1840 – December 14, 1920) was an American lawyer and judge in post-Civil War
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United States Federal Judge in the Central District of the Indian Territory (1896–1907)
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350:. In that capacity, the 124th maneuvered on the field but did not participate in the
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550:, Arkansas Fair. This incident was later dramatized in 1961 on the television show
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774:
History of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers
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315:, he raised a company in Delaware County—this company became Company H of the
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624:, wrote a biography of Clayton, saying that Clayton's motto as a judge was, "
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Neither shall an innocent man be punished, nor shall one guilty man go free.
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case is well-known to present-day trial attorneys for its discussion of the
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Black Gun, Silver Star, the Life and Legend of Frontier Marshal Bass Reeves
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the federal courts Judge Parker sentenced 160 defendants to the Fort Smith
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The 124th Regiment was involved in the Fredericksburg campaign of General
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was cast as Clayton in the 1961 episode, "A Bullet for the D.A.", on the
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256:, President Judge of the Thirty-Second Judicial District of Pennsylvania
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appellate jurisdiction over death sentences from Judge Parker's court.
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Judge William Clayton: a man of sterling worth and unwavering loyalty
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and, on September 9, 1862, became part of the Twelfth Corps of the
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in Company H, while his twin brother John M. Clayton served as the
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Publications of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, Volume 6
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When the Civil War ended, Clayton followed his brother Powell to
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was also carried from the field). The 124th Regiment suffered 64
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in the same Company. The 124th Regiment was under the command of
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United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas
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as United States Attorney for the Western District of Arkansas.
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United States Attorneys for the Western District of Arkansas
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famous cases involved his defense of legendary U.S. Marshal
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United States federal judges appointed by William McKinley
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was elected President in 1896, he appointed Clayton as a
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Available on Google Books. Accessed March 23, 2020.
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307:In 1862, pursuant to proclamations from President
249:and fought in some of the key battles of the war.
1464:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
776:, Ware Bros. Company (1907), pp. 9, 17–18, 76.
130:Bethel Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
1263:"Clayton, William Henry Harrison (1840–1920)"
338:The 124th Regiment was in reserve during the
280:settlers of Pennsylvania. Clayton's ancestor
8:
60:United States Court for the Indian Territory
593:Career in the Indian Territory and Oklahoma
260:and twin-brother of U.S. Congressman-elect
1329:. Press of the Delaware County Republican.
1141:
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737:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
478:and also served three terms as sheriff of
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31:
1454:People from Delaware County, Pennsylvania
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568:, 164 U.S. 492, 17 S.Ct. 154 (1896). The
296:in 1681, and a member of Penn's Council.
252:He was the brother of Arkansas Governor
1439:Burials at Fort Smith National Cemetery
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511:the most wild and violent lands in the
230:, as chief prosecutor in the court of "
1315:Aftermath of the Civil War in Arkansas
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467:in 1897 and owned it until 1912. The "
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421:regiments in pursuit of the defeated
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1028:"John Middleton Clayton (1840-1889)"
719:. Philadelphia. 1917. pp. 12–13
1227:, May 16, 1890, and April 14, 1893.
482:. In 1888, John M. Clayton ran for
385:but was not part of the disastrous
58:Judge for Central District of the
25:
1360:. The Phoenix Publishing Company.
1338:. Duell, Sloan and Pearce-Little.
393:as part of Burnside's miserable "
241:He served as a lieutenant in the
72:1897 – November 16, 1907
1380:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1374:Harrington, Fred Harvey (1980).
1297:. University of Nebraska Press.
1469:People of the American Old West
1459:People from McAlester, Oklahoma
1369:. University of Nebraska Press.
1318:. The Neale Publishing Company.
506:Service in Judge Parker's court
1399:. News-Capital & Democrat.
1032:www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net
923:Green, pp. 55, 191–92, 198–99.
208:William Henry Harrison Clayton
124:William Henry Harrison Clayton
1:
1429:19th-century American lawyers
1269:. Oklahoma Historical Society
427:Delaware County, Pennsylvania
405:—and saw combat again in the
346:under the command of General
274:Bethel Township, Pennsylvania
1424:19th-century American judges
642:Fort Smith National Cemetery
560:, which was reported in the
151:Fort Smith National Cemetery
1323:Clayton, Thomas J. (1892).
603:United States federal judge
562:United States Supreme Court
526:United States Supreme Court
288:, was a personal friend of
1505:
480:Jefferson County, Arkansas
407:Battle of Chancellorsville
140:December 14, 1920 (age 80)
1395:Woolridge, Clyde (1998).
1343:Green, Robert M. (1907).
821:Green, pp. 21–22, 148–49.
476:Arkansas General Assembly
340:Battle of Second Bull Run
201:
187:Soldier, attorney, judge,
142:McAlester, Oklahoma, U.S.
110:
65:
53:
41:
1312:Clayton, Powell (1915).
1165:Harman, pp. 582, 593–94.
387:Battle of Fredericksburg
352:Battle of South Mountain
268:Early life and education
1489:Indian Territory judges
1365:Shirley, Glenn (1968).
1326:Rambles and Reflections
1291:Burton, Art T. (2006).
496:Clifton R. Breckinridge
358:began his advance into
106:Position disestablished
1367:Law West of Fort Smith
1354:Harman, S. W. (1898).
1191:, 164 U.S. 627 (1897).
1189:United States v. Starr
566:Allen v. United States
558:United States v. Allen
323:. Clayton served as a
262:John Middleton Clayton
224:United States Attorney
1349:. Ware Bros. Company.
1251:, September 20, 1907.
658:syndicated television
505:
356:General Robert E. Lee
1449:Oklahoma Republicans
1434:Arkansas Republicans
1334:Croy, Homer (1952).
1261:Creel, Von Russell.
994:www.claytonhouse.org
618:United States Senate
461:Fort Smith, Arkansas
439:Pine Bluff, Arkansas
415:Battle of Gettysburg
272:Clayton was born in
155:Fort Smith, Arkansas
95:William Yancey Lewis
1336:He Hanged Them High
1215:, pp. 192–194.
1203:, pp. 139–148.
1176:"Death Valley Days"
1105:, pp. 179–181.
1026:Barnes, Kenneth C.
1016:, pp. 184–193.
990:"The Clayton House"
842:Green, pp. 31, 149.
631:In 1907, President
484:U.S. Representative
465:McAlester, Oklahoma
348:Joseph K. Mansfield
344:Army of the Potomac
313:Andrew Gregg Curtin
286:Chichester, England
222:. He served as the
1357:Hell on the Border
648:In popular culture
633:Theodore Roosevelt
622:Robert L. Williams
490:candidate against
433:Career in Arkansas
372:Samuel W. Crawford
364:Battle of Antietam
335:Joseph W. Hawley.
321:American Civil War
1267:www.okhistory.org
1066:, pp. 24–25.
902:, pp. 43–47.
866:, pp. 39–40.
833:, pp. 29–33.
812:, pp. 20–22.
666:Death Valley Days
614:Benjamin Harrison
553:Death Valley Days
258:Thomas J. Clayton
205:
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176:Thomas J. Clayton
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115:Personal details
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450:Elisha Baxter
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311:and Governor
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1271:. Retrieved
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1213:Shirley 1968
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1035:. Retrieved
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1014:Clayton 1915
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997:. Retrieved
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723:September 3,
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294:Upland Court
290:William Penn
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102:Succeeded by
78:Appointed by
67:
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1419:1920 deaths
1414:1840 births
1201:Burton 2006
1130:Harman 1898
977:Harman 1898
950:Harman 1898
586:Bass Reeves
540:Belle Starr
423:Confederate
245:during the
90:Preceded by
1408:Categories
933:Green 1907
912:Green 1907
900:Green 1907
888:Green 1907
876:Green 1907
864:Green 1907
852:Green 1907
831:Green 1907
810:Green 1907
798:Green 1907
786:Green 1907
697:References
652:The actor
513:postbellum
494:candidate
488:Republican
399:Union Army
376:casualties
325:lieutenant
243:Union Army
184:Occupation
1154:Croy 1952
1064:Croy 1952
1037:March 26,
999:March 26,
733:cite book
702:Citations
607:McAlester
578:hung jury
500:Pinkerton
401:—General
395:Mud March
303:Civil War
192:Known for
178:(brother)
173:(brother)
162:Relatives
68:In office
685:See also
419:New York
391:Virginia
360:Maryland
226:for the
220:Oklahoma
212:Arkansas
1285:Sources
1273:May 18,
772:Green,
546:at the
522:gallows
486:as the
333:Colonel
1384:
1301:
278:Quaker
168:(twin)
157:, U.S.
132:, U.S.
597:When
570:Allen
354:, as
1382:ISBN
1299:ISBN
1275:2024
1039:2020
1001:2020
739:link
725:2018
214:and
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120:Born
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